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Journal articles on the topic 'West African architecture'
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Uduku, Ola. "Other Modernisms: Recording Diversity and Communicating History in Urban West Africa." Modern Africa, Tropical Architecture, no. 48 (2013): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/48.a.8zfoufgc.
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Seminal publications on West African Architecture such as Kulterman’s New Architecture in Africa and the Architectural Review’s New Commonwealth Architecture came to define the African Modern Movement as it was understood internationally. This paper explores the specific context within which this new architecture developed and the actors that helped to shape it. Vaughan–Richards’ Ola–Oluwakitan House and Cubitt’s Elder Dempster Offices are analyzed in terms of their engagement with the socio-cultural context in which they were conceived, the site-specific Modernity of the former contrasting the corporate International Style response of the latter.
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Ghanbari, Javid. "An Investigation into Architectural Creolization of West African Vernacular Mosques." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i9.2874.
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In investigating the influence of religious thoughts on architecture, much attention has been given to divine world-wide religions by the researchers, while indigenous religions have to a great extent been neglected. Ancient tribes in different parts of the world, have, on the basis of their cosmology, shaped beliefs which reflect on their architecture, especially on their sacred buildings. Regarding the Dogons-a well-known and a dominant tribe in West Africa- their Gods, cosmology and beliefs have led to the formation of settlements comprising houses, temples and other types of buildings in accordance with their religious thoughts while also being in harmony with nature. Up on the expansion of Islam throughout Africa, especially West Africa, vernacular mosques are shaped gradually beside shrines making a typology of Islamic architecture which has traces of both Dogon and Islamic architecture within it; While the influence of natural materials and indigenous building techniques should not be neglected. Taking a descriptive-deductive analysis approach, this paper will search for the architectural creolization process and will eventually conclude that West African vernacular mosques inherit their formal and spatial features mostly from Dogon house and pioneer mosques in Medina and their physical features, elements and exterior decorations from Dogon temples.
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Mark, Peter. "Constructing Identity: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Architecture in the Gambia-Geba Region and the Articulation of Luso-African Ethnicity." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171919.
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The precolonial architectural history of the northern Upper Guinea coast from the Gambia to the Geba rivers has yet to be studied in depth. Yet this region, the first to be visited and described by European travelers in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, is among the best-documented parts of sub-Saharan Africa for the four centuries of precolonial African-European contact. The establishment of communities of Luso-African traders in the sixteenth and seventeenth century makes the Gambia-Casamance-Bissau area important to the study of early sustained cultural interaction between Europeans and West Africans.One result of the establishment of Portuguese and Luso-African trading communities was the development of a distinctive style of architecture, suited to the climate and making use of locally-available building materials. The history of the trade itself has been extensively studied by George Brooks. His work, along with that of Jean Boulègue, provides a firm foundation for the study of local architecture and living space. It is not my intention to rewrite these excellent sources, although much of my material is drawn from the same primary documents they have used, and although, in presenting the historical context from which seventeenth-century coastal architecture developed, I necessarily cover some ground that Brooks has already trod.In addition to the history of building styles, several related questions that are highly significant to the history of European-African cultural interaction need to be addressed. These questions include: what were the respective roles of Africans, Europeans, and Luso-Africans in the development of a distinctive architectural style? Is it possible to discern the influence of evolving Luso-African construction on local African architecture? And of local building styles on Afro-European construction? In other words, to what extent does architecture reflect mutual, two-way interaction between European and African society?
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Mark, Peter. "“Portuguese” Architecture and Luso-African Identity in Senegambia and Guinea, 1730–1890." History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171940.
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Along the West African coast and in the immediate hinterland from the Gambia River to Sierra Leone in the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century, a region of extensive long-distance trade, the buildings people lived in, as well as the physical layout of their communities, served as important elements in the articulation of their cultural identity. At the same time, architecture reflected contact between the various populations of the region. These groups included a small number of Portuguese and a somewhat larger population of several thousand Luso-Africans, whose commercial role as traders, declining by the late eighteenth century, was limited essentially to the navigable lower reaches of coastal rivers and waterways.These Luso-Africans, faced by Europeans who contested their efforts to define themselves as a group, were gradually marginalized and ultimately subsumed into the neighboring coastal populations, leaving only traces of their distinctive culture. Among the elements that comprised the Luso-African cultural legacy were houses built in “Portuguese” style: rectangular structures with whitewashed exteriors and a vestibule or a porch. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, these houses helped to define the Luso-African community.The local African populations of West Atlantic-speakers (Floups, Bagnuns, Bijogos, and Papels) and, further down the coast, Susus, Temnes and Bulloms, were for the most part organized into small-scale, decentralized societies. Mande-speaking peoples inhabited the small states of the lower Gambia and the more important state of Kaabu in Guinea-Bissau; they, together with ‘juula’ merchants, comprised the western outriders of the Mande diaspora. Further east, in the newly-established Islamic state of Fuuta Jaloo (Futa Jalon), lived the Fulbe.
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MacDonald, Kevin C., and David W. Morgan. "African earthen structures in colonial Louisiana: architecture from the Coincoin plantation (1787–1816)." Antiquity 86, no. 331 (February 22, 2012): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062529.
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Coincoin, probably of Kongo parentage, was born a slave, became the concubine of a French planter, Pierre Metoyer, bore him ten children, and in 1787 was settled by him on a plantation of her own. Locating and excavating her house, the authors discovered it to be a type of clay-wall building known from West Africa. The house, together with an adjacent clay boundary wall, was probably built by slaves of Bight of Biafra origin loaned from the neighbouring plantation of her ex-partner. These structures are witness to emerging initiatives and interactions among people of African descent—but different African origins—in eighteenth-century Louisiana.
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AHOUANDJINOU, Mêtowanou Héribert, Daton MEDENOU, Leandro PECCHIA, Roland C. HOUESSOUVO, and Thierry Rock JOSSOU. "Modeling an Integrated Network for Remote Patient Monitoring, based on the Internet of Things for a More Preventive and Predictive Health System in West Africa." Global Clinical Engineering Journal 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31354/globalce.v3i2.85.
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Background: Because of the health systems globalization, it is important to examine health systems organization in Africa, in terms of patient care, to highlight the failures and propose possible solutions. Objective: Modeling based on the Internet of Things (IoT) an Integrated Network for Monitoring Patient Data in West African Health Systems. Methodology: To achieve this, three steps have been followed. 1) Identification of the different characteristics of IoT-based health surveillance systems, WBAN systems and physiological parameters monitorable on a patient. 2) The modeling of the architecture of West African health systems in the form of a cloud of Technocentres. 3) Cross analysis between different IoT technologies, characteristics and functional requirements identified. All this is based on wireless medical sensor networks in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) systems. Result: This work has been used to model health systems in Africa as a remote monitoring network for patients. Conclusion: The implementation of this model of monitoring networks will be a tool for supporting large-scale decision-making for a health system in Africa. It will enable the West African health system to have an information database.
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Lavelle, Kathryn C. "Architecture of Equity Markets: The Abidjan Regional Bourse." International Organization 55, no. 3 (2001): 717–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507605.
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Literature on financial market liberalization focuses heavily on state activity in allocating preferential credit. I consider state activity in promoting nascent equity markets by asking why a state would create and promote a market in which the transaction costs are high, the potential rate of return is low, and firms are reluctant to list shares. I examine the case of the West African regional stock exchange and propose that the central bank for the West African Monetary Union created it to mediate the relationship between this region and the world economy. I propose that states and domestic markets act as complements rather than as rivals in some instances of bourse creation. Moreover, bourses in developing economies present a different set of relationships among states, public and private lending authorities, and market participants than their counterparts in more developed financial environments. This illuminates a need for further research in this area.
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Liscombe, Rhodri Windsor. "Modernism in Late Imperial British West Africa: The Work of Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, 1946-56." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068264.
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This article situates the educational architecture of Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew in British West Africa in 1946-56 in the context of late British colonial policy. The analysis extends discursive readings of architecture with contemporary literary texts as aspects of what might be termed the material cultural fabric. These different forms of articulation illuminate the sociocultural dynamic underlying the migration of modernism in the postwar era, and the extent to which the movement affected and was appropriated by British colonial enterprise. It also discloses modernism's simultaneous disruption and reinforcement of the objectives of modernity, among which were the ideological and technical systems of British imperial expansion. On this basis, it is argued that Fry and Drew were constrained in their endeavor to resolve the divergent expectations within modernist theory concerning the application of universal principles to local conditions, and thus also in their aim of initiating a legitimate modern African architecture.
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Umezurike, Samuel Augustine, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "Counting the Cost? A Cautionary Analysis of South Africa's BRICS Membership." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 5(J) (October 30, 2016): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i5(j).1444.
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BRICS is a grouping of five major developing countries that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, all with the ambition of changing the governance architecture of international political-economy but with claims to speedy industrialization, fast growing economies and relatively strong regional and global influence. South Africa joined BRICS at the invitation of China in 2010 and has shown commitment to the group through friendly relations with other member countries. The country’s extensive economic links with China and the other BRICS states underpinned its strategy of diversifying its external trade especially with regard to looking away from West. This article employs content analysis to reflect on South Africa’s membership of BRICS, focusing specifically on the country’s relations with China. It argues that, while South Africa’s economic indicators do not fit well with the BRICS grouping, China is promoting this relationship in order to counter the West’s neo-imperialism and neo-liberal rhetoric. South Africa’s willingness to accept Chinese superiority in the African market and to act as a junior partner in the global power configuration makes the country the perfect choice for this project.
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Verissimo, Kellen Matos, Louise Neiva Perez, Aline Cutrim Dragalzew, Gayani Senevirathne, Sylvain Darnet, Wainna Renata Barroso Mendes, Ciro Ariel dos Santos Neves, et al. "Salamander-like tail regeneration in the West African lungfish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1935 (September 16, 2020): 20192939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2939.
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Salamanders, frog tadpoles and diverse lizards have the remarkable ability to regenerate tails. Palaeontological data suggest that this capacity is plesiomorphic, yet when the developmental and genetic architecture of tail regeneration arose is poorly understood. Here, we show morphological and molecular hallmarks of tetrapod tail regeneration in the West African lungfish Protopterus annectens , a living representative of the sister group of tetrapods. As in salamanders, lungfish tail regeneration occurs via the formation of a proliferative blastema and restores original structures, including muscle, skeleton and spinal cord. In contrast with lizards and similar to salamanders and frogs, lungfish regenerate spinal cord neurons and reconstitute dorsoventral patterning of the tail. Similar to salamander and frog tadpoles, Shh is required for lungfish tail regeneration. Through RNA-seq analysis of uninjured and regenerating tail blastema, we show that the genetic programme deployed during lungfish tail regeneration maintains extensive overlap with that of tetrapods, with the upregulation of genes and signalling pathways previously implicated in amphibian and lizard tail regeneration. Furthermore, the lungfish tail blastema showed marked upregulation of genes encoding post-transcriptional RNA processing components and transposon-derived genes. Our results show that the developmental processes and genetic programme of tetrapod tail regeneration were present at least near the base of the sarcopterygian clade and establish the lungfish as a valuable research system for regenerative biology.
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Stein, Katharina, Drissa Coulibaly, Larba Hubert Balima, Dethardt Goetze, Karl Eduard Linsenmair, Stefan Porembski, Kathrin Stenchly, and Panagiotis Theodorou. "Plant-Pollinator Networks in Savannas of Burkina Faso, West Africa." Diversity 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010001.
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West African savannas are severely threatened with intensified land use and increasing degradation. Bees are important for terrestrial biodiversity as they provide native plant species with pollination services. However, little information is available regarding their mutualistic interactions with woody plant species. In the first network study from sub-Saharan West Africa, we investigated the effects of land-use intensity and climatic seasonality on plant–bee communities and their interaction networks. In total, we recorded 5686 interactions between 53 flowering woody plant species and 100 bee species. Bee-species richness and the number of interactions were higher in the low compared to medium and high land-use intensity sites. Bee- and plant-species richness and the number of interactions were higher in the dry compared to the rainy season. Plant–bee visitation networks were not strongly affected by land-use intensity; however, climatic seasonality had a strong effect on network architecture. Null-model corrected connectance and nestedness were higher in the dry compared to the rainy season. In addition, network specialization and null-model corrected modularity were lower in the dry compared to the rainy season. Our results suggest that in our study region, seasonal effects on mutualistic network architecture are more pronounced compared to land-use change effects. Nonetheless, the decrease in bee-species richness and the number of plant–bee interactions with an increase in land-use intensity highlights the importance of savanna conservation for maintaining bee diversity and the concomitant provision of ecosystem services.
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Wynn, Russell B., Philip P. E. Weaver, Douglas G. Masson, and Dorrik A. V. Stow. "Turbidite depositional architecture across three interconnected deep-water basins on the north-west African margin." Sedimentology 49, no. 4 (August 2002): 669–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00471.x.
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Armel, Kaze. "Trilateral Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 03 (January 2020): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500189.
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Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development experience, helped many African countries to transition from “poor” to “developing”, from “aid recipients” to “wealth creators,” and many African countries are thus turning their interests from the West to the East. Certainly, the European Union as a traditional aid donor, remains the largest aid distributor in the world, especially in Africa. In other words, the EU’s foreign assistance has become an indispensable source of funding for many African countries. However, foreign aid effectiveness remains low on the African continent because of the absence of native African policymakers in aid programs designed and implemented by Beijing and Brussels. Some critics argue that Chinese and European assistance to Africa is not bringing about the best results as expected. This article argues that a new international architecture of foreign assistance through trilateral cooperation is needed to increase Chinese and European aid effectiveness in Africa. Trilateral cooperation will not only increase foreign assistance efficiency in Africa, but also give a chance to African countries to strengthen their own development capacity through assistance and guidance, reduce Africa’s aid dependence, and hopefully guarantee a smooth “graduation” of African countries from official development assistance.
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Kwayisi, Daniel, Jérémie Lehmann, and Marlina Elburg. "The architecture of the Buem Structural Unit: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Pan-African Dahomeyide Orogen, West Africa." Precambrian Research 338 (March 2020): 105568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105568.
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Saka and Chan. "A Scientometric Review and Metasynthesis of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Research in Africa." Buildings 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040085.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been gaining widespread adoption in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry across the globe. Consequently, several research studies have attempted to construct a holistic review of the increasing BIM publications to identify the development trend using manual review, scientometric review, bibliometric review, or latent semantic review. These extant studies have often adopted a global view of the development despite the adoption of BIM varying across firms, countries, and continents. This approach is often regarded as not representative of the BIM development in countries and continents at the infancy stage. As BIM is still at the germinating stage of development in Africa and previous reviews are unrepresentative of BIM development in the AEC industry of Africa. This paper aims to present a scientometric review and metasynthesis of BIM development in the African AEC industry to explore the intellectual evolution of BIM, the status quo of BIM across the regions, and any potential barriers hindering BIM proliferation. The review findings revealed a varying level of BIM growth, with North Africa, West Africa, and Southern Africa leading the research development, whilst East Africa and Central Africa are slightly lagging behind. Additionally, the major challenges facing BIM adoption was found as people/process-related barriers. This study has provided valuable insights into BIM development and application in the growing African AEC industry.
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Melouah, Oualid, Romina L. López Steinmetz, and Ebong D. Ebong. "Deep crustal architecture of the eastern limit of the West African Craton: Ougarta Range and Western Algerian Sahara." Journal of African Earth Sciences 183 (November 2021): 104321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104321.
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Kuo, Steven C. Y. "Chinese Peace? An Emergent Norm in African Peace Operations." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 01 (April 2015): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500086.
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The steady rise in Chinese participation in peace operations in Africa is a significant development in the post-Cold War collective security architecture. An aspect of China's rise and its challenge to the liberal global order is its contribution to post-conflict peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and peace-making in Africa, areas that have been dominated by the West. The purpose of this article is to bring together literatures that do not usually speak to one another: Chinese discourses on peacebuilding and the debate on the liberal peace in Africa. The subject of this article is the emerging "Chinese peace" discourse. By examining the "Chinese peace" — both its normative content and its on-the-ground participation in a comprehensive liberal peace project — as a part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) — this article begins to highlight differences, identify tensions, and recognize complementarities between the dominant liberal and the emergent Chinese approach to peacebuilding.
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Brown, Gavin. "‘Burn it down!’: Materialising intersectional solidarities in the architecture of the South African Embassy during the London Poll Tax Riot, March 1990." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419857183.
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This paper offers a new way of conceptualising how intersectional solidarities are actualised. It recounts and theorises an outbreak of radical internationalism, when working class struggles in Britain and South Africa were unexpectedly linked. It examines how intersectional solidarity was materialised through a process of coming together against the architectural fabric of the South African Embassy and considers the interwoven temporalities that enabled this action to occur. On 31 March 1990, nearly a quarter of a million people demonstrated in London against the Poll Tax that was due to take effect in England and Wales the following day. On the day, the Metropolitan Police lost control of an already enraged crowd and provoked a large scale riot that engulfed the West End of London for several hours. In the midst of the riot, during a short retreat by the police, protesters took the opportunity to attack the South African Embassy in Trafalgar Square – many windows were broken and an attempt was made to set the building alight. Drawing on interviews with former anti-apartheid protesters who were present on that day (and who had concluded a four-year long Non-Stop Picket of the embassy a month earlier), this paper explores and analyses their memories of that unexpected moment when their previously symbolic call to ‘burn it down’ was (almost) materialised. In doing so, it contributes new ways of conceptualising the spatiality and temporality of intersectional solidarity.
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Hinchman, Mark. "House and Household on Gorée, Senegal, 1758-1837." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068263.
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The West African island of Gorée was one of the nodes that connected African trading routes to North Atlantic trade. The varied population included English, French, Portuguese, Manding, Moor, Sereer, and Wolof. The island was notable because many of the categories by which people are identified-gender, race, class-were not strictly defined and did not dictate economic success. At one time, African women constituted the majority of property owners. Whereas many colonial studies focus on urbanism and colonial discourse, this article looks to the domestic sphere. For this inquiry into life on the ground, I cast my net wide and draw on source materials including rental contracts, wills, and probate inventories. My goal is to complicate the perception of how buildings functioned in colonial environments. The primary method is considering a variety of users, including wealthy Europeans, tenants, servants, and those for whom Gorée is most widely known-slaves.
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Wadende, Akinyi. "Chwuech: Sustained Art Education among Luo Women of Western Kenya." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 17, no. 2 (November 2011): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jace.17.2.3.
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This article presents the findings of a qualitative study on the Bang jomariek, a women's group in West Reru in Western Kenya who engage in the production of indigenous arts and crafts (pots, baskets, and architecture) to generate income and explore politics, medicine, and other matters that affect them and their community. The women shared their motivations for engaging in the production of these art forms and the characteristics of these educational processes and their environment. I highlight the transformative experience on their lives as a result of the arts and crafts-based adult education work. This article is significant to feminist and anti-colonial adult education as it stresses the importance of processes, potential, and goals of an African indigenous creative education amongst rural women.
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Benabdellouahed, Massinissa, Agnes Baltzer, Marina Rabineau, Daniel Aslanian, Mohamed Sahabi, Fabien Germond, Benoit Loubrieu, and Youssef Biari. "Slope morphologies offshore Dakhla (SW Moroccan margin)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 187, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.187.1.27.
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Abstract This study explores a portion of the West African margin at the junction between two well-known segments offshore Dakhla and offshore Mauritania with destructional architecture characterized by giant slides. In between these two segments, the Dakhla segment has historically been described as a constructional section. During an oceanographic Dakhla cruise (2002), high resolution seismic data, swath bathymetry and imagery were acquired around latitude 23°N, offshore Dakhla. This new data set reveals the existence of varied and complex morphologies on the continental slope, interpreted as a “shallot-shaped” canyon, seafloor depressions or pockmarks, ridges and scarps. These morphologies are interpreted as clues of sedimentary transfers and rupture processes. A scenario is proposed for the development of these different sedimentary morphologies.
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Bigon, Liora. "A History of Urban Planning and Infectious Diseases: Colonial Senegal in the Early Twentieth Century." Urban Studies Research 2012 (February 21, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/589758.
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This paper deals with the spatial implications of the French sanitary policies in early colonial urban Senegal. It focuses on the French politics of residential segregation following the outbreak of the bubonic plague in Dakar in 1914, and their precedents in Saint Louis. These policies can be conceived as most dramatic, resulting in a displacement of a considerable portion of the indigenous population, who did not want or could not afford to build à l’européen, to the margins of the colonial city. Aspects of residential segregation are analysed here through the perspective of cultural history and history of colonial planning and architecture, in contrast to the existing literature on this topic. The latter dilates on the statutory policies of the colonial authorities facing the 1914 plague in Dakar, the plague's sociopolitical implications, and the colonial politics of public health there. In the light of relevant historiography, and a variety of secondary and primary sources, this paper exposes the contradictions that were inherent in the French colonial regime in West Africa. These contradictions were wisely used by the African agency, so that such a seemingly urgent segregationist project was actually never accomplished.
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Ross, Emma. "Command and control of Sierra Leone's Ebola outbreak response: evolution of the response architecture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1721 (April 10, 2017): 20160306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0306.
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Management, coordination and logistics were critical for responding effectively to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, and the duration of the epidemic provided a rare opportunity to study the management of an outbreak that endured long enough for the response to mature. This qualitative study examines the structures and systems used to manage the response, and how and why they changed and evolved. It also discusses the quality of relationships between key responders and their impact. Early coordination mechanisms failed and the President took operational control away from the Ministry of Health and Sanitation and established a National Ebola Response Centre, headed by the Minister of Defence, and District Ebola Response Centres. British civilian and military personnel were deeply embedded in this command and control architecture and, together with the United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response lead, were the dominant coordination partners at the national level. Coordination, politics and tensions in relationships hampered the response, but as the response mechanisms matured, coordination improved and rifts healed. Simultaneously setting up new organizations, processes and plans as well as attempting to reconcile different cultures, working practices and personalities in such an emergency was bound to be challenging. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The 2013–2016 West African Ebola epidemic: data, decision-making and disease control’.
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Korb, J., and K. E. Linsenmair. "The effects of temperature on the architecture and distribution of Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae) mounds in different habitats of a West African Guinea savanna." Insectes Sociaux 45, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050068.
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Dembele, Moussa. "Colonial Legacy and Changes of West African Cities - Comparative Studies between Bamako and Segou Cities, Rep. of Mali -." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 5, no. 2 (November 2006): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.5.285.
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Morales-Cruz, Abraham, Shahin S. Ali, Andrea Minio, Rosa Figueroa-Balderas, Jadran F. García, Takao Kasuga, Alina S. Puig, Jean-Philippe Marelli, Bryan A. Bailey, and Dario Cantu. "Independent Whole-Genome Duplications Define the Architecture of the Genomes of the Devastating West African Cacao Black Pod Pathogen Phytophthora megakarya and Its Close Relative Phytophthora palmivora." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 7 (April 30, 2020): 2241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401014.
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Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally. While P. palmivora is a cosmopolitan pathogen, P. megakarya, which is more aggressive on cacao than P. palmivora, has been reported only in West and Central Africa where it has been spreading and devastating cacao farms since the 1950s. In this study, we reconstructed the complete diploid genomes of multiple isolates of both species using single-molecule real-time sequencing. Thirty-one additional genotypes were sequenced to analyze inter- and intra-species genomic diversity. The P. megakarya genome is exceptionally large (222 Mbp) and nearly twice the size of P. palmivora (135 Mbp) and most known Phytophthora species (∼100 Mbp on average). Previous reports pointed toward a whole-genome duplication (WGD) in P. palmivora. In this study, we demonstrate that both species underwent independent and relatively recent WGD events. In P. megakarya we identified a unique combination of WGD and large-scale transposable element driven genome expansion, which places this genome in the upper range of Phytophthora genome sizes, as well as effector pools with 1,382 predicted RxLR effectors. Finally, this study provides evidence of adaptive evolution of effectors like RxLRs and Crinklers, and discusses the implications of effector expansion and diversification.
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Louis P. Nelson. "Architectures of West African Enslavement." Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum 21, no. 1 (2014): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/buildland.21.1.0088.
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Sa'Ad, Tukur. "Review: African Spaces: Design for Living in Upper Volta by Jean-Paul Bourdier, Trinh T. Minh-Ha; Hausa Architecture by J. C. Moughtin; Hatumere: Islamic Design in West Africa by Labelle Prussin; Traditional Housing in African Cities: A Comparative Study of Housing in Zaria, Ibadan and Marrakech by Friedrich W. Schwerdtfeger." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990294.
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Perron, Paul, Michel Guiraud, Emmanuelle Vennin, Isabelle Moretti, Éric Portier, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, and Moussa Konaté. "Influence of basement heterogeneity on the architecture of low subsidence rate Paleozoic intracratonic basins (Reggane, Ahnet, Mouydir and Illizi basins, Hoggar Massif)." Solid Earth 9, no. 6 (November 7, 2018): 1239–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1239-2018.
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Abstract. The Paleozoic intracratonic North African Platform is characterized by an association of arches (ridges, domes, swells, or paleo-highs) and low subsidence rate syncline basins of different wavelengths (75–620 km). The Reggane, Ahnet, Mouydir and Illizi basins are successively delimited from east to west by the Amguid El Biod, Arak-Foum Belrem, and Azzel Matti arches. Through the analysis of new unpublished geological data (i.e., satellite images, well logs, seismic lines), the deposits associated with these arches and syncline basins exhibit thickness variations and facies changes ranging from continental to marine environments. The arches are characterized by thin amalgamated deposits with condensed and erosional surfaces, whereas the syncline basins exhibit thicker and well-preserved successions. In addition, the vertical facies succession evolves from thin Silurian to Givetian deposits into thick Upper Devonian sediments. Synsedimentary structures and major unconformities are related to several tectonic events such as the Cambrian–Ordovician extension, the Ordovician–Silurian glacial rebound, the Silurian–Devonian Caledonian extension/compression, the late Devonian extension/compression, and the Hercynian compression. Locally, deformation is characterized by near-vertical planar normal faults responsible for horst and graben structuring associated with folding during the Cambrian–Ordovician–Silurian period. These structures may have been inverted or reactivated during the Devonian (i.e., Caledonian, Mid–Late Devonian) compression and the Carboniferous (i.e., pre-Hercynian to Hercynian). Additionally, basement characterization from geological and geophysics data (aeromagnetic and gravity maps), shows an interesting age-dependent zonation of the terranes which are bounded by mega-shear zones within the arches–basins framework. The old terranes are situated under arches while the young terranes are located under the basins depocenter. This structural framework results from the accretion of Archean and Proterozoic terranes inherited from former orogeny (e.g., Pan-African orogeny 900–520 Ma). Therefore, the sedimentary infilling pattern and the nature of deformation result from the repeated slow Paleozoic reactivation of Precambrian terranes bounded by subvertical lithospheric fault systems. Alternating periods of tectonic quiescence and low-rate subsidence acceleration associated with extension and local inversion tectonics correspond to a succession of Paleozoic geodynamic events (i.e., far-field orogenic belt, glaciation).
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 71, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 107–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002619.
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-Peter Hulme, Polly Pattullo, Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the Caribbean. London: Cassell/Latin America Bureau and Kingston: Ian Randle, 1996. xiii + 220 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Édouard Glissant, Introduction à une poétique du Divers. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1995. 106 pp.-Bruce King, Tejumola Olaniyan, Scars of conquest / Masks of resistance: The invention of cultural identities in African, African-American, and Caribbean drama. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. xii + 196 pp.-Sidney W. Mintz, Raymond T. Smith, The Matrifocal family: Power, pluralism and politics. New York: Routledge, 1996. x + 236 pp.-Raymond T. Smith, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the past: Power and the production of history. Boston: Beacon, 1995. xix + 191 pp.-Michiel Baud, Samuel Martínez, Peripheral migrants: Haitians and Dominican Republic sugar plantations. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. xxi + 228 pp.-Samuel Martínez, Michiel Baud, Peasants and Tobacco in the Dominican Republic, 1870-1930. Knoxville; University of Tennessee Press, 1995. x + 326 pp.-Robert C. Paquette, Aline Helg, Our rightful share: The Afro-Cuban struggle for equality, 1886-1912. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xii + 361 pp.-Daniel C. Littlefield, Roderick A. McDonald, The economy and material culture of slaves: Goods and Chattels on the sugar plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xiv + 339 pp.-Jorge L. Chinea, Luis M. Díaz Soler, Puerto Rico: desde sus orígenes hasta el cese de la dominación española. Río Piedras: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. xix + 758 pp.-David Buisseret, Edward E. Crain, Historic architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. ix + 256 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Mavis C. Campbell, Back to Africa. George Ross and the Maroons: From Nova Scotia to Sierra Leone. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1993. xxv + 115 pp.-Sandra Burr, Gretchen Gerzina, Black London: Life before emancipation. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995. xii + 244 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, Trevor Munroe, The cold war and the Jamaican Left 1950-1955: Reopening the files. Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1992. xii + 242 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, David Panton, Jamaica's Michael Manley: The great transformation (1972-92). Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1993. xx + 225 pp.-Percy C. Hintzen, Cary Fraser, Ambivalent anti-colonialism: The United States and the genesis of West Indian independence, 1940-1964. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1994. vii + 233 pp.-Anthony J. Payne, Carlene J. Edie, Democracy in the Caribbean: Myths and realities. Westport CT: Praeger, 1994. xvi + 296 pp.-Alma H. Young, Jean Grugel, Politics and development in the Caribbean basin: Central America and the Caribbean in the New World Order. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. xii + 270 pp.-Alma H. Young, Douglas G. Lockhart ,The development process in small island states. London: Routledge, 1993. xv + 275 pp., David Drakakis-Smith, John Schembri (eds)-Virginia Heyer Young, José Solis, Public school reform in Puerto Rico: Sustaining colonial models of development. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1994. x + 171 pp.-Carolyn Cooper, Christian Habekost, Verbal Riddim: The politics and aesthetics of African-Caribbean Dub poetry. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993. vii + 262 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Jaqueline Leiner, Aimé Césaire: Le terreau primordial. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1993. 175 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Abiola Írélé, Aimé Césaire: Cahier d'un retour au pays natal. With introduction, commentary and notes. Abiola Írélé. Ibadan: New Horn Press, 1994. 158 pp.-Alvina Ruprecht, Stella Algoo-Baksh, Austin C. Clarke: A biography. Barbados: The Press - University of the West Indies; Toronto: ECW Press, 1994. 234 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Glyne A. Griffith, Deconstruction, imperialism and the West Indian novel. Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1996. xxiii + 147 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Peter Manuel ,Caribbean currents: Caribbean music from Rumba to Reggae. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. xi + 272 pp., Kenneth Bilby, Michael Largey (eds)-Daniel J. Crowley, Judith Bettelheim, Cuban festivals: An illustrated anthology. New York: Garland Publishing, 1993. x + 261 pp.-Judith Bettelheim, Ramón Marín, Las fiestas populares de Ponce. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. 277 pp.-Marijke Koning, Eric O. Ayisi, St. Eustatius: The treasure island of the Caribbean. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1992. xviii + 224 pp.-Peter L. Patrick, Marcyliena Morgan, Language & the social construction of identity in Creole situations. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American studies, UCLA, 1994. vii + 158 pp.-John McWhorter, Tonjes Veenstra, Serial verbs in Saramaccan: Predication and Creole genesis. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphic, 1996. x + 217 pp.-John McWhorter, Jacques Arends, The early stages of creolization. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995. xv + 297 pp.
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Stanek, Łukasz. "Architects from Socialist Countries in Ghana (1957–67)." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 416–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.4.416.
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Architects from Socialist Countries in Ghana (1957–67): Modern Architecture and Mondialisation discusses the architectural production of the Ghana National Construction Corporation (GNCC), a state agency responsible for building and infrastructure programs during Ghana’s first decade of independence. Łukasz Stanek reviews the work of GNCC architects within the networks that intersected in 1960s Accra, including competing networks of global cooperation: U.S.-based economic institutions, the British Commonwealth, technical assistance from socialist countries, support programs from the United Nations, and collaboration within the Non-Aligned Movement. His analysis of labor conditions within the GNCC reveals a negotiation between Cold War antagonisms and a shared culture of modern architecture that was instrumental in the reorganization of the everyday within categories of postindependence modernization. Drawing on previously unexplored materials from archives in Ghana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the article reveals the role of architects from European socialist countries in the urbanization of West Africa and their contribution to modern architecture’s becoming a worldwide phenomenon.
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Uduku, Ola. "Modernist architecture and ‘the tropical’ in West Africa: The tropical architecture movement in West Africa, 1948–1970." Habitat International 30, no. 3 (September 2006): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.11.001.
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Milosevic, Predrag. "Foundations of Byzantine late middle ages architecture thoughtfulness." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 2, no. 5 (2003): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0305395m.
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Only in the recent few years have a number of facsimile publications on architecture offered a possibility of studying the original texts from different time periods. Those, already rare studies on the theory of architecture in the western civilization, almost regularly completely omit the Byzantine achievements in the so-called entirety of thoughtfulness (enkyklios paideia), that was a main characteristic of Byzantine learning. This learning, based on the ancient Greek and Hellenistic foundations, in many ways concern architecture, especially the architectural theory. That is why writing a good account of the architectural theory of this, historically such an important country as Byzantium, in such a long historical period (since 312 till 1453), has been a difficult task (this contribution is just the initial part of the study). One should not be disregarded that the architectural theories are never completely independent of historical geographical or even personal prejudices of their authors. In this sense, a subject matter of this treatise is just one 1141 year long part of the architectural theory of the West (West - in civilizational terms, not a political West), the part that rests on Christian foundations that is the Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant ones, mainly. It is all treated in order, from ancient pagan Greece and Rome, ancient and Middle Ages Orthodox Byzantium, until Middle Ages and New Age Europe, altogether, Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant Europe, and then those parts of the world in which the said civilizational circle managed to take root in: parts of Asia, North and South America, parts of Africa and Australia.
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Rustandi, Ecep Herdis, Karto Wijaya, and Rochmanijar Setiady. "GREAT MOSQUE BANDUNG AS A LANDMARK OF BANDUNG CITY." Indonesian Journal of Built Environmental and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (May 22, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/ijobes.v1i1.249.
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ABSTRACT : The city of Bandung is the capital of West Java Province, Bandung City also known as the historic City of Bandung is a witness of historic events from Bandung to the sea of fire until the Asian-African Conference (KAA). The city of Bandung also has historical landmarks of the Dutch colonial era including Gedung Merdeka, Gedung Sate, Savoy Homan Hotel, Pasar Baru, and the Great Mosque of Bandung. Because of the many historic buildings in the city of Bandung, Bandung City is the destination of tourist destinations, both local and foreign tourists, Bandung is also known as Parijs Van Java. The nickname was given because the city of Bandung is located on a plateau surrounded by mountains so that the air or temperature in Bandung is very cool as in Europe. Speaking of historical buildings in this writing, the author will take the title of the Great Mosque as a Landmark of Bandung. The Great Mosque of Bandung Established in the 19th century and is one of the historical buildings in the City of Bandung the Great Mosque Several times experienced transformation of forms or renovations from 1810 - 2001. Bandung Grand Mosque is located in the city square of Bandung or in the center of the city is strategically located making the Bandung Great Mosque a religious tourist attraction in the city of Bandung. Keywords : Mosque, Landmark, Bandung, Colonial, Dutch, Architecture
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Mignard, Salomé, Thierry Mulder, Philippe Martinez, and Thierry Garlan. "The Ogooue Fan (offshore Gabon): a modern example of deep-sea fan on a complex slope profile." Solid Earth 10, no. 3 (June 17, 2019): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-851-2019.
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Abstract. The effects of changes in slope gradient on deposition processes and architecture have been investigated in different deep-sea systems both in modern and ancient environments. However, the impact of subtle gradient changes (< 0.3∘) on sedimentary processes along deep-sea fans still needs to be clarified. The Ogooue Fan, located in the northeastern part of the Gulf of Guinea, extends over more than 550 km westwards of the Gabonese shelf and passes through the Cameroon volcanic line. Here, we present the first study of acoustic data (multibeam echosounder and 3.5 kHz, very high-resolution seismic data) and piston cores covering the deep-sea part of this West African system. This study documents the architecture and sedimentary facies distribution along the fan. Detailed mapping of near-seafloor seismic-reflection data reveals the influence of subtle slope gradient changes (< 0.2∘) along the fan morphology. The overall system corresponds to a well-developed deep-sea fan, fed by the Ogooue River sedimentary load, with tributary canyons, distributary channel–levee complexes and lobe elements. However, variations in the slope gradient due to inherited salt-related structures and the presence of several seamounts, including volcanic islands, result in a topographically complex slope profile including several ramps and steps. In particular, turbidity currents derived from the Gabonese shelf deposit cross several interconnected intra-slope basins located on the low gradient segments of the margin (< 0.3∘). On a higher gradient segment of the slope (0.6∘), a large mid-system valley developed connecting an intermediate sedimentary basin to the more distal lobe area. Distribution and thickness of turbidite sands is highly variable along the system. However, turbidite sands are preferentially deposited on the floor of the channel and the most proximal depositional areas. Core description indicates that the upper parts of the turbidity flows, mainly composed of fine-grained sediments, are found in the most distal depocenters.
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Musoma, Albert Lusiola. "Military Diplomacy Strategies Applied by AMISOM in Restoration of Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa." African Journal of Empirical Research 2, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i1.5.
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Somalia has a long history of internally inspired terror mainly arising from the threat of terrorism that has threatened both domestic and international interests and has drawn increased military efforts from both African continent partners and China and the United States. The aim to investigate the strategies applied by AMISOM in military diplomacy in the Horn of Africa. The study adopted an exploratory and mixed methods research design. Mixed methods approach allows for investigation of a broader and complex research problem enabling the researcher to utilize more than one approach, both quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection. The study target population entailed AMISOM staff who relevant respondents provided sufficient information to answer the research questions. Currently, AMISOM has 22,000 military troops, 234 police officers and 81 civilians. Moreover, the study equally targeted the Somali civilian population since they were important stakeholders in providing information on the effectiveness of military diplomacy in the country. Thus, the target population comprised 22,315 AMISOM staff and civilian contingent. Out of these, the study sampled 100. Primary data was collected from study respondents by means of a research questionnaire and an interview schedule. The data analysis process involved both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Content analysis was mainly used to analyse the qualitative data and which would be reported normatively. Quantitative research findings were analysed and reported using descriptive statistics, tables, graphs, charts and inferential statistics in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v23). Moreover, the data analysis was structured objectively to address each of the study research questions. This study suffices to demonstrate that AMISOM involvement in Somalia as an act of military diplomacy occasioned by the need to foster peace and regional stability on the horn of Africa region. The study demonstrated AMISOM employs different military diplomacy strategies although at different capacities. From the foregoing, the study points to the need for restructuring of AMISOM’s peace and security architecture to bring out focus and responsiveness to the dynamic nature of the conflict and the enemy. The study recommends the need for further exploration into military diplomacy in Africa, especially given the dearth in empirical literature that is mainly from the West. Following this exploration of the role of military diplomacy in restoring peace and security in the horn of Africa, this study points to research gaps on the influence of civilian component in military diplomacy efforts on peace and security. Further there is need to understand the psychological effects in AMISOM troops participating in military diplomacy efforts in Somalia.
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Sonaiya, Olusola A., and Ozgur Dincyurek. "Tradition and Modernism in Yoruba Architecture: Bridging the Chasm." Open House International 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2009-b0008.
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Vernacular and modern architecture have mostly been seen as antitheses, impossible to reconcile, especially in Africa. They appear to belong to different ages, utilize different materials and methods, and encourage or support different lifestyles. This paper aims at seeking points where a merging of principles may be attempted between the two positions. The study is based on a survey on the traditional architecture of the Yoruba people of West Africa. The decline in popular use of this building tradition and its rejection by design practitioners raises some physical and psychological issues which are examined in this paper. These include: spatial layout, use and quality, ecology and economy, concepts, meaning and perception. The fate of Yoruba traditional built culture depends on a conscious attempt to reconcile it with people's contemporary needs, lifestyles and world views. Therefore, a brief introduction on the importance of Yoruba architecture and its preservation will be followed by a general definition of its features and characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the problems posed by the architecture's modern trends in Yoruba land will be examined. It is hoped that such works may assist in the development of a truly responsive and sustainable architecture for the Yoruba people. The proposed solutions may be applied in other parts of Africa, or in regions with similar cultural or geographical concerns.
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Richards, Paul. "Peasant farming as improvisation: what theory do we possess and how might it be used?" Journal of Political Ecology 25, no. 1 (October 27, 2018): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.23088.
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Improvisation is currently enjoying an intellectual vogue across fields as diverse as the musicology of free jazz to management science. But what are the theoretical moorings of this far-reaching new enterprise? First, the article offers a brief review of some potential foundations for studies of improvisation. The hypothesis that humans possess neurons for mirrored interaction because they have evolved as social animals is arguably as plausible as the notion that interactive, social behaviour is a product of a neural architecture primed for interactive cognition. Durkheim responded to a similar unresolved set of arguments about brains and cognition at the end of nineteenth century by taking his well-known late ethnographic turn (towards Australia). This takes us to the second part of the article. The ethnography of performance retains its value to nourish our understanding of larger questions regarding properties of human sociality. Specifically, the article seeks to suggest that a focus on the ritual shaping of embodied actions is crucial to understand and address the emergence of a range of competing "styles of thought." An example helps show that the "bubbles" and "echo chambers" of opinion, of which contemporary political commentators complain, are not (as supposed) products of the internet and social media, but rooted in more fundamental differences in social ordering reinforced by variations in practical and ritual performance. The article seeks to bring out the persistent "deafness" of development agencies to connections between shifting cultivation and social practices of marriage and death in a West African farming community. Calls by development agencies to abandon shifting cultivation have no effect. Approaching agrarian intervention via joint improvisation might help two circular arguments sustained by institutional differences to connect. Key words: Social theory, development, ethnography, performance
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Düzyaman, Eftal. "Cultivar differences in yield distribution patterns in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 1 (2006): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04291.
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A total of 15 okra cultivars of Indian, Turkish, West African, and United States origin with diverse plant traits were selected to investigate the distribution patterns of yield throughout the harvest period. The proportion of fruits harvested up to mid-harvest period (FMH) was calculated for each cultivar and taken as a criterion in transforming yield distribution patterns into numerical variables. Cultivars showed a gradation for FMH values ranging from 64.5% to 30.7%. High FMH values were exclusively found in the Indian cultivars, whilst there was no origin-specificity for lower FMH values. Most parts of the plant architecture were associated with FMH. When moving from lower to higher FMH values, the number of lateral branches and consequently the proportion of yield carried by the lateral branches decreased (both at P < 0.001) and flowering initiated earlier (P < 0.001). However, plants showed reduced mean stem diameter (P < 0.05), leaf area (P < 0.001), and fruit weight (P < 0.05). Hence, fewer generative nodes per plant were formed (P < 0.001). However, the proportion of generative nodes translated into fruits was higher (P < 0.001), and consequently a greater number of fruits per plant was harvested (P < 0.01). Coefficient of determination (R 2) analysis revealed that a multiple regression model containing the 3 traits most correlated with FMH [number of days to flowering (r = –0.89), first flowering node (r = –0.84), proportion of generative nodes translated into fruits (r = 0.80)] explained 85% of the variation in FMH. Number of days to flowering alone explained 79% and a complex regression model containing all variables (10 variables) explained 90%. Traits associated with yield distribution patterns may be considered in introducing cultivars to different ecological and production systems, as well as in selection for breeding lines.
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Gallagher, Julia, Dennis Larbi Mpere, and Yah Ariane Bernadette N'djoré. "State aesthetics and state meanings: Political architecture in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire." African Affairs 120, no. 480 (July 1, 2021): 333–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adab018.
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Abstract There are striking differences between state buildings in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire and in how citizens living in each country’s capital city think and talk about them. In this article, we explore the degree to which these buildings illustrate very different ideas of statehood in West Africa. We draw on art theories from West Africa to argue that architectural aesthetics rest on juxtapositions of beauty and the sublime and we suggest ways these help establish state meaning. We then apply our aesthetic approach to citizens’ evaluations of their state buildings in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire and illustrate how differently the approach plays out, in Ghana where the state emerges as acclimatized and relatively robust and in Côte d’Ivoire where the state emerges as idealized and fragile.
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Moshé, Liora. "Regional and Colonial Architectures in French West Africa: Formalistic Dialogues." Présence Africaine 171, no. 1 (2005): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/presa.171.0059.
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PARKER, JOHN. "PRECOLONIAL AKAN TOWNS Building Technology and Settlement Planning in a West African Civilization: Precolonial Akan Cities and Towns. By TARIKHU FARRAR. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1996. Pp. xi + 217. No price given (ISBN 0-7734-2262-5)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796426901.
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Judging from the recent conference on Africa's Urban Past held at London's School of Oriental and African Studies, historians are increasingly – if somewhat belatedly – joining their colleagues in the social sciences in recognizing the continent's towns and cities as fruitful fields of research. While urban historians of North America and Europe have long regarded the built environment as a valuable source, the form of towns is only beginning to emerge as a topic of serious consideration in the African context. It is gratifying to note, therefore, that a number of contributors to the SOAS conference chose to focus on the ways in which both indigenous concepts of settlement and the physical organization of space have shaped Africa's urban centres as arenas of social, political and economic conflict. It is with these issues in mind that the reviewer approached this study of the architectural history of a people with a long tradition of urbanism and a highly nuanced terminology of settlement, the Akan of southern Ghana.
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Roux, Hannah Le. "Modern Architecture in Post-Colonial Ghana and Nigeria." Architectural History 47 (2004): 361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00001805.
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… an architecture and form of urbanism will emerge closely connected with the set of ideas that have international validity but reflecting the conditions of climate, the habits of the people and the aspirations of the countries lying under the cloudy belt of the equatorial world.Max Fry and Jane Drew, architects, 1956The concept of architecture, even in its widest traditional sense, is foreign to Africa.John Lloyd, architect, 1966Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, who had been in and out of West Africa since the 1940s as planners and architects, were optimistic about the role of architecture in the tropics on the eve of independence. In the text of Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zones they championed the development in Africa of the tropical modernism they had pioneered in their own work. In sharp contrast, John Lloyd, writing from Ghana just ten years later, conveyed a sense of the discipline’s estrangement from the context.
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Pelmoine, Thomas, and Anne Mayor. "Vernacular architecture in eastern Senegal: Chaînes opératoires and technical choices." Journal of Material Culture 25, no. 3 (April 18, 2020): 348–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183520907929.
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Architecture is an important component of cultural identity, but knowledge regarding construction techniques using local materials is gradually disappearing, and this subject has rarely been studied in sub-Saharan Africa. This ethno-archaeological study of current vernacular architecture and its evolution during the past three centuries in eastern Senegal therefore brings innovative results that are interesting on different levels. In relation to West Africa, the authors aim to provide new knowledge useful for archaeologists lacking references for interpreting past remains, as well as an archive for historical and heritage studies. More widely, the study constitutes a reference for the description of various mud-building techniques and an attempt to understand the mechanisms explaining their transformations, which should concern all scientists interested in vernacular architecture, in Africa and beyond. More precisely, this article accounts for the variability of techniques used for constructing walls and roofs of dwellings in the Faleme valley among different ethno-linguistic groups, while considering the environmental, cultural and socio-economic factors at play. The authors’ methodology is based on a description of the chaînes opératoires of construction, interviews, mapping and statistical analysis. The patterns observed facilitate a discussion on the evolution of techniques, environmental adaptations, the transfer of knowledge and the role of history in material culture dynamics.
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Miller, Ashley. "Review: Architecture, Islam, and Identity in West Africa: Lessons from Larabanga, by Michelle Apotsos." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 79, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2020.79.3.331.
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TWENEBOAH SENZU, Emmanuel. "The Advanced Proposed Architecture of Eco-Currency: Technical Analysis of West Africa Single Currency Program." Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance 11, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jasf.v11.2(22).03.
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The different target of the time period has been established over the past two decades in the institutionalization of a single currency union in West Africa. Depending on varied reasons the proposed programs have always failed before the set timelines in respect of ECOWAS monetary unification and single currency adoption. As a result, the paper explored and developed its argument based on the existing studies of structured economic shocks, significant to the failure of the single currency union, and its major causal factors. And with observed structured analysis propose catalytic activator method as a theoretical guide to attain the single currency union within three (3) years ahead, if the necessary requirement as the commitment level of members’ State is applied towards the single currency unification program. It then elaborates in the spirit of precision the process required to sustain the eco-currency program in other to elevate members State in an out-date of its domestic currencies struggling as a subservient economic bloc to the adoption of a new anticipated domineering currency in its own merit to shoulder with the global dominating hard currencies.
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Hill, Geoff. "THE ROLE OF THE PRE-RIFT STRUCTURE IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE DAMPIER BASIN AREA, NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 34, no. 1 (1994): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93046.
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The Dampier Sub-basin shows many faults oblique to the basin axis. Previous explanations for this range from syn-rift transfer systems through to deep seated wrenching.Multiple rift episodes, with differing stress directions, occur in the area's history, each utilising the pre-existing fault patterns. As basement is difficult to interpret beneath thick sedimentary cover, the initial architecture is interpreted from the tectonic setting.The sub-basin lies adjacent to the Archean Pilbara Craton, a stable crustal block surrounded by ancient mobile belts. The East Africa rift system has also formed in a Craton margin setting. In East Africa earthquake data and detailed seismic interpretation show the rift utilises faults within the mobile belt systems.In the Dampier area, the three different extension vectors combined with the pre-rift fabric and the East Africa analogue, are used to build an alternate model for the basin genesis. Permo-Carboniferous extension sets up a rift system partitioned by the Precambrian fabric. Jurassic extension reactivates these faults but with oblique slip and dip slip movement caused by the new extension direction. This oblique slip causes complex branching arrays of new faults within the cover section. A third extension vector in the Cretaceous subsequently modifies the fabric. The Dampier Sub-basin is seen as a complex failed rift utilising a Precambrian tectonic fabric. The structural inheritance of the pre-rift fabric by each rift episode has affected the geometry of hydrocarbon-bearing structures of the sub-basin.
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Zhang, Jia-Jia, Sheng-He Wu, Ting-En Fan, Hong-Jun Fan, Li Jiang, Cheng Chen, Qiong-Yuan Wu, and Peng Lin. "Research on the architecture of submarine-fan lobes in the Niger Delta Basin, offshore West Africa." Journal of Palaeogeography 5, no. 3 (July 2016): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2016.05.005.
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Urban, Florian. "Architecture in Global Socialism – Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War." Planning Perspectives 35, no. 4 (June 4, 2020): 741–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2020.1772645.
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Liu, Li, Tingshan Zhang, Xiaoming Zhao, Shenghe Wu, Jialiang Hu, Xing Wang, and Yikai Zhang. "Sedimentary architecture models of deepwater turbidite channel systems in the Niger Delta continental slope, West Africa." Petroleum Science 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2013): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-013-0261-x.
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