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Journal articles on the topic 'West Africa Compaction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Ba, Makhaly, Meissa Fall, Oustasse Abdoulaye Sall, and Fatou Samb. "Effect of Compaction Moisture Content on the Resilient Modulus of Unbound Aggregates from Senegal (West Africa)." Geomaterials 02, no. 01 (2012): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gm.2012.21003.

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2

J., A. Oke, O. Obaji N., and A. Ikoya A. "Strength Characteristics of Oyster Shell Ash and Periwinkle Shell Ash Stabilized Lateritic Soil for Pavement Construction." NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research 4, no. 4 (2022): 72–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7393737.

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<em>With an aim of contributing to the reduction of the greenhouse gas effect resulting from the incorporation of ordinary Portland cement as a binder material in construction and to further encourage the building of environmentally conscious structures using alternative binders, the strength characteristics of oyster shell ash and periwinkle shell ash as environmentally friendly additives to lateritic soil for pavement construction was investigated. Naturally occurring lateritic soil having a reddish-brown color was obtained from a borrow pit located at Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos

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3

Ishola, Kazeem, T. S. Ijimdiya, P. Yohanna, and K. J. Osinubi. "EVALUATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF COMPACTED IRON ORE TAILINGS TREATED LATERITIC SOIL." Platform : A Journal of Engineering 4, no. 3 (2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pajevol4iss3art8814.

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This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the evaluation of the shear strength of compacted iron ore tailings (IOT) treated lateritic soil. Lateritic soil used was treated with 0 up to 16% IOT by weight of dry soil. Test performed include index test, compaction (using British Standard Light, BSL and West Africa Standard, WAS energies) and shear strength test. One-way analysis of variance was carried out using Microsoft Excel to determine the level of significance of IOT on the treated soil. The results of the triaxial test show that there is an improvement in the shear strength

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4

Strecker, Uwe, Paola Vera de Newton, and Maggie Smith. "From qualitative to quantitative interpretation: An interpreter’s guide to fluid prediction in Pliocene to Turonian deepwater turbidites from West Africa to Asia Pacific." Interpretation 2, no. 1 (2014): SA127—SA140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0106.1.

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To mitigate exploration risk in deepwater settings, subsurface analysis increasingly has to rely on integration of qualitative with quantitative techniques. To predict pay in turbidite sandstones, proven statistical and analytical methods can routinely be run on well and seismic inversion data. However, quantitative interpretation (QI) should begin with a responsible audit of available well logs and seismic data, succeeded by data conditioning, proceeding with quality control, and placing elastic attribute responses within their geologic context. To address these issues, we evaluate geologic c

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5

K., Ishola,, Adeyemo, K.A., Kareem, M.A., and Olawuyi, M.Y. "MODELING AND EVALUATION OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF OKE-BALE SOFT SOIL AMENDED WITH CALCIUM CHLORIDE SALT." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 1 (2024): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v36.21636.

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This research aimed to model and assess the impact of calcium chloride salt (CCS) on the Oke Bale soft soil, known as Lateritic soil, in Osogbo, Nigeria, as a potential pavement material due to high cost of conventional materials. The conducted laboratory tests included particle size distribution, Liquid limit (LL), Plastic limit (PI), and Plasticity index (PI), compaction (Maximum dry density (MDD); Optimum moisture content (OMC) with compactive efforts of British Standard Light, West Africa Standard, and British Standard heavy, and unsoaked California bearing ratio (CBR) on both Oke bale sof

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6

Materechera, S. A. "Tillage and tractor traffic effects on soil compaction in horticultural fields used for peri-urban agriculture in a semi-arid environment of the North West Province, South Africa." Soil and Tillage Research 103, no. 1 (2009): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.09.001.

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7

Ijimdiya, Thomas Stephen, and Friday Elaigwu. "The Effect of Compactive Efforts on the Hydraulic Conductivity Behaviour of Oil Contaminated Lateritic Soils." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.27.

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Large quantities of oil contaminated soils result from pipeline vandalization, onshore and offshore oil spills every year in Nigeria. An extensive laboratory program was carried out to determine the effect of varying compactive efforts on the hydraulic conductivity behaviour of oil contamination lateritic soils. Hydraulic conductivity tests were carried out on both the natural and oil contaminated soil samples at the Reduced British Standard Light (RBSL), British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction energies. Contaminated specimens were

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8

Oughton, Rachel H., David A. Wooff, Richard W. Hobbs, Richard E. Swarbrick, and Stephen A. O’Connor. "A sequential dynamic Bayesian network for pore-pressure estimation with uncertainty quantification." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 2 (2018): D27—D39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0566.1.

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Pore-pressure estimation is an important part of oil-well drilling because drilling into unexpected highly pressured fluids can be costly and dangerous. However, standard estimation methods rarely account for the many sources of uncertainty, or for the multivariate nature of the system. We have developed the pore-pressure sequential dynamic Bayesian network (PP SDBN) as an appropriate solution to both these issues. The PP SDBN models the relationships between quantities in the pore-pressure system, such as pressures, porosity, lithology, and wireline-log data, using conditional probability dis

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9

Alhaji, Mustapha Mohammed, Musa Alhassan, Taiye Waheed Adejumo, and Ramatu Jibrin. "Effect of Density on Consolidation and Creep Parameters of Clay." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v5i1.16819.

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Effect of density on consolidation and creep parameters of a clay soil was investigated using a soil classified according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) as Clay of High plasticity (CH) and composing majorly of secondary minerals, including montmorillonite. The air-dried soil was compacted at five different compaction energy levels (Reduced Standard Proctor compaction energy, Standard Proctor compaction energy, West African compaction energy, Reduced Modified Proctor compaction energy, and Modified Proctor compaction energy). Specimens for consolidation tests were molded at the fi

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10

Millenia P, Devinta, Amanda Safira, Widya Utama, et al. "GEOMETRY ASSESSMENT ON THE SLOPE STABILITY OF MANYAR POND." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 3 (2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v34.18710.

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Lateritic soil was treated with 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% Rice Husk Ash (RHA) by dry soil weight to determine its consolidation properties. Test carried out include particle size distribution, specific gravity, compaction test with varying compactive efforts (British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) as well as British Standard Heavy (BSH)) and consolidation test. Samples for consolidation test were compacted and then cured for 7, 28 and 56 days; then subjected to one dimensional consolidation testing to observe the influence of curing period and compactive effort on its consoli

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11

Rotimi, Oluremi Johnson, Bamigboye Gideon Olukunle, Afolayan Olaniyi Diran, B. Iyanda Olayinka, and A. Bello Usman. "Strength Enhancement Potential of Spent Calcium Carbide on Fine Grained Lateritic Soil." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 1 (2021): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.156.

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Effect of spent calcium carbide (SCC) on index and strength properties of lateritic soil at differ- ent compactive efforts was assessed in this study as potential means of improving the geotechnical properties of the subsoil as well as disposing of SCC as waste. SCC was admixed with the soil using 0 to 10 % by dry weight of soil at an incremental rate of 2%. The following tests were carried out on the samples: specific gravity, Atterberg limit, particle size distribution, compaction, and California bearing ratio (CBR). Compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out using

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12

Adrian Oshioname, Eberemu, Yohanna Paul, Aliyu Mustapha, and Abdu-Aguye Abdullahi. "CONSOLIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LATERITIC SOIL TREATED WITH RICE HUSK ASH." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 1 (2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v34.17663.

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Lateritic soil was treated with 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% rice husk ash (RHA) by dry weight of soil to determine its consolidation properties. Test carried out include; particle size distribution, specific gravity, compaction test with varying compactive efforts (British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) as well as British Standard Heavy (BSH)) and consolidation test. Samples for consolidation test were compacted and then cured for 7, 28 and 56 days; then subjected to one dimensional consolidation testing to observe the influence of curing period and compactive effort on its consolid

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13

Fall, Meissa, Seydou Ba, Déthiè Sarr, Makhaly Ba, and Mapathé Ndiaye. "An Alternative Method to the West African Compaction (WAC) Test Procedure." Geomaterials 01, no. 02 (2011): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gm.2011.12004.

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14

Moses, George, Oriola F. O. Peter, and Kolawole J. Osinubi. "Desiccation-Induced Volumetric Shrinkage of Compacted Metakaolin-Treated Black Cotton Soil for a Hydraulic Barriers System." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 1 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjce-2016-0001.

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AbstractBlack cotton soil treated with up to 24% metakaolin (MCL) content was prepared by molding water contents of −2, 0, 2, 4 and 6% of optimum moisture content (OMC) and compacted with British Standard Light (BSL) and West African Standard (WAS) or ‘Intermediate’ energies. The specimens were extruded from the compaction molds and allowed to air dry in a laboratory in order to assess the effect of desiccation-induced shrinkage on the compacted mix for use as a hydraulic barrier in a waste containment application. The results recorded show that the volumetric shrinkage strain (VSS) values wer

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15

Edeh, Joseph E., Adrian O. Eberemu, and James Mzuaor Aburabul. "Effect of Compactive Efforts on the Strength Properties of Groundnut Shell Ash Stabilized Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.12.

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Large quantities of groundnut shell ash (GSA) are generated from the combustion of groundnut shell, disposed in large quantities on production sites while large volume of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) aggregates are also generated during pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction and disposed along road alignments. This paper presents results of the laboratory evaluation of the effect of compactive efforts on the strength properties of GSA stabilized RAP with a view to determining its suitability as highway pavement material in pavement constructions. The RAP-GSA mixtures were subjected to

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16

Anande, J. T., and I. Nanen. "Synthesis and Application of Rice Husk-Based Nanosilica in Lateritic Soil Improvement." International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management 13, no. 1 (2025): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol13n14150.

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The study evaluated the effect of nanosilica extracted from rice husk ash using the acid wash method on some geotechnical propertities of lateritic soil treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 % by weight of nano silica content and compacted using the West African standard compactive effort. Samples were subjected to index, compaction, unconfined compressive strength and permeability tests. Tests results the showed that addition of nanosilica to lateritic soil increases liquid limit and plastic limit values but decreases the plasticity index values. Lateritic soil treated with nanosilica reduces the

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17

Ochepo, J. "Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Hydraulic Conductivity and Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Bentonite Enhanced Waste Foundry Sand." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 5, no. 1 (2020): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/0202/50(0190).

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A laboratory study of the hydraulic conductivity, (HC), and unconfined compressive strength, (UCS), of compacted bentonite enhanced waste foundry sand (BEWFS) treated with rice husk ash, (RHA) for possible use as liner material is presented. The bentonite enhanced waste foundry sand, BEWFS, was obtained by blending waste foundry sand (WFS) with 12% bentonite by weight of the WFS and mixing the resulting blend thoroughly to obtain a homogenous mix. RHA was added to the BEWFS in increment of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% respectively of the dry weight of the BEWFS. The entire blended material was thoroughl

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18

Oluremi, Johnson R., Adrian O. Eberemu, Stephen T. Ijimdiya, and Kolawole J. Osinubi. "Lateritic Soil Treated with Waste Wood Ash As Liner in Landfill Construction." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 2 (2019): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2023.

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ABSTRACTInherent variability in engineering properties of lateritic soil in relation to its plasticity, permeability, strength, workability, and natural moisture content, has made it an unpredictable material for use in civil engineering works, resulting in the need for its treatment by stabilization. A lateritic soil classified as A-6(6) and CL, according to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and Unified Soil Classification System of ASTM (2011), was treated with up to 10 percent waste wood ash (WWA). Compaction was carried out using four energies, namely, redu

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19

Osinubi, Kolawole Juwonlo, Emmanuel Gadzama, Adrian Oshioname Eberemu, and Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya. "Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted bio-cemented lateritic soil in municipal solid waste containment application." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133704001.

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Most engineering infrastructures, including municipal solid waste containment facilities, are situated in unsaturated zone. The use of chemical additives for soil improvement has been linked to the adverse environmental issues being experienced globally. Research into more sustainable methods of soil improvement has led to the discovery of a novel and innovative method known as microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP). Lateritic soil was treated with stepped Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) suspension density up to 2.40 x 109 cells/ml at moulding water content (MWC) -2, 0 and +2 % r

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20

Ibrahim, Mohammed Tasiu, Joshua Abimiku, and Konitufe Claudius. "Effect of Scrap Tyre Crumb Rubber (STCR) and Lime on the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Non-Lateritic Soil." African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research 15, no. 1 (2024): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.62154/fckyd322.

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Nigeria is one of the countries generating many used tyres with only small quantity utilized for different local use and the remaining large quantity dumped in different areas as waste. In this study non – laterite soil was stabilized with 3 % Scrap Tyre Crumb Rubber (STCR) and 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 % lime for use as road construction material. Atterberg limit tests, compaction (using West African Standard energy) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out using standard methods, on the natural non-lateritic soil and the treated soil specimens. Preliminary test on the so

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21

Oluremi, Johnson R., Rafat Siddique, and Ekundayo P. Adeboje. "Stabilization Potential of Cement Kiln Dust Treated Lateritic Soil ." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 23 (April 2016): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.23.52.

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A dark reddish-brown lateritic soil collected from existing borrow pit abandoned by Reynold Construction Company Ltd behind New WAZOBIA Market on Latitude 08008′N and Longitude 04014′E along Ogbomoso-Ilorin Express road, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Nigeria was treated with cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of long wet kiln, obtained from West African Portland Cement Organisation (WAPCO), Ewekoro, Ogun State, Nigeria, under varying moulding water content.The results show gradual reduction in the plasticity index of the samples, decrease in the maximum dry densities (MDD) with corresponding increase

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22

Oluwatudimu, O. E., J. A. Sadeeq, and K. J. Osinubi. "Improvement of the Index and Compaction Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil with Palm Kernel Shell Ash." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, no. 2 (2020): 121–30. https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.2.14.

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<strong>The expansive soil obtained from Baure in Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area was rich in clay mineral (montmorillonite), unstable and difficult to use for construction purposes. The soil treated with up to 12% palm kernel shell ash (PKSA an agro – waste) by weight of dry soil to improve index properties and compaction characteristics of the soil using PKSA.  Index tests were carried out to classify the natural soil, while the moisture-density relationships were determined by compaction tests on the natural and treated soils using three energy levels viz, British Standard lig

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23

Amadi, Agapitus A. "Improvement of Barrier Soil Properties with Fly Ash to Minimize Desiccation Shrinkage." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 7 (September 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.7.1.

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Barrier Systems Built with Fine Grained Soils Frequently Loose their Hydraulic Integrity due to Desiccation Cracking either during Construction or Shortly Thereafter. Moreover, Typical Specifications for the Construction of Compacted Soil Liners and Covers Require that the Soil Be Compacted Wet of Optimum Water Contents to Achieve the Lowest Possible Hydraulic Conductivity, a Condition that Results in High Desiccation Shrinkage Values. however, such Soils Can Be Treated with Fly Ash to Maintain Low and Tolerable Desiccation Shrinkage Strains. in this Study, Volumetric Shrinkage Strains of Repr

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Eberemu, Adrian O., Agapitus A. Amadi, and Joseph E. Edeh. "Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Tropical Clay Treated with Rice Husk Ash." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.63.

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Laboratory study on compacted tropical clay treated with up to 16% rice husk ash (RHA), an agro-industrial waste; to evaluate its hydraulic properties and hence its suitability in waste containment systems was carried out. Soil-RHA mixtures were compacted using standard Proctor, West African Standard and modified Proctor efforts at-2, 0, 2 and 4% of optimum moisture content (OMC). Compacted samples were permeated and the hydraulic behaviour of the material was examined considering the effects of moulding water content, water content relative to optimum, dry density and RHA contents. Results sh

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25

Togbévi, Quentin Fiacre, Martine van der Ploeg, Kéhounbiova Audrey Tohoun, Sampson K. Agodzo, and Kwasi Preko. "Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Land Use on Soil Infiltration Rate in a Tropical West African Watershed (Ouriyori, Benin)." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8565571.

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Soil infiltration at a watershed scale is important for understanding and predicting the hydrological process in soil-water-plant systems. This study investigated the effects of land use (LU) conversion on the infiltration rate in the Ouriyori watershed. To that end, in situ infiltration was carried out over the watershed under thirty-six pairs of adjacent cropland-fallow plots using the hood infiltrometer. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), soil properties, and soil classes were further compared. Results showed a high variability of Ks following the LU classes with a coefficient of variat

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Ahmad, Muhammad, and Yusuf Abdulfatah Ado. "Geotechnical Study of the Properties of Black Cotton Soil Treated with Cement and Bone Ash as Admixture." Journal of Construction and Building Materials Engineering 5, no. 2 (2019): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3246673.

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In this study, an attempt was made to assess the effectiveness of black cotton soil blended with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and bone ash (BA) for soil stabilization. The study was therefore about improvement of the properties of black cotton soil with bone ash admixed with ordinary Portland cement and the determination of the optimum quantity that could be used as road construction material at minimal cost. Bone generated waste from slaughter houses (abattoirs) could be effectively utilized for civil engineering construction works, aiming at minimizing the disposal problems and reducing th

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27

Amagu, Clement A., Beatrice O. Enya, Jun-ichi Kodama, and Mostafa Sharifzadeh. "Impacts of Addition of Palm Kernel Shells Content on Mechanical Properties of Compacted Shale Used as an Alternative Landfill Liners." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9772816.

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The design of landfill liners of waste disposal to reduce migration of leachate containment, low swelling, and shrinkage and ensure sufficient shear strength to resist bearing capacity and instability of the landfill has been a major challenging task to landfill engineers. Over the last decade, there has been an increase in research on the stability of substitute materials as liners that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and socially beneficial due to the growing cost of traditional landfill liners. In this regard, geotechnical tests were conducted on shale samples treated with 0–1

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Bayang, F., J. E. Sani, O. K. Kevin, and T. S. Ijimdiya. "Influence of compactive effort on the strength characteristics of lime treated laterite soil mixed with untreated textile effluent." Nigerian Journal of Technology 42, no. 2 (2023): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v42i2.6.

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Industrial waste generated is a major contributor of total waste worldwide. The proper mechanism for management of these waste needs to be established, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this paper attempts to evaluate the influence of compactive effort on the strength characteristics of lime treated laterite soil mixed with untreated textile effluent. The study was carried out on the index properties, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) in accordance with the procedures specified by BS 1377 (2) 1990, 1924 (2) and Nigeria General Specifications.

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Enya, B. O., and C. A. Amagu. "Suitability of Shale Treated with Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Pulverized Palm Kernel Shell As Landfill Liners at Nguzu Edda, Southeastern Nigeria." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 3 (2021): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.536.

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Wastes are mostly disposed of in landfills, which pose threat to soil and groundwater as a result of percolation of leachate. Therefore, barrier soils are required for the lining of a landfill to prevent seepage of leachate into the surrounding groundwater system. In this regard, the suitability of ten shale samples treated with 0-12 % (increments of 2 %) proportion of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) and pulverized palm kernel shell (PPKS) by dry weight of the shale samples were evaluated for uses as landfill liner. The samples were subjected to series of geotechnical tests to determine the index

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Ameen, I. O. "Influence of admixture of Bamboo leaf ash and lime on the Compaction characteristics of lateritic soil." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 6, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/1202.60.0180.

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This study investigated the impact of compactive efforts on A-7-5 lateritic soil stabilized with Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) mixed with lime. Preliminary tests were conducted on the soil sample for identification and classification. Compaction tests (using British Standard Light (BSL), British Standard Heavy (BSH) and West Africa Standard (WAS) compactive efforts) were performed on the sample in both natural and stabilized states by incorporating 2, 4, 6 and 8% Bamboo Leaf Ash mixed together with 1, 2, and 3% lime by weight of soil sample. Maximum dry density (MDD) increased to 1766 kg/m3 at 3% lime

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Samuel Abayomi, Adesanya, Kuhe Aondoyila, Ibrahim Jacob Sunday, and Ndah Abdulrahman Alpha. "Sustainable briquette production from jujube seed shells: Process optimization using response surface methodology." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, February 26, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.14563.

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AbstractThis study explores the optimization of binder‐free briquette production from jujube seed shells, an underutilized biomass resource in Nigeria, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The influence of key process variables—particle size, pre‐heat temperature, and compaction pressure—on the mechanical and thermal properties of the briquettes was assessed. RSM results indicated that fine particle sizes (<0.6 mm), combined with pre‐heat temperatures between 65 and 75°C and compaction pressures up to 100 MPa, yielded briquettes with optimal characteristics: a maximum density of 2108 k

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Okeniyi, A. G., S. B. Raheem, A. J. Durojaye, G. F. Oladiran, and S. O. Adesogan. "Quality Assessment of Sub-base Highway Pavement Materials in Lagelu Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, November 19, 2022, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2022/v41i413990.

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Road development quality delivery in West Africa mostly depends on the quality of available sub-base pavement materials within economic distance. This paper thus aimed at assessing the quality of sub-base road pavement material in Lagelu Local Government Area of Ibadan, South-Western, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from four different locations at depths ranging from 0.5m to 1.0m. Samples were subjected to Natural moisture content, Specific gravity, Grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, Compaction and California bearing ratio laboratory tests. The sieve analysis results indicate that th

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Daemane, Mahlomola E., Sarel S. Cilliers, and Hugo Bezuidenhout. "Classification and description of the vegetation in the Spitskop area in the proposed Highveld National Park, North West Province, South Africa." Koedoe 54, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v54i1.1020.

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The objective of the proposed Highveld National Park (HNP) is to conserve a considerable area of the poorly conserved Rocky Highveld Grassland and Dry Sandy Highveld Grassveld of the western Grassland Biome in South Africa. The park has not yet been proclaimed, but is currently under the management of the North West Parks and Tourism Board. The main aim of this study was to classify and describe the vegetation in the Spitskop area in the HNP. The areas affected by soil degradation were on the midslopes, footslopes, valley bottomland and the floodplains around the Spitskop hill. The concentrate

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Smith, A. J. B., N. J. Beukes, J. M. Cochrane, and J. Gutzmer. "Manganese carbonate-bearing mudstone of the Witwatersrand-Mozaan succession in southern Africa as evidence for bacterial manganese respiration and availability of free molecular oxygen in Mesoarchaean oceans." South African Journal of Geology, February 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.126.0005.

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Abstract The Mesoarchaean (2.96 to 2.91 Ga) Witwatersrand-Mozaan succession of southern Africa contains multiple units that show evidence for the presence of free molecular oxygen in oceanic water columns approximately 500 million years prior to the Great Oxidation Event. The lithostratgraphically correlatable Thalu and Brixton formations of the Mozaan and West Rand groups, respectively, now yield further evidence for an oxygen-containing water column. The two formations contain multiple beds of manganese carbonate-bearing mudstone. This study documents these beds and their stratigraphy, miner

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Ishola, K. "Compaction Characteristics of the Lateritic Soil-Mango Leaf Ash Admixed with Cement." UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 1, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ujees/9102.10.0111.

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This study investigated the compaction effect of unmodified and modified lateritic soil using cement-mango leaf waste ash (C- MLWA). The lateritic soil used was classified as A-7-6 (9) and CL using AASHTO soil classification and USCS respectively. The soil was treated with a blended cement of 1%, 2 % and 6 % mango leaf waste ash by dry weight of the soil sample. Effect of cement- mango leaf ash on the modified soil was studied with respect to compaction characteristics, plasticity characteristics, particle size distribution, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength. Compac

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Nwaiwu, Charles M. O., Ibeawuchi S. Chidera, and Franklin C. Uzodinma. "Suitability Assessment of Selected Lateritic Soils For Highway Construction In Anambra State, Nigeria." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i2.495.

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Fifteen samples of coarse-grained lateritic soils obtained from different parts of Anambra State were assessed for their suitability as materials for highway construction. The soil samples were subjected to laboratory tests to obtain their index properties, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) characteristics. Three compactive efforts namely, British Standard Light (BSL) compaction, West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction were employed in the compaction tests. Samples were soaked for 48hrs prior to CBR testing. The index properties of the soils were use

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Yohanna, Paul, Ianna M. Kanyi, Roland K. Etim, Oshioname A. Ebere, and Kolawole J. Osinubi. "Experimental and Statistical Study on Black Cotton Soil Modified with Cement–Iron Ore Tailings." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v6i1.572.

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The investigation focused on the response of black cotton soil (BCS) treated with mixtures of iron ore tailings (IOT) and cement to varying compaction effort (CE). Preliminary tests showed that the un-treated soil is A-7-6 (22) on the basis of AASHTO protocols of classification while the USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) guidelines placed the soil in CH group. Laboratory tests carried out included cation exchange capacity, CEC, Specific gravity (Gs) and compaction test. Three compaction energy levels (i.e., British Standard heavy (BSH), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard

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Omotayo, Oluwafemi O., Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri, and Oluwafemi O. Olagunju. "Enhancing Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Clay with Sawdust Ash-Lime Stabilizer." Journal of Engineering Advancements, March 18, 2023, 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.38032/jea.2023.01.002.

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One important means of refining the geotechnical characteristics of soils is stabilization. This research sought to improve the geotechnical properties of lateritic clayey soil using sawdust ash-lime (SDAL) stabilizer. Soil-SDAL mixtures were made, after collecting lateritic clay samples and preparing mixtures of lime and sawdust ash in a ratio of 1:2. SDAL mixtures were added to the lateritic clay in increasing percentages from 0 to 10%. The materials’ index properties were determined, and compaction of the Soil-SDAL mixtures was done using four compactive efforts namely Reduced British Stand

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Sule, Joseph, and Michael U. Ehikwe. "Effect of Cashew Nut Shell Ash on Volumetric Shrinkage of Compacted Clay Soil." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 3 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v7i3.825.

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 Hydraulic conductivity value of a compacted clay soil can rise above the minimum regulatory value during desiccation thereby induces large cracks in an engineered landfill. In the quest to reduce the degree of cracking that will be generated dues to the volumetric shrinkage of the compacted clay soil, which in turn will reduce the amount of leachate that will be percolating into the underground water system, an investigation was performed by treating a clay soil with up to 16% Cashew Nut Shell Ash (CNSA) content using three compactive efforts (Standard proctor (SP), West African standar

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Osuolale, O. M., A. A. Raheem, J. R. Oluremi, and A. K. Adeosun. "Characterisation of Lateritic Soil from Selected Locations along Ibadan – Oyo Expressway for Highway Pavement Construction." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 1, March 2018 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/8102/10(0160).

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A good understanding of the engineering properties of lateritic soil is highly essential for effective use of the soil for highway pavement construction. The alarming rate of highway pavement failures within the study area has been attributed to paucity of information on the properties of the soil within the study zone. Therefore, the lateritic soils along selected locations along Ibadan – Oyo were characterised for their suitability for highway construction. Ten (10) lateritic soil samples were collected and they were labelled Trial Pit (TP) 1 to 10. The samples were subjected to the followin

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Ishola, Kazeem, Ifeoluwa C. Agbolade, and Paul Yohanna. "Effect of Plantain Peel Ash on Gradation and Compaction Characteristics of Tropical Soil." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v4i2.382.

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This study investigated the gradation and compaction properties of lateritic soil treated with plantain peel ash (PPA). PPA was used to improve lateritic soil with up to 10% PPA by dry weight of soil. Tests carried out to include specific gravity, particle size distribution, consistency tests, and compaction (using British Standard light, BSL and West African Standard, WAS) compaction energies. XLSTART 2018 Software was used to develop regression models for the test conducted between the self-determining factors and the dependent factors. The results of the study show that the specific gravity

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Bello, A. A., and R. O. usuff. "Assessment of Volumentric Shrinkage and Hydraulic Conductivity of Lateritic Soil – Corn Cob Ash Admixure as Liner Materials." UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/5202.70.0153.

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A lateritic soil was treated with an agro-industrial waste—Corn Cob Ash (CCA)—using the West African Standard (WAS) compaction energy, with CCA content varied up to 12% in 3% increments. The test specimens were prepared at -4, -2, 0, 2, and 4% of optimum moisture content (OMC), extruded from the compaction mould, air-dried in the laboratory until no significant volume change was observed, and then tested for permeability using a falling head permeameter. The effects of CCA on the soil-CCA mixtures were assessed in terms of volumetric shrinkage and hydraulic conductivity. Results show that volu

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Umar, Sa’eed Y., and Augustine U. Elinwa. "Evaluation of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Laterite-Metakaolin Mixtures for Solid Waste Leachate Containment." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i1.476.

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This paper presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the benefits of using metakaolin (MK) with laterite as liner material for containment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Laboratory tests were conducted on laterite specimens treated with MK at concentrations of 0 - 20 % by weight of the soil and compacted using four types of compaction energies. Hydraulic conductivity was determined based on permeation of the compacted laterite - MK mixtures with deionized water (DW) and municipal solid waste leachate (MSWL), respectively. Deionized water was the reference permeant fluid. The re

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Yohanna, Paul, Eberemu Adrian Oshioname, Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya, and Kolawole Juwonlo Osinubi. "The Effect of Bacillus Coagulans and Moulding Water Content on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lateritic Soil." Engineering Science & Technology, January 22, 2022, 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/est.3120221286.

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The effect of bacterial concentrations of Bacillus coagulans and moulding water content (MWC) on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of lateritic soil for use as waste containment material was studied. Tests conducted include index test, pH, calcium carbonate content (CCC), and UCS. Soil samples for all tests were mixed with an increasing number of microbes at step suspension densities of 0 up to 2.4 × 109 cells/ml individually. The soil was prepared at MWC of -2, 0, +2, and +4% in relation to optimum moisture content (OMC) and compacted using the Reduced British Standard Light (RBSL), B

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Schmied, C., V. Nietlispach, Y. Zerguini, D. Niederseer, F. Di Paolo, and A. Pelliccia. "P306Echocardiographic criteria of left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in black athletes from homogenous ethnic descent." European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0141.

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Abstract Background To prevent sudden cardiac death in sports, pre-competition medical assessment aims to detect underlying cardiac diseases as electrical disorders or cardiomyopathies. Due to a large diagnostic grey-zone, Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is an entity quite challenging to diagnose, particularly in athletes from Afro-Caribbean descent. Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the currently established echocardiographic diagnostic criteria for LVNC in a cohort of adolescent African football players of relatively homogenous ethnic descent. Methods The study

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Adedokun, S. I., J. R. Oluremi, N. T. Adekilekun, and O. V. Adeola. "Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay in Ede, South-western, Nigeria." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 1, March 2018 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/8102/10(0170).

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This paper investigated the effect of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the geotechnical properties of clay. Soil sample was collected from clay deposit at Ede North Local Government Area, Osun State, which lies within the geographical coordinates of 7N and 4E, was treated with up to 10% CKD. Sieve analysis, specific gravity, consistency limits, compaction (British Standard Light, BSL and West African Standard, WAS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on both treated and untreated soil samples. Results showed that Ede clay is an A-7- 6 soil. Specific gravity increased from 2.61 t

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Moses, G, Osinubi, and J. K. "Influence of Compactive Efforts on Cement- Bagasse Ash Treatment of Expansive Black Cotton Soil." July 28, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1087434.

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A laboratory study on the influence of compactive effort on expansive black cotton specimens treated with up to 8% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) admixed with up to 8% bagasse ash (BA) by dry weight of soil and compacted using the energies of the standard Proctor (SP), West African Standard (WAS) or “intermediate” and modified Proctor (MP) were undertaken. The expansive black cotton soil was classified as A-7-6 (16) or CL using the American Association of Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), respectively. The 7day unconfined c

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Salahudeen, Anigilaje B., Adrian O. Eberemu, and Kolawole J. Osinubi. "Microanalysis and Compactive Efforts Study of Black Cotton Soil Treated With Cement Kiln Dust." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v4i1.227.

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An expansive clay, also known as Black cotton soil (BCS) was treated with up to 10 % cement kiln dust (CKD) using three different compactive efforts; British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard heavy (BSH) energies. Laboratory tests were performed on the natural soil and CKD treated soil samples in accordance with BS 1377 (1990) and BS 1924 (1990) respectively with the aim of improving the deficient soil to meet engineering requirements. Preliminary evaluations on the natural black cotton soil showed that it fell under A-7-6 (16) using AASHTO classification a

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Onyelowe, Kennedy C., Ahmed M. Ebid, Jair de Jesús Arrieta Baldovino, and Michael E. Onyia. "Hydraulic conductivity predictive model of RHA-ameliorated laterite for solving landfill liner leachate, soil and water contamination and carbon emission problems." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, July 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctac077.

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Abstract The environment is seriously being affected by the leachate release at the unconstructed and badly constructed waste containment or landfill facilities around the globe. The worst hit is the developing world where there is little or totally no waste management system and facilities to receive waste released into the atmosphere. This research work is focused on the leachate drain into the soil and the underground water from landfills, which toxicifies both the soil and the water. Also, the construction of the liner or barrier with cement poses serious threat to the environment due to o

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Abdulkarim, I. I., S. Y. Umar, A. Muhammed, and S. A. Yero. "EVALUATION OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF NON-LATERITIC SOILS ENHANCED WITH ACTIVATED METAKAOLIN FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION." Nigerian Journal of Tropical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.59081/njte.19.1.003.

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Non-lateritic soils (NLS) are not normally suitable for use as road construction materials due to difficulties that arise during construction. As such, treatment serves as a solution for improving the adverse effects. This study explores the potential of alkali-activated metakaolin (MK) for strength improvement of NLS intended for use as road construction materials. Based on design of experiment using design expert 13 software, the soil is treated to evaluate the effectiveness of varying blends of 5, 17.5 & 30 % of MK to dry weight of soil and 1, 5.5 & 10 molar concentrations of NaOH a

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