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1
Hue, Yik-Kiong. "Analysis of electromagnetic well-logging tools." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1143053776.
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Lee, Hwa Ok. "Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Well-Logging Sensors." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274981676.
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Banchs, Rafael Enrique. "Time harmonic field electric logging /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Johnson, Erik D. Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "High-energy photon transport modeling for oil-well logging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53266.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2009.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-122).<br>Nuclear oil well logging tools utilizing radioisotope sources of photons are used ubiquitously in oilfields throughout the world. Because of safety and security concerns, there is renewed interest in shifting to electronically-switchable accelerator sources. Investigation of accelerator sources opens up the opportunity to study higher-energy sources. In this thesis, sources with a 10 MeV endpoint are examined, a several-fold increase over traditional techniques. The properties of high-energy photon transport are investigated for potential new or improved well logging measurements. Two obvious processes available with a high-energy photon source are pair production and photo neutron emission. A new measurement of formation density is proposed based on the annihilation radiation produced after the pair production of high-energy source photons in the rock formation. With a detector spacing of 55 cm, this measurement exhibits a sensitivity to density with a dynamic range of 10 across a typical range of formation density (2.0 - 3.0 g/cc), the same as traditional measurements. Increases in depth of investigation for these measurements can substantially improve the sampling of the formation and thus the quality and relevance of the measurement. Being distributed in angle and space throughout the formation, a measurement based on anni-hilation photons exhibits a greater depth of investigation than traditional methods. For a detector spacing of 39 cm (equivalent to a typical spacing for one detector in traditional approaches), this measurement has a depth of investigation of 8.0 cm while the traditional measurement has a depth of investigation of 3.6 cm.<br>(cont.) For the 55 cm spacing, this depth is increased to 9.4 cm. Concerns remain for how to implement an accelerator source in which energy spectroscopy, essential for identifying an annihilation peak, is possible. Because pair production also depends on formation lithology, the effects of chemical composition on annihilation photon flux are small (<20 %) for the studied geometry. Additionally, lithology measurements based on attenuation at high energies show too small an effect to be likely to produce a useful measurement. Photoneutron production cross sections at this energy are too small to obtain a measurement based on this process.<br>by Eric D. Johnson.<br>Ph.D.
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Bristow, James F. "Physical and chemical characteristics of rocks from downhole measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336177.
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Jakaboski, Juan-Carlos. "Innovative Thermal Management of Electronics Used in Oil Well Logging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7255.
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The oil and gas industries use sophisticated logging tools during and after drilling. These logging tools employ internal electronics for sensing viscosity, pressure, temperature, and other important quantities. To protect the sensitive electronics, which typically have a maximum allowable temperature of 100 㬠they are shielded and insulated from the harsh external drilling environment. The insulation reduces the external heat input, but it also makes rejection of the heat generated within the electronics challenging. Electronic component failures promoted by elevated temperatures, and thermal stress, require a time consuming and expensive logging tool replacement process. Better thermal management of the electronics in logging tools promises to save oil and gas companies time and money.
This research focuses on this critical thermal management challenge. Specifically, this thesis describes the design, fabrication, and test of an innovative thermal management system capable of cooling commercial-off-the-shelf electronics for extended periods in harsh ambient temperatures exceeding 200 㮠Resistive heaters embedded in quad-flat-packages simulate the electronics used in oil well logging. A custom high temperature oven facilitates the evaluation of a full scale prototype of the thermal management system. We anticipate the prototype device will validate computer modeling efforts on which its design was based, and advance future designs of the thermal management system.
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NOVO, MARCELA SILVA. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WELL-LOGGING TOOLS BY USING FINITE VOLUME METHODS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11478@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>SOCIETY OF EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS FOUNDATION<br>SOCIETY OF PETROPHYSICISTS & WELL LOG ANALYSTS<br>O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento
de
modelos computacionais para analisar a resposta
eletromagnética de ferramentas de perfilagem LWD/MWD em
formações geofísicas arbitrárias. Essa modelagem
envolve a determinação precisa de campos eletromagnéticos
em regiões tridimensionais (3D) complexas e,
conseqüentemente, a solução de sistemas lineares
não-hermitianos de larga escala. A modelagem numérica é
realizada através da aplicação do método dos volumes
finitos (FVM) no domínio da
freqüência. Desenvolvem-se dois modelos computacionais, o
primeiro válido
em regiões isotrópicas e o segundo considerando a
presença
de anisotropias
no meio. As equações de Maxwell são resolvidas através de
duas formulações
distintas: formulação por campos e formulação por
potenciais vetor e escalar. A discretização por volumes
finitos utiliza um esquema de grades
entrelaçadas em coordenadas cilíndricas para evitar erros
de aproximação de escada da geometria da ferramenta. Os
modelos desenvolvidos incorporam quatro técnicas
numéricas
para aumentar a eficiência computacional e a precisão do
método. As formulações por campos e por potenciais vetor
e escalar são comparadas em termos da taxa de
convergência
e do tempo de processamento em cenários tridimensionais.
Os
modelos foram validados e testados em cenários
tridimensionais complexos, tais como: (i) poços
horizontais ou direcionais; (ii) formações não homogêneas
com invasões de fluído de perfuração; (iii) formações
anisotrópicas e (iv) poços excêntricos.
Motivado pela flexibilidade dos modelos e pelos
resultados
numéricos obtidos em diferentes cenários tridimensionais,
estende-se a metodologia para analisar a resposta de
ferramentas LWD que empregam antenas inclinadas
em relação ao eixo da ferramenta. Tais ferramentas podem
prover dados com sensibilidade azimutal, assim como
estimativas da anisotropia da formação,
auxiliando o geodirecionamento de poços direcionais e
horizontais.<br>The main objective of this work is to develop computational
models to
analyze electromagnetic logging-while-drilling tool
response in arbitrary
geophysical formations. This modeling requires the
determination of electromagnetic fields in three-
dimensional (3-D) complex regions and consequently, the
solution of large scale non-hermitian systems. The numerical
modeling is done by using Finite Volume Methods (FVM) in
the frequency
domain. Both isotropic and anisotropic models are
developed. Maxwell's
equations are solved by using both the field formulation
and the coupled
vector-scalar potentials formulation. The proposed FVM
technique utilizes
an edge-based staggered-grid scheme in cylindrical
coordinates to avoid
staircasing errors on the tool geometry. Four numerical
techniques are incorporated in the models in order to
increase the computational efficiency
and the accuracy of the method. The field formulation and
the coupled vector-scalar potentials formulation are
compared in terms of their accuracy, convergence rate, and
CPU time for three-dimensional environments.
The models were validated and tested in 3-D complex
environments, such as:(i) horizontal and directional
boreholes; (ii) multilayered geophysical formations
including mud-filtrate invasions; (iii) anisotropic
formations and (iv)eccentric boreholes. The methodology is
extended to analyze LWD tools that are constructed with the
transmitters and/or receivers tilted with respect
to the axis of the drill collar. Such tools can provide
improved anisotropy measurements and azimuthal sensitivity
to benefit geosteering.
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ROSA, GUILHERME SIMON DA. "PSEUDO-ANALYTICAL MODELING FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WELL-LOGGING TOOLS IN COMPLEX GEOPHYSICAL FORMATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30559@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR<br>Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre técnicas de modelagem numérica utilizadas na análise da propagação eletromagnética em formações geofísicas comumente encontradas na perfuração de poços de petróleo. O emprego de sensores eletromagnéticos adjacentes à broca de perfuração permite a inferência dos parâmetros constitutivos do solo ao redor do poço. Nos últimos anos, os avanços da tecnologia de perfilagem eletromagnética permitiram a modelagem em tempo real do problema, possibilitando direcionar a perfuração do poço a fim de maximizar a exploração de petróleo, gás, e outros hidrocarbonetos fósseis. Formações geofísicas complexas são predominantes neste tipo de problema, e geralmente são modeladas usando técnicas numéricas de força bruta como os métodos de diferenças finitas, dos elementos finitos ou dos volumes finitos. No entanto, estas técnicas têm um custo computacional relativamente alto em termos de memória e tempo de processamento. O avanço da tecnologia de perfilagem em tempo real requer
abordagens mais eficientes. Neste trabalho nós empregamos o método do casamento de modos combinado com uma série de características positivas dos métodos pseudoanalíticos conhecidos na literatura para obter uma técnica inédita que permite analisar poços direcionais com estratificações radiais e longitudinais em formações geofísicas anisotrópicas. A técnica proposta permite modelar problemas ainda não explorados, mas com motivação tecnológica iminente, como a propagação eletromagnética ao longo de poços curvados e a perfuração em camadas inclinadas em relação ao eixo axial do poço. Nós apresentamos uma série de resultados de validação que demonstram que a técnica introduzida neste trabalho pode modelar de forma acurada e eficiente sensores de perfilagem eletromagnética usados na exploração de petróleo e gás.<br>This research presents a study on numerical techniques to model the electromagnetic propagation in geophysical formations commonly encountered in oil well drilling. The employment of electromagnetic sensors surrounding the drill bit allows inferring the constitutive parameters of the soil around the well. In recent years, advances in electromagnetic logging technology have enabled the real-time modeling of this problem. In this way, the drilling direction can be guided in order to maximize the exploitation of oil, gas, and other fossil hydrocarbons. The complex geophysical formations that are prevalent in this type of problem can be effectively handled using brute-force numerical techniques such as finite-differences, finite-elements and finite-volumes. However, these techniques suffer from relatively high cost in terms of both computer memory and CPU time. The advancement of real-time logging technology demands approaches that are more efficient than purely numerical methods. In this work, we employ the mode-matching
technique combining attractive features of the well-known pseudo-analytical approaches to obtain a new technique for analyzing directional well-logging tools in anisotropic formations with both radial and axial stratifications. The proposed technique allows to model problems not yet explored, but with a strong technological motivation, such as electromagnetic propagation along curved wells and drilling along inclined layers. We present a series of validation results showing that the novel technique introduced in this study
can model accurately and efficiently electromagnetic logging sensors used in oil and gas exploration.
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Trevizan, Willian Andrighetto. "Nuclear magnetic resonance and digital rock in oil industry: well logging applications." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-10082017-113902/.
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This thesis discusses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques for formation evaluation in well log analysis for the oil/gas industry. We present the standard ingredients for NMR data processing and interpretation, and develop a methodology that extends the determination of surface relaxivity from the laboratory to the well site. The methodology consists of a processing algorithm for diffusion editing data, which enables surface relaxivity determination for conditions close to those found in well logging (regarding data availability and noise levels). At moderate noise levels, lower relaxivity values (below 10μm/s) can be determined solely from NMR diffusion data, while higher values (∼30μm/s) can be separated from intermediate ones. Application for actual logging data still requires some noise reduction techniques such as stationary measurements downhole or data stacking among different depths. However, it provides a way of converting T2 distributions into actual pore size distributions even for downhole acquisitions, before the samples get to the laboratory for routine analysis. Besides the logging analysis, we also developed a theoretical approximation to the diffusion equation with partial absorptive contour conditions, by calculating appropriate transition rates between cells in an arbitrary grid, allowing a simple methodology for obtaining the NMR data based on pore imaging. Calculated rates can in principle be used for modeling/understanding different diffusion phenomena, such as exchange between pores or relaxation sites.<br>Neste trabalho são discutidas técnicas de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) aplicadas à avaliação de formações por meio da perfilagem de poços pela indústria de óleo e gás. São apresentados os conceitos básicos para processamento e interpretação dos dados de RMN, e desenvolvida uma metodologia para determinação da relaxatividade superficial em poço. O método consiste em um algoritmo de processamento de dados de diffusion editing, que permite a obtenção da relaxatividade superficial em condições próximas as encontradas na perfilagem de poços de petróleo (em relação à disponibilidade de dados e nível de ruído). Para níveis moderados de ruído, as relaxatividades mais baixas (menores que 10μm/s) podem ser determinadas através das medidas de difusão por RMN, enquanto valores mais altos (∼30μm/s) podem ser separados dos intermediários. Aplicações em dados de perfilagem ainda requerem técnicas de redução de ruído como aquisições estacionárias em poço ou empilhamento de dados ao longo de um intervalo de profundidades. Entretanto, o método possibilita uma forma de converter as distribuições de T2 em distribuições de tamanhos de poros ainda em poço, antes que as amostras sejam enviadas para o laboratório em análises de rotina. Além da perfilagem, foi desenvolvido também uma aproximação para a equação de difusão com condições de contorno absortivas, através de equações de taxas. A forma das taxas de transição permite o desenvolvimento de metodologias simples para obtenção dos dados de RMN através de imagens dos poros das rochas. As taxas de transição podem ser utilizadas também para a modelagem de outros fenômenos que envolvam difusão, como fenômenos de troca entre poros ou entre sítios com diferentes valores de relaxação.
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Tsang, Wing-shing. "Borehole geophysics limitations of natural gamma and gamma-gamma density logging methods." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577238.
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Bertl, Brooks R. "Projective well log analysis : Plummer Field, Greene County, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834523.
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The purpose of this investigation is to determine the effectiveness of projective well log analysis based upon data collected from Plummer Field located in Greene County, Indiana. Projective well log analysis consists of analyzing spontaneous potential (SP) logs from existing oil and gas wells in order to determine SP gradients that may be applied to locate other undiscovered hydrocarbon accumulations. Projective well log analysis was developed in 1963 by S.J. Pirson, however, the specific parameters employed in the Plummer Field investigation were developed in 1988 by Dr. R.H. Fluegeman in order to apply to the geologic conditions in southwestern Indiana.The results of this investigation indicate that SP gradients can be interpreted to determine hydrocarbon production potential in Plummer Field with a 62% to 73% certainty. Given the petroleum industry exploration success rate of 3% to 20%, it is believed that the SP gradients established in Plummer Field can be used to identify economical hydrocarbon accumulations in areas of similar geology such as other portions of the Illinois Basin and the Michigan Basin.<br>Department of Geology
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Tsang, Wing-shing, and 曾永成. "Borehole geophysics limitations of natural gamma and gamma-gamma density logging methods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577238.
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Lee, Hwa Ok. "Cylindrical FDTD analysis of LWD tools through anisotropic dipping layered earth media." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1146148166.
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Richardson, Mark R. "Using conventional wireline logs to generate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) logs a feasibility study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=825.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 99 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85).
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Li, Huitang. "Production log analysis and statistical error minimization." Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992850.
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Nines, Shawn D. "Predicting a detailed permeability profile from minipermeameter measurements and well log data." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1690.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 111 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-111).
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Won, Suyoun. "Investigation of mud filtrate invasion using computational fluid dynamics." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6038.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 59 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-54).
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CANABARRO, MAIQUEL DOS SANTOS. "APLICATION OF NUMERICAL MODE-MATCHING METHOD IN THE STUDY OF WELL LOGGING OIL WITH MULTIPLE KNOTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29609@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA<br>PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR<br>No processo de perfilagem de poços de petróleo e gás, as propriedades entre duas camadas axiais podem apresentar diferenças. Estas descontinuidades das propriedades algumas vezes trazem dificuldades na representação do comportamento dos campos electromagnéticos. Nas análises eletromagnéticas de perfilagem de poço de petróleo, o Método de Casamento de Modos (NMM) vem sendo utilizado a partir da combinação de técnicas numéricas com analíticas e da resolução das equações de Maxwell em meios heterogêneos, cujos campos eletromagnéticos, na direção axial, são representados via decomposição espectral, e, na direção radial, por meio de solução das equações diferenciais ordinárias. Assim, com o objetivo de explorar a representação dos campos eletromagnéticos sobre as interfaces axiais via NMM, este trabalho propõe a utilização de funções B-Splines cúbicas na expansão dos campos, na direção axial, bem como a incorporação da multiplicidade de nós, que permitem uma melhor representação do comportamento dos campos nas interfaces axiais. O algoritmo implementado foi validado nas suas diversas etapas ao comparar os autovalores da representação modal com os obtidos analiticamente em problemas canônicos, e os resultados finais comparados com exemplos apresentados na literatura e calculados com o Método de Diferenças Finitas no Tempo (FDTD). O método NMM, combinado às funções B-Splines cúbicas, foi aplicado a vários perfis de poços de petroléo que serviram de exemplo neste estudo. Um estudo comparativo mostrou que o uso das funções B-Splines cúbicas com multiplicidade dos nós sobre as descontinuidades permitiu uma redução no número total de nós nas expansões dos campos eletromagnéticos.<br>In the logging process of gas and oil wells, differences in the properties between two axial layers can usually be found. These property discontinuities can bring difficulties for the representation of electromagnetic fields behavior. For electromagnetic analysis of well logging, the Numerical Mode-Matching - NMM method has been used. It combines numerical and analytical techniques, by solving equations Maxwell s in a heterogeneous media. There, the electromagnetic fields in the axial direction are represented by spectral decomposition and in the radial direction are represented by the solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). With the objective of explorer the representation of the electromagnetic fields on axial interfaces in the Numerical Mode Matched Method, this work explores the use of B-Splines cubic functions to expand the fields in the axial direction, as well as the incorporation of the multiple knots fetching to become the representation of fields behavior most optimized and realistic on axial interfaces. The NMM algorithm was implemented and it was validated by comparing the final results with those obtained by using Finite Difference Time-Domain – FDTD to analyse examples shown in the literature. To validate the results obtained for the eigenvalues, they were compared with the analytical solutions obtained for canonical configurations. The use of NMM Method combined with B-Spline cubic has been applied to several well profiles shown in the literature. The comparative study showed that the use B-Spline cubic with multiple knots near the discontinuities allows a reduction in the overall number of knots employed in the field expansion.
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Lin, Shu-hai. "Study on simulation algorithm of borehole radar for well logging and its application to antenna design." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145350.
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Davidson, James Alexander. "Applications of acoustic measurements in shale stability research /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Patel, Prashun R. "An improved method of regulating a high voltage power supply for use in oil well logging applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34072.
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Bloxson, Julie M. "Characterization of the Porosity Distribution within the Clinton Formation, Ashtabula County, Ohio by Geophysical Core and Well Logging." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1341879463.
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Rolon, Luisa F. "Developing intelligent synthetic logs application to Upper Devonian units in PA /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3721.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 123 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-109).
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Tian, Bingwei. "Geothermal resource assessment in shallow crust of Japan by three-dimensional temperature modeling using satellite imagery and well-logging dataset." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199293.
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Kowalski, André Campos Guaragna. "Análise da conectividade de fraturas em maciços cristalinos utilizando perfilagem geofísica e modelos de percolação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14132/tde-10092018-080732/.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um procedimento de campo para testar o comprimento mínimo que fraturas devem ter para construir uma rede de fluxo em escala de dezenas de metros ao longo de maciços cristalinos. O comprimento mínimo é determinado a partir do limite de percolação, definido por modelos baseados na Teoria da Percolação e a densidade de fraturas no poço, determinada pela perfilagem ótica. Para testar o valor de 3,9 metros que foi encontrado, foram realizados bombeamentos em dois poços próximos enquanto o nível estático era registrado no poço de observação. O método apresenta facilidades em termos de operação e para obter-se o número de fraturas que interceptam o poço, no entanto o registro do nível estático é afetado por fatores externos, como presença de efeitos de maré e variação da pressão atmosférica, e correções são necessárias para permitir identificar a interferência proveniente somente do bombeamento.<br>The objective of this work is to develop a field procedure to determine a minimum characteristic length forming a connected fracture network in crystalline rocks. This minimum length is determined as a percolation threshold defined by models based on Percolation Theory and fracture density data determined from borehole imaging with well-logging probes. The characteristic length (3.9 meters) once estimated for a testing well was evaluated by monitoring its water head meanwhile nearby wells at different distances were pumped. The water head variation recorded in the testing well was disturbed by interfering effects associated to earth tides and atmospheric pressure, requiring further corrections to isolate effects induced by pumping. The results of these tests validate the percolation limit determined from logging data suggesting a rock mass with very low connectivity. The proposed test can be regarded as simple and easy to apply in many practical situations, for example when evaluating groundwater resources or geotechnical properties in fractured crystalline rocks.
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O'Neal, Ryan J. "Seismic and well log attribute analysis of the Jurassic Entrada/Curtis interval within the North Hill Creek 3D seismic survey, Uinta Basin, Utah : case history /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2017.pdf.
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Artun, F. Emre. "Reservoir characterization using intelligent seismic inversion." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4185.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-82).
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Allen, Nancy J. "Computation of pseudosonic logs in shallow fresh/brackish water wells: a test case in Brunswick, Georgia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44105.
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<p>Due to the usefulness of sonic logs in formation evaluation, efforts have been made to develop a
method for calculating pseudosonic logs for wells in which sonic logs were not originally obtained.
These efforts attempt to use electrical resistivity data in the calculation of pseudosonic logs by
means of empirical scale functions. The purpose of this study is to examine ways of applying these
relationships in relatively shallow wells where the principal formation fluid is fresh or brackish water.
Data from four wells situated in Brunswick, Georgia were used in this study.</p>
<p>
Conventional focused resistivity logs are sensitive to beds as thin as one foot and can provide detail
similar to that seen on sonic logs. Focused resistivity logs should be best for conversion to
pseudosonic logs in shallow wells, where invasion is minimal and the water used for drilling fluid
has electrical resistivity close to that of formation water. Sonic and resistivity logs from a representative
well are needed in the procedure for finding an empirical relationship between sonic transit
time and resistivity. Values of transit time plotted versus resistivity are read from corresponding
depths on both types of logs. The graphs obtained in this study reveal significantly more scatter
than previously published graphs based upon deep well data.</p>
<p>
An important feature clearly evident in the graphs is the presence of groups of points which me
offset from each other. A separate scale function relating transit time and resistivity can be obtained
from each group of points. It is noted that the different groups correspond to differences ir1 the
chlorinity of the formation water. The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to consider
the salinity of the formation water as well as electrical resistivity for purposes of calculating
pseudosonic logs. In previous studies three constant coefficients were deterrnined experimentally
in order to obtain an empirical scale function. The present study suggests that it may be possible
to replace these constants with chlorinity dependent coefficients. The final results of this study indicate
that reasonably reliable pseudosonic logs can be obtained only by using high quality focused
resistivity logs from wells where information about the salinity of the formation water is also
available.</p><br>Master of Science
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Bhuiyan, Mofazzal H. "An intelligent system's approach to reservoir characterization in Cotton Valley." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2131.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 92 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-88).
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Koroleva, Van Do Mai. "Control of spin dynamics for applications in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11137.
Full textAbstract:
Sophisticated electromagnetic pulse sequences that control spin dynamics have been developed in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) over the last few decades. However, due to more and more demanding criteria, such as unknown parameters, larger bandwidths, higher signal to noise ratio (SNR), less power consumption, etc., new pulse sequences are constantly needed. This thesis presents new pulse sequences for several important applications of NMR.<br>Engineering and Applied Sciences
31
Ball, Nathaniel H. Atchley Stacy C. "Depositional and diagenetic controls on reservoir quality and their petrophysical predictors within the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Doe Creek Member of the Kaskapau Formation at Valhalla Field, Northwest Alberta." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5296.
Full text
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Mavromatidis, Angelos. "Quantification of exhumation in the Cooper-Eromanga Basins, Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl7935.pdf.
Full text
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Фтемов, Я. М. "Виділення нафтонасичених порід-колекторів Юрських відкладів за геолого-геофізичними критеріями (на прикладі Лопушнянського нафтового родовища)". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2016. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38.
Full textAbstract:
У дисертаційній роботі вирішується ряд важливих задач, які виникають під час виділення карбонатних порід-колекторів та визначення їх колекторських властивостей. За результатами дослідження геологічної будови Лопушнянського родовища встановлено, що карбонатні породи-колектори верхньої юри представлені вапняками складної будови (різного літологічного складу із наявністю тріщинної, кавернозної та відкритої пористості). За літолого-петрофізичною характеристикою, розподілом пустот порового простору та наявності глинисто-карбонатного цементу матриці карбонатні породи-колектори відносяться до третьої групи петрофізичних моделей. З метою підвищення однозначності розв'язання задачі виділення і розчленування порід карбонатного складу вперше запропоновано критерій виділення карбонатних порід *Р у загальному літотипі порід, який характеризує частку дисперсної фракції до загального водневмісту породи. На основі аналізу електропровідності гірських порід запропоновано модель електропровідності для порід-колекторів карбонатних відкладів Лопушнянського нафтового родовища із значним вмістом глинистого матеріалу. За результатами дослідження зв'язку швидкісних характеристик гірської породи карбонатного типу з її питомим електричним опором встановлено залежність швидкості проходження пружної хвилі від геометрії порового простору. Шляхом модельних розрахунків швидкості проходження пружної хвилі у породі-колекторі з кавернозною і тріщинною пористістю встановлено збільшення швидкості хвилі в породі з кавернозною пористістю порівняно з тріщинною пористістю при однаковому об'ємі порового простору. Вперше запропоновано критерій оцінки типу пористості для розділення порід карбонатного складу за структурою порового простору на основі використання відносного параметра R, який характеризує частку відхилення виміряного значення інтервального часу від теоретично розрахованого з мінімальною пористістю для кавернозних порід до кількості теплових нейтронів, що утворились при проходженні сповільнених нейтронів між великим і малим зондами методу двозондового нейтрон-нейтрон каротажу за тепловими нейтронами.<br>The dissertation thesis solves a number of important problems that arise when distinguishing carbonate reservoir rocks and determining their reservoir properties. Based on the study results of geologic structure of the Lopushnianske field, it was found out that carbonate reservoir rocks of the Upper Jurassic are represented by complex structure limestones (with different lithological composition and presence of fracture, cavernous, and effective porosity). Based on the lithological and petrophysical characteristics, distribution of the and presence of the clay and carbonate matrix cement, carbonate tied as the third group of petrophysical model. In order to improve unambiguity of solution of the problem of distinguishing and stratification of the carbonate rocks, for the first time there was suggested a criterion for distinguishing caibonate rocks in the general rock lithotype that characterizes the ratio of the dispersion fraction and general rock water content. Based on the analysis of the rock electrical conductivity, there was developed a model of electrical conductivity for reservoir rocks of carbonate deposits of the Lopushnianske oil field with the considerable content of clay materials. Based on the study results of the connection between velocity characteristics in the carbonate type rock and its specific electrical resistance, there was found out the dependence of the elastic wave velocity on the porous space geometry. Model calculations of the elastic wave velocity in the reservoir rock with cavernous and fracture porosity determined an increase of the wave velocity in the rock with cavernous porosity when compared with the fracture porosity at the same porous space volume. For the first time there was suggested a criterion for evaluation of the porosity type for stratification of carbonate rocks in accordance with the porous space structure with the help of the relative parameter R that characterizes the ratio of deviation of the measured value of interval time and theoretically calculated one with minimum porosity for cavernous rocks and number of thermal electrons that formed when decelerated electrons went between big and small sondes of the dual neutron logging method after the thermal neutrons.
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Oliveira, Júnior Joacir Marques de. "Classificação de litofácies através da análise automática de perfis elétricos de poços de petróleo da Amazônia." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4144.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-14<br>Among several steps which are necessary for the commercialization of oil, the analysis of
well logs plays an important role to estimate the capacity of a well. Traditionally, this analysis is conducted in a semi-automated process which generates graphs of curves used by human experts to analyze and make the reservoir characterization. One goal of this analysis is to classify lithofacies. Lithofacies are lithological units(rocks) that characterize the environment and compositional aspects of the rocks. In order to characterize an oil reservoir, a set of classes of sedimentary rocks occur. This is which is the major reason for the classification of lithofacies. This master thesis investigates the use of automatic classification techniques applied to the problem of classification of lithofacies. The following five classification methods are investigated: Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbor, Multilayer Perceptron and Logistic Regression. The database investigated consists of samples from three oil wells of the same reservoir in the Amazon State. In addition, the performance of individual classifiers are compared to the combination of the same five classifiers through majority voting. Finally, we will verify whether or not individual classifiers, or ensemble of classifiers, may train using data obtained from one well and accurately classify data from other wells. In order to get these answers, we have run two series of experiments. First, we trained classifiers and test classifiers individually and combined within the same oil well. The obtained results show that Support Vector Machines achieved the best results in two of the three wells, while
Multilayer Perceptron ouperformed the other methods in the third well. In the second series of experiments, we trained classifiers with data from a well and them with data from another
well, simulating a situation closer to a real application, since we may use a manually classified database to train a classifier, or ensemble of classifiers, in orde to learn the pattern of the reservoir. Then, data from other wells of the same reservoir may be automatically classified. In this test, the ensemble of classifiers outperformed individual classifiers in 4 of the 6 possible combinations. In the two other combinations, the combination by majority vote was the second best. It is also worth saying that in average, ensemble of classifiers was the best option to classify lithofacies. Our results indicate that combining classifiers in a system of majority voting, shows a better performance and better stability of the results.<br>Dentro das várias etapas que são necessárias até o petróleo ser comercializado, a análise de perfis elétricos representa papel de grande importância para se estimar a capacidade produtiva de um poço. A análise hoje é semi-automatizada e ocorre da seguinte forma: geólogos especialistas analisam gráficos de curvas gerados por um sistema, para então, realizar a caracterização do reservatório com base nas análises. Um dos objetivos dessa análise é a classificação de litofácies. Litofácies são unidades litológicas (rochas) que caracterizam o ambiente de formação e aspectos composicionais das rochas. Para que se forme um reservatório de petróleo, um conjunto de tipos de rochas precisa estar presente, sendo este um
dos principais motivos para a classificação de litofácies. Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga o uso de técnicas de classificação automática aplicadas ao problema de classificação de litofácies. Serão investigados os seguintes cinco métodos de classificação: Support Vector Machines, k Vizinhos Mais Próximos, Multilayer Perceptron e Regressão Logistica. A base de dados investigada é composta por amostras de perfis de três poços de uma reserva da Amazônia. Será ainda comparado o desempenho de classificadores individuais frente à combinação do mesmos através do voto majoritário. Por fim, iremos verificar se o treinamento de um poço pode ser aproveitado para outro por meio de classificadores individuais e combinados por voto majoritário. Para obter essas respostas, fizemos dois tipos de testes. No
primeiro, treinamos e testamos os classificadores individualmente e combinados dentro do mesmo poço. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que Support Vector Machines foi superior em dois dos três poços, enquanto Multilayer Perceptron, superou os demais métodos no terceiro poço. No segundo tipo de testes, treinamos com dados de um poço e testamos com dados de outro poço, simulando uma situação mais próxima do problema real que seria de calibrar os classificadores de uma reserva com um poço pioneiro e a partir daí replicar nos poços vizinhos. Nestes testes, a combinação de classificadores se mostrou a melhor solução em 4 das 6 combinações possíveis. Nas duas demais combinações, a combinação por voto
majoritário alcançou o segundo melhor resultado. Vale dizer ainda que na média simples o sistema de votação majoritário, foi a melhor opção para classificar as litofácies. Nossos resultados indicam que combinar classificadores em um sistema de votação majoritário apresenta desempenho superior ao uso de classificadores individuais, além de apresentar maior estabilidade.
35
Titus, Willard Sidney III. "Development and application of some quantitative stratigraphic techniques to the Coos Bay coalfield, a Tertiary fluvio-deltaic complex in southwestern Oregon." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3730.
Full textAbstract:
A computer technique for interpreting geophysical logs of drill-holes in quantitative lithologic terms has been developed and tested on the deposits of the late Eocene Coaledo Formation, a well-studied fluvio-deltaic complex in southwestern Oregon. The technique involves the use of induced and natural gamma logs for separation of coal and claystone from coarse-grained detrital rocks and the use of the ratio of resistivity and natural gamma responses (defined here as the "grain size index") to divide the coarse elastic rocks into a series of textural classes corresponding to the Wentworth-Odden particle size scale.
36
Díaz, da Jornada Ana Carolina López. "Interpretação de perfis elétricos na caracterização dos reservatórios de Camisea, Peru." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13709.
Full textAbstract:
A seqüência mesozóica da bacia de Ucayali é a maior produtora de gás e condensado do Peru. A área do trabalho, denominada Grande Camisea, fica na parte sul da bacia e, na atualidade, pertence à companhia Plupetrol Peru Corporation. Neste trabalho, foi aplicado um método de interpretação de perfis de indução em um poço petrolífero no sector San Martin do campo Camisea (QuickLook Interpretation method). O objetivo consiste na caracterização do reservatório de San Martín utilizando um método de interpretação rápida de perfis elétricos e, assim, fornecer uma visão geral no entendimento de parâmetros de poços e reservatórios, de zonas produtivas e suas características petrofísicas de porosidade e de saturação do óleo. Para validar a interpretação, foram utilizadas a descrição geológica de testemunhos e amostras de calha, descrição e informação do sistema petrolífero do campo e a geologia regional da zona de interesse da bacia. Desta forma, foi possível apresentar uma comparação entre os valores obtidos através dos métodos detalhados executados pela Pluspetrol e o método rápido de interpretação aplicado aqui, assim como o desvio entre ambos os resultados.<br>The Mesozoic sequence of the Ucayali basin is the main producer of gas and condensate of Peru. The work area is called Gran Camisea, located in the south part of the basin, and, in the present time, belongs to the company Plupetrol Peru Corporation. In this work, a well log interpretation method was used in a gas well in San Martin area, part of the Camisea field. The goal is the characterization of the reservoir of San Martín using a Quick Look log interpretation method, and thus to supply a general view in the understanding of well and reservoirs parameters, productive zones and its petrophysics characteristics of porosity and saturation. To validate the interpretation, besides using the geologic description of well cores and cutting sampling, it was used the description and information of the petroleum system of Camisea gas field and its regional geology. It was possible to present a comparison between Pluspetrol values, obtained through detailed methods, and those from the Quick Look log interpretation method used here, as well as an analysis of convergence between both results.
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Van, Wichelen Koen. "Etude d'un magnétomètre vectoriel différentiel RPE pour application en puits de forage." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10244.
Full textAbstract:
Un magnetometre rpe pour application en puits de forage a ete etudie. La mesure est de type vectoriel et differentiel. Grace aux developpements recents concernant les materiaux radicalaires pour la magnetometrie rpe, la technologie choisie offre des perspectives par rapport a l'etat de l'art (technologie flux-gate) pour un fonctionnement jusqu'a des temperatures de 200c environ. Un prototype d'outil de diagraphie operationnel a frequence de resonance de 70 mhz a ete developpe pour valider l'architecture du magnetometre. Des mesures avec cet outil de diagraphie ont ete effectuees dans quelques puits de forage afin de valider sa mise en uvre (evaluation des performances en milieu reel d'application, epreuve de reproductibilite). Les performances du magnetometre rpe sont analysees aussi par comparaison avec un instrument vectoriel et differentiel utilisant la technolotie flux-gate
38
Фтемов, Я. М. "Виділення нафтонасичених порід-колекторів Юрських відкладів за геолого-геофізичними критеріями (на прикладі Лопушнянського нафтового родовища)". Thesis, ІФНТУНГ, 2017. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5316.
Full textAbstract:
У дисертаційній роботі вирішується ряд важливих задач, які виникають під час виділення карбонатних порід-колекторів та визначення їх колекторських властивостей. За результатами дослідження геологічної будови Лопушнянського родовища встановлено, що карбонатні породи-колектори верхньої юри представлені вапняками складної будови (різного літологічного складу із наявністю тріщинної, кавернозної та відкритої пористості). За літолого-петрофізичною характеристикою, розподілом пустот порового простору та наявності глинисто-карбонатного цементу матриці карбонатні породи-колектори відносяться до третьої групи петрофізичних моделей. З метою підвищення однозначності розв’язання задачі виділення і розчленування порід карбонатного складу вперше запропоновано критерій виділення карбонатних порід у загальному літотипі порід, який характеризує частку дисперсної фракції до загального водневмісту породи. На основі аналізу електропровідності гірських порід запропоновано модель електропровідності для порід-колекторів карбонатних відкладів Лопушнянського нафтового родовища із значним вмістом глинистого матеріалу. За результатами дослідження зв’язку швидкісних характеристик гірської породи карбонатного типу з її питомим електричним опором встановлено залежність швидкості проходження пружної хвилі від геометрії порового простору. Шляхом модельних розрахунків швидкості проходження пружної хвилі у породі-колекторі з кавернозною і тріщинною пористістю встановлено збільшення швидкості хвилі в породі з кавернозною пористістю порівняно з тріщинною пористістю при однаковому об’ємі порового простору. Вперше запропоновано критерій оцінки типу пористості для розділення порід карбонатного складу за структурою порового простору на основі використання відносного параметра й, який характеризує частку відхилення виміряного значення інтервального часу від теоретично розрахованого з мінімальною пористістю для кавернозних порід до кількості теплових нейтронів, що утворились при проходженні сповільнених нейтронів між великим і малим зондами методу двозондового нейтрон-нейтрон каротажу за тепловими нейтронами.<br>В диссертационной работе решается ряд важных проблем, которые возникают в процессе выделения карбонатных пород-колекторов та определения их коллекторских свойств. Представленные в диссертационной работе результаты петрофизического моделирования коллекторских свойств карбонатных пород юрской системы Лопушнянского месторождения позволили создать модель коллекторов и на их основе исследовать функциональные связи между физическими и геологическими величинами с целью определения коллекторских свойств по геофизической информации. По результатам анализа взаимосвязей геофизических параметров, измеренных в карбонатному геологическому разрезе скважины, которые характеризуют электрическое сопротивление, скорость ультразвуковых упругих волн, интенсивность природной гамма-активности та интенсивность излучения радиационного захвата тепловых нейтронов, показана возможность выделения пород карбонатного состава по различной структуре порового пространства. Для характеристики геологического объекта с целью увеличения однозначности решения задачи выделения и расчленения пород карбонатного состава впервые рекомендовано критерий выделения карбонатных пород Ψ в общем литотипе пород, который характеризует долю дисперсной фракции относительно общего водородосодержания породы. Выполненные исследования связи интенсивности вторичного гамма-поля с относительным параметром Ψ терригенного и карбонатного состава позволили установить новый подход для анализа влияния дисперсной глинистой фракции и строения коллектора на общий объем пустот коллекторов. Породы карбонатного типа принципиально отличаются по характеру связи от пород терригенного состава. На основе анализа электропроводности горных пород предложена модель электропроводности для пород-коллекторов карбонатных отложений Лопушнянского нефтяного месторождения с глинистым цементом. По результатам исследования связи скоростных характеристик горной породы карбонатного типа с ее удельным электрическим сопротивлением установлена зависимость скорости прохождения упругой волны от геометрии порового пространства. Модельные расчеты скорости прохождения упругой волны в породе-коллекторе с кавернозной и трещинной пористостью установлено увеличение скорости упругой волны в породе с кавернозной пористостью сравнительно с трещинной пористостью при одинаковом объеме порового пространства. Впервые предложен критерий оценки типа пористости для разделения пород карбонатного состава по структуре порового пространства на основе использования относительного параметра R, который характеризует долю отклонения измеренного значения интервального времени от теоретически расчитанного с минимальною пористостью для кавернозних пород к количеству теплових нейтронов, которые образовались при прохождении замедленных нейтронов между большим и малым зондами метода двухзондового нейтрон-нейтрон каротажа по тепловим нейтронам.<br>The dissertation thesis solves a number of important problems that arise when distinguishing carbonate reservoir rocks and determining their reservoir properties. Based on the study results of geologic structure of the Lopushnianske field, it was found out that carbonate reservoir rocks of the Upper Jurassic are represented by complex structure limestones (with different lithological composition and presence of fracture, cavernous, and effective porosity). In order to improve unambiguity of solution of the problem of distinguishing and stratification of the carbonate rocks, for the first time there was suggested a criterion Ψ for distinguishing carbonate rocks in the general rock lithotype that characterizes the ratio of the dispersion fraction and general rock water content. Based on the analysis of the rock electrical conductivity, there was developed a model of electrical conductivity for reservoir rocks of carbonate deposits of the Lopushnianske oil field with the considerable content of clay materials. Based on the study results of the connection between velocity characteristics in the carbonate type rock and its specific electrical resistance, there was found out the dependence of the elastic wave velocity on the porous space geometry. Model calculations of the elastic wave velocity in the reservoir rock with cavernous and fracture porosity determined an increase of the wave velocity in the rock with cavernous porosity when compared with the fracture porosity at the same porous space volume. For the first time there was suggested a criterion for evaluation of the porosity type for stratification of carbonate rocks in accordance with the porous space structure with the help of the relative parameter R that characterizes the ratio of deviation of the measured value of interval time and theoretically calculated one with minimum porosity for cavernous rocks and number of thermal electrons that formed when decelerated electrons went between big and small sondes of the dual neutron logging method after the thermal neutrons.
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Beaver, Breanna beaver. "Analysis of Habitat Fragmentation and Ecosystem Connectivity within The Castle Parks, Alberta, Canada." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1514364341712234.
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Asses, Amar. "Analyse des diagraphies de forage, séquences sédimentaires et paléogéographie des séries argilo-gréseuses déposées au passage Silurien-Devonien dans la synéclise est-saharienne. : Bassin d'Illizi et partie algérienne du bassin de Ghadames." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3020.
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Etude des bassins de Ghadames et d'Illizi au Silurien-Devonien. On définit cinq unités lithostratigraphiques à l'aide de marqueurs diagraphiques et des datations palynologiques. On reconstitue les paléoenvironnements à partir de l'analyse sédimentologique des lithofacies. Le silurien est caractérisé par une propagation de barres sableuses qui indique une régression marine vers le nord. Le Devonien est constitué par des chenaux fluviatiles au sud et des chenaux de marée au nord. L'évolution traduit l'amorce d'une transgression du nord vers le sud. On individualise un domaine littoral à influence continentale, un domaine marin et un domaine mixte. Le milieu de dépôt de la région étudiée est un bassin intracratonique structure par deux moles.
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López, Barrera Ana Isabel. "Caracterización geológica y petrofísica mediante adquisición e interpretación de diagrafías en formaciones con potencial como sello y almacén de CO2 en cuencas de la Península Ibérica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396374.
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En esta tesis doctoral se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir de la interpretación litológica y caracterización petrofísica de formaciones geológicas favorables para el sellado y almacén geológico de CO2 en diversas cuencas de la Península Ibérica.
La metodología seguida comprende el estudio e interpretación conjunta de registros geofísicos de sondeos (diagrafías) pertenecientes a sondeos someros tipo "slimhole", y de registros pertenecientes a sondeos antiguos y profundos de petróleo. Para completar dicha interpretación se han utilizado otras técnicas como ensayos de campo y de laboratorio, análisis al microscopio de muestras en lámina delgada y de Difracción de Rayos X.
Mediante el registro de Radioactividad Gamma Natural (GR) principalmente, se llevó a cabo una correlación estratigráfica entre las formaciones de los sondeos someros y las formaciones análogas en los sondeos profundos próximos. Posteriormente, se procedió a estudiar en paralelo la litología y la petrofísica de cada uno de ellos, para poder establecer analogías entre las diversas formaciones en superficie y en profundidad.
El análisis e interpretación de los registros de imagen de sondeo, ha permitido determinar la frecuencia de fracturación localizando en profundidad zonas con debilitamiento estructural, susceptibles de ser permeables, estableciendo la idoneidad de la zona sello y almacén.
A partir del registro sónico de onda completa y aplicando una técnica reciente mediante el estudio de la atenuación de las ondas sónicas, se ha estimado el parámetro lk-Seis según la metodología de Mari & Guillemot, 2012. Los atributos acústicos, necesarios para calcular dicho parámetro, han comprendido la atenuación (Att) y la ampliltud (A) de la señal acústica, por lo que fue necesario un estudio pormenorizado de las señales sónicas registradas. Este parámetro acústico ha permitido localizar zonas permeables a lo largo de las formaciones estudiadas en los sondeos someros.
La caracterización petrofísica de las formaciones geológicas almacén se ha complementado con la realización de ensayos en laboratorio de conductividad hidráulica en célula triaxial, obteniéndose el valor de la permeabilidad hidráulica (Kw), la porosidad efectiva (0e) y total (09 y la superficie específica (Ss). Dichos resultados de laboratorio, han sido correlacionados con los estimados en campo a partir de ensayos de permeabilidad Lugeon, y con las identificaciones estructurales de la pared del sondeo llevadas a cabo a partir de la imagen acústica de sondeo, siendo integrados finalmente a los resultados derivados del estudio de la porosidad sónica y observaciones de permeabilidad a partir de las diagrafías.<br>The results obtained from the lithological interpretation and petrophysical characterization of seal and reservoirs formations in the Iberian Peninsula basins for CO2 storage are presented in this PhD.
The methodology has involved a complete well logging data set interpretation acquired at slim-hole and shallow boreholes, as well as vintage hydrocarbons logging data interpretation. Other techniques as field tests and laboratory analysis, thin section studies and X-Ray Diffraction analysis have been applied to complete the log interpretation and rock characterization.
Stratigraphic correlation between the geological formations in shallow boreholes and similar formations in oil boreholes has been carried out using Natural Gamma Radioactivity (GR) log. Subsequently, a lithological and petrophysical studies were conducted to draw analogies between both types of wells.
The analysis and interpretation of acoustic borehole image allowed determining the frequency of fracturing in depth, which was used to locate areas with structural weakening, establishing the suitability of the seal and store area. This information is useful to delineate permeable areas as well.
To contrast and complete this information, full wave sonic datasets were analysed focusing on the attenuation of the sonic waves. This is a recent methodology introduced by Mari & Guillemot (2012) that provided the Ik-Seis factor. Combining this factor with other seismic parameters such as attenuation (Att) and amplitude (A) parameters of the acoustic signal has allowed locating permeable zones along the shallow formations studied.
The petrophysical characterization of storage geological formations has been complemented by hydraulic conductivity tests that provide hydraulic permeability values (Kw), total effective porosity (0e), total porosity (0t) and specific surface (Ss). These laboratory results were correlated with results from field Lugeon permeability tests, as well as structural identifications from acoustic borehole image, and finally, being integrated with the sonic porosity and permeability results and observations from the well logs.
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Manivannan, Sivaprasath. "Measuring permeability vs depth in the unlined section of a wellbore using the descent of a fluid column made of two distinct fluids : inversion workflow, laboratory & in-situ tests." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX086/document.
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Dans les puits de production d’eau, de pétrole, de gaz et de chaleur géothermique, ou dans les puits d’accès à un stockage d’hydrocarbures, il est précieux de connaître la perméabilité de la formation ou de sa couverture en fonction de la profondeur, soit pour améliorer le modèle de réservoir, soit pour choisir les zones dans lesquelles procéder à des opérations spéciales.On propose une technique qui consiste à balayer la hauteur du découvert par une interface entre deux liquides de viscosités très contrastées. Le débit total qui pénètre la formation à chaque instant est ainsi une fonction de la position de l’interface et de l’historique des pressions dans le puits. On doit alors résoudre un problème inverse : rechercher la perméabilité fonction de la profondeur à partir de l’historique des débits dans le temps. Dans la pratique, le puits est équipé d’un tube central. Le balayage est effectué par injection d’un liquide à pression d’entrée constante dans le tube central et soutirage d’un autre liquide par l’espace annulaire. On mesure les débits d’injection et de soutirage dont la différence est le débit qui entre dans la formation.Pour valider et améliorer cette technique, on a d’abord utilisé une maquette simulant un découvert multi-couches disponible au LMS. On a exploité aussi des essais en place réalisés dans la couverture peu perméable d’un stockage souterrain de gaz. Dans ces essais, un liquide visqueux placé dans le découvert était déplacé par un liquide moins visqueux (méthode dite « opening »). Les couches plus perméables étaient correctement identifiées (Manivannan et al. 2017), mais une estimation quantitative était un défi en raison des phénomènes transitoires qui affectent le voisinage immédiat des puits. De plus, le rayon investigué dans le massif était petit.La thèse a relevé ces défis en proposant un essai légèrement différent et une nouvelle technique d’interprétation. Les essais avec une maquette modifiée ont montré la supériorité d’une méthode « closing » dans laquelle le puits est d’abord rempli du liquide le moins visqueux. On ménage une période de stabilisation avant l’injection du liquide visqueux pour réduire les effets transitoires ; elle permet aussi d’estimer la perméabilité moyenne et l’influence de la zone endommagée à la paroi (le « skin »).Puis on conduit l’essai proprement dit. L’historique des débits mesurés en tête de puits constitue le profil d’injection dont on déduit le profil de perméabilité.. Cette estimation suppose un écoulement monophasique dans chaque couche et la même « skin » pour toute la formation. Les incertitudes principales portent sur les pressions de formation et les variations possibles du « skin ». Elles sont estimées au moyen d’un calcul analytique. On a vérifié sur la maquette que les profils de perméabilité estimés présentent une bonne concordance avec les perméabilités mesurées avant les essais.On a réalisé un essai sur un sondage de 1750 m de long atteignant une couche de sel dont on a correctement estimé la perméabilité moyenne pendant la période de stabilisation. Toutefois elle était si faible (4.0E-21 m²) que l’utilisation de deux fluides n’a pas permis de faire une différence entre les diverses parties du puits<br>In wells producing water, oil, gas or geothermal energy, or in access wells to hydrocarbon storage, it is critical to evaluate the permeability of the formation as a function of depth, to improve the reservoir model, and also to identify the zones where additional investigation or special completions are especially useful.A new technique is proposed, consisting of scanning the open hole (uncased section of the wellbore) with an interface between two fluids with a large viscosity contrast. The injection rate into the formation depends on interface location and well pressure history. An inverse problem should be solved: estimate permeability as a function of depth from the evolution of flow rates with time. The wells are usually equipped with a central tube. The scanning is done by injecting a liquid in the central tube at constant wellhead pressure. Injection and withdrawal rates are measured at the wellhead; the difference between these two rates is the formation injection rate.To validate and improve this technique, we used a laboratory model mimicking a multi-layer formation, already available at LMS. We also made use of in-situ tests performed on an ultra-low permeable cap rock above an underground gas storage reservoir. In these tests, a viscous fluid contained in the open hole was displaced by a less-viscous fluid (a method called opening WTLog). The more permeable layers were correctly identified (Manivannan et al. 2017), but a quantitative estimation was challenging due to transient phenomena in the vicinity of the wellbore (near-wellbore zone). In addition, the investigation radius was small.These challenges are addressed by proposing a slightly modified test procedure and a new interpretation workflow. Laboratory tests with a modified test setup showed the advantages of the ‘closing’ method in which the well is filled with a less-viscous fluid at the start of the test. We also added a stabilization period before the injection of viscous fluid to minimize the transient effects; this period is also used to estimate the average permeability of the open hole and the effect of near-wellbore damage (skin).Then the test proper is performed (closing WTLog). The injection profile of the less-viscous fluid is computed from the wellhead flow rate history. A permeability profile is estimated from the injection profile. The permeability estimation considers a monophasic flow in each layer and the same skin value for all the formation layers. Major uncertainties in the permeability estimates are caused by formation pressures and heterogeneities in skin values; they are estimated using an analytical formula. We have verified on the laboratory setup that the estimated permeability profiles are well correlated to the permeabilities measured before the tests.An attempt was made to perform a WTLog in a 1750-m long wellbore opening in a salt formation. The first phase was successful and the average permeability was correctly assessed. However, this permeability was so small (4.0E-21 m² or 4 nD) that the gauges and the flowmeters were not accurate enough to allow a clear distinction between the permeabilities of the various parts of the open hole
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Moretto, Robert. "Étude sédimentologique et géochimique des dépôts de la série salifère paléogène du bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse (France)." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10393.
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On étudie la série salifère paléogène du bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse par diverses méthodes. L'analyse diagraphique permet d'établir des corrélations spatiales entre les différents ensembles de cette série. Des études pétrographiques, faciologiques, sédimentologiques, minéralogiques et géochimiques détaillées permettent de mieux appréhender les modalités de la sédimentation évaporitique dans le fossé bressan et de proposer un schéma de son évolution au cours du paléogène
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Mathis, Benoît. "Diagraphies et sédimentologie : traduction du message diagraphique et reconnaissance des systèmes sédimentaires : exemples des faciès hypersiliceux paléogènes et crétacés de l'offshore gabonais." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10184.
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Après un rappel des différents types de diagraphies existants et leur méthode d'interprétation, on présente des systèmes d'analyse et de tracé de courbes automatiques. Plusieurs programmes automatiques d'étude des faciès et des séquences sédimentaires sont mentionnés. Puis, on applique ces méthodes au cas des faciès hypersiliceux de l'ouzouri et de l'anguille : opalite, chert, grès, silt et argiles siliceux, carbonates siliceux et argiles opalifères. On montre l'intérêt des diagraphies dans la détermination de la qualité des réservoirs potentiels. L'organisation spatio-temporelle des dépôts gabonais est caractéristique d'une mégaséquence d'ouverture océanique
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"Viscosity Evaluation of Heavy Oils from NMR Well Logging." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/70502.
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Heavy oil is characterized by its high viscosity, which is a major obstacle to both logging and recovery. Due to the loss of T 2 information shorter than the echo spacing ( TE ), estimation of heavy oil properties from NMR T 2 measurements is usually problematic. In this work, a new method has been developed to overcome the echo spacing restriction of NMR spectrometer during the measurement of heavy oil. A FID measurement supplemented the CPMG in an effort to recover the lost T 2 data. Constrained by the initial magnetization ( M 0 ) estimated from the FID and Curie's law and assuming lognormal distribution for bitumen, the corrected T 2 of bitumen can be obtained. This new method successfully overcomes the TE restriction of the NMR spectrometer and is nearly independent on the TE applied in the measurement. This method was applied in the measurement of systems at elevated temperatures (8 ∼ 90 °C) and some important petrophysical properties of Athabasca bitumen, such as hydrogen index ( HI ), fluid content and viscosity were evaluated by using the corrected T 2 . Well log NMR T 2 measurements of bitumen appear to be significantly longer than the laboratory results. This is likely due to the dissolved gas in bitumen. The T 2 distribution depends on oil viscosity and dissolved gas concentration, which can vary throughout the field. In this work, the viscosity and laboratory NMR measurements were made on the recombined live bitumen sample and the synthetic Brookfield oil as a function of dissolved gas concentrations. The effects of CH 4 , CO 2 , and C 2 H 6 on the viscosity and T 2 response of these two heavy oils at different saturation pressures were investigated. The investigations on live oil viscosity show that, regardless of the gas type used for saturation, the live oil T 2 correlates with viscosity/temperature ratio on a log-log scale. More importantly, the changes of T 2 and viscosity/temperature ratio caused by solution gas follows the same trend of those caused by temperature variations on the dead oil. This conclusion holds for both the bitumen and the synthetic Brookfield oil. This finding on the relationship between the oil T 2 and its corresponding viscosity/temperature ratio creates a way for in-situ viscosity evaluation of heavy oil through NMR well logging.
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余勝棟. "Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms for Well Logging Inversion." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70700787165613620763.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>資訊學院碩士在職專班資訊組<br>95<br>In well logging inversion problem, a non-linear mapping exists between the synthetic logging measurements and the true formation conductivity. Without complexity of theoretic computation, neural network is able to approximate the input-output mapping through training with the iterative adjustment of connection weights. In our study, we develop the higher-order feature neural nets on the basis of neural network, and then apply on well logging inversion.
The usually used training algorithm for neural network is gradient descent, which is easy to get trapped at local minimum, so we adopt a method that combine with genetic algorithm to improve the training efficiency. In addition, the convergence of gradient descent is slow, so we adopt the conjugate gradient to speed up the convergence. In order to make network more non-linear, we proposed higher-order feature neural nets that use functions to expand the input feature to higher degree. In order to use more training patterns and increase the convergence efficiency, we test various network architectures that use different number of input nodes. Besides, the experimental results show that the convergence efficiency of the network with 1 hidden layer is better than that without hidden layer, so we adopt the network with 1 hidden layer. We use 31 synthetic logging datasets. Each has 200 input features and corresponding outputs. The performance of network is evaluated by comparing the mean absolute error between the actual outputs and desired outputs. Leave-one-out validation method is used in experiments. Each time 30 datasets are used in training, the trained network is then tested with the left 1 dataset. After 31 trials, the network performance is computed by averaging these testing results.
To validate the effectiveness of higher-order feature neural nets, the network size is 30-36-10 (not include bias), we train the network using conjugate gradient with synthetic logging datasets, and the trained network is then tested with real field logs. Results obtained from our experiments have shown that the proposed higher-order feature neural nets can be used effectively to process the well logging inversion. Our study shows an effective architecture of neural network to apply on well logging data inversion.
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Shen, Chin-Kang, and 沈勤康. "The Study of Neutron Well Logging and Estimation of Real Porosity." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83505309030150576808.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>地質學研究所<br>87<br>Abstract
Porosity is the ratio of pore volume to total volume in rocks or soils. Because groundwater is stored in the pores and flows through them, the character of porosity affects the conductivity and storativity of ground-water.
Two methods are used in this study to analyze the porosity of each formation in the well in National Taiwan University: dual-spacing neutron logging data and direct sampling and measuring of porosity. Dual-spacing neutron logging data offers a successive and complete information of formation porosity, but it only represents apparent porosity. Direct measuring porosity data is used to correlate with dual-spacing neutron logging data to achieve a correlation equation, and to transfer apparent porosity to real porosity.
From the result of the correlation between the direct measuring porosities and the ratio of the count rates (Near/Far or SSN/LSN), the average total porosity is estimated as follows: in silty-sand and silty-clay, 39%; in coarse sand, 34%; in gravel, 17%; in calcitic-tuff, 7%; in sandstone, 9%; in soft-shale, 26%; and in shale, 14%. From these estimations, it is reasonable to conclude that most porosity in rock is lower than in soil, and in soil, the finer the grain, the higher the total porosity. In addition, the porosity in gravel formation is lower than what is usually believed. The reason for this is the most of the gravel grains are quartzites, which have little porosity, and therefore they construct lower porosity in gravel formation. The calcitic-tuff and sandstone also have lower porosity than is believed, for the space in the pores is filled with recrystalline calcite. In contrast, shale does not consolidate very well, so it has a higher porosity.
As far as dual-spacing neutron logging data is concerned, there are still many environmental factors which is likely to affect such correlation, and the techniques used in this study may need perfecting. This study provides only the primary results. Future researches may estimate porosity with more accuracy and provide a more detailed analysis.
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Anand, Vivek. "NMR oil well logging: Diffusional coupling and internal gradients in porous media." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/20573.
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The default assumptions used for interpreting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements with reservoir rocks fail for many sandstone and carbonate formations. This study provides quantitative understanding of the mechanisms governing NMR relaxation of formation fluids for two important cases in which default assumptions are not valid. The first is diffusional coupling between micro and macropore, the second is susceptibility-induced magnetic field inhomogeneities. Understanding of governing mechanisms can aid in better estimation of formation properties such as pore size distribution and irreducible water saturation.
The assumption of direct correspondence between relaxation time and pore size distribution of a rock fails if fluid in different sized pores is coupled by diffusion. Pore scale simulations of relaxation in coupled micro and macropores are done to analyze the effect of governing parameters such as surface relaxivity, pore geometry and fluid diffusivity. A new coupling parameter (alpha) is introduced which quantifies the extent of coupling by comparing the rate of relaxation in a coupled pore to the rate of diffusional transport. Depending on alpha, the pores can communicate through total, intermediate or decoupled regimes of coupling. This work also develops a new technique for accurate estimation of irreducible saturation, an approach that is applicable in all coupling regimes. The theory is validated for representative cases of pore coupling in sandstone and carbonate formations.
Another assumption used in NMR formation evaluation is that the magnetic field distribution in the pores corresponds to the externally applied field. However, strong field inhomogeneities can be induced in presence of paramagnetic minerals such as iron on pore surfaces of sedimentary rocks. A generalized relaxation theory is proposed which identifies three asymptotic relaxation regimes of motionally averaging, localization and free diffusion. The relaxation characteristics of the asymptotic regimes such as T 1/T2 ratio and echo spacing dependence are quantitatively illustrated by random walk simulations and experiments with paramagnetic particles of several sizes. The theory can aid in better interpretation of diffusion measurements in porous media as well as imaging experiments in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
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Chi, Shihong. "Simulation of wave propagation in boreholes and radial profiling of formation elastic parameters." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/499.
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Chi, Shihong Gray Kenneth Eugene Torres-Verdín Carlos. "Simulation of wave propagation in boreholes and radial profiling of formation elastic parameters." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3117887.
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