Academic literature on the topic 'West Bank – Population policy'
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Journal articles on the topic "West Bank – Population policy"
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Chenoweth, Jonathan. "Will the water resources of Israel, Palestine and Jordan remain sufficient to permit economic and social development for the foreseeable future?" Water Policy 13, no. 3 (October 5, 2010): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.131.
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Scenario analysis suggests that by 2050 the population of Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip and Jordan will have grown from 17.2 million to between 21.1 and 38.5 million people. These population scenarios are compared to a range of water resource scenarios that consider the effect of climate change, a possible redistribution of the region's shared water resources as a result of a peace agreement, or the status quo. This scenario analysis shows that under all possible population-water scenarios combinations considered, the water resources of Jordan and Israel remain above the minimum threshold required for social and economic development. In the case of the West Bank, water resources may also remain sufficient for all population and climatic scenarios if the West Bank gains a greater portion of the shared water resources. In the Gaza Strip, however, desalination or water imports are required.
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Shatat, Saleh Raed, and Ong Argo Victoria. "ILLEGAL LAND GRAB: ISRAEL'S SEIZURE OF LAND IN PALESTINE." Jurnal Akta 8, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v8i2.15685.
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Since 1967, each Israeli government has invested significant resources in establishing and expanding the settlements in the Occupied Territories, both in terms of the area of land they occupy and in terms of population. As a result of this policy, approximately 380,000 Israeli citizens now live on the settlements on the West Bank, including those established in East Jerusalem (this report does not relate to the settlements in the Gaza Strip). During the first decade following the occupation, the Ma'arach governments operated on the basis of the Alon Plan, which advocated the establishment of settlements in areas perceived as having "security importance," and where the Palestinian population was sparse (the Jordan Valley, parts of the Hebron Mountains and Greater Jerusalem). After the Likud came to power in 1977, the government began to establish settlements throughout the West Bank, particularly in areas close to the main Palestinian population centers along the central mountain ridge and in western Samaria. This policy was based on both security and ideological considerations. The political process between Israel and the Palestinians did not impede settlement activities, which continued under the Labor government of Yitzhak Rabin (1992-1996) and all subsequent governments. These governments built thousands of new housing units, claiming that this was necessary to meet the "natural growth" of the existing population. As a result, between 1993 and 2000 the number of settlers on the West Bank (excluding East Jerusalem) increased by almost 100 percent.
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Kurniawan, Irvan Arif, Hilman ., and Indri Lestari. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN ABSEN ELEKTRONIK (E-ABSENSI BNI INNOVATION) BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DIVISI JAKARTA COLLECTIONMANAGEMENT PADA PT. BANK NEGARA INDONESIA 1946 (PERSERO) Tbk, JAKARTA-BARAT." JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU ADMINISTRASI 9, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jiia.v9i1.766.
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This journal entitled Implementation of Electronic Absence Policy (BNI E-Attendance Innovation) Affects Employee Performance in the Jakarta Division of Collection Management at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia 1946 (Persero) Tbk, West Jakarta ”. The population in this study are employees who work at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia 1946 (persero) Tbk, West Jakarta, which measured 222 people, from which the researcher used 69 people as samples to be tested. The research method used in this research is the associative method, the data technique used is literature study and field study through observation and questionnaires. Furthermore, it is tested by quantitative analysis using a proportional stratified random sampling technique, and data processing using the SPSS (Product and Solution Service) program. Keyword: Implementation, E-Attendance, the performance
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Fonjong, Lotsmart. "Rethinking the Impact of Structural Adjustment Programs on Human Rights Violations in West Africa." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 1-2 (2014): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341291.
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Abstract In this article I argue that the worsening human rights situation of West Africa in the early 1990s was largely the creation of the structural adjustment policies (SAP) of the IMF/World Bank. The austerity measures implemented through SAP plunged the region into hardship, forcing the population to demand better living conditions through public demonstrations and protests. Attempts by the West African states to contain protesters led to further human rights abuses. The implementation of a common liberalization policy across board without taking into account the specificities of each country was counterproductive. In fact, some of the excesses recorded could have been avoided if SAPs had been country specific and human rights-based.
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Krylov, A. "Israel Continues to Expand Its Settlements." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1 (March 28, 2015): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2015-0-1-145-160.
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This article provides a detailed analysis of the new trends of development of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem and the Jordan Valley, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. Since 1967, Israel has established about 150 settlements in the West Bank in addition to some 100 «outposts» or illegal settlements without Israeli official authorization. Now the settler population has estimated at over 520,000; the annual average rate of growth during the past decade was 5.3%, compared to 1.8% for the Israeli population as whole. As is known, after the Annapolis Conference held on 27 November 2007 Israel under the pressure from the international community announced officially not to create new settlements. But the Israeli authorities are now actively expanding in the occupied Palestinian territory, «border zones» or «buffer zones» in order to confiscate Palestinian land between the separation fence and the Palestinian communities located at a sufficient distance away from the wall.This study reveals the new forms and methods, aims and objectives of the Israeli official settlement policy and indicates a negative influence of the settlement factor on the Israeli-Palestinian negotiating process, political and socio-economic situation in the Middle East. The author do not exclude the possibility that if the political decision based on the principle of coexistence of two States not be achieved in the nearest future we may see soon on the map of the West Bank some Palestinian enclaves completely isolated like the Gaza Strip now. It is obvious that in the Jordan Valley and another parts of «zone C» Israel aims to do that it did in the area, where the block of settlements Maale Adumim is located, which Israeli politicians now consider an integral part of the territory of the State of Israel.
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Brynen, Rex. "Imagining a Solution: Final Status Arrangements and Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon." Journal of Palestine Studies 26, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2537782.
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Possible final status arrangements for the Palestinian refugee issue are explored, with emphasis on their consequences for the Palestinians in Lebanon. It is suggested that the right of return will be limited largely to the West Bank and Gaza, where it will be shaped by local economic conditions. Available compensation funds may be inadequate. Greater research and policy planning are needed in these areas. Moreover, because Lebanon will continue to host a significant Palestinian population for many years to come, both Palestinian-Lebanese dialogue and improvement in the social, economic, and legal status of the Palestinians are imperative.
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Shafer Raviv, Omri. "Studying an Occupied Society: Social Research, Modernization Theory and the Early Israeli Occupation, 1967–8." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418785688.
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In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza Strip from Jordan and Egypt, and established a long-lasting military regime over their Palestinian population. In this article, recently declassified sources and published reports were used to demonstrate how the Israeli government initiated and funded academic research on Palestinian society to gain reliable, useful knowledge to inform its policies. The Israeli leadership was most specifically concerned with pacification of the occupied population, the Arab/Jewish demographic balance, and the status of the 1948 Palestinian refugees. By early 1968, the research team had produced a series of policy-oriented reports on Palestinian society, covering such subjects as employment, education, nationalism, migration, and general values. The team used surveys, questionnaires, and observations, with modernization theory providing the theoretical framework for analyzing their empirical findings and formulating policy recommendations. As the Israeli team had studied a population under military occupation, their recommendations differed from those reached by their US peers who studied traditional populations in the context of the Cold War. Israeli civil and military officials had great interest in this new knowledge, rendering social research an ongoing practice for the Israeli occupation regime in the years to come.
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Matveeva, Anna. "The Polish Minority in the German Empire — the Agrarian Aspect of Government Policy and the Opposition of the Polish Population in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016172-8.
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The purpose of this article is to examine the agrarian aspect of the opposition to the Prussian policy of Germanization of the Polish population of the provinces of Poznań and West Prussia from a historical perspective, with the main focus on the 1880s — 1900s. The publication of the Colonization Law in 1886 and the creation of the Colonization Commission marked the beginning of attempts by the Prussian government to change the ratio of the Polish and German population of the provinces in favour of the latter. The German side in 1886—1902 acted exclusively through centralized budget financing of the colonization structures, which increased from year to year. However, this did not lead to the achievement of the goals set. To counteract the Prussian activities, the Poles set up a system of credit institutions, the main role in which belonged to the Land Bank. These financial institutions took over the crediting of land deals and the support of Polish landowners and farmers. The Polish side chose a much more effective method, which allowed it to gain the upper hand over the German strategy. The process of Germanization in the agricultural sector in the late 19th and early 20th centuries went through several stages, always being a direct reflection of the general direction of German government policy: from the creation of internal unity under Bismarck, through Caprivi’s “Era of reconciliation”, to the “Weltpolitik” of Bulow, when Polish policy became a part of the common colonial trend.
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Manekin, Devorah, Guy Grossman, and Tamar Mitts. "Contested Ground: Disentangling Material and Symbolic Attachment to Disputed Territory." Political Science Research and Methods 7, no. 04 (June 12, 2018): 679–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2018.22.
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Territorial disputes are prone to conflict because of the value of territory to publics, whether due to its strategic and material worth, or to its intangible, symbolic value. Yet despite the implications of the distinction for both theory and policy, empirically disentangling the material from the symbolic has posed formidable methodological challenges. We propose a set of tools for assessing the nature of individual territorial attachment, drawing on a series of survey experiments in Israel. Using these tools, we find that a substantial segment of the Jewish population is attached to the disputed West Bank territory for intangible reasons, consisting not only of far-right voters but also of voters of moderate-right and centrist parties. This distribution considerably narrows the bargaining space of leaders regardless of coalitional configurations. Our empirical analysis thus illustrates how the distribution of territorial preferences in the domestic population can have powerful implications for conflict and its resolution.
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Gray, Alice. "Water development in the Palestinian Territories since the Oslo Interim Agreement in 1995." Water Policy 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.066.
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When the Palestinian Authority took control of the water sector in the occupied territories in 1995, they inherited an enormous challenge in terms of providing adequate water supplies and sanitation to the Palestinian population. Since the signing of the Oslo Interim Agreement in 1995, despite the prioritization of water development and large amounts of international funding, progress has been slow and many communities in the West Bank continue to suffer from acute water shortage, while in Gaza water quality continues to deteriorate at an alarming rate. Sewage treatment infrastructure throughout the Palestinian Territories is still grossly inadequate. This lack of progress is in part due to deteriorating security conditions which have made implementation of development projects problematic, but it also owes a great deal to the constraints of the ongoing military occupation and the inadequacy of existing agreements with Israel which impede Palestinians from assuming full sovereignty over their water sector, preventing effective development. Since the election of Hamas in 2006, complications over the supply of international aid to the Palestinian Authority both in Gaza and the West Bank has threatened to undermine such progress as has been made in developing the capacity of Palestinian institutions to manage water in the occupied territories, and is contributing to the precipitation of a humanitarian and environmental catastrophe.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "West Bank – Population policy"
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Zanoun, Faisal Abed Masoud. "Fertility preferences of the Arab population in the West Bank." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6815/.
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This study is designed to explore and examine the various aspects of West Bank couples attitudes, beliefs and childbearing behaviour with regard to family size formation. Within the general framework, the study aims to investigate the various aspects such as household characteristics, marriage issues, determinants of childbearing behaviour, desired family size, ideal family size, gender preference, couples communication with regard to decision making process, and the relation between desired and actual family size. Moreover, this study aims to investigate and examine the effect of socio-economic, cultural and demographic variables on couples preferences and attitudes. It is believed that in order to understand the couples attitudes, beliefs and behaviour, one should first understand the background which created such attitudes and beliefs. As a result, this study begins with a general overview of the West Bank population. Moreover, this study will shed light on the political situation which has a significant effect on demographic change in the region. In addition, it will examine the influence of Arab culture, being an Islamic one, on the role of women in the family and society) family structure and social system child-parental relationships) couples interpersonal relationships) couples relations within their family) preferred number and gender of children) extent of contraceptive use and family planning. The data for the research were gathered by interviewing a sample of 999 couples (husbands and wives) using a questionnaire method. The data were gathered from different environments so as to include urban and rural areas and refugee camps within the district of Nablus. As for the statistical techniques used for analysing the data, the Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSSX) was employed. Various statistical measures such as means, correlations, chi-square tests, probabilities and multivariate discriminant analysis were performed in order to examine associations between the various variables. Some of the outcomes emerging from the analysis include:1) The political factor has played a major role in shaping the West Bank population from the beginning of this century.2) On average, West Bank families prefer an early age at marriage for females, while age at marriage for males has increased gradually as a direct result of eduction.3) Children's economic contribution to their families is very meagre. Thus, the costs and benefits of having children are not considered to be crucial factors in determining West Bank couples childbearing behaviour.4) On average, husbands have more traditional attitudes towards the number and gender of children than their wives. On the other hand, wives are more willing to use contraceptives.5) West Bank couples, especially husbands, have a strong male preference, especially for the first child.6) In general, the average ideal family size is less than the average desired family size and total fertility rate.7) With respect to desired family size, an `after the event' rationalism effect is evident, especially among couples who have completed their family size.8) A couples relationship and level of communication with each other have a significant effect on decision making with regard to family size preference and contraceptive use.9) The findings reveal significant differences in couples attitudes towards fertility preference. Variables such as place of residence, age, educational level and women's employment appeared to have the largest discriminant power in explaining couples attitudes to fertility preferences. Apart from these major findings, the study also includes suggestions and recommendations for future research.
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Ennab, Wa'el Rif'at M. Ali. "Population geography of the refugee camps in the West Bank." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1542/.
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Bhe, Ntomboxolo Grace. "Land restitution policy in old West Bank location, East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14620.
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This thesis summarises research on the implementation of land restitution policy in the old West Bank Location, in East London. Apartheid legislation dispossessed many Black people of their land. After 1994, the new democratic government implemented a land reform programme, land policy was reviewed, and people were compensated for the loss of land either financially or through restoration of their land. The original cut-off date for claims was 1998, but the window for claims was reopened in July 2014 because of difficulties in implementation. The period for the lodging of claims was extended to end June 2019 to allow people who had not yet been able to do so to participate in the process. In case of the old West Bank Location claims, compensation was in the form of land restoration, including houses which would be built for the claimants. This study documents the successes and challenges encountered in the implementation of land policy in the old West Bank Location. Triangulation of methods was used: data were collected from documents, interviews with claimants, interviews with government officials, and observation of meetings. Recommendations with regard to land policy are made on the basis of the research findings.
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Yousef, Hussein Ahmad Al-Haj Hussein. "The demography of the Arab villages of the West Bank." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1541/.
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Abid, S. H. "Rural development planning : The formulation of planning policies for development planning areas (DPAs), with special reference to the district of Jenin, West Bank." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379074.
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Kayali, H. "Jumping obstacles : the Israeli settlement course." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/d95fd85e-f685-4b29-9640-19f758dd841a/1.
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Since 2005, when the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued its opinion deeming the Israeli Separation Wall and settlements illegal, there have been significant developments in the nonviolent methods adopted for countering Israeli occupation. While Palestinian nonviolent resistance has existed throughout history, from this time onwards, there have been a number of factors that give this period its unique traits. The most central method that has been adopted by all nonviolent actors is to influence economic interaction with Israel in a way that is in line with international law, and is supportive of the official positions adopted by the countries that nonviolent activists aim to influence. While Israeli settlements are illegal according to international law, they include industrial areas that export products to many countries. Through this contradiction, nonviolent activists have found an opportunity to pressurise countries to end their economic ties with those settlements, and consequently put pressure Israel to change its settlement policies. Some of these call for ending economic ties with Israel itself, because it is upholding the settlements, and some call for ending ties only with Israeli settlements; in other words, some target the criminal and others just the crime. In 2010, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) adopted its first unilateral program that was not in agreement with Israel, and which introduced a strategy for the cessation of economic ties with Israeli settlements. This was done through a mixture of national public awareness campaigns to influence consumer behaviour, and the introduction of legislation by which it became illegal for Palestinian enterprises to have any economic ties with Israeli settlements. After starting by focussing on its own markets, the PNA called upon other countries to follow suit by lobbying government officials, parliamentarians, and financial institutions. However, this action came five years after a call for a full boycott, including divestment and sanctions against Israel, made by Palestinian civil society organizations and political parties. This call, known as the BDS call had gained tremendous support and amalgamated a large pool of members internationally by the time that the PNA started with its campaign for a limited boycott. This disparity has had a significant influence on the dynamics of the boycott movement, both locally in Palestine and globally. This research explores those dynamics. It takes an in-‐‑depth look at the effort to end economic ties with settlements, including who the actors are, what they aim for, how they interact, and how effective they have been. The PNA’s program to end economic ties with settlements was chosen as a case study for this doctoral thesis, because of its central position in relation to the topic and the unique access to its documentation through the author’s previous role as its director.
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Pathak, Amit. "Forecasting Models to Predict EQ-5D Model Indicators for Population Health Improvement." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1480959312370497.
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Qurt, Husni S. "The Exercise of Power : Counter Planning in Palestine." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1885.
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In the beginning of the 2000s, Israeli policies in the West Bank shifted from policies of control to policies of separation, which in turn led to the Transformation of West Bank communities into isolated urban islands. Current plans prepared for Palestinian localities by Palestinian planning institutions most often address these isolated islands without taking into account the Israeli-controlled areas surrounding these localities. Palestinians envision the entire West Bank as a contiguous area that will eventually form part of the Palestinian national state. However, most Palestinian plans take the boundaries imposed by Israel as a given and plan only for areas within the Israeli-controlled areas.
This dissertation is about the Palestinian planning processes in the West Bank in an attempt to assess whether these processes are or could counteract Israeli plans of separation. Upon extensive research, it was found that Palestinian planning institutions have a very limited impact in countering Israeli plans. The only counter-planning activity that can be observed is the Palestinian National Authority’s latest orientation to plan in Palestinian areas classified as Area C (found in areas under complete Israeli Control). The aforementioned lack of counter-planning activities can be attributed to the inefficiency of a legal framework, lack of vision, lack of coordination, and deficiencies within Palestinian planning institutions.
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Srnka, Vojtěch. "Evropská unie a izraelsko-palestinský konflikt." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264530.
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Next year will the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories celebrate the 50th Anniversary. European Union, the most significant trade partner of Israel as well as the biggest donor of Palestine, was for a long time a mere observer of a situation of deepening of the occupation and postponing of its end because of building of Israeli settlements on the one side and of gradual division of Palestinian territories between radical Hamas and Fatah. Just in the autumn of 2015 the European Union decided to take a restrictive step towards Israel by setting clear rules of labelling of Israeli goods produced in those Israeli settlements. However, a harsh response has come both from the Israeli government and from some of EU member states. Therefore this work focuses on evaluation of the legitimacy of this move and on trying to assess the reason of its partial failure.
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Dautel, Cindy. "Selected patterns of population movement and settlement in the West Bank since 1967." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27473.
Full textBooks on the topic "West Bank – Population policy"
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Baldwin, George B. Targets and indicatiors in World Bank population projects. Washington, DC (1818 H St., N.W., Washington 20433): Population and Human Resources, Dept., the World Bank, 1992.
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Bahiri, Simcha. Industrialization in the West Bank and Gaza. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1987.
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Lein, Yehezkel. Land grab: Israel's settlement policy in the West Bank. Jerusalem: B'Tselem, 2002.
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Population, settlement, and conflict: Israel and the West Bank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
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ABURISH, SAID K. 1935. Cry Palestine: Inside the West Bank. London: Bloomsbury, 1991.
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Laufer, Leopold Yehuda. U.S. aid to the West Bank and Gaza: Policy dilemmas. [Jerusalem]: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations, 1985.
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Laufer, Leopold Yehuda. U.S. aid to the West Bank and Gaza: Policy dilemmas. [Jerusalem]: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1985.
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Khameyseh, Rasem. Israeli planning and house demolishing policy in the West Bank. Jerusalem: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "West Bank – Population policy"
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Kaša, Rita, and Inta Mieriņa. "Introduction." In IMISCOE Research Series, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4_1.
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Abstract This volume contributes to research on migration from Latvia, a country in Central Eastern Europe (CEE), following the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1991. The experience of independent Latvia with borders opening up to the world and more specifically to the West has turned out to be both a rewarding and wounding experience for communities in the country. On the rewarding side, individuals have gained liberty – an ability to travel the world freely, to see and live in the countries which were beyond the closed doors of the Soviet Union just some decades ago. This freedom, however, has also brought the sense of cost to the society – people are going abroad as if dissolving into other worlds, away from their small homeland. The context of decreasing birth rates and ageing in the country seems to amplify a feeling of loss which is supported by hard evidence. Research shows a worrying 17% decline in Latvia’s population between 2000 and 2013. One third of this is due to declining birth rates and two-thirds is caused by emigration (Hazans 2016). This situation has turned out to be hurtful experience for communities in Latvia causing a heightened sense of grief especially during the Great Recession which shook the country at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century. By 2013 the feeling of crises even larger than the economic downturn came to a head in Latvian society, pushing the government for the first time in the history of independent Latvia to recognise the migration of the country’s nationals and to acknowledge diaspora politics as an important item on the national policy agenda.
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Crăciun, Daniela, Kata Orosz, and Viorel Proteasa. "Does Erasmus Mobility Increase Employability? Using Register Data to Investigate the Labour Market Outcomes of University Graduates." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 105–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_8.
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Abstract The chapter sets out to answer a question that has long been on the mind of policy-makers, university leaders, scholars and students: does international student credit mobility have a positive impact on graduate employability? Traditionally, this question has been answered using survey data where internationally mobile students self-report their employment situation at a certain point after graduation. According to these studies, international student mobility positively affects the labour market outcomes of students. For instance, the European Commission reports that: (1) students who completed an Erasmus mobility program are half as likely to face long-term unemployment; (2) the unemployment rate of Erasmus students is 23% lower five years after graduation (European Commission 2014). While these studies provide important insights about the benefits associated with the cross-border credit mobility of students, the results can be plagued by self-selection bias in reporting post-mobility employment outcomes. In order to avoid the problems associated with survey data, in this chapter we offer an analysis based on register data from university records and employment records, using as a case study the West University of Timisoara, a leading comprehensive university in Romania. Using register data offers the possibility to study population-level data and compare the employment outcomes of mobile and non-mobile students. The chapter analyses the impact of credit mobility on insertion in the labour market, income levels and occupational prestige. While the research question that the chapter is trying to answer is important, the main message of the chapter is broader: ministries and higher education institutions should release data for research purposes. Register data is readily available and helps researchers make efficient use of resources. In turn, this can encourage evidence-based policymaking.
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Mandel, Maud S. "The 1967 War and the Forging of Political Community." In Muslims and Jews in France. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691125817.003.0005.
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This chapter investigates the influence of the 1967 war between Israel and its Arab neighbors on Muslim–Jewish relations in France. This conflict, which ended with Israel's occupation of significant Arab lands including the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, had little impact on daily interactions more fundamentally shaped by the colonial North African past and the French present than the Middle East. Nevertheless, the unprecedented mobilization of Jewish organizational life around Israel and efforts to create parallel affinities in the Muslim North African population around Palestine continued to shape political discourse in binary terms. The result was that while conflict between France's large Muslim and Jewish populations was rare, the story of two polarized ethno-religious political units hardened as new political actors, particularly university students, began to use French campuses as spaces in which to engage in discussions of foreign policy.
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Ross, Kenneth R., and Todd M. Johnson. "The Maldives." In Christianity in South and Central Asia, 197–98. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0018.
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The Maldives comprises 1,190 coral atolls lying in the India Ocean to the south-west of India and Sri Lanka. the overwhelming majority of the population is Muslim, with Islam dating back to the twelfth Century. Government policy places a high premium on the Islamic identity of the country, and conversion to Christianity is punishable by loss of citizenship and, allegedly, torture. Foreign workers are legally permitted to express their faith, but only privately in their homes when no Maldives citizens are present. Catholics (mainly Filipinos), the Church of South India, the Evangelical Mennonite Church and the Seventh-day Adventists have a small and low-key presence in the country. The number of Christian believers among the indigenous population is thought to be very low, and they are obliged to observe their faith under conditions of utmost secrecy. Criticism of its record on human rights and political freedoms led the government to announce in October 2016 that it will leave the Commonwealth.
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Gharaibeh, Fawzi A. "Population, Labor Force, and Employment." In The Economies of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, 29–57. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429310362-3.
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Laufer, Leopold Yehuda. "U.S. Aid to the West Bank and Gaza: Policy Dilemmas." In Dynamics of Dependence: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 165–200. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429040443-6.
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Coats, Warren. "Establishing a New Currency and Central Bank in Fragile States." In Macroeconomic Policy in Fragile States, 334–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853091.003.0012.
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This chapter presents the author’s personal experiences in providing technical assistance to central banks in the areas of central bank and banking laws (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iraq, and Kosovo); central bank organizational structure (Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iraq, Kazakhstan, and West Bank and Gaza); designing and introducing new currencies (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Republika Srpska, Slovenia, West Bank and Gaza, and Zimbabwe); non-cash payment systems; and central bank policy instruments to promote and function in private sector money markets (Afghanistan and South Sudan).
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"Israeli Policy Towards Economic Development in the West Bank and Gaza." In The Palestinian Economy (RLE Economy of Middle East), 133–50. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315744704-13.
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Sereno, Keren. "Whose Voice is Heard? West Bank News Framing in Israeli Mainstream and Alternative News Websites." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 85–115. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6038-0.ch007.
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Alternative news Websites are a fascinating arena for studying the dynamics between politics, media, and activism. This chapter presents a comparison of news framing in Israeli mainstream news Websites versus Israeli alternative news Websites. To achieve this, 342 items which were published over the course of 14 months (November 2007-December 2008) in 8 Israeli media originations were coded. These items covered the demonstrations and direct actions against the Separation Fence near the Palestinian village of Ni'lin in which Israeli radical left activists took part. The items were coded by qualitative content analysis according to the principles of the Grounded Theory Method. The findings show considerable differences concerning the characters of quoted sources, media frames, coverage patterns, and linking strategies between the mainstream Websites (and print newspaper) and the alternative Websites. Out of those differences, 4 potential political functions that alternative news Websites can fulfill in radical political protests are identified: recruiting activists, consolidating a subversive political consciousness and strengthening the collective identity, building online network between colleague organizations, and distributing and storing controversial information. This research shows that in order to develop a deeper understanding of the role of new media in social protests, it is necessary to simultaneously rely on alternative media, theories, and studies in addition to the emerging knowledge regarding the characters and uses of the Internet in general.
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Hinnershitz, Stephanie. "From the Gulf to the Courts." In A Different Shade of Justice. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633695.003.0006.
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The wreckage of the Vietnam War and new American polices geared toward resettling refugees brought thousands of Vietnamese to the United States. Although many Vietnamese settled on the West Coast and in the Great Lakes region, thousands more came to the Gulf of Mexico through sponsors or established family connections seeking work in the shrimping or oil industries of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. But, as the Vietnamese soon discovered, they were not welcomed by the largely white population who feared competition and distrusted racial outsiders. The Vietnamese fought back in the Houston District Court, filing a civil rights suit against the Klan with the assistance of the Southern Poverty Law Center.
Conference papers on the topic "West Bank – Population policy"
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Vaughan, Eric, Annette Huber-Lee, Timothy Griffin, Eric Kemp-Benedict, and Richard Vogel. "Uncertainty in Agricultural Water Demand in the West Bank: Policy Implications for a Developing Economy." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)298.
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Kitazawa, Daisuke, and Piet Ruardij. "Modelling of Competition for Space and Food Among Mussels Under a Coastal Floating Platform." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67397.
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A competition model among mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) was developed to predict the environmental impacts of mussels under a coastal floating platform, which is called Mega-Float. The model describes the dynamics of mussels as controlled by competition for space and food availability. The model consists of a physiological growth submodel based on the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model and a competition submodel for space and food. First, the parameter values in the physiological submodel are calibrated by using observations on growth of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultivated in the north-west coast of Spain. Then the competition submodel for space and food among mussels is described as a function of the mussel density, and is calibrated by using observations on time variation in the population number of the mussels on the cultivation ropes. The population number of mussels starts with 5,000 individuals per meter and some mussels are shoved to the inner layer of the mussel bank as mussels grow. This undoubtedly leads to food shortage and starvation for them due to their unfavorable position. As a result, some mussels are starved to death and about half of the remaining mussels are inactive in the inner layer of the mussel bank. The competition model can predict well the decrease in the population number of mussels at the cultivation ropes. Finally, the competition model is combined with three-dimensional marine ecosystem model and numerical simulation is conducted to predict the growth of the mussel bank on the under-surface of an imaginary Mega-Float, which is anchored in the head of Tokyo Bay. It was revealed that about two-thirds of mussels are inactive in the inner layer of the mussel bank and do not contribute to food ingestion rate of the mussel bank.
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Melikov, Y. I. "ABOUT IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL AND CREDIT MECHANISM AS A TOOL TO STIMULATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.650-654.
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The issues of improving the financial and credit mechanism for stimulating the development of the agro-industrial complex are considered. In the conditions of external and internal challenges, the coronavirus epidemic, there is a compression of the domestic market, a drop in effective demand, the profitability of the population, enterprises, the state, and the emergence of a budget deficit. This requires a fundamental change of financing mechanism and credit review criteria and approaches to aid sectors of the economy, improvement of the mechanism of agricultural lending on the basis of availability of Bank credit for borrowers. The necessity of conducting a hybrid combined monetary policy is justified.
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Sarı Gerşil, Gülşen, and Hülya Yeşilyurt. "Poverty in the Process of Globalization: Its Perspective in Turkey and in the World." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01130.
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A country's wealth and poverty are opposite to each other, but they are two inseparable important elements. The more the subject how to increase the welfare of the country is important, the more the distribution of this welfare among country members, especially. Although the observed increase in global prosperity with 21st century in especial that adopted neo-liberal policies in all over the world has caused to further deepening of the phenomenon of poverty. This case has given rise that concept of the "Poverty" has been discussed intensively workers in manufacturing is important. So, issues of fair distribution of income and prevention of poverty should be handled as interdisciplinary, mainly including social policy. That socio-economic and political structure of societies are different has been complicated to have a common definition on the concept of poverty. The World Bank, based on the absolute poverty approach, has made a research to determine the poverty line in the world (by getting base the ones who reap a profit below $ 1) and has determined that the poor class has remained in “minority” compared to world population. As it appears; more than half of the world population is below of the poverty line in reality. While seen daily increases in the welfare of the world countries, given the impression that poverty decreases does not reflect the reality. In this study, why poverty cannot be prevented besides causes of increase will be examined; this dangerous situation rapidly increasing in Turkey and in the world will be analyzed.
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Tsintsadze, Asie, Irina Vashakmadze, Irina Tavadze, and Lilit Meloyan-Phutkaradze. "Analysis of the Financial Market as a Driving Force of the Regional Economy in the Conditions of pre- and post – Pandemic." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.025.
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The pandemic has negatively affected the financial sector, as well as the real sector of the economy, both losses and credit risks in the financial market have increased on the background of the economic activity slowed-down. In 2019, the credit activity was high, however after the spread of the virus the activity slowed down significantly. This is natural, as due to the suspension of production –organizing, the unemployment has increased. Volume of the direct foreign investments has decreased by 42 %. Government of Georgia has developed an anti-crisis plan, important part of which is about the mitigation of deteriorated living conditions caused by the unemployment, whereas the National Bank of Georgia has pursued monetary and fiscal policies for the purpose of mitigation of negative influence of COVID-19 on the country’s financial sector and for the stimulation of the country's economy. In general, saving the business is considered as a priority. The current situation in the banking, insurance and stock markets and their role in the fight for maintaining the economic stability are analysed in the present article. It is important to note that, the insurance sector is the part of the economic, which did not need financial assistance in a difficult situation, but due to the common socio-economic situation, diseases caused by the stressful conditions of the population, it was necessary to make significant changes in the list of the insurance services. This, to the extent had led to some unforeseen costs, which had affected the financial conditions of the companies. According to the evaluation of the credit rating company -Fitch, the trustworthy policy implemented by the National Bank of Georgia, had played an important role in the maintenance of the financial stability and Georgian sovereign rating remained unchanged, at BB level, however, what parameters and in what area was the rating maintained and how the positions of the main players in the financial market have been changed, are the main directions of the article's research.
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Desmyter, J. "AIDS 1987." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644751.
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AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, and HIVAg is more likely to be found in those anti-HIV positives who proceed to disease. However, there is no justification so far for routine parallel HIVAg and anti-HIV screening. There is continued uncertainty how many HIV carriers have not (yet) developed antibody, but their numbers may have been overestimated. Studies to determine how many HIV transmitters have escaped blood bank detection, and why, need to be undertaken in spite of formidable logistic difficulties.The risk of developing AIDS is now estimated at 25-50 % within 10 years after the infectious contact. It is not clear whether the risk should be estimated differently in different groups or persons. In cities in Central Africa, 5-20 % of men and women are confirmed anti-HIV positives. At least 75 % of this HIV carrier rate is due to heterosexual transmission. Heterosexual transmission has been slower in Western countries, but factors precluding slow evolution to high figures by the same route outside Africa have not been identified. Therefore, countries have no choice in advocating behaviour changes in the general population, and not only in the classical risk groups. Initial hesitations toward extended voluntary and confidential screening are dwindling. Well-conceived confidential screening may be the only way to avoid strong-armed government intervention. The latter is certain to be divisive, and is likely to be counterproductive on balance.An efficacious vaccine remains remote, but an antiviral which prolongs life by at least several months in AIDS patients, but not all of them, is now available. Zidovudine (AZT), however, is toxic and mere prolongation of life without cure will impose an additional burden on AIDS economics.A novel virus (HIV-2) has been identified and is already widespread in West-Africans. It causes AIDS, but the present ratio of AIDS cases in those infected seems lower than with HIV(-l); this feature may be transient. HIV-2 antibodies are either detected or missed by anti-HIV-1 screens; if found, they can be distinguished from anti-HIV-1 only by special confirmatory technique. New screening assays showing equal sensitivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a single test should be devised. At present, HIV-2 is very rare in Western countries compared to HIV-1.
Reports on the topic "West Bank – Population policy"
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Bagley, Margo. Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003409.
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The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.i Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.i In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.ii Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.ii Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.iii These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.i These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
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Kuiken, Todd, and Jennifer Kuzma. Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003410.
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The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.3 Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.3 In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.4 Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.4 Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.5 These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.4 These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.