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Journal articles on the topic 'Wen zi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 March 2023

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1

Popova, Galina S. "Introduction to the study of Kong-zi jia-yu (“School Sayings of Confucius”)." Orientalistica 4, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 901–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-4-901-928.

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The Kong-zi jia-yu (“School Sayings of Confucius”) is an important historical source for the study of Confucius’ teachings. The text comprises Confucius’ sayings, records of his conversations with his students and other people, and also information regarding his life and deeds. Regardless of the factual cornucopia, the text remains almost completely unknown to Russian scholars. Equally, it has never been translated into Russian. The necessity to translate this historical source into Russian is obvious, at least because of the information regarding the life of Confucius (551–479 BC) and also the theory of his philosophy and belief system. The article offers the initial stage of the study of the Kong-zi jia-yu and comprises the Russian translation of the first two chapters. One of the tasks of the article is the identification of the sources the Kong-zi jia-yu is based upon. The translation is accompanied by the synopsis of the contents of the first five chapters, their composition and a source critical study about the information found in the Kong-zi jia-yu and the ancient Chinese works, such as Chun-qiu Zuo-zhuan, Xun-zi, Li-ji, Da Dai li-ji, Yi-wen-zi, Shuo-yuan. The study has proven that these texts should not be considered as sources of information for the first and second chapters of the Kong-zi jia-yu due to significant differences in detail description. It has been also established that the texts of the third, fourth and fifth chapters, which are philosophical dialogues to a large extent coincide with the chapters of Li-ji (chapters Ai-gong wen, Ru xing) and Da Dai li-ji (chapters Zhu yan, Ai-gong wen yu Kong-zi). However, regardless of these coincidences these texts still should not be considered as direct sources for the relevant chapters from the Kong-zi jia-yu. Most likely, the authors of all three chapters had recourse to the same source.

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2

Khamaeva, E. A. "Radicals with Diplomatic Semantics in Ancient Chinese Dictionary “Shuo Wen Jie Zi”: Verification of Etymology." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-56-69.

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There are several signs with «diplomatic» semantics among the 540 most ancient radicals of the Chinese writing, presented in the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi” (1st century AD, Han era). Before the dictionary was created, Chinese writing had already existed for several thousand years; therefore some researchers (Zou Xiaoli, 2007; Oshanin, 1943) consider that the etymologies of the radicals in “Shuo wen” were formulated under the influence of the later eras and are often erroneous. The attempts are made to verify the etymologies of these signs with “diplomatic” semantics by comparing them with the more ancient forms jiaguwen and jinwen, discovered and scientifically described only in the 20th century. Such a comparison and interpretation will reveal the probable correct etymologies of the analyzed radicals of the Chinese dictionary “Shuo wen” and verify them. In addition, the study will shed light on the beginning of diplomacy in ancient China. The article also touches upon the problem of etymological analysis in a language with an ideographic type of writing, which is carried out not at the level of morphology, as in European languages, but at the level of hieroglyphic sign graphics.The problem of semantics and etymology of radicals was considered mainly by Chinese scientists (Zou Xiaoli, 2007; Wang Fengyang, 2011, etc.), while in the European linguistics, the problem was studied only fragmentarily (Kondrashevsky, 1982; Karasyova, 2019; Dictionary of etymologies, 2019). The radicals “with diplomatic” semantics, analyzed in the article, did not become the object of special study.The purpose of the article is to verify the etymology of a number of radicals in the ancient Chinese dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi” with “diplomatic” semantics, to consider the information about the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”, its basic radicals and their semantics, to briefly describe the features of etymological analysis in general and in Chinese language in particular, to compare the definitions of these radicals in various etymological dictionaries, thus verifying the etymologies presented in the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”.

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3

N., W. H., and Kawai Kozo (Chuan he kang san). "Chugoku no jiden bungaku (Zhong guo no zi wen xue)." Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) 19 (December 1997): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/495105.

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4

Els, Paul van. "Le Wen zi: a la lumiere de l'histoire et de l'archeologie (review)." China Review International 8, no. 2 (2001): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2001.0076.

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5

Yu, Fong. "Research on Mountain Place Name Characters of the “Shuo wen jie zi”." Chinese Studies 56 (September 30, 2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/kacs.2016.56.56.6.

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6

LIU, Yafen. "The Cognitive Interpretation of “the “White” System Words in Shuo Wen Jie Zi” Terms." Journal of Chinese Characters 16 (December 30, 2016): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14772/cscck.2016.16.89.

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7

Domashevskaya, Daria, Alexandra Koshel, and Ivan Solsoev. "On the problem of justification of the term “ethnothesaurus”." SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400141.

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The article presents the main provisions of the theory of thesaurus-type dictionaries, gives definitions of the thesaurus, describes the relationship of the thesaurus with the type of writing, considers the main provisions of the Sapir-Whorf theory of l inguistic relativity and their connection with the way of thinking and methods of conceptualizing extra-linguistic reality by representatives of different ethnic cultures. The authors propose the thesaurus of ideographic writing as one of the models of ethnocognitive science and, using the example of the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”, substantiate the expediency of using the term “ethnothesaurus”.

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8

Kye-Hwa, Kim. "A Study on the Shape and Meaning of ‘足’ Section in Shuo Wen Jie Zi." Chinese Studies 70 (March 31, 2020): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/kacs.2020.70.70.6.

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9

Won, Hoyoung. "A Rethink of Radicals Chinese Characters without Any Connected Characters in Shuo Wen Jie Zi (2)." JOURNAL OF CHINESE HUMANITIES 64 (December 31, 2016): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2016.12.64.21.

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10

문준혜. "A research on the Chinese character analysis and exposition of 『shuo wen jie zi yi zheng』." CHINESE LITERATURE 55, no. ll (May 2008): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21192/scll.55..200805.006.

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11

Won, Ho-Young. "A Rethink of Radicals Chinese Characters without Any Connected Characters in Shuo Wen Jie Zi (1)." Chinese Studies 55 (June 30, 2016): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/kacs.2016.55.55.18.

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12

Weng, Shu-Wen, Bor-Chyuan Chen, Yu-Chiao Wang, Chun-Kai Liu, Mao-Feng Sun, Ching-Mao Chang, Jaung-Geng Lin, and Hung-Rong Yen. "Traditional Chinese Medicine Use among Patients with Psoriasis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3164105.

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used for patients with psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate TCM usage in patients with psoriasis. We analyzed a cohort of one million individuals representing the 23 million enrollees randomly selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We identified 28,510 patients newly diagnosed with psoriasis between 2000 and 2010. Among them, 20,084 (70.4%) patients were TCM users. Patients who were female, younger, white-collar workers and lived in urbanized area tended to be TCM users. The median interval between the initial diagnosis of psoriasis to the first TCM consultation was 12 months. More than half (N=11,609; 57.8%) of the TCM users received only Chinese herbal medicine. Win-qing-yin and Bai-xian-pi were the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula and single herb, respectively. The core prescription pattern comprised Mu-dan-pi, Wen-qing-yin, Zi-cao, Bai-xian-pi, and Di-fu-zi. Patients preferred TCM than Western medicine consultations when they had metabolic syndrome, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, alopecia areata, Crohn’s disease, cancer, depression, fatty liver, chronic airway obstruction, sleep disorder, and allergic rhinitis. In conclusion, TCM use is popular among patients with psoriasis in Taiwan. Future clinical trials to investigate its efficacy are warranted.

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13

LEE, Jaehyuk. "Interpretation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi Based on Function: New Insight on Composition and Decomposition of Chinese Characters." Journal of Chinese Characters 19 (December 31, 2017): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14772/cscck.2017.19.179.

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14

Phạm, Văn-Khoái. "The basic grammatological unit in Vietnam’s Nom script and its relationship with those in Chinese script." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 4, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850220941134.

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The basic grammatological unit (grapheme) is a universal one for all writing systems. Chữ 𡨸 is such a basic unit in Nom script. When analyzing chữ 𡨸, the basic unit of a derivative script such as Nom script, the researcher thinks that apart from attention paid to the relations to language units recorded by it, as basic units of the source writing system such as wen (文) and zi (字) in Chinese script, it is necessary for the researcher to attach importance to the corresponding relations right in this derivative writing system. The expression of chữ 𡨸 in the corresponding internal relations also needs to be taken into consideration as a documentary fact for the study of graphemes in writing systems renovated from the hieroglyphs of Chinese script in particular, as well as in grammatology in general.

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15

Forges, Alexander Des. "Burning with Reverence: The Economics and Aesthetics of Words in Qing (1644–1911) China." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 121, no. 1 (January 2006): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081206x96159.

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Educated individuals in Qing-dynasty China frequently organized “word-cherishing” societies to collect and dispose of paper with writing on it respectfully. This practice, which was found in Jiangnan-area centers of culture as well as in Chinese communities in diaspora as far removed as San Francisco, reveals a preoccupation among the literati with questions of commensurability between potentially incompatible registers of social meaning. In its emphasis on individual written words (zi) rather than a more general concept of writing (wen), this practice is also indicative of the challenges that literati faced in attempting to compose civil service examination essays in parallel form. It further suggests that the concept of the book and the concept of the fragment of text develop in mutually reinforcing fashion, and it hints at the new significance accorded concrete questions of technique in Chinese literary criticism of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (AD)

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16

Kyeongwon Lee. "The Radical-rule and Arrangement System of Characters of Wu Jing Wen Zi: a Rebuttal of Yu Jiaxi’s View." Cross-Cultural Studies 38, no. ll (March 2015): 385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.21049/ccs.2015.38..385.

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17

Huang, Yulin. "A Study on the Notation Method of Qian zi wen-Based on the Manchurian Chinese written materials in the BnF." Studies of Korean & Chinese Humanities 65 (December 31, 2019): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26528/kochih.2019.65.357.

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18

Rubets, Maria. "Polysemy as a Way to Create Nonlinear Text in the Chinese Language Culture." Ideas and Ideals 12, no. 4-1 (December 23, 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.4.1-11-24.

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The article is devoted to the problem of polysemy in the Chinese language as one of the ways to expand the meanings of the written text. Polysemy as an integral part of any language is also widespread in Chinese. Characters become ambiguous under the influence of cultural, social, historical factors, due to metaphorical and metonymic transfer, etc. The situation with ambiguity in the Chinese language is further aggravated by the fact that the meaning of a syllable (written by a certain character) can be expanded not only due to the acquisition of new vocabulary meanings, but also new grammatical forms, since almost any syllable in the Chinese language can become both a noun, a verb, an adjective, a particle, etc. Chinese philologists were engaged in the interpretation of various meanings of hieroglyphs as far back as the pre-Qing era, this work does not stop to this day. The second part of the article provides an example of the polysemy of the character 道dào in modern dictionaries as a result of the expansion of the original meanings indicated in the etymological dictionaries of Sho Wen Jie Zi and Zi Yuan. The third part of the article provides concrete examples of the use of polysemic words by native speakers of the Chinese language in order to create nonlinear multidimensional texts. Examples of such texts are selected from ancient poems as well as from the couplets of duilian, such folklore phenomena as riddles, anecdotes, as well as examples of the creativity of modern Internet users (memes). Thus, the article shows that this technique is historically rooted in the written culture of China, which means that when reading texts in Chinese, it is necessary to consider not only historical, cultural, etc. realities and connotations, but also all derivative senses of words used in the text to identify additional senses in the text.

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19

Xueqin, Li. "Basic Considerations on the Commentaries of the Silk Manuscript Book of Changes." Early China 20 (1995): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800004545.

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The silk manuscript texts of the Yijing and Comtnentatires — “Xici” “Yi-zhiyi,” “Yao,” and “Ersanzi Wen” — though excavated more than twenty years ago were published, albeit incompletely, for the first time in 1993. The physical state and the organization of these versions of the classic and commentaries were described by Edward Shaughnessy in Early China 19 (“A First Reading of the Mawangdui Yijing Manuscript”), and it is my intention in this article to begin to explore in some depth the differences between the silk manuscript Commentaries and the received text of the Xici to determine what they tell us about our understanding of the Zhou yi tradition. Even with our partial scholarly understanding of these texts it is possible to venture some preliminary judgments on the structure of the Commentaries, on the differing content of the silk manuscript version, on the enigma of the recurring phase “Zi yue” and on the date of its composition. Three main differences can be identified: discrepancies in characters, in sentences, and in chapter sequence. Nevertheless, the structure of the silk manuscript Xici and that of the received Commentaries are largely in agreement and what differences are in evidence, such as the scattering of certain parts of the received Xici in the heretofore unknown Yizhi Yi and Yao commentaries, may be explained by Qin discrimination against ru tradition following the conquest of Chu in 278 B.C. One of the principal discoveries resulting from comparison of the excavated and received texts is the presence of numerous loan graphs in the silk manuscript text, and it is through a better understanding of the function of such loans that a satisfactory explanation of the age-old enigma of “Zi yue” that occurs frequently and in the same places in both texts may be obtained.

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20

柯香君, 柯香君. "《高文舉》版本考述." 中正漢學研究 37, no. 37 (June 2021): 281–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/2306036020210600370010.

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<p>「高文舉故事」始自形成，便以多元樣貌流播於各地聲腔，依據本文所較析的四個版本，彼此間存在著複雜關係，或有獨立發展者，如南管戲《高文舉》，或有屬古本系統者，如《水雲亭還魂記》，或有保留南戲原貌者莆仙戲《高文舉》，乃至於集大成者「文林閣本」《高文舉珍珠記》。南戲《高文舉》已亡佚，其中以《高文舉珍珠記》之影響最為深遠。「高文舉故事」主要情節有三：「珍珠米糷」、「還魂訴冤」、「包拯斷案」。在「文林閣本」與「莆仙本」皆有「珍珠米糷」、「龍圖斷案」，而「還魂本」有「玉真還魂」、「龍圖斷案」，至於「南管本」則一概具無，可知「南管本」在高文舉故事流變過程中之獨特性。本文主要針對各版本間之「關目情節」、「曲文賓白」等詳實比勘，剖析「高文舉」在不同聲腔劇種間之承繼與創新，並試圖重構各地聲腔在「高文舉」演化過程中之地位與價值。</p> <p> </p><p>Gao Wen Jyu of southern opera has been disappeared and present versions include Zhen Zhu Ji (Yi Yang tune), Gao Wen Jyu of Southern Pipes (Quan tune), Gao Wen Jyu of Pu Xian (Hsin Hua tune) and Revival After Death of Shui Yun Pavilion (Qing Yang tune). Among others, Zhen Zhu Ji is the most influential one. The plots such as “Window Meeting” and “Zhen Zhu Mi Lan” are not only the selected Zhe Zi operas for the later generations, but also the adapted texts of local operas. Main plots of “story of Gao Wen Jyu” are below: “Zhen Zhu Mi Lan”, “Revival After Death to Appeal for Justice” and “Master Pao’s Judgment”. Zhen Zhu Ji and “version of Pu Xian” include “Zhen Zhu Mi Lan” and “Master Pag’s Judgment”. “Version of revival after death” includes “Revival After Death of Yu Chen” and “Master Pao’s Judgment”. “Version of Southern Pipes” does not include the above. Hence, it shows the uniqueness of “version of Southern Pipes” in the evolution of “story of Gao Wen Jyu”. Varieties of plots result in the richness of “story of Gao Wen Jyu”. The process of spread reveals flexibility and regionality of local common systematic tunes and varieties of operas. </p> <p> This study will treat four versions of Gao Wen Jyu as the subjects to significantly compare and analyze the original stories and difference and similarity of related work. First, it explores present versions to recognize the evolution of the story “Gao Wen Jyu”; secondly, it precisely compares “plots” and “singing and talking” of the versions to analyze the inheritance and innovation of “story of Gao Wen Jyu” in different common systematic tunes and varieties of Chinese operas. It, on the one hand, clarifies the relationship and origin of different versions of “Gao Wen Jyu” and, on the other hand, probes into cultural characteristics of “time” and “region” of operas; finally, it attmpets to reconstruct the positions and values of common systematic tunes in different regions in the evolution process of “Gao Wen Jyu”. </p> <p> </p>

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21

Seoh, Jae-sun. "Viewing the components of ancient Chinese architecture from 《Shuo Wen Jie Zi》 -- a narrative with the theme of eaves and walls." JOURNAL OF CHINESE HUMANITIES 79 (December 31, 2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2021.12.79.25.

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22

Domashevskaya, Daria, Tatiana Shishmareva, and Elena Khamaeva. "Chinese ideographic writing as a picture of the world: theoretical approach." SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400142.

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The paper deals with an ideographic writing presented from the standpoint of systems theory, grammatology and semiotics. Ideographic writing is regarded as a natural linguistic semiotic system with its own picture of the world.Ideographic writing as a spacereflects a whole set of writing signs as the ethno-linguistic and cultural reflection of the external physical space of the world and its fixation in the graphic component of the semiosphere as they are perceived by the Chinese ethnic group. Writing as a system focuses on the hierarchical and structural aspects, on establishing its semiographic framework, formation and interpretation models of character components. Ideographic writing as a picture of the world has a semiographic framework that reveals types of knowledge structures that can be seen behind the structure of the characters. The ideographic picture of the world forms a graphic metamodel of Chinese ethno-linguistic semiosphere. Authors propose a graphic metamodel of ideographic writing system based on the semiographic approach. This approach is applied to represent a semiographic framework of the Chinese ideographic writing space, a framework that consists of 540 bushou systematised by Xu Shen in the first Chinese dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”.

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23

장혜영. "Observation of Character Conformation from Part Three of Chapter One : in Shuo-Wen-Jie-Zi - Application of？ Inscriptions on Bone and Tortoise Carapace." Journal of Chinese Cultural Studies ll, no. 10 (June 2007): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18212/cccs.2007..10.005.

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24

Lee, Kyeong-Won. "A study of comparison about quantity, lists of the Chinese Radicals between inShuo-Wen, Yu-Pian, Wujing WenZi and Zi-Hui in for regular scripts." Chinese Language Education and Research 12 (November 30, 2010): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.24285/cler.2010.11.12.147.

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25

Vinogradova, Tatiana I., and Ekaterina A. Zavidovskaia. "Preliminary Findings about the “Okulich” Collection of Chinese Popular Prints (MAE No. 3676) in the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (The Kunstkamera)." Письменные памятники Востока 17, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/wmo46853.

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There are several collections of Chinese popular woodblock prints nianhua in the fund of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences (the Kunstkamera) acquired from different collectors. The paper addresses the so-called Okulich collection (MAE No. 3676) consisting of 250 original titles, most of which possess undoubted artistic value. According to the dated sheets, the prints were produced in the last years of the 19th century, and no later than 1904. We only know that, in 1928, a man named Okulich donated these prints to the Kunstkamera. Two groups of paintings from this collection are discussed in more detail: a series of prints that represent illustrations for the main Chinese textbook The Thousand Character Essay (Qian zi wen), and those named xiaojiaochang nianhua printed in Shanghai in the early 20th century. Their scrutiny allows us to conclude that the collector was both serious and skillful in selecting sheets for this collection: apart from being fluent in Chinese, he was a connoisseur of Chinese traditional culture and lived in China for a long time. We discovered a large family with surname Okulich who lived in China in the first half of the last century, and contacted a member of this family, but she was unable to help us with identifying the potential collector.

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26

Zhenglang, Zhang. "11. A Brief Discussion on Fu Hao." Early China 9, S1 (1986): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800002984.

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ABSTRACT(N.B. A version of this paper has now been published in Kaogu 1983.6:537-41.)Fu Hao (or Fu Zi ) appears in the oracle-bone inscriptions from Anyang. The name is often seen in Period I inscriptions (from the time of Wu Ding) and occasionally in Period IV inscriptions (from the time of Wu Yi and Wen Ding). The two are separated by four kings (Zu Geng, Zu Jia, Lin Xin, and Kang Ding), perhaps by as much as one hundred years. Does the Fu Hao in both periods refer to the same person? How can we explain this phenomenon?In the oracle-bone records of people and their activities there are cases where one figure is active in different periods. These names are often also place names, and these figures possess a populace and products. These names are probably what is termed “Clan-Territory titles” (a term found in the Gu shi kao, as quoted in the “Zheng yi” commentary to the Zuo zhuan). Based on their clan name they served hereditarily as officials. These clan names occur in historical literature, as in “In the past, our former kings were for generations Lords of Millet (Hou Ji ), serving under the Yü and Xia “(Guo yü “Zhou Yü” ); or “The Zhong and Li clans generation after generation ordered heaven and earth, … the Sima clan for generation after generation was in charge of the history of Zhou” (Shi ji, “Taishigong zixu” ).

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27

왕평. "A study on the origin and flowing deformation of the term ‘Guwen’ in the dictionary of ancient Chinese on the basis of Shuo wen jie zi and Song ben yu pian." Journal of Study on Language and Culture of Korea and China ll, no. 35 (June 2014): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.16874/jslckc.2014..35.003.

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28

Li, Fan. "The researching of Joseon Dynasty book The Assisted evidence of Shuo Wen Jie Zi（《说文解字翼徵》） quoted Bronze inscriptions of Yu Tripod（《大盂鼎銘文》）." Chinese Studies 56 (September 30, 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/kacs.2016.56.56.1.

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29

van Ess, Hans. "".. . Und Cang Jie erfand die Schrift"—Ein Handbuch für den Gebrauch des Shuo Wen Jie Zi ("... And Cang Jie invented writing": A handbook for the use of the Shuowen jiezi) (review)." China Review International 6, no. 1 (1999): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.1999.0073.

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30

Na, Min Gu, and SooBin Lee. "An Analysis of Meanings and Sociolinguistic Features Shown in 說文解字今釋Shuo wen jie zi jin shi “口部字kou buzi” and 現代漢語大詞典The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary." Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics 74 (February 28, 2018): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38068/kjcl.74.14.

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31

West, Patrick L., Nathanael J. Mckeown, and Robert G. Hendrickson. "Muscle spasm associated with therapeutic use of Cang Er Zi Wan." Clinical Toxicology 48, no. 4 (January 2010): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563651003610161.

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32

Kugel, Verónica. "Ra zi ts’unt’u dängandä (Le petit prince en otomí)." Revista Trace, no. 62 (July 16, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.62.2012.461.

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Son pocas las obras que se consideran literatura universal. El Principito de Antoine de Saint-Exupéry sin duda alguna está muy arriba en las preferencias de los lectores, siendo uno de los libros más traducidos y con los mayores tirajes en el mundo. Entre las versiones “oficiales” contabilizadas por la casa editorial Gallimard y las demás, catalogadas en las páginas web de coleccionistas en varias partes del mundo, suman alrededor de 200 lenguas y variantes de lenguas. Los tirajes sólo pueden estimarse (134 millones de ejemplares según Wikipedia). En México nos habíamos quedado atrás: El Principito solamente podía leerse en español y en maya yucateco. Desde 2012 también puede leerse en hñähñu, la variante del otomí que se habla en el Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo, bajo el título Ra zi ts’unt’u dängandä, que se traduce literalmente como “El muchachito de gran prestigio”.

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Chan, Kam Wa, Tak Yee Chow, Kam Yan Yu, Yibin Feng, Lixing Lao, Zhaoxiang Bian, Vivian Taam Wong, and Sydney Chi-Wai Tang. "Effectiveness of Integrative Chinese–Western Medicine for Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 50, no. 02 (January 2022): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x2250015x.

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Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are pandemic, requiring more therapeutic options. This retrospective cohort evaluated the effectiveness, safety profile and prescription pattern of a pilot integrative medicine service program in Hong Kong. Data from 38 patients with diabetes and CKD enrolled to receive 48-week individualized add-on Chinese medicine (CM) were retrieved from the electronically linked hospital database. A 1:1 cohort was generated with patients from the same source and matched by propensity score. The primary outcomes are the change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) analyzed by analysis of covariance and mixed regression model adjusted for baseline eGFR, age, gender, duration of diabetes history, history of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and the use of insulin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. The rate of adverse events and the change of key biochemical parameters were analyzed. After a median of 51 weeks, patients who received add-on CM had stabilized eGFR (difference in treatment period: 0.74 ml/min/1.73m2, 95% CI: –1.01 to 2.50) and UACR (proportional difference in treatment period: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.34). Add-on CM was associated with significantly preserved eGFR (Inter-group difference: 3.19 ml/min/1.73m2, 95%CI: 0.32 to 6.06, [Formula: see text] 0.030) compared to standard care. The intergroup ratio of UACR was comparable (0.70, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.08, [Formula: see text] 0.104). The result is robust in sensitivity analysis with different statistical methods, and there was no interaction with CKD stage and UACR. The rate of serious adverse events (8.1% vs. 18.9%, [Formula: see text] 0.174), moderate to severe hyperkalemia (8.1% vs. 2.7%, [Formula: see text] 0.304) and hypoglycemia (13.5% vs. 5.4%, [Formula: see text] 0.223), and the levels of key biochemical parameters were comparable between groups. The top seven most used CMs contained two classical formulations, namely Liu-wei-di-huang-wan and Si-jun-zi-tang. Individualized add-on CM was associated with significant kidney function preservation and was well tolerated. Further randomized controlled trials using CM prescriptions based on Liu-wei-di-huang-wan and Si-jun-zi-tang are warranted.

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Mo, Wei. "The Gendered Space of the “Oriental Vatican”—Zi-ka-wei, the French Jesuits and the Evolution of Papal Diplomacy." Religions 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9090278.

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In a global context, the story of the Jesuit compound in Shanghai, since its establishment by French Jesuits in 1847, reflected not only conflicts between rival powers in Europe but also the fight for their interests in the Eastern world. The female Catholic orders at the east bank of Zi-ka-wei compound provided a unique window approaching the complexity. The Pope, who was stuck without legal status in the Vatican after 1861, was also seeking the chance to save the authority of the Church in the face of questions regarding the extent of his temporal power and the status of Rome in the context of Italian unification. As in the Reformation, a break-through in the east seemed to offer a solution for losses in Europe. However, the Jesuits to the East in the late 19th century were not only troops working and fighting on behalf of the Pope; their identities under the French Protectorate added complexity to an already complicated story involving not just the Church, but the course of world history. Locating the Jesuit-affiliated women and children hospice in the French Concession but outside the Zi-ka-wei compound was a result of how different conflicts played themselves out.

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Ha, Wai-Yan, Ka-Lok Wong, Wai-Yee Ma, Yuk-Yu Lau, and Wing-Han Chan. "Enhancing Testing Laboratory Engagement in Plant DNA Barcoding through a Routine Workflow—A Case Study on Chinese Materia Medica (CMM)." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101317.

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Introduction of DNA standards into Pharmacopoeia in different parts of the world enables identification of herbal materials in a complementary manner. However, little has been discussed about the quality requirements for a testing laboratory to implement DNA barcoding methods for herbal materials, which has limited the test method to be developed as a routine service. To encourage the engagement of testing laboratory in application of DNA barcode, a practical workflow including the components of analytical run and the corresponding quality control plan was suggested and employed to address a real-life challenge faced by the differentiation of plant-derived Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), Herba Potentillae Chinensis (Wei ling Cai), Herba Potentillae Discoloris (Fan Bai Cai), Radix Pulsatillae (Bai Tou Weng), and Radix Arnebiae (Zi Cao), which share similar morphological characteristics and multiple species involved. The ITS2 barcode results indicated that there are significant differences among the four CMM, together with quality control plan data to ensure the measurement traceability and validity of test results.

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Hu, Dong-Dong, Linda Li-Dan Zhong, Kun Wai, Huai-Xue Mu, Cheng-Yuan Lin, Ling Zhao, Liang Dai, Tao Huang, and Zhao-Xiang Bian for MZRW research group. "Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Renal Excretion of Ma-Zi-Ren-Wan in Health Subjects." World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 3, no. 2 (2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2016.0050.

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Eschenburg, Madeline. "Bentu – Chinese Artists in a Time of Turbulence and Transformation: Suzanne Pagé, Laurence Bossé, Philip Tinari, and Claire Staebler, eds." Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture 6 (November 30, 2017): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2017.228.

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Review of Pagé, Suzanne, Laurence Bossé, Philip Tinari, and Claire Staebler, eds. Bentu - Chinese Artists in a Time of Turbulence and Transformation: Cao Fei, Hao Liang, Hu Xiangqian, Liu Chuang, Liu Shiyuan, Liu Wei, Liu Xiaodong, Qiu Zhijie, Tao Hui, Xu Qu, Xu Zhen, Yang Fudong, exh. cat. Paris: Fondation Louis Vuitton, 2016. Texts by Suzanne Pagé, Laurence Bossé, Philip Tinari, Pierre Haski, Lu Minjun, Nikita Yingqian Cai, Sun Dongdong, Claire Staebler, Venus Lau, Sasha Zhao, Robin Peckham, Jerome Sans, Liu Tian, Yang Zi, Zhang Xiyuan, Philip Tinari, and Aimee Lin. 179 pp., 83 color ills., Paperback €35 (978 0 300 22238 8)

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Ko, Kam-Ming, and Po-Yee Chiu. "Biochemical Basis of the "Qi-Invigorating" Action of Schisandra Berry (Wu-Wei-Zi) in Chinese Medicine." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 34, no. 02 (January 2006): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x06003734.

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Schisandra berry or Wu-Wei-Zi, meaning the "the fruit of five tastes" in Chinese, is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Based on the "Five-Element" theory in TCM, while the "five tastes" of Schisandra berry refer to its influence on the five visceral organs in the body, ancient Chinese herbalists specifically trumpeted the berry's beneficial effect on the "Qi" of the five visceral organs. "Qi" is a Chinese term used as a broad description of energy-dependent body functions. Over the past ten years, our laboratory has attempted to define the biochemical properties of Schisandra berry in regard to its purported "Qi-invigorating" properties. We have found, for the first time, an ability of Schisandra berry to fortify mitochondrial antioxidant status, thereby offering the body a generalized protection against noxious challenges both of internal and external origin. Given the indispensable role of the mitochondrion in generating cellular energy, the linking of Schisandra berry to the safeguarding of mitochondrial function provides a biochemical explanation for its "Qi-invigorating" action.

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Stegmaier, Peter. "Details zur sektorengleichen Vergütung." Monitor Versorgungsforschung 16, no. 01 (February 4, 2023): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24945/mvf.01.23.1866-0533.2474.

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Pflegekräfte bekommen mehr Zeit für Patientinnen und Patienten. Der Bestand von Krankenhäusern mit einer Fachabteilung für Geburtshilfe und die stationäre Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen werden gesichert. Die Finanzierung der Hebammen wird verbessert und die ambulante Behandlung gefördert. Die Versorgungssituation für Long-Covid-Patient:innen wird verbessert: Mit dem am 29. Dezember 2022 in Kraft getretenen Krankenhaus-Pflegeentlastungsgesetz hat die Bundesregierung viele weitreichende Neuregelungen auf den Weg gebracht. So unter anderem auch die Neufassung des § 115f SGB V. Dieser Paragraf führt „eine spezielle sektorengleiche Vergütung für diejenigen Leistungen des Katalogs nach § 115b ein, die bislang überwiegend stationär erbracht und abgerechnet wurden. Das Zi-Format „Insights“ beschäftigte sich Ende November mit dem Thema und rief dazu die Ideengeber aufs virtuelle Podium.

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Cheng, Hao-Yuan, Jung Chao, Chuan-Sung Chiu, I.-Chien Hsieh, Hui-Chi Huang, Lung-Yuan Wu, and Wen-Huang Peng. "Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Wu-Zi-Yuan-Chung-Wan against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats." European Journal of Inflammation 19 (January 2021): 205873922110140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20587392211014058.

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This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective potentials of the Wu-Zi-Yuan-Chung-Wan (WZYCW) using an animal model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury. CCl4 induced chronic liver hepatotoxicity in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Excluding the control group, all of the rats with chronic liver fibrosis received 0.4% CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg of body weight, ip) twice per week for 8 weeks. WZYCW (20, 100, and 500 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) were administered five times per week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were obtained, and liver histological examinations were performed for subsequent assays. These results suggest that WZYCW considerably reduced Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), Triglyceride (TG); and cholesterol activity; and the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the liver. WZYCW also increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver tissue. WZYCW produced hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects. This is the first study to demonstrate that WZYCW expressed hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced acute hepatotoxicity in rat. In addition, the primary compound of WZCYW was analyzed using HPLC. The major peaks of WZCYW, including schizandrin. The results indicate that WZYCW not only enhances hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibits lipid peroxidation but also suppresses inflammatory responses in CCl4 induced liver damage. Our findings provide evidence that WZYCW possesses a hepatoprotective activity to ameliorate chronic liver injury.

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DIMOVSKI, VLADO, SANDRA PENGER, JUDITA PETERLIN, and MIHA UHAN. "ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP IN THE DAOIST FRAMEWORK." Journal of Enterprising Culture 21, no. 04 (December 2013): 383–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495813500167.

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By embracing creativity and innovation, an entrepreneur's products or services can bring about business growth, productivity improvement, job and wealth creation, an enhanced image for the economy, and ultimately a better quality of life for all. As such, entrepreneurs are an extremely important part of the global economy and of society as a whole. However, as small founder-driven companies tend to grow into larger organisations, the issue of leadership soon becomes of vital importance. In this paper, we discuss a two-phase entrepreneurial leadership model, presenting the challenges entrepreneurs have to meet for a successful transition from phase one of formative growth into phase two of institutional growth. Quoting chapters from the Daodejing, we provide a Daoist framework of entrepreneurial leadership as a response to these challenges and as an alternative to the traditional Confucian and Legalist frameworks. We especially emphasise the concepts of wei wu wei, zi ran, and wateristic leadership personality within the article.

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Branagan, David. "Earth, Sky and Prayer in Harmony. Aspects of the Interesting Life of Father Edward Pigot, SJ, BA, MB, BCH (1858-1929), a Jesuit Seismologist: Part 1." Earth Sciences History 29, no. 1 (June 8, 2010): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.29.1.j1014m0u3352425u.

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Edward Francis Pigot (1858-1929) spent the last twenty-four years of his life as Director of the Observatory of the Jesuit ‘Riverview’ College, Sydney, Australia. Specialising in seismology and earth deformation, he established a worldwide reputation for his work in this field. In the years to 1911 he also participated in two eclipse expeditions. Irish-born Pigot, a fine musician from his youth, graduated first in arts and medicine and became a medical missionary in China until ill health forced his move into scientific work at Zi-Ka-Wei near Shanghai before moving finally to Riverview in 1907. Pigot's personality gained him many friends in the international seismology field. They included the Japanese F. Omori, the German G. Angenheister, and the Russian Count B. Galitsin.

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Yan, Liu, Cao Tong, and Lou Yuxia. "Effect of environmental change on species diversity of bryophytes: a case study in Xujiahui (Zi ka Wei) area, Shanghai." Biodiversity Science 16, no. 2 (2008): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2008.07366.

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Wu, De-Ling, Tong-Sheng Wang, Wei Zhang, Jun-Song Wang, Dai-Yin Peng, and Ling-Yi Kong. "NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the effects of Wu-Zi-Yan-Zong-Wan on triptolide-induced oligospermia in rats." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 265 (January 2021): 113192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113192.

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Li, Ke-Jie, Yang-Yang Liu, Dong Wang, Pei-Zheng Yan, De-Chao Lu, and Dong-Sheng Zhao. "Radix Asteris: Traditional Usage, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of An Important Traditional Chinese Medicine." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 5388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175388.

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Radix Asteris (RA), also known as ‘Zi Wan’, is the dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f., which has been used to treat cough and asthma in many countries such as China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. This article summarizes the available information on RA in ancient Chinese medicine books and modern research literature: its botanical properties, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, toxicity and quality control. Studies have shown that RA extracts contain terpenes, triterpenoid saponins, organic acids, peptides and flavonoids, and have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and anti-depression. RA is considered to be a promising medicinal plant based on its traditional use, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. However, there are few studies on its toxicity and the consistency of its components, which indicates the need for further in-depth studies on the toxicity and quality control of RA and its extracts.

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Yin, Minzhen, Mei Yang, Shanshan Chu, Renqing Li, Yujiao Zhao, Huasheng Peng, Zhilai Zhan, and Hai Feng Sun. "Quality Analysis of Different Specification Grades of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Huangqi) from Hunyuan, Shanxi." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0308.

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Abstract Background: Huangqi is a famous Chinese medicinal material whose Dao-di producing area is Hunyuan, Shanxi. Huangqi produced in Hunyuan, Shanxi, were divided into several different specifications and grades according to the diameters and different positions of root system. Objective: This article investigates the quantitative characteristics of chemical compositions in different specifications and grades of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus roots, aiming to elucidate the correlation between specifications and/or grades and chemical compositions in Huangqi. Methods: Based on the field investigation, samples of Huangqi collected from Hunyuan, Shanxi, were divided into different specifications and grades. The content of seven flavonoids and five saponins in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus roots of different specifications and grades were determined simultaneously by HPLC–diode–array detection–evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC–DAD–ELSD). Results: Huangqi was processed by traditional methods, and its commercial specification was classified by different parts of the root system, such as ge-da-tou, hong-lan-qi, zheng-bai-qi, fu-bai-qi, mao-wei-zi, and qi-jian. The total content of seven flavonoids and five saponins in ge-da-tou, qi-jian were lower. The total content of seven flavonoids in hong-lan-qi was much higher, while that of five saponins was much lower. The total content of seven flavonoids in lateral roots or fibrous roots were higher, and that of five saponins was lower, such as zheng-bai-qi, fu-bai-qi, and mao-wei-zi. According to the root diameters, Huangqi was classified to special grade, grade I, grade II, grade III, grade IV, or grade V. Among six grades of Huangqi, the total content of seven flavonoids in grade III, grade IV, and grade V were lower, while the total content of five saponins in them were much higher. Conclusions: There is an obvious difference on the distribution pattern of contents of seven flavonoids and five saponins in Huangqi of different specifications and grades, which provide a certain scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Huangqi. Highlights: The content of seven flavonoids and five saponins in Huangqi were determined by HPLC-DAD-ELSD. The relationship between the commercial specification grades and chemical components of Dao-di herbs Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Huangqi ) from Hunyuan, Shanxi were revealed, which provided a chemical basis for the classification of commercial specification grades of dao-herbs Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Huangqi ) from Hunyuan, Shanxi.

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Tseng, Chu-Yao, Ching-Wen Huang, Hsin-Chia Huang, and Wei-Chen Tseng. "Utilization Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine among Fracture Patients: A Taiwan Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1706517.

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) divides fracture treatment into three stages. Many TCM herbs and formulas have been used to treat fractures for thousands of years. However, research regarding the Chinese herbal products (CHPs) that should be used at different periods of treatment is still lacking. This study aims to identify the CHPs that should be used at different periods of treatment as well as confirm the TCM theory of fracture periods medicine. We used prescriptions of TCM outpatients with fracture diagnoses analyzed using the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) from 2000 to 2015. According to the number of days between the date of the fracture and the clinic visit date, all patients were assigned to one of three groups. Patients with a date gap of 0-13 days were assigned to the early period group; those with a date gap of 14-82 days were assigned to the middle period group; and those with a date gap of 83-182 days were assigned to the late period group. We observed the average number of herbal formulas prescribed by the TCM doctor at each visit was 2.78, and the average number of single herbs prescribed was 6.47. The top three prescriptions in the early fracture period were Zheng-gu-zi-jin-dang, Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, and Wu-ling-san. In the middle fracture period, the top three formulas were Zheng-gu-zi-jin-dang, Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, and Zhi-bai-di-huang-wan. In the late fracture period, the top three formulas were Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, Gui-lu-er-xian-jiao, and Du-huo-ji-sheng-tang. The main single herbs used in the early fracture period were Yan-hu-suo, Gu-sui-bu, and Dan-shen. From the middle to the late period, the most prescribed single herbs were Xu-duan, Gu-sui-bu, and Yan-hu-suo. We concluded that the results showed that the CGRD utilization pattern roughly meets the TCM theory at different fracture periods.

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Yin, Qingsheng, Lin Zhang, Xu Han, Hanyu Zhang, Fang Wang, Xiuping Qin, Pengwei Zhuang, and Yanjun Zhang. "Zi Shen Wan Fang regulates kynurenine metabolism to alleviate diabetes-associated cognitive impairment via activating the skeletal muscle PGC1α-PPARα signaling." Phytomedicine 99 (May 2022): 154000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154000.

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Wang, Yi-Ru, Li Liu, Xiao-Yun Wang, Qiong Wang, Min Yao, Xue-jun Cui, Jian-Chun Mao, et al. "The efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Niu Bang Zi granule combined with methotrexate in treating active rheumatoid arthritis." Medicine 98, no. 6 (February 2019): e14424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014424.

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Mo, Wei. "Jesuit Rhetoric and Language Studies in Modern Shanghai." Religions 13, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13121129.

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From the sixteenth century onwards, the Jesuit educational model, as well as the method of evangelization propounded by the same religious Order, have been relying on the mastery of certain rhetorical techniques and, notably, in strong linguistic competency. This contribution examines how the Jesuits in modern Shanghai understood and put into application their traditional focus on rhetoric in the semi-colonial context of the time. After having recalled how Jesuits engaged with Chinese language and discourse in the Ming and early Qing dynasties, we take the 1923 Catalogue of the Jesuit publications in the missionary enclave of Zi-ka-wei as a reference point so as to describe and assess a number of trends that we summarize as follows. A privileged relationship was maintained between Latin and ancient Chinese and a growing interest in the “margins” and the way to address them efficiently triggered a renewal of ethnographic and linguistic studies; specifically, the expertise developed in dialectology testifies to the change that was occurring in the way to rhetorically address hearts and minds.

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