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1

Werber, Bill. Memories of a ballplayer: Bill Werber and baseball in the 1930s. Cleveland, OH: Society for American Baseball Research, 2001.

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2

Ondaatje, Michael. De verzamelde werken van Billy the Kid: Linkshandige gedichten. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Ooievaar, 1998.

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3

Kolářová, Eva. Das Theresienstadt-Bild in Werken der Häftlinge 1941-1945. Ústí nad Labem: Albis international pro Ústav slovansko-germánských studií UJEP, 1998.

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4

Bild-Lektüren: Studien zur Visualität in Werken Elias Canettis. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2013.

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5

Das Bild des Deutschen in den Werken von Bolesław Prus. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2004.

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6

Bibliothek, Herzog August, and Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, eds. Poeta wohin?--: Manchmal, wenn Text und Bild eins werden : vom Malerbuch zur Buchskulptur. Wolfenbüttel: Herzog August Bibliothek, 2002.

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7

Seelen, Manja. Das Bild der Frau in Werken deutscher Künstlerinnen und Künstler der neuen Sachlichkeit. Münster: Lit, 1995.

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8

Zwischen Ölskizze und Bild: Untersuchungen zu Werken von John Constable, Eugene Delacroix und Adolph Menzel. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2004.

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9

Wiemer, Anna Caroline. Das Bild der Stadt in Werken rheinischer Maler vom Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis 1933. [Köln?: s.n.], 1989.

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10

Freymüller, Renate. Das Bild der Frau in Federico García Lorcas dramatischen Werken als Weiterentwicklung einer Konstante der spanischen Literatur. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-04205-7.

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11

Freymüller, Renate. Das Bild der Frau in Federico García Lorcas dramatischen Werken als Weiterentwicklung einer Konstante der spanischen Literatur. Stuttgart: M & P, 1994.

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12

Das Bild der "Dritten Welt" in Werken der deutschen Gegenwartsliteratur vom Ausgang der vierziger bis in die achtziger Jahre. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1995.

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13

(Germany), Potsdam, and Potsdam-Museum, eds. Stadt-Bild / Kunst-Raum: Entwürfe der Stadt in Werken von Potsdamer und Ost-Berliner Künstlerinnen und Künstlern (1949-1990). Berlin: Lukas, 2014.

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14

Ich hasse nicht die Schweiz, sondern die Verlogenheit: Das Schweiz-Bild in Max Frischs Werken "Graf Öderland", "Stiller" und "Achtung, die Schweiz" und ihre zeitgenössische Kritik. Zürich: Chronos, 1998.

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15

"Ich habe keinen Gott, aber Gott hat mich": Ernst Barlachs Bild vom verborgenen Gott und vom "Werden" des Menschen : über die Rolle der Religion in seinem Denken und Werk. Hamburg: Ernst Barlach Gesellschaft, 2007.

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16

Werber, Bill, and C. Paul Rogers. Memories of a Ballplayer: Bill Werber and Baseball in the 1930s. Society for American Baseball Research, 2000.

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17

Charles, Parkinson. 8 East Africa. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231935.003.0008.

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The East African dependencies of Tanganyika, Uganda, and Kenya were the location of the final stage in the development of the Colonial Office policy on bills of rights. In Kenya, there was a minority European settler community that wanted a bill of rights, so the British Government agreed to a bill of rights for Kenya's pre self-government constitution of 1960. Once it was decided that a bill of rights would be the main protection for the European population in Kenya at independence, the British Government decided to use Tanganyika to establish a precedent for Kenya. But Tanganyika firmly rejected a bill of rights despite pressure from the Colonial Office. The British Government then obtained its bill of rights precedent for Kenya without controversy in the Ugandan independence constitution. Finally in Kenya's independence constitution of 1963, a bill of rights to protect the European settlers was inserted without local dissent.
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18

Charles, Parkinson. 1 Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231935.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter defines the scope of this book by setting out the British overseas territories and the timing of their decolonization and the meaning of the term ‘bill of rights’. It also identifies the two major existing theories on the reasons for the growth of bills of rights in the British overseas territories during the 1950s and 1960s: first, that bills of rights were incorporated into colonial constitutions as a result of local demand for minority protection at independence; second, that bills of rights appeared throughout the British territories as a result of Britain's extension of the European Convention on Human Rights over her overseas territories. The chapter also explains the methodological approach of the book, namely to model the complex interrelationship between the key decision makers in each of the overseas territories examined.
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19

Charles, Parkinson. 10 Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231935.003.0010.

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This chapter summarizes the findings of this book as to the reasons for the emergence of bills of rights in Britain's overseas territories between 1950 and 1962. It draws together the findings in each of the previous chapters and addresses the following questions: What caused the British Government to change its policy from opposing to imposing bills of rights in colonial constitutions? Did the pressure for change come from within the Colonial Office, from the dependencies themselves, or from external sources? What were each group's motivations for seeking a bill of rights? Was the new policy the result of events in one dependency or a group of dependencies? And if it was the latter, how did events in each dependency contribute to the policy development?
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20

Charles, Parkinson. 4 Malaya. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231935.003.0004.

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Malaya achieved independence on 31 August 1957 with a minimalist bill of rights. The main local pressure for the bill of rights came from the Malayan Indian Congress, which was supported in its demand by the majority Malay and Chinese political parties under the umbrella of the Alliance Party. The decision to include a bill of rights in the Malayan independence constitution was made by the Reid commission. The influences on the Malayan bill of rights were primarily Asian; the rights in the constitutions of India, Pakistan, Ceylon, and Burma all figured prominently. The Reid commission conceived the bill of rights as the central feature of a fundamentally non-communal constitution. However, as the majority Malays favoured special rights for Malays in a communal state, they opposed the commission's scheme to safeguard the minority Chinese and Indian communities.
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21

Russell, Meg, and Daniel Gover. The Role of Non-Party Parliamentarians. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753827.003.0006.

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This chapter analyses the role of non-party parliamentarians, including ‘Crossbenchers’ and bishops in the House of Lords, in the Westminster legislative process and parliament’s impact on policy. Westminster is highly unusual in having around 200 members in the Lords who take no party whip, and who have the potential to influence decision-making as ‘pivotal voters’. Many of these members are recognized experts, with considerable persuasive power. This chapter summarizes their organization, the (very limited) existing literature on their contribution, and the roles that they played on the 12 case study bills. In several cases, non-party parliamentarians were vocal, and successful, in securing legislative change. More generally, this group has subtle forms of influence over the whole dynamic of debate in the Lords, and in parliament’s power of ‘anticipated reactions’. Under the coalition government, particularly on the Welfare Reform Bill, such parliamentarians were more assertive, but with limited policy success.
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22

Francesca, Mazza. Ch.9 Assignment of rights, transfer of obligations, assignment of contracts, s.1: Assignment of rights, Art.9.1.2. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0171.

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This commentary analyses Article 9.1.2 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC). According to Art 9.1.2, Section 9.1 of the PICC does not apply to transfers made under the special rules governing the transfers of instruments such as negotiable instruments, documents of title or financial instruments, or of rights in the course of transferring a business. This means that Section 9.1 of the PICC still applies with respect to such instruments or rights if they were assigned by way of a ‘normal’ assignment; that is, not under the special rules. However, the Official Comment makes clear that this is only valid if such transfer is allowed under the domestic law. The Official Comment mentions the bill of exchange as a negotiable instrument, the documents of title mentioned in the Official Comment are bills of lading or warehouse receipts — and the financial instruments are stocks and bonds.
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23

Buchler, Justin. The Collective Action Problem in Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0006.

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The manner in which the House of Representatives passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2010 demonstrated the principles of the unified model and the concept of “preference-preserving influence.” Representative Bart Stupak led a group of pro-life Democrats who threatened to sink the Senate’s unamended version of the bill, which the House needed to pass once Scott Brown won a special election, and Democrats could no longer invoke cloture on a House-Senate reconciliation bill. Any one of Stupak’s group could vote against the bill without causing the bill to fail and had electoral incentives to do so, but each had policy reasons to prefer passage, meaning that they were subject to a collective action problem. Party leadership solved that collective action problem, and without party leadership doing so, the Affordable Care Act would not have passed.
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24

Charles, Parkinson. 3 Sudan. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231935.003.0003.

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The Sudan Self-Government Statute of 1953 contained the first bill of rights written in a territory under British dominion. The timetable for Sudan's constitutional decolonization and the content of its constitutional instrument were heavily influenced by international considerations, specifically because Britain shared dominion over the Sudan with Egypt and Egypt controlled the geopolitically crucial Suez Canal. Cold War politics then dictated that British policy on the Sudan was closely linked to Britain's negotiations with the Egyptian Government about a defence treaty over the Suez Canal. The impetus for the bill of rights came from educated northern Sudanese politicians who, inspired by international human rights instruments, saw a bill of rights as an aspirational statement of the Sudan's desire to become an independent nation state.
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25

HP, Lee. 2 The Constitutional Crisis of 1983. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755999.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the constitutional crisis of 1983, which focused on the King’s power to assent to legislation in relation to federal legislation and on the State Rulers’ equivalent power in relation to State legislation. The crisis should be viewed while considering that amendments to the Federal Constitution are common in Malaysia. However, intense national interest was generated by the refusal of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Ahmad Shah, to assent to the Constitution (Amendment) Bill 1983. What was the significance of the 1983 Amendment Bill? What were the motives of the government in mooting the amendments? The chapter reviews the chain of events and clarifies many of the constitutional issues that were clouded by the confrontation between the dissenting parties.
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26

Fernandes, Sujatha. Out of the Home, into the House. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190618049.003.0004.

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This chapter examines how curated storytelling in legislative advocacy campaigns redirected migrant domestic workers away from oppositional strategies. During the campaign for a Domestic Workers Bill of Rights in New York State, storytelling at the legislature and in the media helped to draw mainstream attention to the plight of domestic workers but also truncated larger political possibilities. Domestic worker stories were publicly disseminated through limiting media tropes, they were reframed using hegemonic myths in legislative debates, and they were couched in the language of Hollywood narratives. These stories were severed from the root causes of injustice and from strategies to address these causes. Over the course of the Bill of Rights campaign, the heavy involvement of advocacy networks and foundations in shaping the strategies and narratives employed by the groups ultimately narrowed the goals of the movement and resulted in limited changes for migrant domestic workers.
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27

Preußer, Heinz-Peter, ed. Gewalt im Bild. Schüren Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783741000843.

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In dem interdisziplinär ausgerichteten Band zu Bewegtbild (Film, Computerspiel) und statischem Bild (Foto, Malerei, Druckgrafik) geht es darum, die Kontexte und dispositiven Rahmen zu klären, in denen Gewalt im Bild dargeboten wird. Was ist textuell angelegt und zu dechiffrieren für den Betrachter? Welche Selbstreferenzialisierungs- und Emotionalisierungsstrategien werden wirksam? Was ändert die Häufigkeit des Medienkonsums, was propagandistische Absicht?
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28

Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. Restoration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0013.

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This chapter describes the policy initiatives undertaken in school education during the second stint of Arjun Singh as Minister, MHRD, which was a continuation of the political offensive against the BJP during his first stint. It outlines the work of the CABE Committee on textbooks used in all types of schools including schools run by religious and social organizations. It critiques the National Curricular Framework (NCF), 2005, and describes the criticism that NCF elicited from historians of the Marxist-Secular school who were hitherto allies of Arjun Singh. It describes the controversy generated by cartoons a NCERT textbook prepared after NCF, 2005, particularly a cartoon on Ambedkar. It gives a blow-by-blow account of the development of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Elementary Education (RTE) Bill, and highlights the competing conceptualizations of the Bill as well as the politics underlying that policy development.
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29

Angst und Urvertrauen: Fünfzehnte Rechenschaft "Das Bild vom Menschen" , wie ist es heute, wie soll es werden. Zürich: M & T Verlag, 1985.

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30

Laats, Adam. Nightmare on College Avenue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665623.003.0008.

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During the late 1960s and early 1970s, a wave of protest and counterprotest rocked college campuses nationwide. Evangelical and fundamentalist schools were no different, though the protests usually took on the tones of the evangelical/fundamentalist family feud. Students fought for and against a list of reform ideas, including ideas about American policy in Vietnam, free speech for students, and greater freedom from traditional lifestyle rules for students. Perhaps more important than these headline-grabbing protests, however, were the radical changes in demography and college attendance fueled by the baby boom and the GI Bill. Just as they did on all campuses, these trends utterly transformed fundamentalist and evangelical schools.
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31

Zbíral, Robert, ed. The Cradle of Laws. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748905899.

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In almost all states, laws (statutes) serve as the most important instruments to prompt social, economic or institutional change. Parliaments traditionally used to be considered as the locus of law-making, yet observers of politics pointed out that it had rather been the government (executive) that affects the outputs of the legislative game more prominently. Statistical data reveal that in most cases the governmental bills submitted to parliaments are adopted unchanged. Despite that little attention has been aimed at the previous phase of the legislative process: drafting and negotiating of bills within the executives. This book narrows the knowledge gap and analyse in detail who and how prepare the bills in their “cradle”. Six countries of Central Europe were selected for the analysis to provide comparable knowledge. The chapters, written by experienced scholars with local knowledge, have both descriptive and analytical dimensions and evaluate also practical functioning of the system in each state.
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32

Meyer, Ralph, ed. XXXVI. Internationales μ-Symposium – Bremsen-Fachtagung. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186806123.

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Verehrte Gäste des μ-Symposiums, liebe Mitglieder des μ-Clubs, wir freuen uns, Sie zum XXXVI. Internationalen μ-Symposium am 27.10.2017 in Bad Neuenahr begrüßen zu können. Die Verdienste von Herrn Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Bert Breuer als langjähriger Präsident des μ-Clubs werden zu Beginn der diesjährigen Konferenz durch seinen ehemaligen Mitarbeiter und Mitherausgeber des Bremsenhandbuchs Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karlheinz H. Bill gewürdigt. Im Rahmen des Auftakts wird zudem die fünfte Auflage dem Fachpublikum erstmals vorgestellt. Uns erwarten Konferenzbeiträge zu den Themen des Radverbundes (Daimler) und zur neuen Simulationsmethodik bei der Ermittlung der Bremsflüssigkeitstemperatur (Opel). Weitere Referate behandeln das Thema Leichtbau bei Bremsbelagrückenplatten (NUCAP) sowie Erläuterungen zur Prozesskette vom Konzept, Entwicklung bis zur Erprobung von Radbremssystemen bei schweren Nutzfahrzeugen (BPW). Abseits der rein technischen Themen wird das „Marktmodell der Tran...
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33

Whitmire, Ethelene. The Harlem Experimental Theatre. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038501.003.0006.

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This chapter explores Regina's involvement with the Harlem Experimental Theatre. Regina's participation in the little theater movement began with her involvement with the theater company founded by her friend W. E. B. Du Bois. Sometime during 1924, Du Bois contacted Supervising Librarian Ernestine Rose and asked for permission to use the basement of the 135th Street Branch for a theater group, named the CRIGWA (Crisis Guild of Writers and Artists) Players—which was later changed to KRIGWA. Du Bois wanted to use the basement stage to produce three or four plays in 1926 and from four to six plays in 1927. Both Regina and her husband Bill were members of the KRIGWA Players board.
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34

Ethik und Technik: Das bild vom Menschen; wie ist es heute - wie soll es werden; Engadiner Kollegiumtagung 1988, neunzehnte Rechenschaft. Zurich: M & T Verlag, 1989.

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35

Smith, Tony. After the Cold War: Wilsonianism Resurgent? Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154923.003.0011.

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This chapter examines the United States's Wilsonianism in the post-Cold War era, first under George H. W. Bush and then under Bill Clinton. It considers how Bush, who became president as the Soviet Union was disintegrating and its leaders were looking for a new framework of understanding with the West, used Wilsonianism to address the question of establishing a world order favorable to American national security. It also discusses various Bush initiatives that were designed to establish a new world order after the cold war, Clinton's selective approach to liberal democratic internationalism, the effects of liberal economic practices on American national security, and the link between nationalism and liberal democracy. Finally, it assesses some of the challenges involved in the United States' efforts to bring about stable constitutional governance in many parts of the world.
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36

McCrudden, Christopher. CEDAW in National Courts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697570.003.0022.

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This chapter presents the methodology and findings of a comparative international law study of national judicial use of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, one of the key human rights covenants that go to make up what has been called the international Bill of Rights. The chapter is structured as follows. Section II presents a brief outline of CEDAW in order to locate what follows. Section III provides a detailed analysis of the methodology adopted in undertaking the study, including a discussion of the sources used in compiling a detailed dataset of judicial opinions and how the questions used to analyze this dataset were formulated. Section IV presents the basic findings that resulted from this analysis. Section V concludes.
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37

Schiller, Wendy J., and Charles Stewart. Political Dynamics and Senate Representation. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691163161.003.0005.

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This chapter explores the links between the indirect electoral mechanism and patterns of representational behavior that appear to differ markedly from that exhibited by U.S. senators today. Specifically, it examines whether U.S. senators' institutional activities were connected to the dynamics underlying their election to office—for example, whether their election was resolved on the first ballot or required joint session balloting to resolve, and their margin of victory. The chapter proceeds in three parts. First, it presents a quantitative analysis of the patterns of separate or joint elections along with the number of ballots it took to resolve elections once they moved into joint session. Second, it assesses the relationship between how senators were elected and key indicators of legislative activity, such as bill sponsorship, committee assignments, and roll call voting. Third, it compares the behavior of senators elected under indirect elections to their directly elected modern-day counterparts.
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38

Jones, David K. Michigan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677237.003.0003.

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Michigan very nearly was the first Republican-led state to create its own health insurance exchange. By November 2012, legislation to create an exchange had passed the Michigan Senate and was supported by Governor Snyder and the Speaker of the House. A broad coalition of interest groups lobbied in favor of a state-based exchange, including insurers, businesses, providers, hospitals, and consumer advocates. They were opposed by passionate Tea Party leaders using “targeted activism” to make their presence felt. As in Mississippi, they were supported by national and state conservative think tank organizations. Opponents at the last minute attached an abortion amendment to the key bill and the House Health Policy Committee voted down authorizing legislation in November 2012, killing the possibility of a Michigan-run exchange. Governor Snyder tried to establish a partnership exchange but was blocked by the legislature refusing to appropriate money the state had been promised in federal grants.
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39

Laats, Adam. Billy Graham Was a Transfer Student. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665623.003.0006.

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By the 1950s, tensions within the world of fundamentalism led to a new effort at reform. Self-proclaimed neo-evangelical reformers hoped to strip away some of the unnecessary harshness of fundamentalist traditions while remaining truly evangelical Christians. Often these reforms were personified in the revival campaigns of evangelist Billy Graham. The network of fundamentalist schools struggled to figure out its relationship to this new divide in the fundamentalist family. Some schools embraced the reform, while others decried it. At the same time, faculty members at all the schools wrestled with strict supervision of their religious beliefs and teaching. From time to time, schools purged suspect faculty members, as in the 1953 firing of Ted Mercer at Bob Jones University.
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40

Steinberg, Marc I. Twentieth Century Legislative Proposals—Federal Incorporation and Related Efforts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199934546.003.0002.

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This chapter addresses the dozens of bills introduced in Congress as well as other proposals to mandate federal incorporation or to require the establishment of federal minimum standards. Indeed, at no point in U.S. history was the concept of federal incorporation more debated in Congress than the 1903–1914 period. Hence, the concept of federalizing corporate governance in the United States has been advocated, with varying degrees of vigor, for well over a century. Although none of these bills were enacted, they nonetheless play an ongoing role in the corporate governance dialogue. By providing this historical presentation in conjunction with analysis of the modern-day relevance of these legislative proposals, the chapter significantly contributes to the development of the law with respect to the federalization of corporate governance. The chapter also contains Appendices that provide highlights of the key legislative proposals as well as pertinent legislative history.
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41

Riley, Barry. Public Law 480. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190228873.003.0010.

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By 1954, U.S. government-owned food stocks were expanding rapidly, the result of a broad failure in domestic agricultural policy. Not only had it been extremely costly for taxpayers to pay farmers for these unneeded commodities, but the surpluses threatened to destabilize agricultural markets. Congress determined that the subsidized sales of these commodities to overseas customers was a good way to reduce the size of domestic surpluses and passed legislation to sell them for local currencies, which would be reinvested in the recipient countries to spur growth, or to barter them for raw materials the United States needed. At the last minute, a grant program was added to the legislation providing food relief to undernourished people in the world’s poorer countries. President Eisenhower signed the bill in July 1954. This was the beginning of America’s modern international food aid programs.
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42

Schiller, Dan. Beyond a U.S.-centric Internet? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0013.

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This chapter examines the mechanism of the United States's internet control over the Domain Name System (DNS). The mechanism of U.S. internet control over the DNS was formalized after President Bill Clinton directed the Commerce Department to privatize the DNS in 1997. Legal contracts were drawn up, binding the Department to a for-profit corporation called VeriSign and to a private, not-for-profit corporation, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The chapter considers the Commerce Department's DNS initiative as an example of the geopolitics of today's internet, an extraterritorial projection of U.S. policymaking that was extraordinary for transforming into a venue where other countries mounted a concerted diplomatic challenge to U.S. power. The chapter also discusses the multi-stakeholderism in U.S.-centric internet and Edward Snowden's revelations regarding the National Security Agency's surveillance of global internet traffic.
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43

Cifre Wibrow, Patricia, Arno Gimber, and Toni Tholen, eds. Fakten und Fiktionen im Zwischenraum: Autoästhetische Praktiken im 21. Jahrhundert. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/0aq0289.

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Auf das Konzept des Zwischenräumlichen fokussiert, befasst sich dieser Band mit den komplexen Verhältnissen von Fakten und Fiktionen im Rahmen autoästhetischer Praktiken, in denen Autobiographisches und Fiktionales gezielt verbunden werden. Es geht dabei um Schreib- und andersmediale Praktiken, die allesamt die Perspektive eines sozial, (inter)kulturell und körperlich situierten und sich selbst ästhetisch situierenden Ich in den Mittelpunkt stellen. In den Blick kommen damit Inszenierungen des Selbst sowie der Zwischenraum der Selbstmodellierung, der zwischen Text und Bild entsteht oder zwischen gedrucktem Text und digitaler Erweiterung, Virtualisierung und reflexiver Vervielfältigung.
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44

Fay, Jennifer. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696771.003.0007.

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Cinema is a record of the Anthropocene, and not just because it has recorded the changing planet. Celluloid is already embedded in the geological record. Bill Morrison’s film Dawson City: Frozen Time tells the story of how nitrate films were buried in the Yukon permafrost and unearthed decades later. Considered hazardous material, the nitrate film reels are also our cultural heritage. We can read the film as a lamentation that humanity and its culture are impermanent and its archives in jeopardy. But when we consider that so many films have been dumped, burned, and buried, we may be struck with the melancholic possibility that humanity and its culture will never disappear from the earth. In time, the human artifacts on the planet and the traces of humanity’s artificial life worlds will be the nature upon which future life forms create their worlds and rituals of hospitality.
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45

Jones, David K. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677237.003.0001.

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The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the most significant health reform legislation enacted in generations. However, politics does not end after a bill is signed into law. This chapter outlines why states were given such a prominent role in the implementation of core elements of the ACA, including the health insurance exchanges. This sets the stage for the question of this book: given that state leaders say they want flexibility and that Republicans say they prefer market-oriented reforms, why did so many states reject state control over exchanges? I outline the four main insights from the case study chapters: (1) the importance of governors, (2) the power of the Tea Party, (3) the ways in which differences in institutional design and procedures shaped policy outcomes, and (4) the importance of leadership. I ask whether this episode supports or undermines the federalism notion of states as laboratories of learning.
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46

Curtis, Cathy. East Hampton, Pro Sports, and the Separation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498474.003.0005.

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A party the de Koonings attended at the home of Fritz Hensler in 1952 was an alcohol-fueled example of Artists Behaving Badly—increasingly common as the decade progressed. During the summers of 1952 and 1953, the de Koonings were guests of art dealer Leo Castelli and his wife in East Hampton. Bill’s fierce-looking Woman paintings, shown in 1953, embroiled Elaine in controversy. In spring 1954, she had her first one-person show, at the Stable Gallery—portraits and paintings of basketball games, based on games at Madison Square Garden, photos in tabloid newspapers, and compositions from Old Master paintings. Although she had long lived apart from Bill, the birth of his daughter with Joan Ward marked a turning point in the marriage. The de Koonings separated in 1957. The brooding, largely abstract paintings she showed at Tibor de Nagy Gallery that November seemed to reflect her state of mind.
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Curtis, Cathy. Portraits as Moments and Memory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498474.003.0008.

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While emphasizing a sympathetic view of her sitters’ individuality, Elaine often revealed personality-shaping forces of turmoil and discontent. Her subjects included Bill, Harold Rosenberg, Thomas Hess, Merce Cunningham, Edwin Denby, Donald Barthelme, Alex Katz, Frank O’Hara, Pelé, and, most famously, John F. Kennedy. She based her “gyroscope men” on a book by psychologist Rollo May about repressed men unable to change. Her “faceless” sitters included O’Hara, easily identifiable by his characteristic posture. Other portraits with missing facial features, all of men she knew well, may have been prompted by her unresolved feelings about them. While most of her sitters were male—she was intrigued by abstract elements of men’s suits and by men’s habitual seated postures—Elaine also painted sensitive portraits of women, including the daughters of friends. Her group portraits notably included The Burghers of Amsterdam Avenue, a group of young men undergoing treatment for drug addiction.
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Snape, Michael. GI Religion and Post-War Revival in the United States and Great Britain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798071.003.0012.

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This chapter identifies the wartime roots of the post-Second World War religious revival in the United States, stressing the importance of military service as a galvanizing force in religious terms. Far from being a product of the Cold War, or a simple echo of ‘foxhole religion’, the revival owed much to the privileged position of religion in America’s armed forces during the war years and to the resources devoted to their religious and moral well-being. Fortified by post-war prosperity and by the benefits of the GI Bill, US veterans were well placed to further the religious revival stirred by the war itself. The situation in Britain was very different. Although the war also had an invigorating effect on British religion, the economic situation of post-war Britain and the lot of veterans helped to ensure that a religious revival comparable to that in the USA failed to materialize.
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Curtis, Cathy. Loft Life, Speaking Out, and European Vistas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498474.003.0007.

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During the 1960s, Elaine lived in a succession of New York lofts, where she painted, wrote, and entertained large groups of friends—including artists, writers, and athletes. She became caught up in the Death Row case of Caryl Chessman, one of several causes she vigorously pursued. Feminism was not among them. She was equally hostile to Pop Art, scorning it as simply “a way of making money.” The mid-sixties were a troubled time for Elaine: her mother died; Bill tried to divorce her. Her drinking escalated, leading to several car accidents and embarrassing scenes. (She stopped drinking in the mid-seventies.) Elaine spent summers in Paris as a teacher at the New York Studio School, bringing a family member or student along for city excursions. A Jules Dalou sculpture in the Jardin du Luxembourg prompted her Bacchus painting series, which captured the play of dappled light and foliage on the bronze figures.
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Moore, William F., and Jane Ann Moore. Restoring the Founding Purposes, 1862. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038464.003.0010.

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This chapter examines Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy's commitment towards holding together the Union while restoring the Founding Fathers' ideology as articulated in the Declaration of Independence. It first considers the debate in the Joint Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War about who had the right to investigate whether Democratic generals were not sufficiently committed to the Union cause to engage the rebels in battle. It then discusses laws enacted in the Thirty-Seventh Congress with the aim of promoting the nation's welfare; Lovejoy's bill “to secure freedom to all persons within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federal Government”; Lincoln's proposal for gradual emancipation in the four border states; and the growing friendship between Lincoln and Lovejoy. The chapter also analyzes the Second Confiscation Act; factions within the Republican Party in the House; Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation; and Lovejoy's reelection in 1862. Finally, it addresses the question of whether Lincoln was a radical.
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