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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'West African (French)'
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Ndiaye, Malick. "The impact of health beliefs and culture on health literacy and treatment of diabetes among French speaking West African immigrants." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2050.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.<br>Title from screen (viewed on February 1, 2010). Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Ulla M. Connor, Frank M. Smith, Honnor Orlando. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-139).
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Schulman, Gwendolyn. "Colonial education for African girls in Afrique occidentale française : a project for gender reconstruction, 1819-1960." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56913.
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This thesis is a survey of the development of religious and secular colonial education for African girls and women in Afrique Occidentale Francaise, from 1819 to 1960. The historiography of colonial education in AOF has dismissed the education of African girls and women as they were numerically too insignificant to merit any special attention.<br>This study argues that an examination of educational objectives, institutions and curricula provides a rare and valuable window on French colonial discourse on African women. It was a discourse fed by sexism and ethnocentrism, that ultimately intended to refashion women's gender identities and roles to approximate those prescribed by the French ideology of domesticity.<br>The system took the form of a number of domestic sciences training centres that aimed to change the very social definition of what constituted an African woman--to remake her according to the Euro-Christian, patriarchal ideal of mother, wife and housekeeper. Colonial educators argued that such a woman, especially in her role as mother, was the best conduit for the propagation of French mores, practices, and most importantly, submission to French hegemony.<br>The final decades of formal colonial rule in AOF saw the emergence of a small African male bourgeoisie. Members of this class, called "assimiles", accepted to varying degrees French language, lifestyle and values. This study further examines how many of them embraced the ideology of domesticity and became active in the debate on African women's education and the need to control and transform their gender identities.
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Moahi, Refilwe M. "Women's Advancement in Francophone West Africa: A Comparison of Mali and Senegal." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/256.
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This research begins to explore what political tools are necessary to elevate women’s position in society by transforming legislation. Women in Francophone West Africa do not enjoy certain basic rights and there is need to improve their status. The promotion and appointment of women to the position of prime minister, Mame Madior Boyé in Senegal in 2001 and Mariam Kaidama Cissé Sidibé in Mali in 2011, gives us hope that women-friendly agendas will be given priority. I pose the question: Did the appointment of these two women to the heads of their respective governments improve the status of women and their political representation in West Africa? There is existing research that suggests that more women in government increases the visibility of women’s issues. I argue that simply having women in positions of power is not sufficient; participation in informal politics and civil society is imperative. These women have to go into the position with a commitment to women’s issues and a willingness to work with the already existent networks of women’s associations dedicated to furthering women’s rights. I study the successful passage of a new woman-friendly constitution in Senegal. In particular, I look at each participant’s role in making this happen, the associations who pushed for reforms for many years, the reformist president Wade, and Boyé who was a founding member of one of the central women’s associations, the Association of Senegalese Female Legal Practitioners. I compare this with the unsuccessful signing of new family code in Mali. I discuss the disinterest and indecisiveness of the president and Sidibé, as well as the influence of the strong opposition from the conservative High Islamic Council. There are also institutional barriers to change, namely the pluralist legal system of customary law, Islamic law, and state law. Finally, I discuss other possible reasons for the differences in these two countries’ results, such as Senegal’s longer history of democracy and general acceptance of modernity and women’s rights.
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Sachikonye, Tsitsi Shamiso Anne. "Lʹétude des thèmes du deuil et de la marginalité dans Le Royaume Aveugle et Reine Pokou, concerto pour un sacrifice de Véronique Tadjo". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002956.
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The field of our study is Francophone African Literature and this thesis explores the themes of marginality and grief both experienced by Princess Akissi in The Blind Kingdom and Princess Pokou in Queen Pokou (2004) during their rise to power in their respective kingdoms. The two novels written by Véronique Tadjo from Ivory Coast, are subjected to thematic analysis because they are both based on similar storylines - that of conflict and rivalry within kingdoms resulting in the exile of the two princesses. One of the novels is set in a pre-colonial period while the other is set in a postcolonial era. Queen Pokou, winner of the 2005 Grand Prix Littéraire d’Afrique Noire (which is the most distinguished prize in Francophone African literature), is a retelling of the founding myths of the Baoulé people of Ivory Coast. In her literary texts, Tadjo transgresses the original legend and her reconstruction of this legend is significant because it challenges the ritual sacrifice made by Princess Pokou in order to free her people and to become queen. In The Blind Kingdom (1990), Tadjo highlights the corruption and injustice of the ruling elite. Space is used to reinforce the King’s domination thus a revolution is necessary to overthrow the exploitative power structures in place. The revolution that takes place relies heavily on the participation of Karim and especially on Princess Akissi who chooses to rebel against her father, King Ato IV in order to stop injustice. This thematic analysis, supported by semiotic theory, aims to establish and demonstrate the relationship between marginality of the two princesses, in particular, and their subsequent grief. It sheds light on the reasons for their exclusion from power as well as the nature of the conflicts that occur as they rise to power. The study postulates that certain myths and images are evoked by the novelist to symbolise the exclusion of the two princesses from power.
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Arsan, Andrew Kerim. "Lebanese migrants in French West Africa, 1898-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608460.
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Strother, Christian Matthew. "Malaria policy and public health in French West Africa, 1890-1940." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648260.
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White, Owen. "Children of the French empire : miscegenation and colonial society in French West Africa, 1895-1960 /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376525368.
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White, Owen. "Miscegenation and colonial society in French West Africa c.1900-1960." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318997.
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Small, Audrey Holdhus. "Publishing and cultural identity in francophone West Africa." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167833.
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This thesis examines the problems engendered by ongoing Western dominance in the field of francophone African publishing, with specific reference to Guinea and Senegal. This dominance raises complex issues of power, authority and voice that are familiar tropes in postcolonial analyses, but this thesis seeks to re-place such questions in a wider context, looking at the current material circumstances of the publishing industry and “socially contaminated” instances such as international donor funding and national language policy as a perspective. This allows the links between the two rather distinct fields of the cultural and the commercial to be explored. The guiding theme is a critique of the argument for full indigenisation or africanisation of African publishing, a debate which is based on questions of language, critical authority and identity. The thesis seeks to cut through the inevitable polemics raised by the dominance of Western publishers in African publishing, to clearly identify the problems thrown up by this imbalance, and to explore the ramifications for ‘African literature’.
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Péricard, Alain. "Communication et interculturalité en Afrique de l'Ouest francophone." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29108.
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The study of interculturality ("intercultural competence"), its foundations and its effects in francophone Western Africa reveals the need for a reconceptualization of intercultural communication. A theory of interculturality should be interdisciplinary, non-positivist, critical and reflexive. Because conventional approaches and their applications create a spatial and temporal distance, and undervalue endogenous knowledges, they limit understanding and hamper reciprocal intercultural exchanges.<br>The observation of communication processes around a sub regional West African organization (the "Communaute economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest") reveals that interculturality is not a characteristic of better educated Africans or of those most exposed to foreign cultures, and even less of Whites or of other members of dominant groups. Rather, it is more pronounced among women, members of marginalized ethnic groups and, above all, among urban marginals. Interculturality manifests itself through interactions. It is the result of singular positions (standpoints) rooted in endogenous knowledges, in training (in its broadest sense) and in the experience of subordination in pluriethnic contexts.<br>The texts that inform the dominant definitions of situations create a communicational and intercultural handicap, also linked to a superior status in the informal hierarchy. On the opposite, the mobility of an insider-outsider position confers an advantage, an aptitude for conversation, or for an egalitarian exchange in various local and imported spaces of culture and power. Such a position is a condition for intercultural studies and practices. Individually, it can be developed through a formal or informal initiation, empathy and an awareness of one's own limits.<br>In development programs, the interculturality acquired by certain members of marginal groups is at the origin of processes of diversion--a reorientation of resources towards locally negotiated ends--which reveal the endogenous conceptions of participation and social change. The study of interculturality in Africa thus supports the idea that a communicational approach to intercultural problems could be fruitfully applied in other contexts.
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Chafer, Anthony Douglas. "Decolonisation and the politics of education in French West Africa : 1944-1958." Thesis, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341929.
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Akinyeye, O. A. "Guarding the gateways British and French defence policies in West Africa, 1886-1945 /." Akoka, Yaba-Lagos, Nigeria : University of Lagos Press, 2003. http://books.google.com/books?id=lPpyAAAAMAAJ.
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Thiam, Boubacar. "Evaluating changes in forest management policies during the last fifteen years in Francophone West Africa." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191721.
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Tropical deforestation is singled out as one of the more critical issues facing African countries during the last few decades. In discussing causes of forest depletion, local farmers are often the first to be identified. However, these local farmers have been living in legal, political, social, and economic environments that have had tremendous effects on the system of natural resources management in Africa as well as elsewhere in the tropics.This research project was designed to generate testable hypotheses evaluating the effectiveness of forest policies dating from 1985 in Francophone West Africa including Mali., Senegal, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Benin, and Togo. Since 1985, because of factors such as the droughts of the 1970s and the 1980s, the growing pressure of humans on forest resources, the failure of six decades of centralized forest management policies, and the influence of the international community, national authorities have undertaken a series of reforms of their forest policies to adopt a decentralized management of forest resources. This decentralized forest management policy is aimed at involving local people in the development and the management of their forest resources, promoting local governance, increasing revenues, and achieving sustainable forest management. The actual situation is that new policies have been or are being implemented throughout the region, but until now an inability to evaluate their effectiveness for sustainable forest management exists. The purpose of this research was to identify ways to overcome this problem.The research was limited to reviewing written information on forest policies and legislation, conventions and programs that are related to forest management, to interviewing knowledgeable persons based in Washington, DC, who are interested in forest policy in Africa, and to personal and professional observations in the United States and in Africa. From the review and interviews, a conceptual analysis of key components of forest policies was made to highlight their meanings and usefulness in evaluating decentralized forest management policy. This analysis led to the formulation of hypotheses about decentralized forest management and the enumeration of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management to measure the effectiveness of new forest policies dating from 1985 in Francophone West Africa.<br>Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Skabelund, Andrew G. "Governing Gorée: France in West Africa Following the Seven Years' War." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3655.
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In 1763, France had just suffered a devastating loss to the British in the Seven Years' War. In almost an instant, France's claims to West Africa shrank to the tiny island of Gorée off the coast of Senegal and a few trading posts on the mainland. This drastic reversal of fortunes forced France to reevaluate its place in the world and rethink its overall imperial objectives and colonial strategies, and in an effort to regroup, the French Empire sent a new governor, Pierre François Guillaume Poncet de la Rivière, on a mission to regain its foothold in West Africa. From this tiny island, France eventually succeeded in overturning its devastating losses and establishing itself as the dominant force in the region over the next two centuries, so deeply ingraining its influence into the core of West Africa that its imperial influence is still felt today.Despite France's future success, Poncet's tenure as governor was fraught with mismanagement and poor planning. Poncet believed he had the full backing of the Duc de Choiseul, but Poncet's excessive zeal, inability to effectively employ and listen to subordinates, and rash interactions with the British undermined the French presence in the region and ultimately led to his dismissal. Poncet's governorship sheds new light on Choiseul's goals for the Senegambia region and his underestimation of what it took to establish a strong presence.
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Leney, Katya. "The politics of higher education in the Gold Coast and French West Africa from 1945 to independence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624741.
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Dipple, Bruce E. C. "A missiological evaluation of the history of the Sudan Interior Mission in French West Africa 1924-1962." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Ivemark, Biorn. "Bleu blanc noir : assimilation trajectories, identity dynamics and boundary work of French Antilleans, West Africans, and their children in Paris." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62929.
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This study compares the assimilation trajectories, identity dynamics and boundary work of French Antilleans, West Africans and their descendants in the Paris region. While previous studies have focused on the experiences of French Antilleans and sub-Saharan Africans separately or those of Blacks in France as a whole, this study engages in a more minute comparison of the experiences of West African immigrants and French Antilleans across two generations in mainland France. This comparison primarily aims to determine the role of the divergent civic, cultural and religious backgrounds of these groups alongside their largely shared racial characteristics in how they assimilate to French society across two generations. These variables are of particular interest given the salience of civic and cultural distinctions in France, while racial distinctions are notoriously downplayed. The main theoretical goal of the study is to assess the usefulness of segmented assimilation theory in accounting for the various assimilation outcomes of these groups.
Drawing on 55 in-depth interviews complemented with wide-ranging statistical data, I explore the impact of cultural, religious and racial factors on the intergenerational educational and professional trajectories of both populations, analyze how these factors influence their identification patterns and assess how members of these groups seek to negotiate the various symbolic boundaries that they come up against, both in their relations to each other and to the majority population.
The results suggest that French Antilleans have more favourable educational and professional outcomes than West Africans. Despite the importance of racial barriers for both groups, the findings also underscore the salience of cultural and religious forces as well as the identification dynamics and boundary work that both groups engage in. While some segmented assimilation mechanisms remain valid in the French case, the study also demonstrates the importance of empirically identifying societally specific assimilation barriers and cultural segments for the theory to retain its usefulness in other national contexts.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Sociology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Glenn, Brittany Austin. "(M)otherhood : the mother symbol in postcolonial francophone literature from West Africa and the Caribbean." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1083.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Humanities<br>French
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Vikør, Knut S. "The oasis of salt the history of Kawar, a Saharan centre of salt production /." Bergen, Norway : Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42684340.html.
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Akoi, Kouadio. "Fishers and the West African manatee in the Fresco lagoon complex, Côted'Ivoire : common property, conflict and conservation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411941.
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In this thesis / investigate the indigenous common property resource management system, and the conflict between the community and the endangered West African manatee (Trichechuss enegalensis)i,n the lagoon complex of Fresco, one of the six most important habitats for manatee in Cote d7voire. The Fresco lagoon has been, and still is, an important means of transport and a valuable fishery for the local community, which depend on it for their livelihood needs. The lagoon becomes temporarily disconnected from the Atlantic Ocean on a regular basis. Its water level fises to its highest when the inlet is closed, as freshwater inflow, resulting mainly from rain falling in the lagoon's catchment, continue to accumulate behind the closed inlet. The vegetation communities that appear on the flooded shoreline during the highest water level are composed of 63 species from 61 genera and 34 families. A degrading mangrove forest dominates much of the shoreline. The indigenous resource management system in the Fresco lagoon was established during the 17th century, and was structured under an informal indigenous resource management institution, known locally as the N`gni system. The N`gni system was based on customs and traditional beliefs over the spirit of the water. The N`gni system sought to regulate fishing in the lagoon, to prevent conflicts, which may arise from the commonly used gate fishing method, and to maintain continual reverence for the spirit of the water. This was achieved by a set of rules and regulations and by dividing the lagoon into family territories based on the prevailing traditional land tenure system. The state has adopted a new land tenure regime and a free enterprise economic system. The Administrative Decentralization Reform has allowed the establishment of Fresco Town Council. As a result, the N`gni system was abolished and replaced by a government driven co-management committee in 1967, with a strong community representation. Fishing in the sea, which was more proritable for the community, has since stopped. The lagoon, which was initially set aside for fishing only during bad periods in the sea, is now a year round fishing ground, because access to the sea is difficult since the 12 districts of Fresco have been resettled. Younger generations are now losing their skill at fishing in the sea. Finally, as the increasing human population causes further impoverishment of the community, pressure on the lagoon increases. The community still generally retains a positive attitude towards the Fresco lagoon complex and recognizes the link between their cultural identity and its value as an important fishery. However, opinions on the success of present day management and options for future management vary according to ethnic origins, whether native or non-native, the length of residence in the area, and the villages in which users reside. Fishes, crustaceans and molluscs from the lagoon are harvested by the community and methods used include thrown netting, laid netting, line fishing and baskets for shilmp, crabs and oysters. However, several factors constitute a sefious challenge for future sustainability of resource use in the lagoon, including: the community now fish only in a lagoon of relatively small size; the human population is increasing, the inlet is breached almost every year giving little time for fish to grow; the degradation of the mangrove forest is ongoing resulting in lost of nutrients and of a refuge to fish and manatees and, the new coastal highway now improves access to the region. The West African manatee is a solitary animal, less active during the day than during the night, that spends its time resting, moving, feeding and cavorting. Its activities are linked to tidal stage and season. Manatees feed on fruit, mud and deposited plant material, but leaves of emergent plants and grasses found on the water's edge constitute the bulk of their diet. Feeding occurs mostly during night and long feeding excursions are frequently undertaken to riverine locations in the wet season for periods lasting from I night to several weeks. Manatees show a high rate of site fidelity. The home ranges of individuals are independent but overlap almost completely, suggesting that the species is not territorial. The time manatees spend on performing an activity is, in general, determined by the prevailing activity. However, human presence also impacts on time spent on certain activities, and manatees swim away or flee in response to humans at close distance. Manatee flight reactions are a direct response to approaching boats, the number of people transported and the type of activity in which they are engaged. Manatees avoid feeding on emergent plant along the water's edge when people are nearby. Nevertheless, the local community had a positive attitude towards the manatee overall, although most of them believe that manatee population in the Fresco lagoon had declined. To minimize conflicts between manatees and humans in the Fresco lagoon, the number of users should be strictly limited and areas heavily used by manatees should be zoned and human activities regulated in these areas. Finally, the ongoing public awareness campaign should continue and even be improved.
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MARRAS, ANDREA. "L’Africa Occidentale Francese fra Autonomie e Fallimenti. Il caso del Soudan/Mali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266737.
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This thesis analyses the decolonization process of West Africa French territories, since the Brazzaville’s Conference until the obtaining of Independence. The aim of this research project refers to the importance of French Soudan, nowadays Mali, in French West Africa, and how the leaders of this territory conducted the dialogue with the colonial authorities. The Soudan’s political elite followed the political direction dictated by Houphouet-Boigny, leader of the political movement which connected French territories in this area, until the decision of breaking free from this position. Modibo Keita, father of the Nation of Mali, developed new alliances between the RDA leadership, but also with other political parties and leaders, such as Senghor. Keita and the Senegalese leader tried to avoid the balkanization of West Africa, proposing a project which was based on the principles of African Unity.
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Selmon, Lauren. "A Fresh Perception of the World: A USA-Based Aid Worker and Media-Maker's Six-Year Journey Making a Documentary in West Africa." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/159.
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This paper retraces the transformative journey I went on as a media-maker in Liberia. I talk about my expectations before landing in Liberia and how my prejudices were confronted and transformed. I explain how I first worked with a family and later made a movie about their lives. I discuss the many questions raised by me, as a Westerner, making media in and about one of sub-Saharan Africa's poorest countries. Using personal experiences and observations, as well as, academic studies about media coverage of Africa, I argue that the Western media fails to reasonably cover Africa. I ask media-makers, specifically Western media-makers, to do something about it. I suggest that media-makers look for stories beyond those that continue to make the headlines, and develop a brand new, more balanced approach when creating media in foreign settings, particularly in Africa.
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Eklu, Sitou. "Circulation et réception des fictions télévisuelles en Afrique de l'Ouest francophone." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100028.
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Notre travail s'inscrit dans la lignée de l'étude de la réception sur la fiction sérialisée initiée par Elihu Katz et Tamar Liebes dans différents pays en 1990. Il vise à explorer le quotidien des spectateurs de l'Afrique de l’Ouest francophone, pour saisir comment ils interprètent et décodent les séries américaines et françaises. Quelles pratiques et quels usages ils en font et comprendre l'influence à court et à long terme de ces séries sur leur croyance et leur opinion. Et surtout décrypter comment le contexte politique, économique et socio-culturel interfère sur la réception dans cet espace post colonial<br>In the tradition of the study of the reception of the serialized fiction initiated by Elihu Katz and Tamar Liebes in different countries in 1990, the objective of my researches is to identify the different mediations across which French-speaking Africans decipher American and French TV series and to what extent those series influence their beliefs and opinions. It aims to explore and to grasp how they interpret and decode television fiction. What practical and what uses they make of series. How cultural socio economic policy environment interferes with reception in this post colonial space
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Brunet-La, Ruche Bénédicte. ""Crime et châtiment aux colonies" : poursuivre, juger, sanctionner au Dahomey de 1894 à 1945." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979289.
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Saisir le projet pénal colonial et le dérouler dans sa mise en œuvre, depuis l'acte criminel ou délictuel jusqu'à la sanction, en passant par la poursuite et le jugement, tel est l'objet de cette recherche menée dans un territoire de l'Afrique occidentale française entre 1894 et 1945, le Dahomey. Le principe de séparation entre citoyen européen et sujet indigène sur lequel se construit le mécanisme judiciaire s'étend à tout le parcours pénal suivi par les Dahoméens, avec la perception d'une criminalité proprement indigène ou l'exécution différenciée de la sanction selon le statut du condamné. Mais ce processus répressif ségrégué reste peu réfléchi dans sa continuité. Alors que la justice indigène est de plus en plus investie par le gouvernement colonial, les extrémités de la chaîne pénale sont peu pensées en termes d'intégration à la société civile. Les polices et les prisons restent au service d'un ordre politique et économique évolutif. La police judiciaire et le fonctionnement carcéral sont donc largement laissés entre les mains des chefs locaux et des auxiliaires africains, ce qui conduit à aménager le régime répressif dans un système de " domination sans hégémonie ". La colonne vertébrale de ce système, la justice indigène, est quant à elle au cœur des critiques contre l'ordre colonial, mais elle est aussi le lieu où se renégocient les rapports de pouvoir et où s'exposent les conflits sociaux en situation coloniale. Le parcours pénal suivi par les Dahoméens au cours de la première partie du XXe siècle apparaît comme un reflet déformé, et même transformé d'un projet répressif dominé par le souci de maintien de l'ordre mais relativement informe.
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Adou, Aman Ange. "La protection internationale des droits de l'homme en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de la femme en Côte d'Ivoire et au Mali." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3022.
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D’une manière générale, les droits de l’Homme sont reconnus dans toutes les cultures au nom de la dignité que l’on attribue à l’être humain en tant que tel. L’Afrique reconnait des prérogatives à l’homme pour lui préserver sa fierté et un profond respect à la femme dans sa fonction domestique. Au-delà de cette sphère ménagère la femme a du mal à obtenir plus de droits. La prise de conscience des chefs d’États et de gouvernements en la matière a donné naissance à un instrument régional de garantie des droits aux femmes sur le continent. Notre étude a pour but le développement de la théorie et de la pratique des droits de la femme en Afrique de l’ouest afin que son affermissement progressif contribue à faire évoluer la garantie du droit international en Afrique, et que cette évolution se produise sur la base de l’objectif selon laquelle la femme devrait posséder des droits propres opposables à l’État. Notre but dans cette étude est de démontrer que les femmes africaines sont également sujettes à cette inégalité homme-femme mais que des progrès pour y remédier ont été amorcés. Nous mettons aussi en évidence les domaines où la femme et l’homme ne sont pas protégés de la même manière tant au niveau de la législation qu’au niveau de la pratique culturelle en Côte d’Ivoire et au Mali où les violations des droits de la femme sont principalement favorisées par le déficit législatif en matière de droits des femmes qui prévaut également dans de nombreux pays africains en demeurant particulièrement préjudiciable aux femmes<br>General speaking, humans rights are recognized in all cultures in the name of dignity that is attributed to humans. Africa recognize privileges to men to preserve their pride and respect women in their home work. Beyong the domestic sphere, woman have difficulty to get more rights and freedom. The awareness of head of state and governement of the situation, gave some regional rules to protect women rights in the african countries. Our assignment in this study is to devellope theories and practics witch are for or against women right évolution in west Africa, specialy in Ivory Cost and in Mali states where national laws are ambiguous as to women rights protection. We note that women rights changes according to religion convictions, culture, the traditional practice in each country. This situation is also favored by the legislative deficit that need to be repared. It is aloso apparent that women rights promotion and garanted in war situation that Africa states know continualy and in where women and children are the favorit targets. So lets try to find how to integrate women rights protection to african costums
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Gendry, Thaïs. "Le droit de tuer, La peine de mort au service de l’ordre colonial en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1950." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0059.
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La justice rendue aux colonies n’est pas une excroissance de la justice française métropolitaine. Faisant fi de la séparation de pouvoirs, autoritaire et racialisée, elle est une manière singulière d’organiser le droit de punir et le droit de tuer. Celle-ci n’a généré dans l’historiographie que peu d’analyses et reste marginale dans les réflexions sur le maintien de l’ordre colonial. Elle est pourtant l’aboutissement d’un processus central à l’établissement et au maintien de la domination coloniale : celui de la séparation d’un pouvoir de mort légitime, d’autres formes de violences meurtrières, illégitimes. Ce travail cherche à saisir les usages de la peine de mort, dans le contexte colonial de l’Afrique occidentale française entre 1900 et 1950. Nous proposons d’analyser la peine de mort comme un lieu du déploiement des fondamentaux de la politique coloniale. Les condamnations et les exécutions génèrent et font circuler des discours sur les comportements africains, créent des figures criminelles, voire ennemies, à éliminer. Ainsi, la mise en scène de la violence légitime, dans les tribunaux et aux pelotons d’exécutions, institue et rejoue sans cesse les divisions de pouvoirs, de statuts (sujet/citoyen), de races et des cultures si centrales à l’ordre colonial<br>The justice handed out in the French colonies of West Africa is not a by-product of French metropolitan justice. Oblivious to the separation of power, while being authoritarian and racialized, it is a distinctive way of organizing the right to punish and the right to kill. The death penalty has a scarce historiography in the French empire. It is also marginal in studies pertaining to colonial tools of power, law and order. Yet, it is the culmination of a process central to the establishment and maintenance of colonial domination: the separation between a legitimate right to kill and other types of illegitimate lethal violence. This dissertation explores the role played by the death penalty in the context of French West Africa between 1900 and 1950.The death penalty is analysed as a space where the fundamentals of colonial policies are deployed. Condemnation and executions generate and circulate colonial discourses about African behaviour, giving rise to criminal and enemy figures that ought to be eliminated. The staging of legitimate violence, within courts and by firing squads, continuously re-enacts divisions of power, of status (citizen/subject), of race and culture—the very pillars of the colonial order
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Bamba, Djeneba. "Intercultural communication between french-speaking and non-french-speaking employees at a west African embassy in Pretoria." 2015. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001840.
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M. Tech. Language Practice<br>This study seeks to investigate intercultural communication between employees at a French-speaking West African embassy in Pretoria. Thirty (30) research participants were selected by means of convenient and voluntary sampling techniques. The study followed a qualitative case study research approach, and used three instruments to collect its data: observation, recording and interviews. It analysed its data through conversational and content analyses. The findings of this study aimed to improve intercultural communication interaction between French and non-French-speaking employees in order to promote a friendlier intercultural environment.
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Turner, Dennise M. "Race, Culture, and French National Identity: North African, West African, and Antillean Communities in Paris, 1950-1990." 2017. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_diss/54.
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Examining the place of immigrants in French society between 1950 and 1990, this dissertation traces both official policies and public reactions toward immigration, and immigrant responses to their treatment. Increased negative perceptions of North Africans during the 1970s and 80s, and escalating acts of violence and discrimination against them, sparked a national debate on the compatibility of Islam with French identity. North Africans’ presence in France seemed to throw into question common notions of “Frenchness” because the practices that characterized Islamic culture differentiated Muslims from other ethnic and religious minorities. I investigated North African, West African, and Antillean immigrant communities in Paris through the intersection of race, religion, and culture in order to explore changing French attitudes toward ethnic minorities and their cultural identities. My dissertation focuses on how these communities were or were not accepted into the French “nation,” and what their integration or lack thereof said about conceptions of what it meant to be “French.” In addition to offering a study of the government’s role in establishing or modifying perceptions about French identity, I also evaluate race and culture from the perspective of the immigrants themselves. This project thus offers an analysis of immigrants of color and the discourses and policies of the institutions that helped define certain ethnic groups encoded as “racially other” as also culturally inassimilable. The dissertation argues that the state’s construction of racially distinct citizens and immigrant communities as different limited their access to the nation and their acceptance by the general public. In the 1980s, the growing popularity of extreme right political rhetoric glorifying the nation and its supposed heritage gave voice to racism and fears of losing a uniquely French culture. An implicit racial hierarchy prevented immigrant groups and ethnic minorities from fully integrating into the nation. At the same time, ethnic groups from North Africa, West Africa, and the Antilles worked to redefine “Frenchness” along more inclusive lines in order to minimize tensions and improve relations between these groups and those who seemed more unquestionably “French.”
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Leonard, Douglas. "Networks of Knowledge: Ethnology and Civilization in French North and West Africa, 1844-1961." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5421.
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<p><p>The second French colonial empire (1830-1962) challenged soldiers, scholars, and administrators to understand societies radically different from their own so as to govern them better. Overlooking the contributions of many of these colonial officials, most historians have located the genesis of the French social theory used to understand these differences in the hallowed halls of Parisian universities and research institutes. This dissertation instead argues that colonial experience and study drove metropolitan theory. Through a contextualized examination of the published and unpublished writings and correspondence of key thinkers who bridged the notional metropolitan-colonial divide, this dissertation reveals intellectual networks that produced knowledge of societies in North and West Africa and contemplated the nature of colonial rule. From General Louis Faidherbe in the 1840s to politician Jacques Soustelle and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu in the 1950s, a succession of soldiers and administrators engaged in dialogue with their symbiotic colonial sources to translate indigenous ideas for a metropolitan audience and humanize French rule in Africa. Developing ideas in part from a reading of native African written and oral sources, these particular colonial thinkers conceived of social structure and race in civilizational terms, placing peoples along a temporally-anchored developmental continuum that promised advancement along a unique pathway if nurtured by a properly adapted program of Western intervention. This perspective differed significantly from the theories proposed by social scientists such as Emile Durkheim, who described "primitivity" as a stage in a unilinear process of social evolution. French African political and social structures incorporated elements of this intellectual direction by the mid-twentieth century, culminating in the attempt by Jacques Soustelle to govern Algeria with the assistance of ethnological institutions. At the same time, Pierre Bourdieu built on French ethnological ideas in an empirically grounded and personally contingent alternative to the dominant structuralist sociological and anthropological perspective in France. </p><p><p>Approached as an interdisciplinary study, this dissertation considers colonial knowledge from a number of different angles. First, it is a history of French African ethnology viewed through a biographical and microhistorical lens. Thus, it reintroduces the variance in the methods and interpretations employed by individual scholars and administrators that was a very real part of both scientific investigation and colonial rule. Race, civilization, and progress were not absolutes; definitions and sometimes applications of these terms varied according to local and personal socio-cultural context. This study also considers the evolution of French social theory from a novel perspective, that of the amateur fieldworker in the colonies. Far from passive recipients of metropolitan thought, these men (and sometimes women) actively shaped metropolitan ideas on basic social structure and interaction as they emerged. In the French science de l'homme, intellectual innovation came not always from academics in stuffy rooms, but instead from direct interaction and dialogue with the subjects of study themselves.</p><br>Dissertation
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Huntington, Julie Anne. "Transcultural rhythms an exploration of rhythm, music and the drum in a selection of francophone novels from West Africa and the Caribbean /." Diss., 2005. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-04142005-161736/.
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Konate, Sié. "La litterature d'enfance et de jeunesse en Afrique noire francophone les cas du Burkina Faso, de la Cote d'Ivoire et du Senegal : l'impérialisme culturel a travers la production et la distribution du livre pour enfants /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32338900.html.
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Camara, Fatoumata. "Savoirs et pratiques autour de la tuberculose à Dakar, 1924-1969 : le destin d’une maladie sociale, du colonial au postcolonial." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25614.
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Alors que des stratégies ont été développées par les pouvoirs publiques qui officiaient à Dakar depuis les années 1920 pour contenir l’évolution de la tuberculose, maladie sociale alors identifiée comme constituant un obstacle aux projets socio-politiques et économique de la France en Afrique de l’ouest, cette maladie continuait en 2019, environ 40 ans après la décolonisation du Sénégal, à figurer parmi les préoccupations des autorités sanitaires de la ville. Se posent dès lors plusieurs questions: pourquoi, en dépit de l’existence d’un vaccin antituberculeux depuis les années 1920 et malgré la découverte de médicaments spécifiques au cours des années 1940-1950, la tuberculose continue de défier les plans mis en œuvre à Dakar pour contenir son évolution? Quels ont été les moyens mobilisés pour stopper son évolution? La lutte contre la tuberculose à Dakar impliquait-elle une action sur les facteurs qui favorisaient l’extension de la maladie? Serait-ce l’exécution des mesures antituberculeuses qui était défaillante?
L’hypothèse qui sous-tend cette thèse est que la lutte contre la tuberculose ne constituait pas une priorité pour les autorités sanitaires de Dakar mais aussi que l’inadéquation des différentes mesures préventives et curatives opposées à cette maladie explique les limites de l’action jusque-là entreprise et, par conséquent, sa persistance dans cette ville. À travers une évaluation de l’organisation et de l’exécution des différentes mesures qui ont été prises depuis 1924, ce travail de recherche tente de faire la lumière sur les facteurs explicatifs de la persistance de la tuberculose à Dakar jusqu’en 1969 et d’identifier des continuités, et pas seulement des ruptures, entre la période coloniale et nationale pour mieux saisir la place actuelle de la maladie infectieuse au pays. Ce travail envisage aussi de voir en référence à quels savoirs et à quelles pratiques ont été opérés les choix concernant les mesures à opposer à la tuberculose. Il cherche également à étudier les modalités d’exécution des différentes mesures arrêtées pour stopper le développement de cette maladie afin de saisir les distances entre les intentions et les gestes posés. Pour évaluer l’incidence des différents plans de lutte mis en œuvre contre la tuberculose à Dakar dans la durée choisie, une attention est enfin portée à leur réception ainsi que les attitudes qu’elles ont suscitées chez la population dakaroise.<br>While strategies had been developed by the public authorities that had been operating in Dakar since the 1920s to contain the spread of tuberculosis, a social disease then identified as an obstacle to France's socio-political and economic projects in Dakar and West Africa, in 2019, some 40 years after Senegal's decolonization, the disease continued to be a concern for the city's health authorities. This raises several questions: Why, despite the manufacture of an anti-tuberculosis vaccine since the 1920s and the discovery of specific drugs in the 1940s and 1950s, tuberculosis continues to defy the plans implemented in Dakar to contain its spread? What has been done to halt its spread? Did the fight against tuberculosis in Dakar also involve action on the factors that contributed to the spread of the disease? Was it the implementation of TB control measures that was failing? The hypothesis underlying this thesis is that the fight against tuberculosis was not a priority for Dakar health authorities, but also that the inadequacy of the various preventive and curative measures against this disease explains the limits of the action taken so far and, consequently, the persistence of tuberculosis in this city.
Through an evaluation of the organization and execution of the various measures taken since 1924, this thesis attempts to shed light on the factors explaining the persistence of tuberculosis in Dakar until 1969 and to identify continuities, and not only breaks, between the colonial and national periods in order to better understand the current place of the infectious disease in the country. It also envisages seeing with reference to what knowledge and practices were maked choices concerning measures to combat tuberculosis and seeks to study the modalities of implementation of the various measures adopted to halt the development of this disease in order to grasp distances between intentions and actions taken. In order to assess the impact of the various plans to combat tuberculosis in Dakar over the chosen period, attention is also paid to their reception and the attitudes that they have aroused among the population of Dakar.
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McLane, Margaret O. "Economic expansionism and the shape of empire French enterprise in West Africa, 1850-1914 /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28202686.html.
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Francis, David J. "Limits of Liberal Peace in West Africa: Civil War in Mali and French Military Intervention." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11019.
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The civil war in Mali and the perception of threat posed by Islamist Jihadists and Al-Qaeda-linked terrorists to international peace and security led to the French military intervention in January 2013 to end the terrorist take-over of Mali, prevent the collapse of the state and spread of insecurity and instability in the conflict-prone and fragile regions of West Africa and the Sahel as well as protect France’s strategic national interests. But what were the real reasons for France’s pre-emptive military intervention in Mali and what does the French and its allied UN, ECOWAS, African Union conflict stabilisation intervention say about donor-driven peacebuilding in Africa, often framed as Liberal peacebuilding intervention?<br>It will be published by Rienner later this year. David Francis said he would let us know when it is. - sm 05/01/2017
Emailed the publisher for permission 21/12/2016.
22/12/2016 - Lynne Rienner say they're not publishing this book!!! - emailed D Francis! - sm
© 2017 Publishers. Reproduced with permission from the publisher.<br>The full text may be made available after publication and on receipt of permission from the publisher.
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Cooper, Ann Clare. "Public health, the native medical service, and the colonial administration in French West Africa, 1900-1944." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2244.
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From 1900 to 1944, public health was a pillar of the French colonial project in French West Africa. African medical workers became the backbone of the Native Medical Service, which sought to “grow the race” (faire du noir) and popularize French cultural ideals while improving the general health of the African population and combating epidemic diseases. Through successive yellow fever and plague epidemics, the Medical Service honed a set of health measures that it utilized in epidemic outbreaks. These health measures remained largely unchanged throughout the period. The political environment and the reactions of African residents, especially residents of the Four Communes, to these anti-epidemic measures did change though. Intermittent popular resistance to health measures, along with persistent personnel shortages, budget constraints, the sparsely settled population, and the vast land area of West Africa conspired to make the goals of the Native Medical Service difficult to achieve.
An examination of the internal profile (personnel numbers, job descriptions, evaluations, organization and organizational changes, and policies) of the Native Medical Service from 1900 - 1944 demonstrates some of the aspects of how the ideology of French colonialism was at odds with itself and with colonial realities. The Native Medical Service was an arm of the colonial government in areas where it was weak, such as spreading French civilization and appreciation for French culture. Despite being used to compensate for some of the government’s shortcomings, the Native Medical Service experienced disjunctions between its goals and the means to achieve them that hindered its effectiveness.
The ideological core of French colonialism was built around the Civilizing Mission, development (la mise en valeur), and the myth of the indissolubility of Greater France. The widespread French belief in African inferiority and that the benefits of French imperial rule to the subject peoples outweighed the drawbacks both worked against the success of French goals in West Africa to spread their civilization, foster economic and human development, and form a lasting addition to France Outre-Mer.<br>text
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Bollettino, Maria Alessandra. "Slavery, war, and Britain's Atlantic empire : black soldiers, sailors, and rebels in the Seven Years' War." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-12-543.
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This work is a social and cultural history of the participation of enslaved and free Blacks in the Seven Years’ War in British America. It is, as well, an intellectual history of the impact of Blacks’ wartime actions upon conceptions of race, slavery, and imperial identity in the British Atlantic world. In addition to offering a fresh analysis of the significance of Britain’s arming of Blacks in the eighteenth century, it represents the first sustained inquiry into Blacks’ experience of this global conflict. It contends that, though their rhetoric might indicate otherwise, neither race nor enslaved status in practice prevented Britons from arming Blacks. In fact, Blacks played the most essential role in martial endeavors precisely where slavery was most fundamental to society. The exigencies of worldwide war transformed a local reliance upon black soldiers for the defense of particular colonies into an imperial dependence upon them for the security of Britain’s Atlantic empire. The events of the Seven Years’ War convinced many Britons that black soldiers were effective and even indispensable in the empire’s tropical colonies, but they also confirmed that not all Blacks could be trusted with arms. This work examines “Tacky’s revolt,” during which more than a thousand slaves exploited the wartime diffusion of Jamaica’s defensive forces to rebel, as a battle of the Seven Years’ War. The experience of insecurity and insurrection during the conflict caused some Britons to question the imperial value of the institution of slavery and to propose that Blacks be transformed from a source of vulnerability as slaves to the key to the empire’s strength in the southern Atlantic as free subjects. While martial service offered some Blacks a means to gain income, skills, a sense of satisfaction, autonomy, community, and even (though rarely) freedom, the majority of Blacks did not personally benefit from their contributions to the British war effort. Despite the pragmatic martial antislavery rhetoric that flourished postwar, in the end the British armed Blacks to perpetuate slavery, not to eradicate it, and an ever more regimented reliance upon black soldiers became a lasting legacy of the Seven Years’ War.<br>text
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Boretsky, JuliAnne. "To see is to know postcards from French West Africa and the presentation of colonial progress, 1900-1918 /." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/boretsky%5Fjulianne%5F200312%5Fma.
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Enyegue, Jean Luc. "The creation of the Jesuit Vice-Province of West Africa and the challenges of Africanization, 1946-1978." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30027.
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By investigating the foundation of the Jesuit Vice-Province of West Africa (VPAO), this dissertation analyzes how a global Roman Catholic men’s religious order adjusted to political and ecclesiastical changes in the wake of African independence movements, the Second Vatican Council, and the Generalate of Pedro Arrupe. Although the founding of the VPAO attempted to harmonize the work of the Jesuits in Africa with a renewed Jesuit global ethos, it stumbled over the meaning and application of Africanization, a stated priority for the Roman Catholic Church since the time of Pope Benedict XV.
This dissertation argues that prior to the creation of the Vice-Province, in 1973, Jesuits emphasized different aspects of Africanization in their two largest missions of Chad and Cameroon. French Jesuit Frédéric de Bélinay founded the Chad Mission. In the missionary context of establishing the Catholic Church in Chad, his successors Joseph du Bouchet, Paul Dalmais, Henri Véniat, and Charles Vandame adopted a “bottom-up” Africanization or vernacularization that included building churches, educating the masses, biblical and catechetical translations, and the production of grammars and religious art. The Jesuits de-Latinized the liturgy, Christianized the yondo (Chad’s initiation rite), and raised up lay personnel able to carry out the work of evangelization. They failed, however, to build a local clergy and Chadian leadership for the church.
In Cameroon, with its particular context of mission devolution and nation building, the Jesuits emphasized the “top-down” Africanization of leadership. They developed the field of African Studies, and trained a Cameroonian diocesan clergy and an elite generation of public servants. However, western Jesuit missionaries generally remained unwilling to cede leadership positions to their African colleagues.
The failure of European missionaries either to build a local clergy in Chad or to promote a Cameroonian leadership demonstrated an incomplete Africanization that carried over into the creation of the VPAO. The first Cameroonian Jesuits Eboussi Boulaga, Engelbert Mveng, Meinrad Hebga and Nicolas Ossama expressed great disappointment at the creation of the VPAO. They believed that the leadership and territorial map of the VPAO were symbolic of a neocolonial organization, and a setback to Africanization. Thus, the Cameroonian reception of the VPAO represented a local resistance to Jesuit globalism as defined by western ecclesial authorities.<br>2022-06-30T00:00:00Z
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Tijani, Hakeem Ibikunle. "Britain and the development of leftist ideology and organisations in West Africa: the Nigerian experience, 1945-1965." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2025.
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Although organised Marxist organisations did not emerge in Nigeria until the mid-1940s, leftist ideology had been prevalent among nationalist and labour leaders since the late 1920s. Both official documents and oral histories indicate deep-rooted support for leftism in Nigeria and anxiety among British colonial officials that this support threatened the Colonial Office's own timetable for gradual decolonisation. This study analyses the development of leftist ideology and attempts to establish a nationwide leftist organisation in colonial and post-independent Nigeria.
The role of the Zikist movement is retold in light of new evidence, while other leftist organisations are salvaged from the footnotes of Nigeria nationalist history. More importantly, the adaptability of Marxist-Leninist ideology to colonial reality by the different leftist groups in Nigeria is emphasized. The reaction of Anglo-American officials in Lagos and the metropolis towards the Communist Party of Great Britain and other leftist organisations' sponsorship of Marxist groups in Nigeria are discussed. Lastly, the continuity between the departing colonial power and the Balewa administration is addressed to juxtapose the linkage between the two governments. The study thus provides a lucid explanation for the failure of leftist ideology and organisations in Nigeria during the twentieth century.
In this eight-chapter thesis I consistently argue, based on official documents from England, Nigeria, and the United States, that the role of Marxists and Soviet Cold War interests in colonial territories are relevant to nationalism and decolonisation in Nigeria; that the issue is not to determine or measure whether or not Anglo-American policies are direct response to Soviet interests; that there are political, economic, and diplomatic policies carried out as part of the transfer of power process; and that the success of these is partly a result of collaboration with local subaltern leaders and official resolve to institutionalise imperial preferences before independence on October 1, 1960.<br>History<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (History)
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SHAMBA, MBUMBURWANZE N. "SOUS LE SPECTRE DU PÈRE: POÉTIQUE ET POLITIQUE DE LA DÉPENDANCE ET DU SEVRAGE DANS LE ROMAN POSTCOLONIAL AFRICAIN." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6579.
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This thesis analyzes the major theme of ‘postcolonial genealogy’ in portraying the African bending under the weight of colonial history in Le vieux nègre et la médaille, Une vie de boy of Ferdinand Oyono and Le Chercheur d’Afriques of Henri Lopes. Being a product of a colonial Genesis, the African character runs behind the colonizer’s mirror through his Civilizing Mission. René Girard’s ‘double bind’ theory explains how this cultural assimilation is, in Le vieux nègre et la médaille and Une vie de boy, a dead end because the colonizer needs a subordinate and not an equal. The cohabitation of a black housewife with the French Commander in Le Chercheur d’Afriques should be seen as simply an allegory of postcolonial Africa’s dependency on the West. The consequences of the feminization of the African continent are enormous in the post-colonial imaginary. While the colonizer had conquered Africa with his Herculean body, in Oyono’s novels, his Fall is obtained through the aesthetics of Bakhtinian ‘rabaissement’ which degrades his ‘grotesque body’ to that of the colonized. The colonizer and the colonized are neutralized and leveled in their perishable bodies, thus, making futile the Civilizing Mission that operated by ranking races. Power is never total. It is always imperfect, and can never destroy a subjectivity that resists it. In Oyono’s novels, the Fall of the colonial Father is also obtained through the inquisitive gaze that the colonized return back to the colonizer, and through their ‘subversive mimicry’ that parodies his codes. In Une vie de boy and Le Chercheur d’Afriques, the ‘son-Father’ relationship between the hero and the colonial Father, is also symbolic of the ‘Africa-West’ rapports. Living under the specter of the Father, the son has to negotiate his survival between weaning and parricide. The biological miscegenation in Le Chercheur d’Afriques is a metaphor of the ‘rhizome identity’ of the postcolonial African who renounces both the Fathers of Negritude and those of the Civilizing Mission.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, French) -- Queen's University, 2011-06-24 12:43:30.006