Academic literature on the topic 'West African Literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "West African Literature"
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Akinwumi Sesan, Azeez. "Literature, Global Terrorism, Politics and Media Literacy in Africa." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 16, no. 4 (December 2013): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2013.16.4.69.
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Three factors, specifically, slavery, Proselytization and Colonialism have influenced the history and politics of Africa. The tripartite relationship established among the three factors influences the historical development of African politics. Difference in worldview between the West and third world countries has increased the phenomenon of global terrorism. The paper examines how literary texts in Africa and by Africans have recorded and responded to the political history of the continent in relation with global democratic governance. African writers are therefore expected to project post colonial realities of global terrorism within the gamut of literature. On global terrorism, the paper raises the following questions: What constitutes terrorism and what is global terrorism in relation with media literacy? What are the strategies that can be put in place to check the menace of global terrorism? Terrorism is bifurcated into intra-continental and inter-continental types/forms with their peculiar implication for socio-political development in Africa. African writers should stop over-flogging colonial possession of Africa. They should rather focus on the social, national and continental history of Africa for sustainable democratic governance on the continent. The hermeneutics of social and political events as reflected in the African literary texts, African and global media texts shows that African political problems are multidimensional. Our intention in this paper is therefore to discuss Literature and African experience, media and media literacy, media practices and social responsibility theory as well as ( African) politics, Arab Spring and terrorism.
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Palmer, Eustace. "West African Literature in the 1980s." Matatu 10, no. 1 (April 26, 1993): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000007.
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Engmann, Rachel Ama Asaa. "(En)countering Orientalist Islamic Cultural Heritage Traditions: Theory, Discourse, and Praxis." Review of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (August 2017): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2017.97.
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West African Islamic cultural heritage is recurrently overlooked or marginalized in scholarly, museological, and popular imaginaries, despite contemporary burgeoning Western attentiveness to Islam. Historically, Orientalists and/or Islamicists exclude West Africa, and anthropologists study West African Islam due to its alleged lack of written Arabic andAjamitexts (Loimeier 2013; Saul 2006), despite textual and material evidence to the contrary. Existing literature on the material expressions of West African Islam, largely edited volumes and museum catalogues, direct attention to Islamic West Africa, rather than IslaminWest Africa, in other words, predominantly West African Muslim societies, and not those for whom Muslims comprise a minority (Adahl 1995; Insoll 2003; Roberts and Nooter Roberts 2003; for exceptions cf. Bravmann 1974, 1983, 2000). Analytically, the “Islamization of Africa” and “Africanization of Islam,” standard nomenclature customarily employed to describe the simultaneous processes at play in West African Islam (Loimier 2013), note the reciprocal relationship between Islam and pre-existing West African religious traditions shaped by local contexts, circumstances, subjectivities, and exigencies (Fisher 1973; Trimingham 1980). Accordingly, West African Islam's material manifestations labeled “inauthentic,” “syncretic,” “vernacular,” and “popular” are considered, inter alia, antithetical to “classical” Islam. Notwithstanding, so-called classical Islam represents the embodiment of a locally synthesized form that, over time and with repetition, has come to be conceptualized as “classical.” Yet, Islam has incorporated and translated an assortment of pre-existing ideals to adjust in ways viewed as neither regression, apostasy, plurality nor heterodoxy. And, West Africa proves no exception. Indubitably, West African Islamic cultural heritage is the heritage of the “‘Othered’ religion par excellence” (Preston-Blier 1993:148).
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Irabor, David Omoareghan. "Colorectal Carcinoma: Why Is There a Lower Incidence in Nigerians When Compared to Caucasians?" Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/675154.
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Carcinoma of the colon and rectum is the 2nd commonest cancer in the United States; the leading cancer being lung cancer. It has been estimated that 130,200 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed annually while 56,300 sufferers will die from the disease (Murphy et al., 2000). In developing countries especially West Africa, the rate has not yet reached such magnitude. This suggests that there may be factors either anthropomorphic or environmental which may be responsible for this. The paper acknowledges the reduced incidence of colorectal cancer in native West Africans living in Africa and endeavours to highlight the various factors that produce this observation in medical literature. A diligent search through available literature on the aetiology, epidemiology and comparative anthropology of colorectal cancer was done. Internet search using Pubmed, British library online and Google scholar was also utilized. The rarity of adenomatous polyposis syndromes in the native West African contributes to the reduced incidence of colorectal cancer. Cancer prevention and cancer-protective factors are deemed to lie in the starchy, high-fiber, spicy, peppery foodstuff low in animal protein which many West African nations consume.
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Harlin, Kate. ""One foot on the other side": Towards a Periodization of West African Spiritual Surrealism." College Literature 50, no. 2-3 (March 2023): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lit.2023.a902220.
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Abstract: For both writers and scholars of African and diaspora literature, genre is a fraught concept. Western institutions, especially departments of English literature, have used the tool of genre to discipline Africana literatures and the people who create them, at once reducing conventional realism to a source of anthropological information and mischaracterizing realism with an indigenous or Nonwestern worldview as fantasy or "Magical Realism." "West African spiritual surrealism," as defined in this essay, offers a generic rubric that both attends to the literalization of Igbo and Yoruba cosmology in fiction as well as the ways these cosmologies can give rise to literary devices that resist hegemonic, Anglo-American centric literary interpretation. Through close readings of Helen Oyeyemi's The Icarus Girl (2005) and Akwaeke Emezi's Freshwater (2018), this article historicizes West African spiritual surrealism as a geographically and ideologically diasporic genre that cannot be properly understood through frameworks of globalization alone. This genre and its writers require critics to read both deeply and widely in order to understand how West African spiritual surrealism places African cosmologies and people always already at the center of literary production.
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Ngom, Fallou. "Aḥmadu Bamba's Pedagogy and the Development of ʿAjamī Literature." African Studies Review 52, no. 1 (April 2009): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0156.
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Abstract:While African literature in European languages is well-studied, ʿajamī and its significance in the intellectual history of Africa remains one of the least investigated areas in African studies. Yet ʿajamī is one of the oldest and most widespread forms of literature in Africa. This article draws scholars' attention to this unmapped terrain of knowledge. First, it provides a survey of major West African ʿajamī literary traditions and examines the nexus between the pedagogy of Aḥmadu Bamba and the development of Wolofal (Wolof ʿajamī). Then, with reference to excerpts from Sëriñ Masoxna Ló's 1954 eulogy, it discusses the role of Wolofal in the diffusion of the Murīd ethos.
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Arens, Sarah, and Joseph Ford. "Introduction: Revisiting the Grotesque in Francophone African Literature." Irish Journal of French Studies 20, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7173/164913320830841656.
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The introduction provides an overview of the intellectual context for the thematic issue and outlines the complexities around the genesis of Achille Mbembe's 'Provisional Notes on the Postcolony' (1992). It examines how Mbembe's work ushered in a new era of discursive practices that sought to understand the role of the imagination in the operation of power in contemporary Africa and sketches how the articles of the thematic issue engage with the aesthetics of the grotesque that is a key element in the African political imagination. As a new group of populist leaders in the West exhibit traits that are reminiscent of Mbembe's articulation of the grotesque, the editors emphasise the need for an expanded vision of the grotesque as it circulates between Africa and the West as part of a far broader and deeply entrenched colonial matrix of power.
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Osinubi. "The African Atlantic: West African Literatures and Slavery Studies." Research in African Literatures 47, no. 1 (2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/reseafrilite.47.1.149.
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Dunbar, Roberta Ann. "West African Textiles." African Arts 19, no. 1 (November 1985): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336390.
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Dunbar, Roberta Ann, and Charlotte Vestal Brown. "West African Textiles." African Arts 19, no. 1 (November 1985): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336396.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "West African Literature"
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Adebayo, Adebanke. "West African Feminism| Maneuvering the Reality of Feminism Using Osun." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10682016.
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West African Women writers are constantly looking for ways to maneuver the patriarchal system within their indigenous cultures. To say maneuvering implies the dilemma in consciously navigating patriarchal epistemology as West African women, which in reality is not exotic to other feminist struggles outside the continent. To deal with the dilemma of constantly maneuvering, this thesis suggest for an indigenous framework. It suggests Osun –a Nigerian goddess– as a response to the theoretical problems and as a methodology to navigating a postcolonial patriarchal worldview in order to express West African feminist discourse. The specificity of Osun is essential, but the fluidity of Osun across borders cannot be undermined as it paves the way for flexibility within feminist and gender discourse and draws upon various gender oppressed experiences. The idea of specificity and fluidity is fundamental to developing Osun as West African feminist discourse because of her ability to transcend space. The combination of specificity and fluidity are necessary within any feminist discourse as it allows for women from different regions to relate and align the tenets to their specific struggles found in the diversity of Osun.
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Axiotou, Georgia. "Breaking the silence : West African authors and the Transatlantic slave trade." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3270.
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This thesis explores how Syl Cheney Coker’s The Last Harmattan of Alusine Dunbar (1990), Ama Ata Aidoo’s The Dilemma of a Ghost (1964), Ayi Kwei Armah’s Fragments (1970), and Buchi Emecheta’s The Slave Girl (1979) respond to the need to revisit and re-think the history of transatlantic slavery. The texts of these four contemporary West African authors provide symptomatic instantiations of the problematic of writing silence, and narrating a history whose archives are impossible to fully retrieve. By attending to the violence and silencing committed on the history of slavery, as well as the difficulty of writing, and narrating, history from the perspective of silence all the texts considered in this study perform acts of resistance against the forgetting enacted in and among their communities, and the silencing of colonial modernity, which has turned the history of transatlantic trade into a footnote. Although, all four authors come from different historical specificities and localities, and, thus, the ways they stage slavery in their narratives are informed by the local/historical urgencies they encounter in each contemporary political context, each, within their respective domain, provides powerful and influential examples of undoing historical silences and absences, not by imposing voices or presences, but by tracing the voids/gaps in the historical representation of slavery. The silent, but not silenced stories of the slave trade that these authors narrate in their attempts to speak to the history of slavery bring dis/order to the national and communal milieu, by unsettling a number of myths such as this of ethnic purity (Coker); of ideal “homes” for the diaspora (Aidoo); of national revolutions that putatively disrupt the colonial past (Armah); and of communal/national discourses that include the gendered racialised subaltern (Emecheta). These authors reveal the exclusionary practices of these myths, bearing witness to the fact that they proliferate at the expense of what they exclude. By bringing forth the excluded, the marginal, the “the othered” in place of the dominant, the central and “the same” they raise the impossible, and yet imperative, question of justice towards the “others”. The study intends to introduce the work of these authors to the current resurgence of interest on the literary trajectories of the Black Atlantic that tend to focus on the narratives of diasporic writers dwarfing the voices that speak form within the African continent. As I argue, close, symptomatic, readings of their texts through the lens of slavery attest to the fact that its spectral presence is intertwined in the cultural and communal fabric, and is used to comment and rethink issues such as questions of belonging and ethnicity, the quandaries associated with the neo-colonial condition, the role of the intellectual, violence and gender issues. Following the complexities raised by each text, my chapters explore a number of concepts such as “diaspora”, “ethnicity”, “trauma”, “memory”, “violence”, “the city”, “subaltern agency” and “the body” that invite cross-disciplinary links between post-colonial studies and a number of fields such as history, geography, feminism, psychoanalysis, philosophy and political theory. One of the ambitions of this study is that these initial forays into a largely unexplored field will lead to further research in African representations of the history of slavery; at the same time, its larger goal is to provide the stepping stone for trans-Atlantic dialogues between African and diasporic writers, who will re-think the history of the Atlantic from the perspective of its spectres, from the perspective of the footnoted.
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Carr-West, Jonathan. "Cultures in motion : the negotiation of identity in francophone West African fiction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269558.
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Carr, Rachel McKenzie. "But What Has Helga Crane to Do with the West Indies? Plantation Afterlives in the Black Atlantic." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/102.
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“But What Has Helga Crane to Do with the West Indies? Plantation Afterlives in the Black Atlantic” situates the emergence of the southern gothic in modernist American and Caribbean works as a response to the shifting cultural narrative of the plantation in the twentieth century. In this project, I argue that the plantation seeps out of its place and time to haunt landscapes it may never have touched and times in which slavery is long over. While the plantation system is broadly recognized as a literary, political, and cultural force in nineteenth-century literary studies, I conceive it is also a driving force of southern literature even after the physical plantations begin to fade.
In this project, I examine how literary portrayals of plantations flourish in the 1920s and 30s, from the writings of the Nashville Agrarians to the popularity of Gone with the Wind, arguing that this period represents a literary re-mythologizing of the plantation’s legacy as a benevolent and positive model for the south. A significant contribution of this dissertation is then in demonstrating how plantations are present in works that are not traditionally understood as plantation fiction, and that these works offer a resistance to this re-mythologizing through turning to the gothic: the transatlantic plantation gothic in Nella Larsen’s Quicksand and Jean Rhys’ Voyage in the Dark, the impact of environmental labor on the plantation gothic in Jean Toomer’s Cane and Eric Walrond’s Tropic Death, and finally, how plantation modernity affects portrayals of natural disasters in plantation territories in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God and M. NourbeSe Philip’s Zong!. Ultimately, this project contributes to the discussion of plantation modernity currently occurring in Southern Studies beyond the nineteenth century and into the modernist period, while also demonstrating how movements often construed as disparate in American literary studies, like the Harlem Renaissance and the Nashville Agrarians, were actually in close conversation.
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Brodnicka, Monika Luiza. "The ancient wor(l)d of knowledge invoking Amadou Hampaté Bâ's living tradition in West African tales of initiation, Sufi practice, and literature /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Kempen, Laura Charlotte. "Words of deliverance : the (re)constitution of the disenfranchised feminine subject in selected works of West African and Latin American women writers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6694.
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Addei, Cecilia. "Childhoods dis-ordered: Non-realist narrative modes in selected post-2000 West African war novels." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5447.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis study explores how selected West African war novels employ non-realist narrative modes to portray disruptions in the child’s development into adulthood. The novels considered are Chris Abani’s Song for Night (2007), Ahmadou Kourouma’s Allah is Not Obliged (2006), Uzodinma Iweala’s Beasts of No Nation (2005) and Delia Jarrett-Macauley’s Moses, Citizen and Me (2005). These novels strain at the conventions of realism as a consequence of the attempt to represent the disruptions in child development as a result of the upheavals of war. A core proposition of the study is to present why the authors in question are obliged to employ non-realist modes in representing disrupted childhoods that reflect the social and cultural disorder attendant upon war. The dissertation also asks pertinent questions regarding the ideological effect of these narrative strategies and the effect of the particular stylistic idiosyncrasies of each of the authors in figuring childhood in postcolonial Africa. The novels in question employ surrealism, the absurd, the grotesque and magical realism, in presenting the first person narratives of children in war situations, or the reflections of adult narrators on children affected by war. This study further analyses the ways the aesthetic modes employed by these authors underscore, in particular, children’s experiences of war. Through strategic use of specific literary techniques, these authors highlight questions of vulnerability, powerlessness and violence on children, as a group that has been victimised and co-opted into violence. The study further considers how these narrative transformations in the representations of children in novels, capture transformations in ideas about childhood in postcolonial Africa.
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Coleman, Arvis R. (Arvis Renette) 1961. "The West African Trickster Tradition and the Fiction of Charles W. Chesnutt." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277706/.
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Analyzing Chesnutt's fiction from the angle of the West African trickster tradition explains the varying interpretations of his texts and his authorial intentions. The discussion also illustrates the influence that audience and editorial concerns may have had on African-American authors at the turn of the century.
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Moahi, Refilwe M. "Women's Advancement in Francophone West Africa: A Comparison of Mali and Senegal." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/256.
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This research begins to explore what political tools are necessary to elevate women’s position in society by transforming legislation. Women in Francophone West Africa do not enjoy certain basic rights and there is need to improve their status. The promotion and appointment of women to the position of prime minister, Mame Madior Boyé in Senegal in 2001 and Mariam Kaidama Cissé Sidibé in Mali in 2011, gives us hope that women-friendly agendas will be given priority. I pose the question: Did the appointment of these two women to the heads of their respective governments improve the status of women and their political representation in West Africa? There is existing research that suggests that more women in government increases the visibility of women’s issues. I argue that simply having women in positions of power is not sufficient; participation in informal politics and civil society is imperative. These women have to go into the position with a commitment to women’s issues and a willingness to work with the already existent networks of women’s associations dedicated to furthering women’s rights. I study the successful passage of a new woman-friendly constitution in Senegal. In particular, I look at each participant’s role in making this happen, the associations who pushed for reforms for many years, the reformist president Wade, and Boyé who was a founding member of one of the central women’s associations, the Association of Senegalese Female Legal Practitioners. I compare this with the unsuccessful signing of new family code in Mali. I discuss the disinterest and indecisiveness of the president and Sidibé, as well as the influence of the strong opposition from the conservative High Islamic Council. There are also institutional barriers to change, namely the pluralist legal system of customary law, Islamic law, and state law. Finally, I discuss other possible reasons for the differences in these two countries’ results, such as Senegal’s longer history of democracy and general acceptance of modernity and women’s rights.
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Baxter, Marion. "An analysis of the structural use of music, song and dance in certain novels by West African writers in relation to concepts of time." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001825.
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The topic of this thesis is time in the West African novel in English and French, and the key approach is that West African time is readily grasped through a study of West African music. Though Western time is not exclusively or only linear, mechanical and exploitative, and African time not exclusively cyclic, synchronic and experiential, yet there is a characteristically African view of time and preferred modes of its employment in West African fiction. The novelists considered here wrote in European languages, yet each was a member of a specific cultural group and concerned to portray the aesthetics of his inheritance, an important aspect of which is the predominance of repetitive formulae, both in music and in oral literature. The Introduction offers an historical survey of some of the main notions of time that have been manifest in the West, and compares them with notions of African time. Chapter One examines the structural use of rhythm and repetition in the novels of Camara Laye. Chapter Two discusses the griot and other traditions of oral literature in the novels of Ayi Kwei Armah and Yambo Ouologuem, novels which are concerned with the griot 's continuing role in the creation and dissemination of historical perspective. Chapter Three analyses Chinua Achebe 's portrayal of the values of pre-colonial life in Igbo society where the role of music is to limit behaviour through the structures of ritual which thus create static/cyclic time. Chapter Four describes the syncretic art-form, 'highlife', as used by novelists such as Wole Soyinka, which, because it is transitory and always changing, underscores the ironies of modern city life. The thesis concludes that the authors discussed above are aware that music, because it is predominantly social in Africa, is a powerful medium for achieving a healing synthesis between the traditional past when communalistic values were binding, and the urban-orientated present with its insistence on individuation and material enrichment.
Books on the topic "West African Literature"
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John, Elerius Edet. Literature and development: The west African experience. Lagos: Paico Ltd., 1986.
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1968-, Newell Stephanie, ed. Writing African women: Gender, popular culture, and literature in West Africa. London: Zed Books, 1997.
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Gareth, Griffiths. African literatures in English: East and West. New York: Longman, 2000.
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Deandrea, Pietro. Fertile crossings: Metamorphoses of genre in anglophone West African literature. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2001.
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Murphy, Laura. Metaphors of the slave trade in West African literature. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "West African Literature"
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Adesanmi, Pius. "Arrested Nationalism, Imposed Transnationalism, and the African Literature Classroom: One Nigerian Writer’s Learning Curve." In West African Migrations, 247–61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137012005_10.
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Norridge, Zoe. "Women’s Pains and the Creation of Meaning in Francophone Narratives from West Africa." In Perceiving Pain in African Literature, 99–133. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137292056_4.
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Johnson, Michael K. "African American Literature and Culture and the American West." In A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West, 161–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444396591.ch11.
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Moore, Mera. "West, East, Africa: Richard Wright’s Native Son and Classic Movie Monsters." In Cross-Cultural Visions in African American Literature, 129–55. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119123_7.
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Hokkanen, Markku. "From Heroic Exploration to Careful Control: Mobility, Health, and Medicine in the British African Empire." In Medicine and Mobility in Nineteenth-Century British Literature, History, and Culture, 259–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17020-1_12.
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AbstractNineteenth-century explorers epitomised, in their public image, heroic, energetic, and enduring Victorian masculinity. The demands of mobility in challenging conditions and facing high risks to health were central to this image. This was particularly the case in tropical Africa. Among many mid- to late Victorians there was a common idea that keeping active and on the move in tropical conditions was healthy and that conversely immobility or slowness could be perilous. However, as the exploration of the African interior gave way to conquest and colonisation, ideas advocated for controlled, disciplined, and careful mobility gained ground. Although the image of the enduring, risk-taking mobile explorer persisted, it gradually gave way to depictions of more careful, controlled colonisers. Markku Hokkanen’s chapter analyses the changing relations between mobility, health and medicine in the contexts of British exploration and early settlement in tropical Africa in images, theories, and practices. Authors studied include David Livingstone, Horace Waller, and John Buchanan on South-Central Africa, and Mary Kingsley on West Africa.
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Mensah, Joseph, Joseph Kofi Teye, and Mary Boatemaa Setrana. "The Janus-Face of Contemporary Migration: Perspectives on West African Return Migration and Transnationalism with a Focus on Ghana and Senegal." In IMISCOE Research Series, 237–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_12.
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AbstractRecently, a burgeoning literature has emerged on the return experience of migrants, with some analysts touting the benefits of return to the socioeconomic development of countries of origin, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Still, only few studies have examined how return migrants create and sustain transnational connectivity with their countries of destination upon their return to the homeland, and fewer still have analyzed how these dynamics play out in the context of West African migrants. This primarily theoretical paper explores the interconnections between return migration and transnationalism among West African migrants, focusing on the case of Ghanaian and Senegalese migrants. The insistent premise of the paper posits that contemporary migration is essentially Janus-faced, in the sense that migrants are transnational in both their pre- and post-return periods. The paper addresses the following questions: (i) What are the perspectives of Northern countries and supra-national bodies, such as the EU, on return migration, and how do these perspectives compare with those of Southern countries, such as Ghana and Senegal? (ii) How do West African migrants view their own return migration, and to what extent are their emic perspectives different from those of Northern governments and their government in the homeland? (iii) How do West African returnees—specifically, Ghanaian and Senegalese returnees—use their transitional connectivities to facilitate their resettlement and reintegration in the homeland upon their return? Clearly, return migration elicits a number of important questions, into which this Chapter stands to provide useful preliminary prescience in the context of Ghanaian and Senegalese migrants.
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Onukogu, Chioma Joyce. "Conceptualising Second Generation Immigrants in South Africa: The Experiences of Nigerian Second Generation Immigrants." In IMISCOE Research Series, 153–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92114-9_11.
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AbstractMigration research emanating from the west and the global south about immigrant children has often concentrated on “migrant or refugee children.” Little attention is being paid to second generation immigrant children, who in most cases, have different migration trajectory. This chapter observes the gap in literature and presents a conceptualisation of second-generation from a South African perspective. Drawing on evidence from a qualitative study of 10 Nigerian second generation immigrant children in Johannesburg, South Africa, the chapter presents an understanding of a South African second generation immigrants. Place of birth, age at migration and parent’s immigration status at the time of birth are found to be factors that separate 1 s generation from another.
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Sambo, Pamela Towela. "An African Legal, Cultural and Religious Perspective of Sustainable Soil Governance." In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2022, 305–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40609-6_13.
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AbstractThis chapter adopts a desktop review of diverse literature to understand the legal, cultural and religious underpinning of sustainable soil governance in Africa. The role of traditional knowledge systems in achieving sustainable soil governance in Africa will also be evaluated. The African Union recognises five geographic regions on the continent namely, North, South, West, East and Central. A sixth region consisting of people of African descent living outside the continent is also categorized but it is not materially relevant for the present analysis. The countries highlighted in this chapter are only used representatively of the entire continent to the extent possible. Africa is a large continent with diverse traditions, cultures and religions upon which the legal systems responsible for natural resources and environmental protection are anchored. It is therefore impossible to discuss any issue pertinent to the continent with homogeneity. Africa is no doubt one of the most resource-abundant continents. Natural resources such as gold, diamond, oil, natural gas, copper, uranium, among others are mined in different parts of the continent. Almost every country in Africa has a deposit of natural resources because the continent is endowed with about 97% of the world’s chromium, 90% of the world’s cobalt, 85% of the word’s platinum, 70% of the world’s cocoa, and 60% of the world’s coffee. Despite this abundance of natural resources, Africa is also among the poorest continents. One of the factors that has led to the continent’s extreme poverty levels is that the extraction of land or soil based natural resources is minimally utilised to the benefit of the African countries themselves. The process of natural resources extraction causes immense damage primarily to land and soil as well as the general environment. Against this background, this chapter assesses how culture, traditional norms and religion have shaped sustainable soil governance in Africa.
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Ameka, Felix K. "Chapter 6. Conceptions of the make-up of a human person in Ewe." In Culture and Language Use, 136–76. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clu.23.06ame.
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Humans everywhere construct ethnopsychological models of a person which involves a physical body and non-physical aspects. There is variation in how the non-physical parts of a person are construed. Invariably, it is assumed that this other part is “invisible inside” (Goddard, 2018, p. 168; Levisen, 2017; Peeters, 2019a). The question of what the components of a human person in African culture(s) are has been discussed, and debated in the literature (see e.g., Cotzee & Roux, 2004). In this paper, I examine the conceptual model of a person in Ewe communities of practice in West Africa through the prism of language and the meanings of the terms for the ethnopsychological constructs of a person.
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Garba, Faisal, and Thomas Yeboah. "Free Movement and Regional Integration in the ECOWAS Sub-Region." In IMISCOE Research Series, 19–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_2.
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AbstractThis chapter situates attempts at promoting free movement of persons and regional integration in West Africa in a historical perspective. Employing a combination of historical policy research, critical literature review, and an analysis of secondary data, the chapter provides a chronology of the development of the Economic Community of West African States’ (ECOWAS) Protocol on Free Movement. This is done within the context of how the implementation of the Protocol facilitate human mobility and regional integration. The chapter pays attention to how the provision of the Protocol enables citizens of the West African region to take advantage of the opportunities in member states, and further explores some of the major challenges in the implementation of the Protocol. The chapter shows that the protocol on free movement allows ECOWAS citizens to continue to travel without visas within the region. Free movement of persons in the region has yielded great economic benefits in terms of boosting intra-regional trade, supporting the livelihoods of Community citizens and increasing remittance flows within the region. Nevertheless, there are still challenges associated with extortion and harassment of migrants at border crossings, and a lack of coherence between the member state national laws and the ECOWAS Protocols has meant that protocol is yet to be fully realised. The chapter also presents analysis of the prospects of recent attempts at strengthening the protocol such as the proposal to lift the provision/restriction that allows/limits member states’ citizens to enter and stay for maximum of 90 days and the proposal for the establishment of a common social security across the region.
Conference papers on the topic "West African Literature"
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Murashko, V. V., and D. A. Krivenko. "Range reconstruction of the genus Cicer L. (Leguminosae)." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-26.
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Based on herbarium and literature data, chorological maps were produced for 47 species of the genus Cicer, this made it possible to clarify the natural boundaries of the species and genus ranges. The species richness map was produced using the method of grid mapping. It identified five geographically isolated areas of modern species diversity: North African, Anatolian-Mediterranean, East African, East of West Asian, Central Asian. Phytogeographic measures are given for each cluster, such as area occupied, total number of species and number of endemics. It was established that the hotspot of modern species diversity of genus Cicer is the mountains of Central Asia, and the maximum concentration area of species is the Pamir-Alai mountain system.
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Onyewuchi, Francis A., Michael A. Adewusi, Peter Okebukola, Tokunbo Odekeye, Olasunkanmi Gbeleyi, and Fred Awaah. "Breaking the Backbone of Difficult Concepts in the New Secondary School Physics Curriculum in Africa." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28n3p7.
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The new senior secondary school physics curriculum for Anglophone West African countries came into use in 2015. Since the beginning of its implementation, even though, the performance of the candidates has not been high, yet reported empirical studies on the difficulty level of the content, and specifically the topics or concepts have been scant. Moreover, there have never been any published studies which conducted an in-depth probe into the aspects of the topics students find difficult in physics and science in general, beyond mere cataloguing of such topics, nor have there been any, in which students were qualitatively engaged in making inputs towards the amelioration of the topic difficulty. This is a huge gap in literature which this study determined to fill. The effort is significant to the extent that understanding the areas of difficulties of the topics as perceived by the students is good pointer towards remedy by teachers and stakeholders. The study therefore undertook five missions: (a) to find out the topics in the new physics curriculum that secondary school students find difficult (b) undertake in-depth probe of the specific aspects of the topics for which students have learning difficulty. (c) probe the possible causes of or factors responsible for these difficulties (d) determine if school location, school ownership and students’ gender have impacts on students’ perception of physics topics difficulty; and (e) deriving from students’ views, suggest how physics can be made easy to learn. A sample of 1,105 students was drawn from 21 secondary schools in Nigeria and Ghana. These schools comprised 12 private and nine public schools randomly selected from rural and urban areas. 75% of the schools were urban while about 25% were rural. Randomly selected 10 students and five teachers were interviewed for qualitative data, while all the participants were involved in responding to the questionnaire. From data gathered, five top most difficult topics were refractive index, electromagnetism, radioactivity, curved lenses and sound: production, propagation and modulation. Rich qualitative data unique for this study, was reported. There was marked difference between urban and rural, private and public, but not in gender. Recommendations were made for better teaching and meaningful learning. Keywords: Backbone of difficult topics; meaningful learning of physics
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Wallstén, David, Gregory Axton, Anna Bakidou, Eunji Lee, Bengt Arne Sjöqvist, and Stefan Candefjord. "'Design for integrating explainable AI for dynamic risk prediction in prehospital IT systems." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004199.
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Demographic changes in the West with an increasingly elderly population puts stress on current healthcare systems. New technologies are necessary to secure patient safety. AI development shows great promise in improving care, but the question of how necessary it is to be able to explain AI results and how to do it remains to be evaluated in future research. This study designed a prototype of eXplainable AI (XAI) in a prehospital IT system, based on an AI model for risk prediction of severe trauma to be used by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians. The design was then evaluated on seven EMS clinicians to gather information about usability and AI interaction.Through ethnography, expert interviews and literature review, knowledge was gathered for the design. Then several ideas developed through stages of prototyping were verified by experts in prehospital healthcare. Finally, a high-fidelity prototype was evaluated by the EMS clinicians. The primary design was based around a tablet, the most common hardware for ambulances. Two input pages were included, with the AI interface working as both an indicator at the top of the interface and a more detailed overlay. The overlay could be accessed at any time while interacting with the system. It included the current risk prediction, based on the colour codes of the South African Triage Scale (SATS), as well as a recommendation based on guidelines. That was followed by two rows of predictors, for or against a serious condition. These were ordered from left to right, depending on importance. Beneath this, the most important missing variables were accessible, allowing for quick input.The EMS clinicians thought that XAI was necessary for them to trust the prediction. They make the final decision, and if they can’t base it on specific parameters, they feel they can’t make a proper judgement. In addition, both rows of predictors and missing variables served as reminders of what they might have missed in patient assessment, as stated by the EMS clinicians to be a common issue. If given a prediction from the AI that was different from their own, it might cause them to think more about their decision, moving it away from the normally relatively automatic process and likely reducing the risk of bias.While focused on trauma, the overall design was created to be able to include other AI models as well. Current models for risk prediction in ambulances have so far not seen a big benefit of using artificial neural networks (ANN) compared to more transparent models. This study can help guide the future development of AI for prehospital healthcare and give insights into the potential benefits and implications of its implementation.
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Reddy, Reddem Jalaja, Mrinmoy Roy, T. Giri Teja, and Dr R. Sarala. "Assessing Health Care Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Preparedness Towards Monkeypox." In 4th International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2022.1013.
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During the covid-19 pandemic, many people don’t know the causes, effects, and modes of transmission of the new virus, and the entire world is in a panic state. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), monkeypox is currently on the rise and has spread to Africa. An orthopoxviral based zoonotic illness known as monkeypox causes a smallpox-like vesicular pustular illness in humans. The evolution of monkeypox, epidemiology, with a focus on the number of confirmed, likely, and/or potential cases, age at presentation, mortality, and geographic distribution of cases across West and Central Africa, has been discovered through systematic analysis of the research and published literature. Healthcare practitioners worldwide are attempting to become familiar with the varied clinical manifestations and therapy for this infection, and public health organizations are also seeking to contain the current outbreak. Keywords: Monkeypox; epidemiology; pandemic; preparedness; mortality
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Keprate, Arvind, and R. M. Chandima Ratnayake. "Riser Concept Selection for FPSO in Deepwater Norwegian Sea: A Case Study." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78344.
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Selecting a riser concept for FPSOs stationed in deep water has posed challenges, due to the high hydrostatic pressure and large vessel payload. One of the major factors governing the riser concept selection for deepwater FPSOs is the geographical location and weather conditions prevalent in the region. For example, the free hanging flexible riser has been mostly used in the moderate environments of offshore Brazil, while concepts like the SCR and Hybrid Riser Tower (HRT) are dominant in the calm weather conditions of the West of Africa (WoA). Selecting a riser concept for an FPSO stationed in harsh weather conditions like those of the Northern Norwegian Sea is a daunting task. This is due to the large vessel offsets and dynamics, which are directly transferred along the riser’s length to its base, thereby causing considerable fatigue damage to the riser. The main aim of this paper is to recommend a suitable riser concept, which may be hooked to an internal turret moored FPSO stationed in water of 1500m depth and in the harsh environmental conditions of the Northern Norwegian Sea. The recommendations are based on the literature review and the case study performed in the manuscript. On the basis of the literature review, a lazy wave configuration of flexible riser and Steel Lazy Wave Riser (SLWR) has been considered as a viable riser concept. Thereafter, a case study is performed to compare the two riser concepts, on the basis of vessel payload, fabrication cost and installation cost.
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Seal, H., G. Alborzi, and M. Watson. "Detailed Modelling of Displacement and Hot Oiling of a Waxy Non-Newtonian Fluid in a Mature West Africa Deep Water Production Facility." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35250-ms.
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Abstract This study investigates the feasibility of a changeover of displacement and hot oiling fluid from diesel to dead crude in a mature West Africa deep-water production facility from a flow assurance perspective. It addresses the practical challenges associated with the dead crude displacement and hot oiling procedures as well as the technical challenges of transient modelling of a waxy non-Newtonian fluid through both insulated and uninsulated piping. Modelling was performed using commercial software packages to simulate the existing diesel displacement and hot oiling procedures and to tune the model of the system to data from the field. The non-Newtonian behavior and wax precipitation and deposition properties of the dead crude were then characterized and tuned based on laboratory rheology and flowloop testing. Cases of dead crude treated with different levels of wax inhibitor were also considered. Multiple cycles of displacement and hot oiling were then modelled to evaluate the wax buildup over time and the ability of topside pumps to provide sufficient flowrate to displace production fluid. Modelling in commercial software packages was performed in parallel with modelling of the system using correlations found in literature. The modelling of uninhibited dead crude showed strong non-Newtonian behavior when under flow through pipe without insulation as the fluid rapidly cooled below the wax appearance temperature. The uninhibited fluid also showed gelling behavior when cooling down from hot oiling, and was therefore not considered a feasible option. Crude dosed with a wax inhibitor showed a reduced pour point and viscosity, which also reduced gelling effects. The fluid was able to be circulated by the pumps at a sufficient flowrate to remove production fluid from the pipe but also exhibited significant wax deposition due to rapid temperature changes when entering uninsulated pipe. The resulting wax deposit poses the risk of interfering with pipe integrity assessment. Further work is now ongoing to identify more effective wax inhibitors and alternative methods of assessing pipeline integrity. This study offers further insights into wax deposition and non-Newtonian fluid modelling in both insulated and uninsulated flowlines as well as the effectiveness of modelling non-Newtonian frictional pressure drop and wax deposition in parallel with commercial software packages to develop more effective models.
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Coca Suaznabar, Paola Adriana, Kazuo Miura, and Celso Kazuyuki Morooka. "Verifying Production Losses due to Petroleum Flow Improving Well Intervention and Design." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54820.
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The purpose of this research is to identify in the literature: causes, factors, case study descriptions and adopted solutions for production losses regarding the petroleum flow in offshore oil wells. Those facts will be organized and structured to identify potential zones of intervention for planning the well maintenance during well design phase to avoid production losses. This paper focuses on four offshore regions: Campos Basin, Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, and West Africa. These regions represent the most significant share of offshore oil production in the world. Data set available in the last thirty five years through academic, technical and governmental reports in the literature were the basis of this study. The procedure was accomplished in three steps: (1) data research (2) analysis of the data (3) guidelines establishment. The main cause of production loss regarding the petroleum flow is the solids deposition in the well/line system, such as hydrates, asphaltenes, wax, scales (barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and naturally occurrence radioactive material), and calcium naphthenates. In this work the superposition of graphics (hydrate curve, wax appearance temperature, asphaltene onset pressure, and saturation index) resulted in a region free of solids deposition, denominated as “flow assurance envelope”. The main expected result is to propose a guideline to be used during the well design phase in order to minimize and facilitate the well intervention. The main contributions of this paper to the oil industry are the identification of potential zones of intervention due to solids deposition in the well/line system, the foresight of well intervention before the beginning of the oilfield production, and finally, possibilities to improve the well or intervention design.
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Campbell, Scott, Ricardo Bueno, Sinasi Eren, and Malik Faisal Abdullah. "Salt Drilling: The State of the Art." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21165-ms.
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Abstract Drilling though salt is not a new challenge in the petroleum industry, with successful exploration and appraisal wells in salt environments paving the way for complex field developments. A detailed summary of how these advancements have subsequently evolved into the technology and methods being used today is presented. The numerous challenges, and the resulting solutions, of drilling in salt environments are well documented; a comprehensive review of the relevant published industry literature has been conducted. Additionally, workshops with several major service vendors have been held to ascertain the current status of research and new product development. These two areas form the foundation of this work and have been weaved together and presented to establish what is the state of the art in salt drilling. Since the first salt wells were drilled, the drilling industry has changed considerably. Significant advancements in salt drilling technologies and methods have been made in areas such as: best drilling practices, salt formation geomechanics, salt formation geochemistry, drilling fluids, well cementing, directional drilling, drill string and drill bit design. These advancements have all been clearly delineated in a chronology of continuous improvement, compounded by the considerable weight of industry experience and lessons learned which has in turn led to optimisation, and increased efficiency, of salt drilling operations. Today, salt drilling is prevalent in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water offshore Brazil, and deep-water West Africa, where the boundaries are continually pushed due to the perseverance of both petroleum operating companies and service vendors. The existing body of literature on salt wells is large and covers many disciplines of the upstream business, from wildcat exploration through to production. However, this focus is solely on drilling, combining and summarising many years’ worth of experience, learning, research, and development, to present what is the state of the art in salt drilling.
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Bocci, Martina. "Is there a future for marginal communities?" In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15218.
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In relatively marginal and isolated settings, changes in socio-cultural contexts and population reduction have contributed to the decay, abandonment and gradual disappearance of traditional ways of living and vernacular heritage. Associations and foundations often play a key mediating and facilitating role in countering these phenomena, supporting the survival of local communities and tangible and intangible expressions of heritage.In the context of the seminar cycle “Rehabilitation of traditional heritage and local development”, ten international case studies of unconventional practices of community-rooted rehabilitation from North and West Africa, South-East Asia, Latin America, and Southern Europe were selected.The cases were analysed through a multi-criteria approach to interpret common features and links in three dimensions: 1) organization and structure of associations and foundations; 2) technical methodology of recovery interventions, emphasizing the mobilization and transmission of traditional knowledge and skills; 3) generative potential for self-sustaining initiatives and community empowerment. Qualitative and quantitative data have been gathered based on a literature review of publications and reports, international seminars, meetings, and semi-structured interviews.The results highlighted the strong relationship between the external actors' success in rooty themselves in the local context and the empowerment of communities as well as the settling of their practices over time. The greatest opportunities for economic and cultural development are those in which a holistic vision in the care of the community and its cultural landscape was adopted. The reinforcement of the role of local craftspeople and inhabitants also proved to be crucial.The study showed that caring for a living heritage and its community implies a sensitivity for the past but also an updating and a creative reinterpretation of heritage in response to present and future demands.
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Morooka, Celso K., and Maria Deolinda B. M. de Carvalho. "Evaluation of Alternatives for Offshore Petroleum Production System in Deep and Ultradeep Water Depth." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49978.
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Different equipments combined compose an offshore petroleum production system. Several development alternatives are available for a given offshore petroleum field. The selection of the most suitable system for a given scenario depends on field development characteristics and strategies such as its geographical location, water depth, environmental conditions and knowledge about similar systems already selected and in use for oil and gas production and available infrastructure in around. For the purpose of field production system design a database with types of production platforms, mooring systems, subsea equipments, reservoir main characteristics, type of wells and lifting processes is fundamental. Today, offshore petroleum reservoir production is more and more complex due to several variables involved and requirement needed to meet deep and ultra deep water depth, pre-salt petroleum with aggressive fluid characteristics, fields in remote areas and other environmental issues. Large fields in deep and ultra deep water are particularly challenging due to little availability of suitable platform types, among known concepts such as floating, production, storage and offloading unit (FPSO), semisubmersible, spar and tension leg platform (TLP). In the present paper, a database for worldwide offshore petroleum systems in use has been elaborated by searching data available in the literature. The database is organized for more than three hundred platforms distributed on more than four hundred different offshore oil fields. To serve as a basis for the conceptual design of a field production system, this database contains information such as type of the platform, field location, water depth, days for the first production, type of well, completion, mooring system, riser and offloading system. This information is structured for different water depth and environmental condition, for each field. From this database, analysis has been conducted for distribution of each type of platform by worldwide region, distribution of each type of platform by the offshore field by region, among others analysis. Concept of Utility Functions are applied to represent technological trends and to be helpful in the process. Among the results, a preference for FPSOs and semisubmersible was observed in Brazil offshore, semisubmersible, TLPs and Spars in Gulf of Mexico. In Europe, particularly the North Sea, FPSO, semisubmersible, and few TLPs have been found. In West Africa, most of the field production is based on FPSOs, although some semisubmersible and TLP could be observed. Similar analyses were conducted in other regions. Results and discussions show preferences regarding technology selected by each region, region historical data, and growth of water depth in different fields.
Reports on the topic "West African Literature"
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Tarif, Kheira. Climate Change and Violent Conflict in West Africa: Assessing the Evidence. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/vhiy5372.
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West Africa is widely cited as a hotspot of climate change and insecurity. This SIPRI Insights uses a systematic literature review of academic research to build a better understanding of the relationship between climate change and violent conflict in the region. Its findings are structured around four established ‘pathways’ of climate insecurity: (a) worsening livelihood conditions; (b) increasing migration and changing pastoral mobility patterns; (c) tactical considerations by armed groups; and (d) elite exploitation of local grievances. The literature review highlights a number of important variables in the relationship between climate change and violent conflict in West Africa: maladaptation to livelihood insecurity; migration away from climate-exposed areas; escalating farmer–herder conflicts; and sometimes weak, sometimes divisive, sometimes exploitative governance. Despite these findings, the literature review reveals current research and policy discussions on climate change and violent conflict in West Africa are informed by a very limited amount of academic research.
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Niang, Aminata, Lansine Sountoura, Kaderi Bukari, Imogen Bellwood-Howard, and Peter Taylor. Collaborative Art-Making for Deliberation in Africa. Institute of Development Studies, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.036.
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Across West Africa and East Africa, policy actors and citizens have tended to discuss socio-environmental issues in ways that recognise emotional, subjective viewpoints, but can be antagonistic. Although deliberation literature suggests that collaborative arts-based activities can encourage consideration of affective dimensions, their major value in these emotive, hierarchical and antagonistic contexts is to promote more convivial working relationships.
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Breiman, Adina, Jan Dvorak, Abraham Korol, and Eduard Akhunov. Population Genomics and Association Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes in Israeli Populations of Wild Relatives of Wheat, Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops speltoides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697121.bard.
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Wheat is the most widely grown crop on earth, together with rice it is second to maize in total global tonnage. One of the emerging threats to wheat is stripe (yellow) rust, especially in North Africa, West and Central Asia and North America. The most efficient way to control plant diseases is to introduce disease resistant genes. However, the pathogens can overcome rapidly the effectiveness of these genes when they are wildly used. Therefore, there is a constant need to find new resistance genes to replace the non-effective genes. The resistance gene pool in the cultivated wheat is depleted and there is a need to find new genes in the wild relative of wheat. Wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides) the progenitor of the cultivated wheat can serve as valuable gene pool for breeding for disease resistance. Transferring of novel genes into elite cultivars is highly facilitated by the availability of information of their chromosomal location. Therefore, our goals in this study was to find stripe rust resistant and susceptible genotypes in Israeli T. dicoccoides population, genotype them using state of the art genotyping methods and to find association between genetic markers and stripe rust resistance. We have screened 129 accessions from our collection of wild emmer wheat for resistance to three isolates of stripe rust. About 30% of the accessions were resistant to one or more isolates, 50% susceptible, and the rest displayed intermediate response. The accessions were genotyped with Illumina'sInfinium assay which consists of 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. About 13% (1179) of the SNPs were polymorphic in the wild emmer population. Cluster analysis based on SNP diversity has shown that there are two main groups in the wild population. A big cluster probably belongs to the Horanum ssp. and a small cluster of the Judaicum ssp. In order to avoid population structure bias, the Judaicum spp. was removed from the association analysis. In the remaining group of genotypes, linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured along the chromosomes decayed rapidly within one centimorgan. This is the first time when such analysis is conducted on a genome wide level in wild emmer. Such a rapid decay in LD level, quite unexpected for a selfer, was not observed in cultivated wheat collection. It indicates that wild emmer populations are highly suitable for association studies yielding a better resolution than association studies in cultivated wheat or genetic mapping in bi-parental populations. Significant association was found between an SNP marker located in the distal region of chromosome arm 1BL and resistance to one of the isolates. This region is not known in the literature to bear a stripe rust resistance gene. Therefore, there may be a new stripe rust resistance gene in this locus. With the current fast increase of wheat genome sequence data, genome wide association analysis becomes a feasible task and efficient strategy for searching novel genes in wild emmer wheat. In this study, we have shown that the wild emmer gene pool is a valuable source for new stripe rust resistance genes that can protect the cultivated wheat.
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What are the main barriers and facilitating factors associated with intergenerational communication on sexual and reproductive health in Niger and Côte d’Ivoire? Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1029.
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When parents communicate with their youth on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues, they have a greater influence on youth SRH behaviors. But parents’ lack of knowledge of SRH, low self-efficacy in engaging young people, and unfavorable social norms about communication and youth access to SRH information are barriers to open intergenerational communication. Breakthrough RESEARCH conducted a qualitative study in Niger and Côte d’Ivoire to better understand the specific barriers to intergenerational communication about SRH, and ways in which adult allies can be supported to engage young people and encourage them to lead a healthy life. This research contributes to a nascent body of literature that is specific to the context of francophone West African countries, which have among the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy in the world.
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Quels sont les principaux obstacles et facteurs de facilitation associés à la communication intergénérationnelle sur la SSR au Niger et en Côte d’Ivoire? Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1030.
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When parents communicate with their youth on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues, they have a greater influence on youth SRH behaviors. But parents’ lack of knowledge of SRH, low self-efficacy in engaging young people, and unfavorable social norms about communication and youth access to SRH information are barriers to open intergenerational communication. Breakthrough RESEARCH conducted a qualitative study in Niger and Côte d’Ivoire to better understand the specific barriers to intergenerational communication about SRH, and ways in which adult allies can be supported to engage young people and encourage them to lead a healthy life. This research contributes to a nascent body of literature that is specific to the context of francophone West African countries, which have among the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy in the world.
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Compendium: Community-based Armed Groups in Sub-Saharan Africa: RESOLVE Network Research 2018-2022. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.5.
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This compendium brings together the collected work of RESOLVE’s 2018–2022 Community-Based Armed Groups Research Initiative. Launched in partnership with the U.S. Agency for International Development Africa Bureau, this research initiative sought to fill a gap in the literature on community-based armed groups in sub-Saharan Africa—often key actors in conflict-affected and fragile contexts, but highly localized and not well-understood. The papers in this volume are presented in a series of phases corresponding to the development of the research. Phase One involved mapping the existing literature to establish a common definition and typology of these groups, as well as options for engaging with them. Phase Two deepened these understandings through a series of case studies in West Africa. Phase Three added a sub-focus to this research initiative by mapping the available literature on women in community-based armed groups, and Phase Four built upon that knowledge with a series of case studies in East and West Africa. Finally, Phase Five featured a set of case studies in Nigeria and Somalia on disengagement from violent extremist organizations, drawing on the personal experiences of former members to map their journeys into and out of these groups, providing a model for understanding disengagement and reintegration more broadly. Taken together, these publications lay the foundation for improved understanding of and responses to community-based armed groups in sub-Saharan Africa, and provide clear avenues for future research.
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COMPENDIUM: Community-based Armed Groups in Sub-Saharan Africa: RESOLVE Network Research 2018-2022. RESOLVE Network, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2023.1.
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This compendium brings together the collected work of RESOLVE’s 2018–2022 Community-Based Armed Groups Research Initiative. Launched in partnership with the U.S. Agency for International Development Africa Bureau, this research initiative sought to fill a gap in the literature on community-based armed groups in sub-Saharan Africa—often key actors in conflict-affected and fragile contexts, but highly localized and not well-understood. The papers in this volume are presented in a series of phases corresponding to the development of the research. Phase One involved mapping the existing literature to establish a common definition and typology of these groups, as well as options for engaging with them. Phase Two deepened these understandings through a series of case studies in West Africa. Phase Three added a sub-focus to this research initiative by mapping the available literature on women in community-based armed groups, and Phase Four built upon that knowledge with a series of case studies in East and West Africa. Finally, Phase Five featured a set of case studies in Nigeria and Somalia on disengagement from violent extremist organizations, drawing on the personal experiences of former members to map their journeys into and out of these groups, providing a model for understanding disengagement and reintegration more broadly. Taken together, these publications lay the foundation for improved understanding of and responses to community-based armed groups in sub-Saharan Africa, and provide clear avenues for future research.
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Breakthrough RESEARCH—Social and Behavior Change Costing Community of Practice Series Brief #2: Understanding the costs of SBC social media interventions. Population Council, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1088.
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While the use of social media for social and behavior change (SBC) has grown, there is limited evidence on the costs of these types of interventions. In a recent literature review, no peer reviewed studies on the costs of SBC via social media interventions in low- and middle-income countries were identified. To help address this gap, this brief identifies key considerations for costing SBC via social media, given the unique nature of social media platforms, and provides an applied example from the Merci Mon Héros (Thank You, My Hero) project, a youth-led multi-media campaign in Francophone West Africa, funded by the United States Agency for International Development.