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1

Limited, Schlumberger. Log interpretation principles/applications. Houston: Schlumberger Educational Services, 1991.

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2

Doveton, John H. Geologic log interpretation: Reading the rocks from wireline logs. Tulsa, Okla: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), 1994.

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3

Bassiouni, Zaki. Theory, measurement, and interpretation of well logs. Richardson, TX: Henry L. Doherty Memorial Fund of AIME, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994.

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4

The geological interpretation of well logs. 2nd ed. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., 1997.

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5

The geological interpretation of well logs. 2nd ed. Caithness: Whittles Publishing, 1996.

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6

The geological interpretation of well logs. Glasgow: Blackie, 1986.

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7

The geological interpretation of well logs. 2nd ed. Sutherland: Rider-French Consulting, 2002.

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8

The geological interpretation of well logs. Glasgow [Strathclyde]: Blackie, 1986.

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9

Sah, S. L. Encyclopaedia of petroleum science and engineering: Well logs interpretation, and fundamentals of palynology. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2008.

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10

Strom, Eric W. Hydrogeologic interpretations of natural-gamma logs for 31 shallow wells in the Memphis, Tennessee, area. Jackson, Miss: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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11

"und so lag die Welt erhellt in wahrerem Licht, und ich erwachte": Die Theologie der Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, eine Sprache des Unerhörten. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2001.

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12

Hilchie, Douglas W. Advanced Well Log Interpretation. 2nd ed. Society of Petroleum, 1989.

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13

Brock, Jim. Analyzing Your Logs: Advanced Open Hole Log Interpretation. Petro Media, 1985.

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14

Serra, Oberto. Fundamentals of Well-Log Interpretation : The Interpretation of Logging Data. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1987.

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15

Hilchie, Douglas W. Old Electrical Log Interpretation: (Pre-1958) (Aapg Methods in Exploration Series). American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2003.

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16

Fundamentals of Well-Log Interpretation - 2. The Interpretation of Logging Data. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7361(08)x7031-1.

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17

(Editor), Norman H. Foster, and Edward A. Beaumont (Editor), eds. Formation Evaluation II: Log Interpretation (AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology Reprint Series, No. 17). American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1990.

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18

Rider, Malcolm H. Geological Interpretation of Well Logs, the. Whittles Publishing Services, 1999.

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19

Rider, M. H. The Geological Interpretation of Well Logs. Whittles Publishing, 1991.

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20

The Geological Interpretation of Well Logs. Scottish Book Source, 2011.

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21

Bassiouni, Zaki. Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation of Well Logs. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555630560.

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An indispensable tool, Theory, Measurement and Interpretation of Well Logs introduces the three primary phases of well-logging technology to engineering and geosciences students. This text offers an in-depth study of the electric, radioactive, and acoustic properties of sedimentary rocks. Mathematical and empirical models relate a formation property of interest to the property measured with the logging tool. Openhole logging techniques are covered, along with concepts of traditional and modern tools.
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22

Hill, A. Daniel. Production Logging: Theoretical and Interpretive Elements. 2nd ed. Society of Petroleum EngineersRichardson, Texas, USA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781613998243.

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Now available in a new Second Edition, Production Logging: Theoretical and Interpretive Elements is the “must have” reference for petroleum engineers faced with obtaining and interpreting production logs. Readers will learn how to determine which log or combination of logs to run, the procedures to follow to obtain the most information and how to make initial interpretations of commonly used production logs. With the changes in technology since the First Edition, a full chapter has been added on the topic of production logging in nominally horizontal wells along with new information on well completion logs.
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23

Skupio, Rafał. Zastosowanie nieinwazyjnych pomiarów rdzeni wiertniczych do zwiększenia informacji na temat parametrów skał zbiornikowych. Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/pn2022.237.

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The research carried out in the monograph aimed to create a measurement and interpretation system which is to obtain reliable results of well logging with the accuracy of laboratory measurements. Continuous core measurements allow for the generation of logging results without the impact of the borehole and facilitate the depth matching of the core to well log data. Four main chapters can be distinguished in this work: research methodology with a description of the devices used; partial results of core measurements made on various types of rocks; a proposal for a research system, and comprehensive data interpretation for selected boreholes. The methodological part concerned the description of the equipment for continuous measurements of cores in the field of natural gamma radioactivity (K, U, Th) with the application for bulk density measurements using the gamma-gamma method, X-ray fl uorescence spectrometers (XRF) for measuring the chemical composition of rocks and computed tomography (CT) for imaging of the core structure as well as determination of radiological density in Hounsfi eld units (HU). Rock studies were carried out on material representing formations of diff erent lithologies, such as shales, sandstones, limestones, dolomites, anhydrite, siltstones and heterolithic sandstone-siltstone-claystone complexes. The results of measurements made using individual methods have been described in detail and compared with the results of laboratory measurements and well logging data. Test measurements with data processing and interpretation were made on the cores from five boreholes (T-1, O-4, Pt-1, L-7, P-5H), whereas a comprehensive interpretation of the results was carried out for three other boreholes (J-1, P-4, T-2). The new methodology of spectral gamma measurements made it possible to obtain precise concentrations of potassium, uranium and thorium in rocks with high and low radioactivity. The results made it possible to standardise the archival gamma-ray logs made with the Russian-type probes from imp/min to API standard units and to obtain data on the content of K, U, and Th in the core intervals. Using the Cs-137 source in the device for the gamma equipment made it possible to carry out measurements of the bulk density in g/cm3 units. The lithological interpretation based on XRF measurements and mineralogical-chemical models allowed to obtain logs with increased resolution and a more signifi cant number of minerals than was the case with the interpretation of the well logging. In addition, it has been shown that the XRF measurement methodology can be used during the geosteering procedure. The results of the core tests using the CT computed tomography method were presented in combined images and continuous curves of density in HU units. The experience and the presentation of the full scope of measurement and interpretation workflow allowed to propose a procedure for conducting a full range of analyses, considering various types of material provided for research. The procedure considers the full range of analyses as well as the measurements of selected parameters depending on the client’s needs. Keywords: petrophysics, core analyses, XRF spectrometry, computed tomography, gamma profiling, lithological interpretation
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24

Gill, Kristina M., Mikael Fauvelle, and Jon M. Erlandson, eds. An Archaeology of Abundance. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056166.001.0001.

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An Archaeology of Abundance focuses on the archaeology and historical ecology of a series of islands located off the Pacific Coast of Alta and Baja California, from the Channel Islands to Cedros Island. Compared to the adjacent mainland, these islands have long been considered marginal habitats for ancient hunter-gatherers, beginning with accounts of early Spanish explorers and by later naturalists, scientists, and government agents, as well as the anthropologists and archaeologists who followed. This perception of marginality has greatly influenced our interpretation of a variety of archaeological issues including the antiquity of first settlement; the productivity of island floras, freshwater, and mineral resources; human population density; and the nature of regional exchange, wealth, and power networks. Recent advances in archaeological and historical ecological research, combined with field observations of recovering ecosystems suggest that the California Islands may not have been the marginal habitats they once appeared to be. Severe overgrazing and overfishing during historic times heavily impacted local ecosystems, which are now recovering under modern management, conservation, and restoration practices. While older models developed through the perspective of island marginality may hold true for certain resources or islands, it is important to reconsider our interpretations of past and present archaeological data, and reevaluate long-held assumptions, given these new insights. Ultimately, a reexamination of the effects of perceived marginality on the history of archaeological interpretations on California's islands may have broad implications for other island archipelagos worldwide.
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25

Harrison, Stephen, Fiona Macintosh, and Helen Eastman, eds. Seamus Heaney and the Classics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805656.001.0001.

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The death of Seamus Heaney in 2013 is an appropriate point to honour the Irish poet’s contribution to classical reception in modern poetry in English; this is the first volume dedicated to that subject, though occasional essays have appeared in the past. The volume comprises literary criticism by scholars of classical reception and literature in English, and has some input from critics who are also poets and from theatre practitioners on their interpretations and productions of Heaney’s versions of Greek drama; it combines well-known names with early-career contributors, and friends and collaborators of Heaney with those who admired him from afar. The papers focus on two main areas: Heaney’s fascination with Greek drama and myth, shown primarily in his two Sophoclean versions but also in his engagement with Hesiod, with Aeschylus’ Agamemnon, and with myths such as that of Antaeus, and his interest in Latin poetry, primarily in Virgil but also in Horace. A number of the papers cover the same material, but from different angles; for example, Heaney’s interest in Virgil is linked with the traditions of Irish poetry, his capacity as a translator, and his annotations in his own text of a standard translation, as well as being investigated in its long development over his poetic career, while his Greek dramas are considered as verbal poetry, as comments on Irish politics, and as stage-plays with concomitant issues of production and interpretation. Heaney’s posthumous translation of Aeneid VI comes in for considerable attention, and this will be the first volume to study this major work.
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26

Poston, Steven W., and Bobby D. Poe. Analysis of Production Decline Curves. Society of Petroleum EngineersRichardson, Texas, USA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555631444.

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Long ago, engineers recognized the characteristic decline of oil and gas well performance and attempted to predict its course by fitting equations to the production history. This book covers the production characteristics and associated interpretation analyses of petroleum reservoirs in a complete, thorough, and consistent manner. Production decline-curve analyses are the most widely used tool in the industry for oil and gas reservoir production analyses. This book will serve as an authoritative reference on modern production decline-curve analyses, including details of some recent advances in the technology.
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27

Dalbeth, Nicola. Introduction to gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748311.003.0001.

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Gout is a chronic condition of monosodium urate crystal deposition. It is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in adults, and leads to recurrent flares of severe joint damage and musculoskeletal disability. Although treatment targets are well defined, gout management is currently poor, with low levels of treatment targets achieved. The last decade has seen major advances in the understanding and treatment of gout. This handbook summarizes key scientific advances, including new insights into mechanisms of hyperuricaemia, acute gouty arthritis, and joint damage. Principles of gout diagnosis and management are discussed in detail, with practical information about use of well-established agents and also newer therapies. Gout-specific research tools are outlined to assist clinicians with interpretation of the latest scientific literature in gout. Future strategies for improved gout management are also discussed.
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28

Colpan, Asli M., and Takashi Hikino. The Evolutionary Dynamics of Diversified Business Groups in the West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717973.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the historical origins, evolutionary paths, and long-term resilience of diversified business groups in the economies of Western Europe, North America, and Oceania from the nineteenth century to the present. In examining the developmental dynamics of diversified business groups in those economies, it aims to propose a new interpretation of the long-term evolution of large business enterprises in different market and institutional settings. The chapter suggests that diversified business groups are not simply transitional and second-best organizations that worked well only at the early phase of modern economic growth and will not necessarily become an obstacle for dynamic industrial development as the economies mature. Instead, as the business groups flexibly co-evolve with changing market and institutional environments, they can stay on as a viable model for business organizations even in developed markets.
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29

Briggs, Andrew, Hans Halvorson, and Andrew Steane. Biological evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808282.003.0012.

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The chapter discusses the history of life on Earth, and the lessons to be learned from the neo-Darwinian synthesis of evolutionary biology. The long and complex sequence of events in the evolutionary history of life on Earth requires considered interpretation. The neo-Darwinian synthesis is well-supported by evidence and gives rich insight into this process, but does not itself furnish a complete explanation or understanding of living things. This is because a process of exploration can only explore; it cannot fully dictate and can only partially constrain what type of thing will be found. What is found is constrained by other considerations, such as what is possible, and what can make sense. A brief critique of some of Richard Dawkins’ work is given, and also of the movement known as ‘Intelligent Design’. Education policy is well served by a fair appraisal of informed opinion in this area.
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30

Buhlmann, Ulrike, and Andrea S. Hartmann. Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0022.

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According to current cognitive-behavioral models, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a vicious cycle between maladaptive appearance-related thoughts and information-processing biases, as well as maladaptive behaviors and negative emotions such as feelings of shame, disgust, anxiety, and depression. This chapter provides an overview of findings on cognitive characteristics such as dysfunctional beliefs, information-processing biases for threat (e.g., selective attention, interpretation), and implicit associations (e.g., low self-esteem, strong physical attractiveness stereotype, and high importance of attractiveness). The chapter also reviews face recognition abnormalities and emotion recognition deficits and biases (e.g., misinterpreting neutral faces as angry) as well as facial discrimination ability. These studies suggest that BDD is associated with dysfunctional beliefs about one’s own appearance, information-processing biases, emotion recognition deficits and biases, and selective processing of appearance-related information. Future steps to stimulate more research and clinical implications are discussed.
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31

Korkeila, Maarit, Bengt Lindholm, and Peter Stenvinkel. The obese patient (metabolic syndrome). Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0168.

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Overweight and obesity cause pathophysiological changes in renal function and increase the risk for chronic kidney disease in otherwise healthy subjects. This should not be a surprise as the risk factors for metabolic syndrome largely overlap with those for chronic kidney disease. Intentional weight loss has beneficial effects on risk factors, but long term effects are less clear. Bariatric surgery does seem to achieve rapid benefits on blood pressure and proteinuria as well as on other aspects of metabolic syndrome, but its long term implications for kidney function are less clear cut as there may be an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and possibly AKI and other complications.Obesity in haemodialysis patients is one of those paradoxical examples of reverse epidemiology where a factor associated with negative outcomes in the general population is associated with better outcomes in dialysis patients. The same is true for high blood cholesterol values. Interpretation is complicated by complex competing outcomes and confounders.
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32

Oliva, Aude, and Philippe G. Schyns. Hybrid Image Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0111.

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Artists, designers, photographers, and visual scientists are routinely looking for ways to create, out of a single image, the feeling that there is more to see than what meets the eye. Many well-known visual illusions are dual in nature, causing the viewer to experience two different interpretations of the same image. Hybrid images illustrate a double-image illusion, where different images are perceived depending on viewing distance, viewing duration, or image size: one that appears when the image is viewed up-close (displaying high spatial frequencies) and another that appears from afar (showing low spatial frequencies). This method can be used to create compelling dual images in which the observer experiences different percepts when interacting with the image.
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33

Harding, Dennis. Rewriting History. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817734.001.0001.

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‘Every generation re-writes history in its own way’. Re-writing History applies Collingwood’s dictum to a series of topics and themes, some of which have been central to prehistoric and protohistoric archaeology for the past century or more, while some have been triggered by more recent changes in technology or social attitudes. Some issues are highly controversial, like the proposals for the Stonehenge World Heritage sites. Others challenge long-held popular myths, like the deconstruction of the Celts and by extension the Picts. Yet some traditional tenets of scholarship have gone unchallenged for too long, like the classical definition of civilization itself. But why should it matter? Surely it is in the order of things that each generation rejects received wisdom and adopts ideas that are radical or might offend previous generations? Is this not simply symptomatic of healthy and vibrant debate? Or are there grounds for believing that current changes are of a more disquieting character, denying the basic assumptions of rational argument and freedom of enquiry and expression that have been the foundation of western scholarship since the eighteenth century Enlightenment? Re-writing History addresses contemporary concerns about information and its interpretation, including issues of misinformation and airbrushing of politically-incorrect history. Its subject matter is the archaeology of prehistoric and early historic Britain, and the changes witnessed over two centuries and more in the interpretation of the archaeological heritage by changes in the prevailing political and social as well as intellectual climate. Far from being topics of concern only to academics in ivory towers, the way in which seemingly innocuous issues such as cultural diffusion or social reconstruction in the remote past are studied and presented reflects important shifts in contemporary thinking that challenge long-accepted conventions of free speech and debate.
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34

Lee, Won W., ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Korea. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190916916.001.0001.

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Korean Christianity is known around the world for rapid growth, conservative theological orientation, participation in political struggles (Japanese occupation, divided into two Koreas, military dictatorships), and missionary spirit, as well as schism, materialism, and secularization. This reputation is intimately and inextricably tied to how faith communities in Korea and Korean diaspora use the Bible in their religiocultural, sociopolitical, and immigrant contexts. In this Handbook, noted theologically diverse scholars offer representative thinking on creative inculturations of the Bible in Korea. Some conservatively align with received Western orthodoxy. Others have a sense of complementarity that informs distinctive accents of Korean Christianity, the long-standing religious traditions of Korea, the diversity of Korea’s global diaspora, and the learning of non-Koreans attentive to the impact of the Bible in Korea. Together, this volume presents an exquisite tapestry of Korean biblical interpretation in the making.
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35

Solga, Kim. Shakespeare’s Property Ladder. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.42.

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Shakespeare ‘owners’ in the British cultural marketplace have long been the powerful male actors, artistic directors, and theatre reviewers who function as arbiters of ‘good’ acting, directing, and interpretation of Shakespeare. This chapter excavates the conservative political framework that has historically limited the experiences of women directing Shakespeare in the UK. How does an unspoken but deeply entrenched and gendered sense of who knows Shakespeare well enough to advocate on ‘His’ behalf determine what opportunities do, or do not, come women’s way? What does that powerful sense of knowledge and ownership reveal about the gendered expectations that still accrue to the work of women directors of Shakespeare? Is the landscape shifting, and if so how? What strategies might feminist directors such as Katie Mitchell use to make way for women’s engagement with Shakespeare on feminism’s own terms, and to build a critical consensus around the legitimacy of their work?
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36

Charnavel, Isabelle. Locality and Logophoricity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190902100.001.0001.

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Anaphors such as English herself, French elle-même, and Mandarin ziji are usually claimed to obey locality requirements stated by Condition A of Binding Theory. But we observe that in various languages, the same anaphors can be exempt from these locality requirements under certain conditions. The goal of this book is to describe and explain this widespread dual behavior of anaphors on the basis of French, English, Mandarin, Korean, and Icelandic. First, several strategies are proposed for distinguishing between the two possible behaviors of anaphors. Plain instances of anaphors require local and exhaustive binding, as well as sloppy readings in ellipsis. Exempt instances of anaphors, however, only require a logophorical interpretation, that is, to occur in phrases expressing the first-personal, mental perspective of their antecedent. Second, a new theory of exempt anaphora is proposed, which consists in deriving all properties distinguishing exempt from plain anaphors to one: the presence of a silent, syntactically represented logophoric operator introducing a local, perspectival binder for superficially exempt anaphors. This hypothesis parsimoniously reduces exempt to plain anaphors obeying Condition A, thus directly accounting for the cross-linguistically widespread morphological identity of plain and exempt anaphors. Under this proposal, the reason why exempt anaphors appear to escape locality requirements is that their binder is implicit, and their mandatory logophoric interpretation derives from the nature of this binder. Finally, several diagnostics are provided for testing the hypothesis that so-called long-distance anaphors can be analyzed just like exempt instances of anaphors.
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37

Kuypers, Dirk R. J., and Maarten Naesens. Immunosuppression. Edited by Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0281_update_001.

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Combination immunosuppressive therapy produces excellent short-term results after kidney transplantation. Long-term graft survival has improved, but less dramatically. Death with a functioning graft remains the primary cause of graft loss. Dosing of current immunosuppressive therapy balances between careful clinical interpretation of time-driven immunological risk assessments and drug-related toxicity on the one hand, and the use of simple surrogate drug exposure indicators like blood/plasma concentrations on the other. The combined use of calcineurin-inhibitors (CNIs) with mycophenolic acids and corticosteroids has been fine-tuned over the last decade, based on empirically derived observations as well as on the results of large multicentre randomized clinical studies. Corticosteroid withdrawal and avoidance are feasible, at least in patients with a low immunological risk, but CNI-free protocols have had few long-term successes. Some minimization strategies have increased risk of developing acute rejection or (donor-specific) anti-HLA antibodies, with deleterious effects on the graft. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) have shown limited benefit in early CNI replacement regimens and their long-term use as primary drug is hampered by intolerance. In the setting of particular malignant disease occurring after transplantation, such as squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and Kaposi’s sarcoma, mTORi seem promising. Induction agents (anti-interleukin 2 receptor monoclonal antibodies, antithymocyte globulins) effectively diminish the risk of early immunological graft loss in recipients with moderate to high immunological risk but at the price of more infectious or malignant complications. While personalized transplantation medicine is only in its early stages of development, attempts are made to quantitatively measure the clinical degree of immunosuppression, to tailor immunosuppressive therapy more specifically to the patient’s individual profile, and to monitor graft status by use of invasive (e.g. surveillance renal biopsies) and non-invasive biomarkers. These scientific endeavours are a necessity to further optimize the current immunosuppressive therapy which will remain for some time to come.
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38

Lecourt, Sebastian. History’s Second-Hand Bookshop. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812494.003.0004.

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This chapter argues that George Eliot too conflated religion with race as a resource for secular individualism, but also that she thought more deeply about what consequences this move held for a major liberal keyword: reading. Eliot’s The Spanish Gypsy (1868) and Daniel Deronda (1876) both stage a character’s recuperation of ethnic inheritance (Gypsy and Jewish, respectively) but only in Deronda does this recuperation successfully yield a many-sided individuality. This is because, as Eliot sees it, Judaism’s scriptural dimension allows one to fashion an idiosyncratic relationship to its racial history. Yet this valorization of scripture as the site at which one can personalize one’s relationship to tradition also runs up against Eliot’s long-standing wariness toward Protestant private interpretation—a fact that Deronda tries to get around by evaluating characters, not according to how well they interpret texts, but by how they relate to books as material metonyms of the past.
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39

Offen, Karen. Before Beauvoir, Before Butler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608811.003.0002.

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This chapter reveals and documents a centuries-old but long forgotten history of pioneering French thought about “genre masculin/genre féminin” (which we refer to in English as gender) that alludes not strictly to grammar but specifically to the social construction of sex. The recuperation of this history antedates the publications of Simone de Beauvoir and, later, Judith Butler. It suggests that Beauvoir’s famous sentence in Le deuxième sexe, whose interpretation is the subject of this book’s essays, fits into a venerable French tradition of acknowledging the social construction of masculinity and femininity, or the male/female dichotomy. Nevertheless, it was received by Anglophone intellectuals, especially feminist intellectuals of the 1960s–1970s, as a startling innovation. Indeed, it may well be that the notion of “gender/genre” is not an unwelcome American invention, as the French have stated in recent years, but Anglophone writers initially appropriated the notion from this older French usage.
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40

Kingdom, Frederick A. A. When Light Looks Like Paint. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0051.

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This chapter describes misperceptions of light Occasionally, nonuniform illumination such as a cast shadow, shading, or a spotlight appears to be paint or stain, or even a familiar object: in short, light appears to be “material.” Artists have for a long time been interested in how people distinguish material from illumination in their search for ways to depict shadows and shading, and vision scientists have devoted much effort to understanding how vision distinguishes material from illumination using carefully crafted laboratory stimuli. In this chapter examples are described from the natural visual world as well as from art. The chapter argues that such misperceptions are rational interpretations made by vision when the normal rules for the occurrence of spatially nonuniform illumination are violated. Concepts covered include terminology. Mach card, Hering’s shadow illusion, the Gelb effect, shadow art illusion, chromatic shadow illusion, and shadows that appear as objects.
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41

Bassi, Shaul. The Tragedies in Italy. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.42.

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This chapter describes the cultural translation of Shakespearean tragedy in Italy as a long and difficult process that took place alongside the equally protracted establishment of the country as a unified state in the nineteenth century. Shakespeare came to Italy initially mediated by translations and critical interpretations made in France and Germany; and to begin with literary debates about his work took precedence over theatrical performances. Reworking Shakespeare for Italian culture meant retranslating Italian plots and materials, as a number of the plays have Italian settings. It also meant dealing with tragedy as a genre (tragedy) that, since Dante’s DivineComedy, had been at best secondary. As well as reviewing the plays’ own performance history, various kinds of adaptation (including opera, music and painting) and the leading role played by actors in promulgating Shakespeare (such as Tommaso Salvini, Eleonora Duse, and Carmelo Bene) are analysed.
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42

Pfeifer, Michael. The Making of American Catholicism. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479829453.001.0001.

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The Making of American Catholicism: Regional Culture and the Catholic Experience argues that regional and transnational relationships have been central to the making of American Catholicism. The book traces the development of Catholic cultures in the South, the Midwest, the West, and the Northeast and their contribution to larger patterns of Catholicism in the United States. Exploring the history of Catholic cultures in New Orleans, Iowa, Wisconsin, Los Angeles, and New York City, the book carefully explores the history of American Catholic cultures across regions and their relation to factors such as national origin, ethnicity, race, and gender. The chapters include close analysis of the historical experiences of Latinx and African American Catholics as well as European immigrant Catholics. Eschewing a national or nationalistic focus that might elide or neglect global connections or local complexity, the book offers an interpretation of the American Catholic experience that encompasses local, national, and transnational histories by emphasizing the diverse origins of Catholics in the United States, their long-standing ties to transnational communities of Catholic believers, and the role of region in shaping the contours of American Catholic religiosity. Drawing on extensive archival research, the book argues that regional American Catholic cultures and a larger American Catholicism developed as transnational Catholic laity and clergy ecclesiastically linked to and by Rome in a hierarchical, authoritarian, and communalistic “universal Church” creatively adapted their devotional and ideological practices in particular American regional contexts that emphasized notions of republicanism, religious liberty, individualistic capitalism, race, ethnicity, and gender.
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43

Langellotti, Micaela, and D. W. Rathbone. Village Institutions in Egypt in the Roman to Early Arab Periods. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266779.001.0001.

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This volume is the first to survey village institutions in Egypt during the first eight centuries AD, from the beginning of Roman rule to the early Arab period. Despite the many studies of society and administration in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, there are no general studies of village institutions or communities in any one period, let alone in a long-term perspective, or integrated investigation of their relationship to the wider state. This volume, which represents a first response to fill this gap in the current scholarship, aims to demonstrate that Egypt is a particularly productive place to develop study of this subject because the rich documentary evidence of the papyri, a large majority of which comes from village sites, permits us both to study specific topics in detail by place and time, as the eleven papers of this volume do, and also to make comparisons across a long chronological period. These comparisons across time are beneficial because they raise questions about changing patterns and perspectives of the surviving documents, which may skew interpretation, and enable us to outline what seem to emerge as recurrent issues in the power-relationships between central and regional authorities and the rural population, as well as some preliminary indications of the trends in those developments across our period.
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44

Leigh, Fiona, ed. Themes in Plato, Aristotle, and Hellenistic Philosophy: Keeling Lectures 2011-18. University of London Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/121.9781905670932.

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The present volume collects together papers based on the annual Keeling Memorial Lecture in ancient philosophy given at University College London, over 2011-18 (and one from 2004, previously unpublished). It contains contributions to theoretical as well as practical ancient philosophy, and in some cases, to both. Susanne Bobzien argues that Frege plagiarised the Stoics in respect of logic, Gail Fine compares uses of doxa and epistêmê in the Phaedo to contemporary notions of belief and knowledge, David Sedley offers a novel interpretation of ‘safe’ causal explanation in the Phaedo, and Gábor Betegh understands the ingredients of the soul in the Timaeus as structuring thought and speech. Dorothea Frede presents new considerations against a ‘particularist’ reading of Aristotle’s ethics, Lesley Brown examines the role of agreement in establishing what is just and the correctness of names in Plato, and Gisela Striker gives an analysis of the role of Stoic therapy in the good life. A. A. Long details a new reading of divinity in the Republic that reveals the Good as the essence of the divine, and Malcolm Schofield explores the tension between unfettered theoretical debate and the demand of determinacy in practical philosophy in Cicero.
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45

Yen, Brandon C. 'The Excursion' and Wordsworth's Iconography. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941336.001.0001.

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This book considers William Wordsworth’s use of iconography in his long poem The Excursion (1814). Through this iconographical approach, it steers a middle course between The Excursion’s two very different interpretative traditions, the one focusing upon the poem’s abstraction, the other upon its touristic realism. The author explores Wordsworth’s iconography in The Excursion by tracing cultural and political allusions and correspondences in an abundance of post-1789 and earlier verbal and pictorial sources, as well as in Wordsworth’s own prose and poetry, especially The Prelude. Particular attention is paid to the complex ways in which The Excursion’s iconographical images contribute to – and also impose limitations upon – the overarching preoccupations of Wordsworth’s writings: the themes of paradise lost and paradise regained in the post-revolutionary context. This study thus revises New Historicist accounts of Wordsworth’s evasion of history by investigating the capacity of apparently ‘collateral’ images to respond to weighty arguments. In elucidating this vital aspect of Wordsworth’s poetic method, it reveals the visual etymologies – together with the nuances and rhetorical capacities – of five categories of images: envisioning, rooting, dwelling, flowing, and reflecting.
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46

Escolar, Marisa. Allied Encounters. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284504.001.0001.

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Allied Encounters: The Gendered Redemption of World War II Italy is the first-ever monograph to analyze cultural representations of Allied-occupied Italy, one of the war’s most unstable spaces. While the U.S. military viewed itself as a redemptive force, competing narratives emerged in the Italian imaginary. Both national paradigms, however, are deeply entangled with the gendering of redemption long operative in Anglo-American and Italian discourse, emerging from a Dantean topos that depicts Italy as a whore in need of redemption. Tracing the formation of these gendered paradigms and pointing to their intersection with sexualized and racialized identities, this book examines literary, cinematic, and military representations of the soldier-civilian encounter, by Anglo-Americans and Italians, set in two major occupied cities, Naples and Rome. Informed by the historical context as well as their respective representational traditions, these texts—produced during and in the immediate aftermath—become more than mirrors of the intercultural encounter or generic allegories about U.S.–Italian relations. Instead, they are sites in which to explore other repressed traumas—including the Holocaust, the American Civil War, and European colonialism, as well as individual traumatic events like the massacre of the Fosse Ardeatine and the mass civilian rape near Rome by colonial soldiers— that inform how the occupation unfolded and is remembered. In addition to challenging canonical interpretations of emblematic texts, this book introduces several little-known diaries, novels, and guidebooks.
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Sullivan, Vickie B. Machiavelli's Three Romes. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747847.001.0001.

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Niccolò Machiavelli's ambiguous treatment of religion has fueled a contentious and long-standing debate among scholars. Whereas some insist that Machiavelli is a Christian, others maintain he is a pagan. This book mediates between these divergent views by arguing that he is neither but that he utilizes elements of both understandings arrayed in a wholly new way. The book begins with an introduction that shows how Niccolò Machiavelli's account of a new Rome points to the tremendous impact that he believes Christianity has had and can have on politics. In order to overcome the politically deleterious consequences of Christianity and the pagan beliefs that engendered it, as well as to forestall the rise of another tyranny of its magnitude, Machiavelli appeals to certain Christian doctrines to support his vision of an earthly discipline that exercises the strength that he views as essential to sustain political life. In so doing, he creates a wholly temporal interpretation of Christianity. Machiavelli finds that Christianity exerts a type of tyrannical rule over human beings, one that deprives them of their honor, dignity, and power. It is this domination from which Machiavelli endeavors to liberate them. The book concludes Machiavelli intends to allow human beings what they have been denied for so long: honor and glory for their earthly exploits. He endeavors to replace the divine and natural realms with the human one. The book shows Machiavelli's thought to be a highly original response to what he understood to be the crisis of his times.
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48

Jemielniak, Dariusz. Thick Big Data. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198839705.001.0001.

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The social sciences are becoming datafied. The questions that have been considered the domain of sociologists, now are answered by data scientists, operating on large datasets, and breaking with the methodological tradition for better or worse. The traditional social sciences, such as sociology or anthropology, are thus under the double threat of becoming marginalized or even irrelevant; both because of the new methods of research, which require more computational skills, and because of the increasing competition from the corporate world, which gains an additional advantage based on data access. However, sociologists and anthropologists still have some important assets, too. Unlike data scientists, they have a long history of doing qualitative research. The more quantified datasets we have, the more difficult it is to interpret them without adding layers of qualitative interpretation. Big Data needs Thick Data. This book presents the available arsenal of new tools for studying the society quantitatively, but also show the new methods of analysis from the qualitative side and encourages their combination. In shows that Big Data can and should be supplemented and interpreted through thick data, as well as cultural analysis, in a novel approach of Thick Big Data.The book is critically important for students and researchers in the social sciences to understand the possibilities of digital analysis, both in the quantitative and qualitative area, and successfully build mixed-methods approaches.
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Dierenfield, Bruce J., and David A. Gerber. Disability Rights and Religious Liberty in Education. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043208.001.0001.

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In 1988, Sandi and Larry Zobrest became agents in the struggle for disability rights when they sued a suburban Tucson, Arizona, school district to obtain public funding for the signed language interpreter their deaf son Jim needed in high school. Such funding would have been unproblematic under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (later retitled the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) if Jim went to a public high school, but they were intent on his attending a Roman Catholic school. The law was unclear on the legality of public money assisting students with disabilities to attend religiously affiliated schools, but it had long been a general principle of interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment in the U.S. Supreme Court that governments must be cautious about dispensing public resources to religious institutions. Their successful lawsuit represents a classic American clash of rights. This history of the Zobrests’ lawsuit begins well before they went to court. The narrative extends back to Jim’s birth in 1974, a pediatrician’s diagnosis of deafness, and the efforts of his parents, who are not deaf, to seek resources for their son’s education prior to high school. It analyzes their desire to mainstream Jim for preparation for life in the hearing world, not in the Deaf community, and the succession of choices they made to that end.
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Fitzmyer , S.J., Joseph A. The Acts of the Apostles. Yale University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780300261660.

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For anyone interested in the origins of Christianity, Joseph A. Fitzmyer's The Acts of the Apostles is indispensable. Beginning with the Ascension of Christ into heaven, and ending with Paul proclaiming the kingdom of God from a prison in Rome, this New Testament narrative picks up where the Gospel of Luke left off. The Acts of the Apostles is indeed a journey of nearly epic proportions--and one that requires a guide as adept as Fitzmyer. Since Acts was most likely written by the same person who composed the Gospel of Luke, it is only fitting that the Anchor Bible Commentaries on these New Testament books should be written by the same author. With The Acts of the Apostles, Fitzmyer gives readers the long-awaited companion to his two-volume commentary on the Gospel of Luke. The Four Gospels recount the life and teachings of Jesus, but only the book of the Acts of the Apostles tells the story of what happened after Jesus’ departure. In this second of St. Luke’s two-volume work, he picks up with Jesus saying farewell to his followers; then Luke tells the fast-paced story of the birth and growth of the early church. This narrative reads like a major breaking news story, with the apostles Peter and Paul as the main characters. The interpretation of Acts requires a scholar of the highest quality. As he demonstrates in The Acts of the Apostles, Joseph Fitzmyer not only is up to the task but establishes once again why he is ranked among the world’s top biblical scholars. Far from being a rehash of old ideas and well-rehearsed theories, Fitzmyer’s commentary distinguishes itself as the capstone of his career, with a new synthesis of all the relevant data from the Roman world to the present. He provides a thorough introduction to the background, text, and context of the book, as well as chapter-by-chapter notes and comments in which are offered insights and answers to questions that have long plagued preachers and parishioners, teachers and students. This commentary is destined to join Fitzmyer’s Anchor Bible commentaries on the Gospel According to Luke and the Epistle to the Romans as the most authoritative commentary available on Acts.
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