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Journal articles on the topic 'West African region'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Alaka, Ghassan J., and Eric D. Maloney. "The Influence of the MJO on Upstream Precursors to African Easterly Waves." Journal of Climate 25, no. 9 (2012): 3219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00232.1.

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The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) produces alternating periods of increased and reduced precipitation and African easterly wave (AEW) activity in West Africa. This study documents the influence of the MJO on the West African monsoon system during boreal summer using reanalysis and brightness temperature fields. MJO-related West African convective anomalies are likely induced by equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves generated in the Indian Ocean and West Pacific by the MJO, which is consistent with previous studies. The initial modulation of tropical African convection occurs upstream of West Af

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2

Bouarar, I., K. S. Law, M. Pham, et al. "Emission sources contributing to tropospheric ozone over Equatorial Africa during the summer monsoon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 24 (2011): 13395–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13395-2011.

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Abstract. A global chemistry-climate model LMDz_INCA is used to investigate the contribution of African and Asian emissions to tropospheric ozone over Central and West Africa during the summer monsoon. The model results show that ozone in this region is most sensitive to lightning NOx and to Central African biomass burning emissions. However, other emission categories also contribute significantly to regional ozone. The maximum ozone changes due to lightning NOx occur in the upper troposphere between 400 hPa and 200 hPa over West Africa and downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Biomass burning emi

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3

Leissle, Kristy. "Invisible West Africa." Gastronomica 13, no. 3 (2013): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2013.13.3.22.

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With the rise of single origin chocolate—made with beans from one country, region, or plantation—today many bars name the source of their cocoa. Based on historical and statistical analyses, interviews with artisans, and examination of product packaging, this article discusses the limited visibility of West Africa among single origin bars. Although the region generates about 70% of cocoa traded on the world market, a comprehensive database of “premium bar chocolate” shows just 3.8% made with West African beans. This discrepancy is due to a complex imbrication of trade logistics, bean strain, a

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Ularamu, H. G., J. O. Ibu, J. N. Abenga, et al. "Incursion of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Serotype O East Africa Topotype -3 (O/EA-3) in Nigeria." Nigerian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 1 (2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v41i1.4.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic transboundary animal disease that affects livestock health across most of sub-Saharan Africa. Since the first official report of FMD in Nigeria in 1924, serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 have been documented within the country. Molecular epidemiology has been used to trace the origin of FMD outbreaks in the case of animal movement, inter-species transmissions and trans-continental introductions. Phylogenetic analyses of VP1 nucleotide sequences of the twelve isolates (n=12) provide evidence for the presence of type O/EAST AFRICA 3 (EA-3) in Nigeria. The

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d'Orgeval, T., J. Polcher, and P. de Rosnay. "Sensitivity of the West African hydrological cycle in ORCHIDEE to infiltration processes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 6 (2008): 1387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1387-2008.

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Abstract. The aim of this article is to test the sensitivity of the West African hydrological cycle to infiltration processes and to river reinfiltration pathways. This is done through sensitivity experiments to both inputs and paramterization settings of the ORCHIDEE Land-Surface Model. The parameterizations to take into account the effects of flat areas, ponds and floodplains on surface infiltration, and the effect of roots and deep-soil compactness on infiltration are first described. The sensitivity analysis to parameterization settings shows that the surface infiltration processes have a

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Madeira, João Paulo, and Nataniel Andrade Monteiro. "Cape Verde in West Africa region: towards a new paradigm for regional integration." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 3 (2017): 545–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2016.v5n3.05.p545.

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The West African region has immeasurable natural resources and a market of more than 300 million consumers, contributing directly to the dynamics of the global economy. This article aims to identify the importance of this region in the development of Cape Verde, an economically dependent country that has given primacy to its foreign policy to bet on political and economic diplomacy. This investigation was a literature review, complemented through an interpretative analysis, in which the results obtained may allow to consider that the archipelago of Cape Verde needs to delineate a new paradigm

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7

Obadiaru, Eseosa, Alex Omankhanlen, Barnabas Obasaju, and Henry Inegbedion. "Correlation of stock market returns in the West African region from 2008 to 2016." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 3 (2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(3).2019.12.

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Stock markets over the world have become more interconnected due to activities of foreign investors in search for alternative financial assets and markets to invest in order to diversify their portfolio. Stock market indices and index returns have been known to reflect linkages between different markets. This study assesses the extent of correlation of stock market index returns in West Africa and those of the United States of America (US) and United Kingdom (UK) from 2008 to 2016. The correlation between the index returns for the entire sample period and yearly samples were considered for Nig

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8

Hopsch, Susanna B., Chris D. Thorncroft, Kevin Hodges, and Anantha Aiyyer. "West African Storm Tracks and Their Relationship to Atlantic Tropical Cyclones." Journal of Climate 20, no. 11 (2007): 2468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4139.1.

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Abstract The automatic tracking technique used by Thorncroft and Hodges has been used to identify coherent vorticity structures at 850 hPa over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis. The presence of two dominant source regions, north and south of 15°N over West Africa, for storm tracks over the Atlantic was confirmed. Results show that the southern storm track provides most of the storms that reach the main development region where most tropical cyclones develop. There exists marked seasonal variability in location and intensity of the storms leaving the West Afr

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9

Bouarar, I., K. S. Law, M. Pham, et al. "Emission sources contributing to tropospheric ozone over equatorial Africa during the summer monsoon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (2011): 13769–827. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-13769-2011.

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Abstract. A global chemistry-climate model LMDz_INCA is used to investigate the contribution of African and Asian emissions to tropospheric ozone over central and West Africa during the summer monsoon. The model results show that ozone in this region is most sensitive to lightning NOx and to central African biomass burning emissions. However, other emission categories also contribute significantly to regional ozone. The maximum ozone changes due to lightning NOx occur in the upper troposphere between 400 hPa and 200 hPa over West Africa and downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Biomass burning emi

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10

Kornprobst, Markus. "The management of border disputes in African regional sub-systems: comparing West Africa and the Horn of Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 40, no. 3 (2002): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x02003968.

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In Africa, the management of border disputes varies from sub-region to sub-region. Most puzzling is the difference between West Africa and the Horn of Africa. In the latter, border disputes are much more likely to escalate into war than in the former. Seeking to solve this puzzle, this study focuses on the territorial integrity norm. It departs from existing accounts of this norm in two ways: first, it does not choose the region but the sub-region as the level of analysis. Second, it does not isolate the territorial integrity norm from its social context but analyses the interplay of the norm

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Odobo, Samuel Osagie, Amos Musa Andekin, and Kingsley Udegbunam. "Analysis of ECOWAS Institutional Framework for Conflict Management." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (2017): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mjss-2017-0051.

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AbstractThe Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has evolved conflict management and security framework through which it responds to the myriads of socio-political crisis in the sub-region. This paper assesses the ECOWAS mechanisms for conflict management vis-à-vis the challenges facing the region. It begins by looking at the nature of conflict in West Africa; and then the evolution of ECOWAS conflict management framework. Using content analysis, the paper argues that ECOWAS has evolved a comprehensive conflict management and security framework and has made significant achievemen

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12

Amini, Clifford, and Oluwaseun Oluyide. "Building Capacity for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in West Africa Sub-region: The Pivotal Role of RETRIDAL." Open Praxis 8, no. 4 (2016): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.8.4.346.

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The paper posits the Regional Training and Research Institute for Distance and Open Learning (RETRIDAL) as an institution established for the purpose of enhancing Open and Distance Learning in the West African sub-region. The institute has pursued this mandate with an unparalleled vigour since its establishment in 2003 —a partnership of the Commonwealth of Learning and the National Open University of Nigeria. It is the opinion of this paper that enhancing the Open and Distance Learning mode of education in the West African subregion will require building capacity. Consequently, RETRIDAL has ch

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13

d'Orgeval, T., J. Polcher, and P. de Rosnay. "Sensitivity of the West African hydrological cycle in ORCHIDEE to infiltration processes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 4 (2008): 2251–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-2251-2008.

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Abstract. The aim of this article is to test the sensitivity of the Land Surface Model (LSM) ORCHIDEE to infiltration processes in the West African region, and to validate the resulting version of ORCHIDEE against African river discharges. The parameterizations to take into account the effects of flat areas, ponds and floodplains on surface infiltration, and the effect of roots and deep-soil compactness on infiltration are first described. It is shown that the surface infiltration processes have a stronger impact in the soudano-sahelian region and more generally in semi-arid African basins, wh

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14

Álvarez López, Laura, and Magdalena Coll. "Registers of African-derived lexicon in Uruguay: etymologies, demography and semantic change." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 1 (2019): 223–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0006.

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Abstract The present paper deals with 82 words of possible African origin registered in Uruguay by Ildefonso Pereda Valdés and Rolando Laguarda Trías between 1937 and 1965. Many of the lexical items were probably introduced by enslaved Africans brought to the region during the 18th and 19th centuries. Evidence shows that most of the words are apparently shared with varieties of Spanish outside the Rio de la Plata region, and most of them also appear in neighboring Argentina and Brazil. Furthermore, the African-derived lexicon is often used to denominate the ‘other’ with respect to people and s

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15

Fish, T., and N. Biekpe. "Regional African stock markets indices." South African Journal of Business Management 33, no. 1 (2002): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v33i1.693.

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This paper presents an overview of the construction of regional indices for three of the four regions within Africa. The three indices are the EASDEX (for East Africa), the NADEX (for North Africa) and the WADEX (for West Africa). The SADC region has been excluded, as it has recently been concluded as the subject of study, in which the index, the SADIX was constructed (Tyandela, 2001). The weekly market capitalisation data collected for the construction of these indices was further used to construct an All-Africa index. These indices could in future assist investors both locally and internatio

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16

Oppong, Richard Frimpong. "BOOK REVIEW – CRITIQUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 16, no. 1 (2008): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0954889008000091.

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Economic integration has been promoted as essential for the development of Africa. Currently, the principal vehicle for integration in the West Africa sub-region is the Economic Community of West African States [ECOWAS]. A lot has been written on ECOWAS from socio-economic and political perspectives. What has so far been missing is a comprehensive study of ECOWAS from a legal or institutional perspective. It is a defining characteristic of Africa's integration processes that the role of law, rules or institutions has not been emphasised. The process has been a political construct fortified by

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17

Abdullahi, Shafiu Ibrahim. "Islamic Banking in West African Sub-Region : A Survey." Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 2, no. 7 (2013): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0002286.

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18

SIEWE, NOURRIDINE, SUZANNE LENHART, and ABDUL-AZIZ YAKUBU. "EBOLA OUTBREAKS AND INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS: CASE STUDIES OF CENTRAL AND WEST AFRICA REGIONS." Journal of Biological Systems 28, no. 02 (2020): 431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339020400070.

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Ebola outbreaks in Africa have occurred mostly in the Central and West Africa regions that are politically identified as the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS), respectively. In the ECOWAS region, people and goods are allowed to travel freely across national borders of all the 15 member countries, but in the ECCAS region such regional travel across the national borders of its 10 member countries is limited. In this paper, we use parameterized mathematical models of Ebola to investigate the effects of free international

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19

Kouadio, Yves K., Luiz A. T. Machado, and Jacques Servain. "Tropical Atlantic Hurricanes, Easterly Waves, and West African Mesoscale Convective Systems." Advances in Meteorology 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/284503.

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The relationship between tropical Atlantic hurricanes (Hs), atmospheric easterly waves (AEWs), and West African mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is investigated. It points out atmospheric conditions over West Africa before hurricane formation. The analysis was performed for two periods, June–November in 2004 and 2005, during which 12 hurricanes (seven in 2004, five in 2005) were selected. Using the AEW signature in the 700 hPa vorticity, a backward trajectory was performed to the African coast, starting from the date and position of each hurricane, when and where it was catalogued as a trop

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20

Ola, Oreoluwa, and Emmanuel Benjamin. "Preserving Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in West African Forest, Watersheds, and Wetlands: A Review of Incentives." Forests 10, no. 6 (2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060479.

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While biodiversity and ecosystem services derived from the natural environment are the backbones of West African rural livelihood, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, conflicts, and climate change threaten the continued provision of ecosystem services. This threat creates an urgent need to safeguard the integrity of the environment. Evaluating the effectiveness of environmental conservation projects is central towards designing and scaling-up successful conservation projects. Using secondary literature and project reports, we reviewed ongoing and completed conservation projects in

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21

Abubakar, Zakia, Fadhila Ali, Agnes Pinel, et al. "Phylogeography of Rice yellow mottle virus in Africa." Journal of General Virology 84, no. 3 (2003): 733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.18759-0.

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The sequences of the coat protein gene of a representative sample of 40 isolates of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) from 11 African countries were analysed. The overall level of nucleotide diversity was high ( ∼14 %). Great geographical distances between the sites where isolates were collected were consistently associated with high genetic distances. In contrast, a wide range of genetic distances occurred among isolates spread over short geographical distances. There was no evidence of long-range dispersal. RYMV diversity in relation to land area was eight times greater in East Africa than in

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NASKRECKI, PIOTR. "Sylvan katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) of the Guinean Forests of West Africa hotspot: an overview and descriptions of new species." Zootaxa 1712, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1712.1.1.

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The state of knowledge on sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae, Pseudophyllinae) of Guinean Forests of West Africa hotspot is discussed. Based on published data on their distribution, and the extent of the current forest coverage of the region it is possible that some of the West African species of the Pseudophyllinae may be threatened or even extinct. Five new species are described (Adapantus affluens sp. nov., A. angulatus sp. nov., A. pragerorurm sp. nov., Tomias gerriesmithae sp. nov., and Mormotus alonsae sp. nov.), and 4 species of West African Pseudophyllinae are redescribed.

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Alaka, Ghassan J., and Eric D. Maloney. "The Intraseasonal Variability of African Easterly Wave Energetics." Journal of Climate 27, no. 17 (2014): 6559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00146.1.

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Abstract African easterly waves (AEWs) and associated perturbation kinetic energy (PKE) exhibit significant intraseasonal variability in tropical North Africa during boreal summer. Consistent with East Africa (e.g., east of Lake Chad) being an initiation region for AEWs, previous studies have shown that increased East African PKE precedes and leads to increased West African AEW activity on intraseasonal time scales. In this study, reanalysis budgets of PKE and perturbation available potential energy (PAPE) are used to understand this behavior. The variability of PKE and PAPE sources is analyze

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James, Rachel, Richard Washington, Babatunde Abiodun, et al. "Evaluating Climate Models with an African Lens." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 2 (2018): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0090.1.

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Abstract Climate models are becoming evermore complex and increasingly relied upon to inform climate change adaptation. Yet progress in model development is lagging behind in many of the regions that need the information most, including in Africa. Targeted model development for Africa is crucial and so too is targeted model evaluation. Assessment of model performance in specific regions often follows a “validation” approach, focusing on mean biases, but if models are to be improved, it is important to understand how they simulate regional climate dynamics: to move from validation to process-ba

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AKOUDJIN, MASSOUROUDINI, and BRUNO MICHEL. "A new species of Palpares Rambur (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) with an identification key to the species of West Africa." Zootaxa 2792, no. 1 (2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2792.1.3.

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Palpares longimaculatus nov. sp. is described from West Africa. This species resembles P. radiatus Rambur, 1842 and P. incommodus (Walker, 1853) from the same region and is very similar to P. kalahariensis Stitz, 1912 from South Africa. The characters differentiating these species are indicated. An identification key to the West African species of Palpares is provided and all the keyed species are illustrated.

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Scarcelli, Nora, Philippe Cubry, Roland Akakpo, et al. "Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (2019): eaaw1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947.

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While there has been progress in our understanding of the origin and history of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, a unified perspective is still lacking on where and how major crops were domesticated in the region. Here, we investigated the domestication of African yam (Dioscorea rotundata), a key crop in early African agriculture. Using whole-genome resequencing and statistical models, we show that cultivated yam was domesticated from a forest species. We infer that the expansion of African yam agriculture started in the Niger River basin. This result, alongside with the origins of African r

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Mekonnen, Ademe, Chris D. Thorncroft, and Anantha R. Aiyyer. "Analysis of Convection and Its Association with African Easterly Waves." Journal of Climate 19, no. 20 (2006): 5405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3920.1.

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Abstract The association between convection and African easterly wave (AEW) activity over tropical Africa and the tropical Atlantic during the boreal summer is examined using satellite brightness temperature (TB) and ECMWF reanalysis datasets. Spectral analysis using 18 yr of TB data shows significant variance in the 2–6-day range across most of the region. Within the regions of deep convection, this time scale accounts for about 25%–35% of the total variance. The 2–6-day convective variance has similar amplitudes over western and eastern Africa, while dynamic measures of AEW activity show str

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Kebe, Ibourahima, Ismaila Diallo, Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla, Fernando De Sales, and Arona Diedhiou. "Late 21st Century Projected Changes in the Relationship between Precipitation, African Easterly Jet, and African Easterly Waves." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040353.

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The present study utilizes three high-resolution simulations from the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) to examine the late 21st century changes (2080–2099) in the West African Monsoon (WAM) features. A set of three Earth System Models are utilized to provide initial and lateral boundary conditions to the RegCM4 experiments. Our analysis focuses on seasonal mean changes in WAM large-scale dynamical features, along with their connections with the summer monsoon precipitation. In the historical period, the simulation ensemble means mimic reasonably well the intensity and spatial distribu

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Semanou, Alexandrov Nevski Sachs, and Kamil Uslu. "Comparative Analysis of Growth Convergence in Selected West African Countries." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 3 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i3.14910.

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This paper analyses the β-convergence process of West African countries with a focus on Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo. It has been motivated by the apparent persistence of income gap between West African countries. To achieve the objective of the study, we use both descriptive statistics and econometric approach. The study covers the time period of 27 years (1990-2017). The results show the absence of a unit steady state for the region and do not confirm neoclassical theory’s predictions. Rather, it shows the existence of club convergence in West Africa. Also, lower-income countries su

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Uba, Charles U., Happiness O. Oselebe, Abush A. Tesfaye, and Wosene G. Abtew. "Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L) landraces using DArT SNP markers." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0253600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253600.

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Understanding the genetic structure and diversity of crops facilitates progress in plant breeding. A collection of 270 bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrenea L) landraces sourced from different geographical regions (Nigeria/Cameroon, West, Central, Southern and East Africa) and unknown origin (sourced from United Kingdom) was used to assess genetic diversity, relationship and population structure using DArT SNP markers. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.57 for unknown origin to 0.91 for West Africa region. The total gene diversity (0.482) and Shannon diversity index (0.787) was higher in

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Nelson, Ediomo-Ubong, and Isidore Obot. "Beyond prohibition: responses to illicit drugs in West Africa in an evolving policy context." Drugs and Alcohol Today 20, no. 2 (2020): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-07-2019-0033.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss priorities for effective responses to illicit drugs in West Africa in a changing international policy environment. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes published research, technical papers and reports on drug use and policy responses in West Africa and opines on priorities for drug policy in the region within the post-United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) 2016 policy environment. Findings Drug use and related harms continue to increase in West African countries despite efforts to reduce drug trafficking and use throug

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Osuagwu, Chidi. "Forest West African Indigenous Diet and Modernization Diseases." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 9, no. 12 (2019): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v9i12.673.

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This review paper notes that the nutritional essence of an indigenous people’s diet can, broadly, be outlined in terms of their food-inherent bioactive chemical functions. Two food crops; Yam (Dioscorea spp.) and the Oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis), define Forest West Africa, agriculturally, as Yam or Palm belt. They can also be said to, broadly, define the diet of the region, which staple base they constitute, as the Yampalm Diet type. Some unique, bioactive, chemical functions of yam identified include; dioscorin, lipoic acid, potassium, biotin and, thiocyanate, while those of oil-palm include;

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Emeka, Osuji. "Intra-African Trade, Macroeconomic Conditions and Competitiveness in Africa." Studies in Business and Economics 15, no. 1 (2020): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0014.

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AbstractMore than ever before, trade and regional integration have become two important arguments in the development equation of most modern states and, probably, explains the current rise in regional integration around the world. However, regional integration will not produce optimal benefits in the absence of favourable macroeconomic conditions and substantial internal trade among the integrating members. This paper employs descriptive statistics and econometric techniques to analyze the competitiveness of the continent by studying the impact of relevant intra-African trade indices on the co

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Cornforth, Rosalind, Douglas J. Parker, Mariane Diop-Kane, et al. "The First Forecasters’ Handbook for West Africa." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 11 (2019): 2343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0273.1.

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AbstractBridging the gap between rapidly moving scientific research and specific forecasting tools, Meteorology of Tropical West Africa: The Forecasters’ Handbook gives unprecedented access to the latest science for the region’s forecasters, researchers, and students and combines this with pragmatic approaches to forecasting. It is set to change the way tropical meteorology is learned and will serve to drive demand for new forecasting tools. The Forecasters’ Handbook builds upon the legacy of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project, making the latest science applicable to

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Adebajo, Adekeye. "Pax Nigeriana and the Responsibility to Protect." Global Responsibility to Protect 2, no. 4 (2010): 414–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598410x519561.

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AbstractThe essay traces the roots of R2P in African political thought—through individuals such as Kenya's Ali Mazrui, Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, Tanzania's Salim Ahmed Salim, South Africa's Nelson Mandela and abo Mbeki, and Egypt's Boutros Boutros-Ghali— and considers the bid by West Africa's regional hegemon, Nigeria, to play a leadership role on the continent in relation to the norm. It argues that the regional West African giant has exhibited a 'missionary zeal' in assuming the role of a benevolent 'older brother' responsible for protecting younger siblings—whether these are Nigeria's immediat

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Salt, David. "RESPONSE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE WEST AFRICAN REGION ∼ A NEW PARADIGM?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (2008): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-495.

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ABSTRACT West Africa is one of the fastest growing oil industry regions in the world at present. The operations range from Floating production and storage units in the newly developing provinces, whilst mature oil production facilities in places such as Angola, Cameroon and Nigeria are being further developed by the introduction of offshore facilities in the previously unexplored deepwater areas, vastly increasing oil outputs and bringing with it attendant risks. The new challenge is how to provide oil spill response to these operations in the event of an incident. Limited personnel numbers in

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Rolle, Nicholas Revett, Matthew Faytak, and Florian Lionnet. "The distribution of advanced tongue root harmony and interior vowels in the Macro-Sudan Belt." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4058.

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In this paper we investigate the distribution of vowel systems in the Macro-Sudan Belt, an area of Western and Central Africa proposed in recent areal work (Güldemann 2008, 2011; Clements & Rialland 2008). We report on a survey of 615 language varieties with entries coded for two phonological features: advanced tongue root (ATR) harmony and the presence of interior vowels (i.e. non-peripheral vowels, such as [ɨ ɯ ɜ ə ʌ …]). Our results show that the presence of ATR harmony in the Macro-Sudan Belt is limited to three separated zones: an Atlantic ATR Zone, a West African ATR Zone, and an Eas

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Amosun, Seyi L. "Physiotherapy education in Africa- The experience in Nigeria." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 50, no. 3 (1994): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v50i3.666.

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The African Rehabilitation Institute, an arm of the Organisation of African Unity, recently designed a physiotherapy education programme for implementation in African countries. The West African sub-region, having one of the oldest physiotherapy education programmes in the continent, was not directly involved in the formulation of the programme. A review of physiotherapy education in Nigeria, the first African nation after South-Africa to be admitted into the membership of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, shows that the programme recommended by the African Rehabilitation Institute

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Merem, E. C., Y. A. Twumasi, J. Wesley, et al. "Exploring Cocoa Farm Land Use in the West African Region." International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 10, no. 1 (2020): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.ijaf.20201001.03.

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Ehigiamusoe, Kizito Uyi, and Hooi Hooi Lean. "Finance–Growth Nexus: New Insights from the West African Region." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 54, no. 11 (2018): 2596–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2017.1364623.

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EFFIONG, Ubong Edem, Blessing UDOFIA, and Joel Isaac OKON. "Globalization and Unemployment: Empirical Evidence from West African Sub-Region." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 7, no. 10 (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v7i10p103.

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Knippertz, Peter, Andreas H. Fink, Robert Schuster, Jörg Trentmann, Jon M. Schrage, and Charles Yorke. "Ultra-low clouds over the southern West African monsoon region." Geophysical Research Letters 38, no. 21 (2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049278.

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von Lindern, Jana J., Sarah Aroner, Nicholas D. Barrett, Jason A. Wicker, C. Todd Davis, and Alan D. T. Barrett. "Genome analysis and phylogenetic relationships between east, central and west African isolates of Yellow fever virus." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 4 (2006): 895–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81236-0.

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Yellow fever virus (YFV), a reemerging disease agent in Africa and South America, is the prototype member of the genus Flavivirus. Based on examination of the prM/M, E and 3′ non-coding regions of the YFV genome, previous studies have identified seven genotypes of YFV, including the Angolan, east/central African and east African genotypes, which are highly divergent from the prototype strain Asibi. In this study, full genome analysis was used to expand upon these genetic relationships as well as on the very limited full genome database for YFV. This study was the first to investigate genomic s

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Cristóvão, Joana, and Christopher Lyal. "Anchonini in Africa: New Species and Genus Confirming a Transatlantic Distribution (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)." Diversity 10, no. 3 (2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10030082.

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The Anchonini known from Africa are reviewed. The monotypic genus Aethiopacorep is redescribed. The new West African genus Titilayo gen. nov. is described, with seven new species: four from São Tomé, T. perrinae sp. nov., T. saotomense sp. nov., T. barclayi sp. nov., and T. turneri sp. nov.; two from Ivory Coast, T. geiseri sp. nov. and T. garnerae sp. nov.; and one from Sierra Leone, T. takanoi sp. nov. Neither of these genera is known outside West Africa. A neotype is designated for Anchonus africanus Hustache 1932. A key to the two African genera, Aethiopacorep and Titilayo, as well as thei

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Clark, Andrew F. "Environmental Decline and Ecological Response in the Upper Senegal Valley, West Africa, from the Late Nineteenth Century to World War I." Journal of African History 36, no. 2 (1995): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034113.

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The upper Senegal valley of West Africa, like other areas of Africa, experienced a period of acute environmental decline and intense ecological response by residents from the late nineteenth century until World War I. French colonial strategies caused considerable disruption and dislocation, benefitting in many ways the colonial agenda which sought to regulate labor flows. African responses to the widening crisis, including movement within the region, migration to the peanut basin and the coast, and enlistment in the war effort, often served colonial interests while sometimes directly exacerba

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Lau, K. M., K. M. Kim, Y. C. Sud, and G. K. Walker. "A GCM study of the response of the atmospheric water cycle of West Africa and the Atlantic to Saharan dust radiative forcing." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 10 (2009): 4023–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-4023-2009.

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Abstract. The responses of the atmospheric water cycle and climate of West Africa and the Atlantic to radiative forcing of Saharan dust are studied using the NASA finite volume general circulation model (fvGCM), coupled to a mixed layer ocean. We find evidence of an "elevated heat pump" (EHP) mechanism that underlines the responses of the atmospheric water cycle to dust forcing as follow. During the boreal summer, as a result of large-scale atmospheric feedback triggered by absorbing dust aerosols, rainfall and cloudiness are enhanced over the West Africa/Eastern Atlantic ITCZ, and suppressed

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Akanji, Olajide O. "Sub-regional Security Challenge: ECOWAS and the War on Terrorism in West Africa." Insight on Africa 11, no. 1 (2019): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087818805842.

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In recent years, the West African sub-region has been faced with a wave of terrorism, resulting in the death of hundreds of people, destruction of public and private properties, and the displacement of millions. In response, states and multilateral institutions within and outside the sub-region have developed and introduced different mechanisms to address the issue. This article, however, investigates the experience of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in counterterrorism in West Africa. The idea is not to go over the role of ECOWAS with a fine-tooth comb but to focus atte

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Asante, Richard. "China’s Security and Economic Engagement in West Africa: Constructive or Destructive?" China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 03, no. 04 (2017): 575–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740017500257.

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Chinese officials tend to claim that Chinese economic and security activities in Africa are based on the principles of equality and mutual benefits (win-win), thus they are generally beneficial to the nation-building and development of African countries. Drawing on the case study of Ghana, this article argues that China’s commitment to enhancing the capacity of national security agencies, fighting against piracy, strengthening maritime security, and promoting intelligence sharing in West Africa have been, in general, constructive. However, anti-Chinese sentiments mainly triggered by the involv

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Ayeni, Raphael Kolade. "Towards Export-Led Growth in The West Africa Sub Region Economies." International Journal of Applied Research in Management and Economics 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ijarme.v3i2.283.

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The policy of import substitution dominated developing economies especially Sub-Sharan African countries up till 1970. The focus later shifted to pursuing growth through increased export. Recently, countries of the West Africa Sub-region are clamoring for a revisit of growth through import substitution policies. This study therefore delved into the question of whether ECOWAS countries should go for import substitution growth strategy, or to develop strategy that promotes export-led growth, following the law of comparative advantage or a considerable mix of the two strategies. Using an export-a

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Johnson, Segun. "Burkina-Mali War: Is Nigeria Still a Regional Power." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, no. 3 (1986): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200306.

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Suddenly Burkina Faso and Mali were at war.‘Burkina was the aggressor***! No, it was Mali.!‘ And the attack and counter-attack continued. For the man on the street, Nigeria moved in barely four days after the war had started and that is good enough. For a student of West African states' foreign policy, that was a late more for Nigeria, more so when the hopes of Nigerians moves were dropped. For whatever the cause, Nigeria was expected to get the grasp of any crisis erupting in West Africa regardless of the countries involved—Francophones or Anglophones. Why? Authorities in the seventies had se

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