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Journal articles on the topic 'Welfare state – History – 21st century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Klimonova, Anastasiia N. "Historical development of the state policy of Russia in the sphere of increasing the well-being of the population." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 193 (2021): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-193-238-245.

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The work is devoted to the study of the state policy of Russia in the field of improving the welfare of the population, changes in its influence on the welfare of the country’s population in different periods of history. We consider various interpretations of the concept of welfare, their changes in the course of history. We conclude that the state policy to ensure and improve the well-being of the population was constantly subject to transformation and reorientation depending on the level of society development, the nature of social relations, the political system, the state system, the prior

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Pukenis, Robertas. "The Strategy of Lithuanian State Security in the 21st Century." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 19 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n19p15.

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The article analyses state security as harmonious functioning of the constitutional system without interference of any outside forces, protection of territorial integrity and undisturbed functioning of a state in all public spheres. The state security in the broadest sense is strengthened by the factors of foreign and home policy. The security is based not only on strong, well trained armed forces, equipped with modern guns but also on the entire potential of a state: the approval of citizens for armament and the willingness to defend the country; economic stability, functioning of democratic

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Reckendrees, Alfred. "Why Did German Early Industrial Capitalists Suggest Workers’ Pensions, Arbitration Boards and Minimum Wages?" Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 61, no. 2 (2020): 351–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2020-0015.

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AbstractToday at the beginning of the 21st century, there is a debate across Europe about how much welfare society should provide, and how much private insurance is possible. Two hundred years ago, in the formative period of industrial capitalism, social problems had long been left to private initiative. Commodification of labour and its concentration in large factories, however, created demand for social protection beyond the limited shelter provided by charity. Representatives of industry in Aachen suggested compulsory factory rules granting rights to workers, compulsory workers’ pension fun

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Ala-Fossi, Marko, Mikko Grönlund, Heikki Hellman, Katja Lehtisaari, Kari Karppinen, and Hannu Nieminen. "Prioritising National Competitiveness over Support for Democracy? Finnish Media Policy in the 21st Century." Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs 26, no. 4 (2023): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.4.2022.6.

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Ever since the launch of the World Press Freedom Index almost 20 years ago, Finland has always been among the top fi ve countries of that index. According to the annual Reuters Digital News reports, Finnish people also have the highest level of trust in the news media and one of the highest levels of press readership in the EU. Most of the media companies are doing quite well, while Google and Facebook have a much less dominant role in the advertising market than elsewhere in Europe. In this context, you might expect Finland to have a comprehensive and visionary media and communications policy

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Wójcicki, Włodzimierz. "Review of the Monograph “Unconditional Basic Income. A Revolutionary Reform of the 21st Century Society” By Maciej Szlinder, Pwn, Warsaw, 2018, P. 310." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 13, no. 3 (2020): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2020-0027.

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SummaryThe economic forum currently sees the postulate of a multi-dimensional analysis of economic issues, as exemplified by behavioural and institutional economics, cliometrics, wikinomics and others – taking into consideration of the achievements of cultural anthropology, sociology, ethics, philosophy, the history of economics, as well as selected exact sciences, such as mathematics and physics. The redistribution economics, the relationship between capital and labour, the issues of the precariat, guaranteed minimum income for each citizen – both conditional and unconditional, which is a new

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ZÜRN, MICHAEL, and STEPHAN LEIBFRIED. "1 Reconfiguring the national constellation." European Review 13, S1 (2005): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798705000177.

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The influence of the state on the trajectory of human lives is more comprehensive and sustained than that of any other organizational construct. We provide a definition of the modern nation-state in four intersecting dimensions – resources, law, legitimacy, and welfare – and review the history and status of each dimension, focusing on the fusion of nation and state in the 19th century, and the development of the ‘national constellation’ of institutions in the 20th. We then assess the fate of the nation-state after the Second World War and, with western OECD countries as our sample, track the r

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Bell, Alan W. "Animal science Down Under: a history of research, development and extension in support of Australia’s livestock industries." Animal Production Science 60, no. 2 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19161.

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This account of the development and achievements of the animal sciences in Australia is prefaced by a brief history of the livestock industries from 1788 to the present. During the 19th century, progress in industry development was due more to the experience and ingenuity of producers than to the application of scientific principles; the end of the century also saw the establishment of departments of agriculture and agricultural colleges in all Australian colonies (later states). Between the two world wars, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was established, including well supp

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Guleva, Maria A. "The Main Trends in the Development of Non-state Education in the People's Republic of China in the 21st Century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 2 (2022): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.202.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, educating a population capable to ensure high growth rates and to improve qualitative characteristics has become crucial for modern China. The Chinese authorities proclaimed science and education to be the “foundation” of socialist modernization and the “root” of further development of the Chinese society. To deepen the transformation in education initiated under the policies of reform and opening up, China’s educational system has come a long way. Until recently, the main focus for the authorities was the public education system. The private education

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Hirniak, Svitlana. "The Ukrainian schooling of students in Vasyl′ Pachovs′kyi’s conception." Ukrainska mova, no. 4 (2021): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.04.127.

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This article examines the vision of the Ukrainian education at schools in Eastern Galicia on the first third of the 20th-century timeline by Dr. Vasylʹ Pachovsʹkyi, who introduced his pedagogical ideas at the 1935 First Ukrainian Pedagogical Congress in Lviv. Pachovsʹkyi, a poet, scholar, and educator with more than 25 years of experience, believed that subjects in the Ukrainian language and literature, history, art, music, and geography should form the foundation of Ukrainian studies. According to him, the Ukrainian generation had to be educated by a school in which the Ukrainian national spi

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Hirniak, Svitlana. "The Ukrainian schooling of students in Vasyl′ Pachovs′kyi’s conception." Ukrainska mova, no. 4 (2021): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.04.127.

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This article examines the vision of the Ukrainian education at schools in Eastern Galicia on the first third of the 20th-century timeline by Dr. Vasylʹ Pachovsʹkyi, who introduced his pedagogical ideas at the 1935 First Ukrainian Pedagogical Congress in Lviv. Pachovsʹkyi, a poet, scholar, and educator with more than 25 years of experience, believed that subjects in the Ukrainian language and literature, history, art, music, and geography should form the foundation of Ukrainian studies. According to him, the Ukrainian generation had to be educated by a school in which the Ukrainian national spi

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Demianenko, Serhii. "Agricultural reform in Ukraine: the history and present." Economic Analysis, no. 34(1) (2024): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2024.01.069.

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The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of implementing the agrarian reform in Ukraine as a natural stage of the development of the country's agriculture during the last 100 years. The existing problems in Ukrainian agriculture were considered and it was established that these problems have their roots in the past, in the 20s of the 20th century, when the natural development of agriculture was interrupted, Ukraine became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), private ownership of agricultural land and private farms were liquidated, collective and state agricultura

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Дієго Феліпе Арбелаез-Кампіллo, Магда Джулісса Рохас-Багамон, and Олег Геннадійович Данильян. "DISCOURSE ON THE CATEGORIES «UNIVERSAL CITIZENSHIP”, «HUMAN RIGHTS» AND «GLOBALIZATION»." Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University. Series:Philosophy, philosophies of law, political science, sociology 1, no. 48 (2021): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2075-7190.48.224374.

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Problem setting. Although modern humanity has proclaimed the universality of human dignity and desperately upholds this value, which is fully in harmony with freedom, equality and fraternity, the truth is that in reality it has not yet been able to go beyond the status of a citizen of the nation state in its legal and political conventions. . In this sense, a very important issue is the representation of the real situation around the categories of "universal citizenship", "human rights" and "globalization" in the midst of the geopolitical conflict in Latin America caused by the persecution of

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Diego, Felipe Arbelaez-Campillo, Julissa Rojas-Bahamon Magda, and Oleg Gennadyevich Danilyan. "DISCOURSE ON THE CATEGORIES «UNIVERSAL CITIZENSHIP», «HUMAN RIGHTS» AND «GLOBALIZATION»." Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University. Series: Philosophy, philosophy of law, political science, sociology : The collection 48, no. 1 (2021): 11–33. https://doi.org/10.21564/2075-7190.48.224374.

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Problem setting. Although modern humanity has proclaimed the universality of human dignity and desperately upholds this value, which is fully in harmony with freedom, equality andfraternity, the truth is that in reality it has not yet been able to go beyond the status of a citizen of the nation state in its legal and political conventions. . In this sense, a very important issue is the representation of the real situation around the categories of «universal citizenship», «human rights» and «globalization» in the midst of the geopolitical conflict in Latin Am

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Podolskiy, Vadim Andreevich. "Social policy system in the Republic of Korea: features of development and performance." Право и политика, no. 11 (November 2024): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2024.11.72385.

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The article studies the history of the formation and features of the functioning of social policy in the Republic of Korea in the 20th-21st centuries. It examines the emergence of rules for social insurance, social support, assistance to the needy, unemployment insurance and employment promotion, the role of state redistribution and regulation. The principles of the pension system organisation are analyzed. The development of the health care system is studied. Korea's experience in the field of demographic policy, the effectiveness of family benefit programs are analyzed, and the key problems

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Zeveleva, G. "Healthcare Reform in the United States: Difficult Road." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2015): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-4-81-89.

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The article focuses on a healthcare reform, one of the pillars of Barack Obama’s presidency. The author argues that the reform was driven by social considerations, and the goal was to make the American healthcare system more just by implementing universal mandatory health insurance. The author analyses how implementation of Obama’s reform has turned into an arduous process, and why the enactment of some of its regulations were postponed. The article examines why some of the new regulations have already begun to function, while others are due to begin in 2018 and 2020. In 2014 the reform entere

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Gupta, Asha. "From the Welfare State to the Welfare Society: A Shift in Paradigm." Indian Journal of Public Administration 68, no. 1 (2022): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00195561211058770.

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Covid-19 and its aftermath brought home the lesson that in future we just cannot rely on welfare state to deal with sudden outbreaks or natural calamities. We would have to empower individuals in the era of digitalisation for quick support and social solidarity. We are living in a world today where profound socio-economic, political and cultural changes are taking place due to rapid technological changes and globalisation. The 2008 fiscal crisis made it clear that the new liberal philosophy is no longer valid in early 21st century. Unless and until there is solidarity at the societal level, th

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Shah, Dr Paresh. "Validating the Need of Social Welfare State in 21St Century." Journal of Business Strategy Finance and Management 04, no. 01 (2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/jbsfm.04.01.01.

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The Indian Economy is under severe pressure for the last ten years. The reduction in demand for goods and services, and at the same time policies of the Government to create demand-driven economy results in the demand for goods being majorly restricted to the necessity and need. The demand for products and services for the improvement of the standard of living is restricted nearly among 70% of the population. The policies of the Government lead the situations towards the suffering by the orphanage, superannuated people, and that results in the productive population (between the age of 19 to 55

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Ferrera, Maurizio, Anton Hemerijck, and Martin Rhodes. "Recasting European Welfare States for the 21st Century." European Review 8, no. 3 (2000): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700004981.

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This article places European welfare states squarely in today's European integration context and looks optimistically at social policy perspectives ‘top down’ from the European level. It has the needs of European policy makers in mind, and thus their interests in optimal policy mixes, lessons from national experiences and in a new institutional architecture that links EU member states more effectively into All-European corridors of reform efforts. The authors argue that the overriding need in welfare state reform is to identify new value combinations and institutional arrangements in national

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Valantiejus, Vaidotas. "Social Justice in the 21st Century: Is the Welfare State Still a Meaningful Theoretical Construct for Modern Democracy?" Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 52, no. 1 (2023): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.2023.1.4.

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The article examines the ideologem of the decline of the welfare state. The main question is whether the welfare state is still possible in contemporary society. It is argued that the thesis of the impossibility of the welfare state is an ideological statement, and the supposedly objective demise of the welfare state is what M. Foucault called ‘the regime of truth’. The article contrasts the procedural and substantive features of the concept of the welfare state. According to J. Habermas’ theory of legitimation crisis, the welfare state and the social rights it provides are not treated as pate

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Johnson, Paul. "Social Policy in Europe in the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 2, no. 2 (1993): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000424.

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The 1980s proved to be a tough decade for European welfare states. The post-war ‘welfare consensus’, which perhaps had never been quite so strong or coherent as many contemporary historians and commentators had assumed, was finally laid to rest. The five great spectres identified by Beveridge want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness had not been humbled by public welfare provision despite its ever growing scale and cost. At the beginning of the 1980s the OECD published a report on The Welfare State in Crisis which pointed out that as welfare state expenditure had roughly doubled as a per

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Powell, Jason L. "Governing Globalization and Justice." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 48 (February 2015): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.48.52.

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This article explicates how 21st Century changes in the form of globalization are of historical scale, how they play out in terms of risks and inequalities shaping human experience, and how they have changed social welfare and public policy making worldwide. After presenting facts of inequality and such consequences as planetary poverty and gender stratification, it highlights the reformulation of economic power associated with burgeoning free-market economies and accompanying diffusion of instrumental rationality, standardization and commodification. In contrast with the recent US economic do

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KERSTENETZKY, CELIA LESSA. "Why we need an allocative (and resourceful) welfare state." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 41, no. 4 (2021): 745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-3356.

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ABSTRACT In this essay, I propose an agenda for the welfare state of the 21st century that emphasizes its role as a mechanism of resource allocation. Since social and environmental problems are getting out of hand, the time for mere compensation is over: we need a mechanism for directly influencing systems of production and patterns of consumption in the direction of addressing those problems. This partially translates into a decisive sectoral shift towards public social services led by the welfare state. Among the advantages of this move, in addition to more socially balanced outcomes, are qu

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Duarte, Filipe. "T.H. Marshall is alive! A manifesto for a 21st-century public welfare state." Critical and Radical Social Work 6, no. 1 (2018): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204986018x15199226335097.

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Raudava, Vaike. "21st Century Challenges of Social Accountability in Post-Soviet Estonian Local Governments." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 11, no. 2 (2024): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.16487.

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Contemporary European social work is based on the principles of collective responsibility, human rights, and social justice. The preparation and adoption of the Social Care (Welfare) Act in 1995 followed the general principles of the corresponding law from 1925, in that the responsibility for organizing social welfare fell to local government. Thus, at the end of the 20th century, the main public social work` organizer in Estonia is the local government. Following an accountability-based approach, this research has aimed to explore the accountability of social work in the rural local governmen

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Barreto Sarlo, Thalita. "É possível pensar novas bases para o Estado de bem-estar social na era da plataformização do trabalho? Perspectivas a partir de Ursula Huws." Revista Crítica de Sociologia e Política 25, no. 3 (2024): 188–96. https://doi.org/10.59901/2318-373x/v25n3resenha2.

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Ursula Huws, an important contemporary sociologist of work, surprises us in this book with her updated analysis of the problems faced by the welfare state in the 21st century and of the recent social, economic and political issues involving work on digital platforms. The author sets out to make a diagnosis, but also risks making pragmatic proposals for public policies. Although the author demonstrates, as is common among European sociologists, a certain nostalgia for the “golden years of capitalism”, she clarifies that what she intends is a return to the principles that inspired welfare in the

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Muksinin, Ladlul, and Aminah Aminah. "Environmental Law, Populism, and Welfare State: Discourse on Environmental Law in the 21st Century." LAW REFORM 17, no. 1 (2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/lr.v17i1.37553.

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In the 21st century, the problems of environmental law in various parts of the world are getting more and more alarming. The research results by Elizabeth Fisher (2019) and Sanja Bogojevic (2019) indicate that several environmental law policies have been controlled by populism, as happened in several countries in Europe. Populism is transformed into a movement of people's will which certainly has an impact on the enforcement of environmental laws by various countries around the world. For this reason, this paper intends to discuss the law and to find the definition and influence of populism in

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Johnstone, Marjorie, and Eunjung Lee. "Branded: International education and 21st-century Canadian immigration, education policy, and the welfare state." International Social Work 57, no. 3 (2014): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872813508572.

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Virtanen, Suvi, and Herman Savinen. "Changes in the gendered nature of homicides: Comparing 20th- and 21st-century Finland." European Journal of Criminology 14, no. 4 (2016): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370816669170.

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Women commit fewer homicides than men, yet recent research has suggested that the nature of female-perpetrated homicides has started to resemble that of male perpetration. This study examines gender differences and changes in the nature of female and male homicides, and aims to demonstrate how developments in Finnish society, such as the formation of the welfare state, are reflected in the gendered nature of homicide offending. Data consist of samples from the early 20th and 21st centuries. Comparisons in frequencies are made concerning the profiles of the victim and the offender, as well as t

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Macková, Zuzana. "Social protections in Slovak Republic in the first decade of the 21st century." Bratislava Law Review 1, no. 2 (2017): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2017.1.2.83.

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The article is a critical analysis of neoliberal approach to system of social protection in Slovakia, especially after the year of 2004, when a major reform of the Social Security Law and social policy took place. The focus is on specific sub-systems of the social protection – i.e. the system of social insurance, the system of state support and the system of social assistance – in the light of the constitutional and fundamental principles of law (liberty, equality, justice and solidarity), the actual content of the abovementioned systems of social protection and values and principles of the Eu

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Ser, Tan Ern, and Irene K. H. Chew. "The New Role of Trade Unionism in the 21st Century: Lessons from Singapore." Economic and Labour Relations Review 8, no. 1 (1997): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469700800102.

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This paper examines the different types of ideological positions (welfarist, realist, and socialist) and, by extension, the roles that trade unions may adopt in the future. It suggests that a distinction can be made between what trade unions should be, by definition, and what they can be as we move into the 21st Century. It argues that the optimum role that trade unions can assume is one in which they are autonomous, yet choose to work in close partnership with a state which is dedicated to improving the welfare of the citizenry. The rationale for this argument is that a strong state is in a p

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ȚICLĂU, Tudor, and Cristina HINȚEA. "Reinventing Universities: Navigating Technological and Ideological Disruptions In the 21St Century." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, SI E (November 12, 2024): 139–46. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.si2024.18.

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Universities have historically been pivotal in societal development, serving primarily as (1) ‘knowledge generating institutions’, (2) structural elements of the welfare state promoting the democratization of education, and (3) direct contributors to economic development and social integration. Despite their consolidated and expanded roles, the 21st century presents a series of profound challenges that threaten these traditional functions and the legitimacy of their position. These challenges include (1) increased competition from non-academic actors, (2) shifts in political ideologies, and (3

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Arslan-Cansever, Belgin, Beril Ceylan, Pınar Çavaş, Alev Ateş-Çobanoğlu, and Şengül, S. Anagün. "Self-Efficacy and Teaching Skills Perceptions of Primary School Teachers: A Predictive Study." Shanlax International Journal of Education 9, no. 4 (2021): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i4.4142.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation and predictive power between the 21st century teaching skills of primary school teachers and their 21st century skills efficacy perception levels. The cross-sectional survey design has been carried out in the research. As data collection tools, 21st Century Skills Efficacy Perception Scale and Utilization of 21st Century Teacher Skills Scale have been administered. The sample consists of 459 primary school teachers working in state and private primary schools in Izmir province and its central districts. Linear regression analysis and p

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Maya, Margarita López. "Populism, 21st-century socialism and corruption in Venezuela." Thesis Eleven 149, no. 1 (2018): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618818727.

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This article seeks to explore the relationship between populism, 21st-century socialism, and the emergence of what has been referred to as an ‘ estado delincuente’ (criminal state), in the case of Venezuela. That is, a state structure permeated with transnational organized crime mafias in the executive and the judiciary, in the financial system, the prosecutor’s office, the police, the armed forces, the prison system, state-owned companies, governorships, and city councils, among other state institutions. First, I review conceptual aspects of populism to understand how this served as the basis

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Qamar Abbas Cheema and Taimur Shamil. "21st Century and Pakistan’s New Narrative for National Stability." Strategic Studies 37, no. 4 (2017): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.04.00202.

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Throughout the course of history, states and non-state actors have developed themes, values and ideas to promote their visions. Such deliberate and well-constructed ideologies are termed as narratives either to face the challenges or to run a rules-based national and international system while looking their goals and power apparatus. A national narrative is constructed in a way that identity, history, ideology, geography, culture, foreign policy and other national discourses become components of it. Pakistan, since its independence in 1947, has been in search of a comprehensive narrative that

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Patterson, James T. "Congress and the Welfare State." Social Science History 24, no. 2 (2000): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001018x.

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Thanks in part to the impeachment of President Bill Clinton, the popular reputation of Congress has recently plum meted to perhaps an all-time low.As the Senate deliberated in late January 1999, Jay Leno captured what seemed to be widespread disgust with Capitol Hill. He cracked, “We’ve reached a point where Congress does not affect anyone’s life, so we look at it as entertainment. It’s like the Jerry Springer show, except everyone has a law degree. They can’t fix health care, they can’t fix Social Security, so we look at them to provide a few laughs on a daily basis” (Providence Journal 1999)

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Nikol'skaya, G. "U.S. Immigration Policy in the Early 21st Century." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2012): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-5-93-102.

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U.S. immigrant population (legal and illegal) reached 40 millions in 2010, the highest number in American history. Nearly 14 millions of new immigrants settled in the country from 2000 to 2010, making it the highest decade of immigration in American history. For the United States, the immigration has always been both crucial to the economic growth and a source of serious conflicts. There has been no significant movement toward federal immigration reform since bipartisan project blocked in 2007. But it has been the subject of fever legislation at a state level, and President Obama made a decisi

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CHAN, KAM WAH, and FUNG YI CHAN. "GENEALOGY OF THE LONE PARENT." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 44, no. 01 (2010): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246210000033.

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Lone parent families are often portrayed as welfare-dependent, and social policies and social services can be hostile to and discriminating against lone parents especially in societies dominated by traditional familism, such as Hong Kong. This resentment of lone parent families has not been present throughout Hong Kong's history, but has arisen over the past decade. This paper is based on a study that traced the changing discourses of the lone parent family in Hong Kong. Adopting the Foucauldian concept of genealogy of knowledge and inspired by Nancy Fraser and Linda Gordon's work on "genealog

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Koziuk, Victor, Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi, Yurij Hayda, and Oksana Shymanska. "Typology of welfare states: quality criteria for governance and ecology." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (2018): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.20.

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In the 21st century, in addition to the generally well-known indicators of material well-being, in the modern paradigm of the welfare state, the quality of the ecological environment is gaining an ever-increasing role. Besides that, the modern definition of welfare state takes into account not only environmental dimension, but also the quality of institutions through the governance system that affects the supply of environmental goods. The study provides the classification of countries according to indicators that can ensure the identification of welfare states and the assessment of the classi

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Lavengood, Zachary. "China and the 21st Century Arctic: Opportunities and Limitations." American Studies in Scandinavia 54, no. 2 (2022): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v54i2.6741.

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In 2018 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) released its Arctic policy and articulated its position, principles, and goals as a “near-Arctic state.” In the years since, China has become a central focus of the growing academic and professional discourse surrounding the emerging Arctic and has positioned itself as a consequential actor in regional affairs. This article examines the opportunities and limitations for China in the High North by focusing on its four key drivers for Arctic engagement: resource extraction, international shipping, scientific pursuits, and international prestige. This

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Zavyalova, O.I. "Chinese language: terminology in the 21st century." East Asia: Facts and Analytics, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.24411/2686-7702-2020-10019.

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The past and present diversity of the Chinese-speaking world, as well as different history of Sinological studies, in particular, in Russia and in the West, caused the appearance of a complicated varying terminology used in modern Chinese linguistics. The term 国语 guóyǔ “state language” (“national language”) was officially introduced for Chinese at the beginning of the 20th century, but in the PRC it was replaced by a more “democratic” word 普通话 pǔtōnghuà “common language” (“common speech”, “Standard Mandarin”

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Macková, Zuzana. "Wither the social security and the welfare state in the 21st century - A relic or necessity?" Bratislava Law Review 2, no. 2 (2018): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2018.2.2.114.

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Article provides for an overview of core terms, definitions and recent developments in the area of social rights and social security in context of Central and Eastern Europe, with focus on Slovakia. It advocates for protection of social standards through the universalist, social-democratic model of welfare state, in order to uphold and enhance democracy and human rights in the region, with a view of their genuine, daily realisation and enjoyment by everyone and all.

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McDonagh, Eileen L. "The “Welfare Rights State” and the “Civil Rights State”: Policy Paradox and State Building in the Progressive Era." Studies in American Political Development 7, no. 2 (1993): 225–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00001103.

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An enduring contribution of the new institutionalism is its affirmation of the significance of the Progressive era. As a result, we have learned not only how the “big bang” explosion of welfare legislation in the New Deal rests upon structures and precedents set in the early twentieth-century decades, but also how this early reform period continues to influence contemporary policies and politics. Alan Dawley, Bruce Ackerman, and Morton Keller, for example, point to an activist state established in the Progressive era to check a laissez-faire governing system as the foundation of subsequent New

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Nafi'ah, Hafidzotun, and Agung Setiyawan. "Psycholinguistics in 21st Century Arabic Language Learning." Kalamuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 5, no. 1 (2024): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52593/klm.05.1.08.

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This research is motivated by Arabic language learning activities which cannot be separated from language activities. Therefore, learning Arabic is not enough just linguistics, but also needs to study mental state or mind, namely psychology. The science of psycholinguistics was born, which is a combination of language and mental science. This research uses a type of library research, the data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings of this study show that psycholinguistics covers language learning strategies as well as the phenomena of language acquisition and learning. Similar to th

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Rudskoi, A. I., and G. E. Kodzhaspirov. "History and current state of metallurgy in St. Petersburg." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 5 (2024): 500–508. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-5-500-508.

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Development of the metallurgical industry in St. Petersburg played an outstanding role in the history of world and domestic science and technology. The founding fathers of domestic metallurgy: D.K. Chernov and his contemporaries had such a strong influence on the development of metal science that metallurgical science in Russia continued to develop successfully throughout the century and achieved impressive results in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century both in theoretical and in applied areas. However, the history of metallurgy in St. Petersburg wasn’t systematically covere

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Rutgers, Mark. "The Prince, His Welfare State, and its Administration." Public Voices 4, no. 3 (2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.304.

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The philosophy of Chistiaan Von Wolff (1679-1754) provided the foundations for administrative thought throughout the eighteenth century. He is an important representative of the idea the Enlightened State. It is surprising that an author so fundamental for the development of the administrative discourse has become so completely forgotten in the history of the field. Due to the philosopher Immanuel Kant, Wolff became a reviled and forgotten author. It can, however, be argued that Wolff lays the foundations for liberal ideas in the 19th century and many present-day concepts in the field. His wo

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Thane, Pat. "The Origins of the British Welfare State." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 50, no. 3 (2019): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01448.

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George Boyer’s The Winding Road to the Welfare State, which traces the shift in Britain from the early nineteenth-century Poor Law to the post-1945 welfare state, is strongest and most useful in its analysis of the labor market in relation to poverty and insecurity and in its precise quantification of wages, poverty, insecurity, and public relief. It is much weaker when discussing how politics and public opinion shaped social policies; overlooking important areas of British state welfare, the book focuses upon unemployment and old-age policies. Nor is the book really about “Britain.” Most of t

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Brown, Brenda, Noemí Giosa Zuazúa, and Corina Rodríguez Enríquez. "The Labor Market and Gender during the 20th Century: An Analysis of the Causes of the Feminization of Welfare Policy in Argentina." Revista de Estudios Sociales, no. 88 (April 8, 2024): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/res88.2024.05.

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This article delves into the intricate relationship between the evolution of Argentina’s labor market, particularly the historical inclusion of women, and the contours of contemporary social welfare policies for female recipients. Set against the backdrop of a decades-long crisis in employment and income, especially affecting low-income families and women tasked with caregiving responsibilities, the article posits the hypothesis that the trend of feminization in social welfare policies partly stems from the pauperization of Argentina’s labor market in the latter part of the 20th century and th

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Uljaeva, Shohistaxon, and Nodira Alimuhamedova. "STUDYING THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN THROUGH DIGITAL HUMANITIES." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 3 (2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-4-2.

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The 21st century is an important information age for the information society.In developed countries, digital technology is widely used in all areas. These parallel processes provide important opportunities for liberalizing human life, the state and society, saving time and money, and quickly and efficiently performing each task.

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YUN, Yong Seon. "Migration Exhibition at the German Museum of the 21st Century." Korean Society for European Integration 14, no. 1 (2023): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32625/kjei.2023.29.179.

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This paper critically analyzes the migration exhibition of the German Museum of Modern History. In German society, which is facing demographic problems such as population decline and aging, the number of people with immigration and migration backgrounds is increasing, approaching 30% of the German population. As a result, Germany without migrants today cannot be als well imagined as existed. However, despite the reality, the Museum of Modern History in Germany still remains in a space where the narratives of one country's history centered on the nation-state are displayed. Museums exhibiting 2

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Ashford, Douglas E. "The Whig Interpretation of the Welfare State." Journal of Policy History 1, no. 1 (1989): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600004589.

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Butterfield's well-known warning to historians may hold important lessons for the analysis of the contemporary welfare state. In his view, the Whig historians distorted history by interpreting the past in terms of the present. They allowed themselves to become “dispensers of moral judgments” by dividing the world into the friends and enemies of progress. Many contemporary explanations of welfare states pose the same problem, not so much because social science intentionally excludes the past, but because the search for rigorous empirical explanations of our present choices and accomplishments i

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