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Journal articles on the topic 'West Indian Foreign workers'
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1
Griffith, David. "Peasants in Reserve: Temporary West Indian Labor in the U.S. Farm Labor Market." International Migration Review 20, no. 4 (December 1986): 875–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000408.
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In the past ten years, the British West Indies Temporary Alien Labor Program has received widespread judicial and legislative support and criticism. While sugar and apple producers who import West Indians argue that domestic labor is insufficient to harvest their crops, labor organizations and their supporters maintain that domestic labor is adequate. The resulting legal disputes focus primarily on the issue of whether or not West Indians are displacing U.S. workers or undermining wage rates and working conditions. This article examines the relationships among legal issues surrounding the program, the U.S. farm labor market, and the Jamaican peasantry. It argues that continued imports of foreign labor during times of high domestic unemployment, as well as the varied factors which underlie the continued willingness and ability of Jamaican peasant households to supply workers to U.S. producers, can be most clearly understood from an international and historical perspective, rather than focussing on the needs and problems of any one nation.
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Saldanha, Avil Terrance, Rekha Aranha, and Vijaya Chandran. "Labor unrest at Wistron Corporation India plant – What went wrong?" Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 14, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2023-0248.
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Learning outcomes After completion of this case study, students/managers will be able to analyze reasons for the labor unrest at Wistron Corporation’s Indian manufacturing plant; examine the implementation of labor regulations applicable to the employment of contract workers by Wistron Corporation; infer the problems associated with rapid expansion in the workforce; analyze the labor regulatory challenges faced by Wistron Corporation; and demonstrate problem-solving skills. Case overview/synopsis The focus of this case study was the crisis faced by Apple’s contract manufacturer – Wistron Corporation due to labor unrest, riots and violence in its production facility located near Bangalore in India. This case study discussed the CEO’s dilemma in resolving the crisis and regaining the confidence of stakeholders, namely, the contract employees, Apple Inc. and the State Government of Karnataka. To give the readers an overview of the crisis – this case discussed in detail the underlying reasons for the labor unrest such as a rapid increase in manpower, unilateral increase in working hours without extra pay, unjustified pay cuts, understaffed and underqualified human resources (HR) department, ill-equipped attendance and payroll system. It also gave an overview of mistakes in labor management that could be avoided by a manufacturing firm. The case also discussed the pressure faced by the Wistron CEO due to probation and a new business freeze by Apple Inc. This case study is suitable for understanding the complexities of labor laws and the legal complications that can arise when a corporation disregards local labor laws while operating in foreign countries. Complexity academic level The case is best suited for postgraduate and executive MBA students studying labor law, industrial psychology and HR management in commerce and business management streams. The authors suggest that the instructor should inform students to read the case study before attending the 90-min session. It can be executed in the classroom after discussing the theoretical concepts. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
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Kokubun, Keisuke, and Misako Yasui. "The difference and similarity of the organizational commitment–rewards relationship among ethnic groups within Japanese manufacturing companies in Malaysia." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 11/12 (June 10, 2020): 1391–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-03-2020-0099.
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PurposeGrowing number of research to identify antecedents of organizational commitment (OC) has been done not only in the West but also in the East including Malaysia because OC is found to be associated with various work-related outcomes. However, to date, the influence of ethnic identity on the OC–rewards relationship was not explored although the leader has to recognize the different cultural underpinnings of each community in a plural society like Malaysia. Therefore, this study investigates the differences in the relationship between rewards and OC between three ethnic groups, Malays, Chinese and Indians, in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze survey data gathered from 12,076 employees who work for 32 Japanese manufacturing companies located in Malaysia.FindingsThe results of the analysis show that satisfaction with the personal evaluation was more associated with OC and role clarity was less associated with OC in Chinese than in other ethnic groups. However, differences were not found in the relationships of other rewards with OC at the 1% significance level. These results indicate that the ethnic difference in the OC–rewards relationship is rather small.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation concerns generalizability. The validity of the current research should be tested by the data of various foreign affiliates located in Malaysia and other multiethnic societies.Practical implicationsThe results of this study could support the revision of human resource management practices, enabling workers to contribute to their companies on a long-term basis in multi-ethnic countries.Originality/valueAlthough previous research has elucidated OC–rewards relation in particular countries, it has not met the potential requirements of the managers who face the difference in OC–rewards relation among the employees of different ethnic groups. In this sense, this research was the first attempt to tackle this theme contributing to the literature.
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Miller, Jennifer. "Her Fight is Your Fight: “Guest Worker” Labor Activism in the Early 1970s West Germany." International Labor and Working-Class History 84 (2013): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754791300029x.
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AbstractWhen the postwar economic boom came to a crashing halt in early 1970s West Germany, foreign “guest workers,” often the first to be laid off, bore the brunt of high inflation, rising prices, declining growth rates, widespread unemployment, and social discontent. Following the economic downturn and the ensuing crisis of stagflation, workers' uprisings became increasingly common in West Germany. The summer of 1973 saw a sharp increase in workers' activism broadly, including a wave of “women's strikes.” However, historical attention to the role of foreign workers, especially of foreign female workers, within these strikes has been limited. This article presents a case study of wildcat strikes spearheaded by foreign, female workers in the early 1970s, focusing specifically on the strikes at the Pierburg Autoparts Factory in Neuss, West Germany. For these foreign women, activism in the early 1970s had a larger significance than just securing better working conditions. Indeed, striking foreign workers were no longer negotiating temporary problems; they were signaling that they were there to stay. Foreign workers' sustained and successful activism challenged the imposed category of “guest worker,” switching the emphasis from guest to worker. Ultimately, the Pierburg strikes' outcomes benefited all workers—foreign and German, male and female—and had grave implications for wage discrimination across West Germany as well.
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Sewell-Coker, Beverly, Joyce Hamilton-Collins, and Edith Fein. "Social Work Practice with West Indian Immigrants." Social Casework 66, no. 9 (November 1985): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948506600907.
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When West Indians come to live in North America, they encounter conflicting values. The resulting stress may lead to dysfunctional reactions, particularly in regard to parent-child relationships. Agency workers report on the program they developed to help such immigrants.
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Zumoff, J. A. "The 1925 Tenants’ Strike in Panama: West Indians, the Left, and the Labor Movement." Americas 74, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 513–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2017.88.
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In September-October 1925, there occurred in Panama a tenants' strike that helped define the development of the left and workers' movement in that nation. This article presents an overview of the strike—important because no synthetic English-language account exists—and then analyzes the role of black West Indians in the event. West Indians were prominent among the ranks of workers in Panama, and among the slums of Panama City and Colón. Nonetheless, they were not central to the rent strike. This absence reflects the historic relationship between West Indian and Hispanic workers in the isthmus, the effect of the recent defeat of strikes led by West Indians in the Panama Canal Zone, and the lack of attention paid to attracting West Indian support by the Hispanic leadership of the tenants' strike. This division between the West Indian population and the broader labor movement in Panama had lasting effects in the history of the Panamanian left, reinforcing divisions between the struggle for Panamanian self-determination and the struggle against racist oppression of West Indians and their descendants in Panama.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 77, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 127–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002533.
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-Philip D. Morgan, Marcus Wood, Blind memory: Visual representations of slavery in England and America 1780-1865. New York: Routledge, 2000. xxi + 341 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Ron Ramdin, Arising from bondage: A history of the Indo-Caribbean people. New York: New York University Press, 2000. x + 387 pp.-Flávio dos Santos Gomes, David Eltis, The rise of African slavery in the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xvii + 353 pp.-Peter Redfield, D. Graham Burnett, Masters of all they surveyed: Exploration, geography, and a British El Dorado. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. xv + 298 pp.-Bernard Moitt, Eugenia O'Neal, From the field to the legislature: A history of women in the Virgin Islands. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2001. xiii + 150 pp.-Allen M. Howard, Nemata Amelia Blyden, West Indians in West Africa, 1808-1880: The African Diaspora in reverse. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2000. xi + 258 pp.-Michaeline A. Crichlow, Kari Levitt, The George Beckford papers. Kingston: Canoe Press, 2000. lxxi + 468 pp.-Michaeline A. Crichlow, Audley G. Reid, Community formation; A study of the 'village' in postemancipation Jamaica. Kingston: Canoe Press, 2000. xvi + 156 pp.-Linden Lewis, Brian Meeks, Narratives of resistance: Jamaica, Trinidad, the Caribbean. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2000. xviii + 240 pp.-Roderick A. McDonald, Bridget Brereton, Law, justice, and empire: The colonial career of John Gorrie, 1829-1892. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1997. xx + 371 pp.-Karl Watson, Gary Lewis, White rebel: The life and times of TT Lewis. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 1999. xxvii + 214 pp.-Mary Turner, Armando Lampe, Mission or submission? Moravian and Catholic missionaries in the Dutch Caribbean during the nineteenth century. Göttingen, FRG: Vandenburg & Ruprecht, 2001. 244 pp.-O. Nigel Bolland, Anton L. Allahar, Caribbean charisma: Reflections on leadership, legitimacy and populist politics. Kingston: Ian Randle; Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001. xvi + 264 pp.-Bill Maurer, Cynthia Weber, Faking it: U.S. Hegemony in a 'post-phallic' era. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999. xvi + 151 pp.-Kelvin Santiago-Valles, Christina Duffy Burnett ,Foreign in a domestic sense: Puerto Rico, American expansion, and the constitution. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2001. xv + 422 pp., Burke Marshall (eds)-Rubén Nazario, Efrén Rivera Ramos, The legal construction of identity: The judicial and social legacy of American colonialism in Puerto Rico. Washington DC: American Psychological Association, 2000. 275 pp.-Marc McLeod, Louis A. Pérez, Jr., Winds of change: Hurricanes and the transformation of nineteenth-century Cuba. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. x + 199 pp.-Jorge L. Giovannetti, Fernando Martínez Heredia ,Espacios, silencios y los sentidos de la libertad: Cuba entre 1878 y 1912. Havana: Ediciones Unión, 2001. 359 pp., Rebecca J. Scott, Orlando F. García Martínez (eds)-Reinaldo L. Román, Miguel Barnet, Afro-Cuban religions. Princeton NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2001. 170 pp.-Philip W. Scher, Hollis 'Chalkdust' Liverpool, Rituals of power and rebellion: The carnival tradition in Trinidad and Tobago, 1763-1962. Chicago: Research Associates School Times Publications and Frontline distribution international, 2001. xviii + 518 pp.-Asmund Weltzien, David Griffith ,Fishers at work, workers at sea: A Puerto Rican journey through labor and refuge. Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 2002. xiv + 265 pp., Manuel Valdés Pizzini (eds)-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Eudine Barriteau, The political economy of gender in the twentieth-century Caribbean. New York: Palgrave, 2001. xvi + 214 pp.-Edward Dew, Rosemarijn Hoefte ,Twentieth-century Suriname: Continuities and discontinuities in a new world society. Kingston: Ian Randle; Leiden: KITLV Press, 2001. xvi + 365 pp., Peter Meel (eds)-Joseph L. Scarpaci, Jonathan Benjamin-Alvarado, Power to the people: Energy and the Cuban nuclear program. New York: Routledge, 2000. xiii + 178 pp.-Lynn M. Festa, Keith A. Sandiford, The cultural politics of sugar: Caribbean slavery and narratives of colonialism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 221 pp.-Maria Christina Fumagalli, John Thieme, Derek Walcott. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999. xvii + 251 pp.-Laurence A. Breiner, Stewart Brown, All are involved: The art of Martin Carter. Leeds U.K.: Peepal Tree, 2000. 413 pp.-Mikael Parkvall, John Holm, An introduction to Pidgins and Creoles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xxi + 282 pp.
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Echeverri-Gent, Elisavinda. "Forgotten Workers: British West Indians and the Early Days of the Banana Industry in Costa Rica and Honduras." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, no. 2 (May 1992): 275–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023397.
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The Central America of books, and indeed of our imaginations, does not have very many black actors. That is not because blacks have not been present in the unfolding of Central American history. It is because their participation has been selectively ignored. During the last decade there have been a few welcome exceptions to this trend; however, a lacuna still remains. This article focuses on the role played by the first generation of black British West Indian immigrants in the development of the Costa Rican and Honduran labour movements - an area of history in which blacks have been particularly ignored.To this day the populations of black British West Indian descent living on the Atlantic Coast of Costa Rica and Honduras have remained outside the mainstream of political and cultural life in these two countries. It is not surprising, therefore, that they have also been neglected historically.Nowhere is this tendency more glaring than in the literature on labour history – especially that concerned with the important banana exporting sector. With few exceptions, the role of the British West Indian workers in the early period of the banana industry is dismissed. Those that acknowledge their role minimise the workers' importance by arguing that they failed to act collectively in challenging their employers. In brief, this view argues that black West Indian workers are not important to a study of labour politics in Honduras and Costa Rica.Historical evidence renders this suggestion invalid. The British West Indian workers who came to Honduras and Costa Rica during the last century in search of employment were neither indifferent to, nor totally accepting of, their situation.
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O’Brochta, William, and Sunita Parikh. "Anomalous responses on Amazon Mechanical Turk: An Indian perspective." Research & Politics 8, no. 2 (April 2021): 205316802110169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20531680211016971.
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What can researchers do to address anomalous survey and experimental responses on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)? Much of the anomalous response problem has been traced to India, and several survey and technological techniques have been developed to detect foreign workers accessing US-specific surveys. We survey Indian MTurkers and find that 26% pass survey questions used to detect foreign workers, and 3% claim to be located in the United States. We show that restricting respondents to Master Workers and removing the US location requirement encourages Indian MTurkers to correctly self-report their location, helping to reduce anomalous responses among US respondents and to improve data quality. Based on these results, we outline key considerations for researchers seeking to maximize data quality while keeping costs low.
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Jagvir Dixit and Deldan Namgial. "Anthropometry of Farm Workers of Kashmir Region of India for Equipment Design." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 49, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2012492.1472.
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Anthropometric data (25 body dimensions, relevant to design of farm machinery) of 610 farm workers was collected from Kashmir region of India. The comparison between the Kashmir region data and different regions of India and six foreign countries is presented. There were significant differences in weight, stature and other body dimensions between the populations. Kashmiri women were taller by 31 mm as compared to south Indian female workers, but had differences in hand length. No differences existed between stature eye height, hand length and inside grip diameter among females from Kashmir and North-eastern regions. Kashmiri women were heavier and fatter as compared to other selected regions of the country. Indian men were shorter by 75 mm as compared to Americans. The muscular strength (elbow flexion) of Indian workers was lower (241 N) as compared to Americans (270.7 N). Similarly, hand grip strength of Indian workers was lower (301.8 N) than Americans (398 N). Application of data in design of agricultural equipment is demonstrated.
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Jones, P. N. "Economic Restructuring and the Role of Foreign Workers in the 1980s: The Case of Germany." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 9 (September 1994): 1435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a261435.
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A growing body of literature suggests that the new forms of economic activity associated with post-Fordist restructuring offer limited opportunities for the types of unskilled and semiskilled jobs associated with the employment of foreign workers in Western Europe. In this paper this proposition is tested by examining the impact of economic restructuring on West Germany's foreign work force in the 1980s. With data for the socially insured section of the employed population it is demonstrated that male foreign workers in particular have been differentially and adversely affected across the entire range of manufacturing and construction industries, with a gradual replacement of foreign by indigenous workers. Contraction of employment in these crucial sectors was only partially compensated by a limited expansion of employment for mainly female foreign workers in selected service activities. The analysis also indicates that this general retreat of foreign labour has been mediated by regional differences in overall economic performance, expressed in a widening north-south divide and a growing focus on core areas of foreign population. It is concluded that the German economy in the post-Fordist phase has witnessed a further marginalisation of its foreign work force, long seen as a ‘structural necessity’.
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Volodin, A. G. "Direct Investment Exports and Emigration: The Experience of Modern India." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-2-2.
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The article uses the example of independent India to study the correlation of investment and migration flows to foreign countries. It is shown that Indian investment flows, whose origins date back to the first half of the 1960s, were particularly active outside, mainly in industrialized countries, after the economic reform of 1991. The main interests and activities of Indian TNCs and their methods of work abroad are demonstrated. The possibilities of foreign activities of Indian investors in the new conditions of the coronavirus pandemic were evaluated. The central directions of investment flows and Indian foreign migration (USA, England, West Asia, etc.) are fundamentally the same. Adaptation of Indian immigrants is more successful in the countries where the English language is spoken. The problem of possible Indian migration to Russia is highlighted as a separate topic. Its potential positive and negative consequences for the economy and politics of the Russian Federation are outlined.
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Chomsky, Avi. "West Indian Workers in Costa Rican Radical and Nationalist Ideology 1900-1950." Americas 51, no. 1 (July 1994): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008354.
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By now it has perhaps become a commonplace that the “rural democratic model” of Costa Rican history–the idea that Costa Rican democracy is based on a heritage of racially homogenous, egalitarian small holders–is an ideology and should be studied as such, rather than accepted as an accurate portrayal of Costa Rica's history. Recent studies have focused on the Liberal (1880-1900) and Liberacionista (post-1948) periods in which the ideology was formulated and then reformulated, and emphasized its conservative nature. During the period between 1900 and 1948, however, this ideology was far from hegemonic. This period saw much of the militant labor activism and social struggle that Costa Rica's new social historians are trying to uncover.
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Lukács, Eszter. "Value Driven Foreign Policy in South Asia, and its Lessons for the West Asian Region." UKH Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v3n1y2019.pp83-84.
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India during the long rule of the Nehru-Gandhi ‘dynasty’ aptly practiced realist foreign policy in the regional theatre and globally, but fell short of representing specifically Indian cultural values. Since the early 1990s, India’s foreign policy has regained its identity. Today, under Prime Minister Narendra Damodardas Modi, India assertively stands for its heritage in foreign policy. This is a practice that has relevance for the entire West Asian region, including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
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Kramer-Taylor, Elanor. "Forging the West Indian Nation: Federation and Caribbean Activism in Post-war Britain, 1945–60." Modern British History 35, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwae032.
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Abstract This article explores how Caribbean activists living in Britain after 1945 engaged with the movement for the West Indies Federation. By considering overlooked organizations such as the Caribbean Labour Congress, London Branch (CLC) and the West Indian Workers and Students Association (WIWSA), it shows that, first, Britain became a hub for Caribbean nationalism and support for Federation in the post-war years. Secondly, it argues that the West Indies Federation of 1958–62 significantly influenced the formation of important British Caribbean institutions, such as the West Indian Gazette and the Caribbean Carnival. In contrast to traditional narratives regarding post-war Caribbean political activity in Britain, which often treat the 1950s conjuncture through the lens of race and of the prehistory of a ‘multi-cultural’ Britain, this article seeks to recover a moment when British Caribbean activism was moved by a broader, transnational, self-consciously ‘West Indian’ nationalist movement. In doing so, it reveals the significance of the West Indies Federation, and Caribbean decolonization more broadly, to the Caribbean diaspora in Britain, and their political activities. Moreover, it illustrates how diasporic and exilic communities and figures continued to play an important role in anti-colonial and nation-building projects.
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Conniff, Michael L., and Aviva Chomsky. "West Indian Workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica 1870-1940." American Historical Review 102, no. 3 (June 1997): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2171704.
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Stansifer, Charles L., and Aviva Chomsky. "West Indian Workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, 1870-1940." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 3 (August 1997): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516764.
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Stansifer, Charles L. "West Indian Workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, 1870-1940." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.3.547.
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Goodyear, J. D. "West Indian Workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, 1870-1940." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 73, no. 1 (1999): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.1999.0011.
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Nair, Manjusha. "Differences in Workers' Narratives of Contention in Two Central Indian Towns." International Labor and Working-Class History 79, no. 1 (2011): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547910000323.
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AbstractContract work in India, though legally regulated by a 1970 Act, is widespread and mostly unrecognized. With the implementation of neoliberal policies in India since the 1990s, contract work has become the norm. There are now few spaces in which contract workers can get redress through the legal system. Using oral history narratives of contract workers' participation in a labor movement, this article shows how narratives of contention differ in the rendering of agency, success, and future, between one group of contract workers employed in the 1970s in a state-owned mine and another employed in the 1990s in an industrial area owned by private and foreign capital. The evidence for the article is ethnographic, collected in Chhattisgarh region in central India. This article suggests that these workers' narratives show the transformation in practices of citizenship, resistance, and militancy in India over time. Such differences are essential in understanding phenomena like the resurgence of the Maoist movement in Chhattisgarh.
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Chakravartty, Paula. "Weak Winners of Globalization: Indian H-1B Workers in the American Information Economy." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 3, no. 2 (2005): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus3.2_59-83_chakravartty.
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This article examines the complexity of the debate around the temporary worker visa known as the H-1B program for highly skilled foreign nationals. The debate against the H-1B visa program has been dominated by what feminist economist Naila Kabeer has argued are “coalitions of ‘powerful losers’ in the north seeking to claw back the gains made from international trade by ‘weak winners’ in the south” (Kabeer 2002). I argue that these metaphors are resonant in the debate over the H-1B visa program, where displaced American Information Technology (IT) workers conflate the role of Indian H-1B workers as both vulnerable victims of corporate greed and menacing threats to national prosperity and security, reinforcing both symbolic and institutional racism against this new category of Asian immigrant worker. Based on interviews with over 100 Indian H-1B workers, this paper challenges many of the assumptions about “indentured servitude,” and my findings suggest alternate policy alternatives to pitting the interests of “cheap Indian workers” against the interests of “Americans.”
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Rahaim, Matt. "That Ban(e) of Indian Music: Hearing Politics in The Harmonium." Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 3 (August 2011): 657–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911811000854.
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The harmonium is both widely played and widely condemned in India. During the Indian independence movement, both British and Indian scholars condemned the harmonium for embodying an unwelcome foreign musical sensibility. It was consequently banned from All-India Radio from 1940 to 1971, and still is only provisionally accepted on the national airwaves. The debate over the harmonium hinged on putative sonic differences between India and the modern West, which were posited not by performers, but by a group of scholars, composers, and administrators, both British and Indian. The attempt to banish the sound of the harmonium was part of an attempt to define a national sound for India, distinct from the West. Its continued use in education served a somewhat different national project: to standardize Indian music practice. This paper examines the intertwined aesthetic and political ideals that underlie the harmonium controversy.
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Matloff, Norman. "Immigration and the tech industry: As a labour shortage remedy, for innovation, or for cost savings?" Migration Letters 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2013): 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v10i2.144.
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The two main reasons cited by the U.S. tech industry for hiring foreign workers--remedying labour shortages and hiring "the best and the brightest"--are investigated, using data on wages, patents, and R&D work, as well as previous research and industry statements. The analysis shows that the claims of shortage and outstanding talent are not supported by the data, even after excluding the Indian IT service firms. Instead, it is shown that the primary goals of employers in hiring foreign workers are to reduce labour costs and to obtain "indentured" employees. Current immigration policy is causing an ‘Internal Brain Drain’ in STEM.
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Castles, Stephen. "The Guests who Stayed — The Debate on ‘Foreigners Policy’ in the German Federal Republic." International Migration Review 19, no. 3 (September 1985): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838501900308.
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The recruitment of “guest workers” between 1956 and 1973 by West German employers has given rise to new ethnic minorities. Despite the presence of over 4 million foreign residents (over a third of them Turks), the Federal Republic is still officially regarded as “not a country of immigration”. The legal and administrative framework set up to recruit “guest workers” is still in force. It is inappropriate for the current phase of settlement, denying basic rights, and causing social isolation of immigrants. The status of foreign residents is a major political issue, but no solution is yet in sight, leaving immigrants in a state of insecurity.
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Singh, Kavita, and Divya Rani Singh. "Handicraft Sector in India: An Instrument for Rural Economic Growth and Women Empowerment." Advances in Research 24, no. 5 (August 11, 2023): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2023/v24i5974.
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Nowadays, the Indian government is paying more attention to handicraft products and promoting handicraft artisans. Indian handicraft has so much potential to generate employment and income. Data is used from the 3rd and 4th handloom census and the Export Promotion Council of Handicraft (EPCH). This paper tries to explore the workforce participation of handloom workers and the export performance of handicraft products. A major finding in this paper is that Indian handicrafts is rural and women-based industries. About 25 lakh women and 27 lakh rural workers are engaged out of 31 lakh workers. Major contributing states are Assam, West Bengal, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Also, observed that worker engagement has risen over decades. In 2021, a total of 4.3 billion US dollars in handicraft products were exported from India. The USA is the main trading partner of handicraft products. And it also shows that the share of export of every handicraft product has increased in past years, therefore, we can undoubtedly say that Indian handicraft is the future of the world handicraft market, especially in the aspect of employment and income. Hence, it concludes that Indian handicraft industries are instruments of rural growth and women empowerment.
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Sullivan, Frances Peace. "“Forging Ahead” in Banes, Cuba." New West Indian Guide 88, no. 3-4 (2014): 231–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-08803061.
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In the early 1920s, British West Indians in Banes, Cuba, built one of the world’s most successful branches of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in the heart of the world-famous United Fruit Company’s sugar-export enclave in Cuba. This article explores the day-to-day function of the UNIA in Banes in order to investigate closely the relationship between British West Indian migration and Garveysim and, in particular, between Garvey’s movement and powerful employers of mobile West Indian labor. It finds that the movement achieved great success in Banes (and in other company towns) by meeting the very specific needs of its members as black workers laboring in sites of U.S. hegemony. Crucially, the UNIA survived, and even thrived, in a company town by taking a pragmatic approach to its dealings with the company.
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Ramachandran, Vibhuti. "“These Girls Never Give Statements”: Anti-Trafficking Interventions and Victim-Witness Testimony in India." Social Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090405.
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Framing sex trafficking as primarily a law enforcement and criminal justice issue, the U.S. State Department funds global South NGOs to work with the Indian legal system to strengthen prosecutions of sex trafficking cases. Though rescuing sex workers and training them to testify against alleged traffickers is key to these interventions, and though rescued sex workers do sometimes testify, my ethnographic research and interviews with NGOs, legal actors, and sex workers in India revealed that this is a rare occurrence. This article explores the reasons behind this reported pattern, as well as the challenges faced by those who do testify. Through these findings, it critically examines the possibilities and limitations of the prosecutorial focus of U.S.-driven, NGO-mediated anti-trafficking interventions. It situates anti-trafficking interventions centered on “victim-witness testimony” in the Indian socio-legal context, demonstrating how prosecution is shaped by a range of factors, circumstances, and contingencies involving foreign-funded NGOs, the procedures, political economy and culture of the Indian legal system, individual legal actors’ motivations, and rescued sex workers’ complex subjectivities, experiences, choices, and perceptions of justice. It draws upon and contextualizes these findings to challenge prevalent assumptions about the victimhood of global South sex workers, about global South legal systems necessarily lacking resources and commitment, and about anti-trafficking solutions rooted in criminal justice incontrovertibly benefiting trafficked sex workers.
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Heehs, Peter. "Foreign Influences on Bengali Revolutionary Terrorism 1902–1908." Modern Asian Studies 28, no. 3 (July 1994): 533–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011859.
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Writing to John Morley, the Secretary of State for India, a few days after the first terrorist bomb was thrown by a Bengali, the Viceroy Lord Minto declared that the conspirators aimed ‘at the furtherance of murderous methods hitherto unknown in India which have been imported from the West, and which the imitative Bengali has childishly accepted’.This notion later was taken up and developed by Times correspondent Valentine Chirol, who wrote that Bengalis had ‘of all Indians been the most slavish imitators of the West, as represented, at any rate, by the Irish Fenian and the Russian anarchist’. Chirol went on to say that ‘European works on various periods of revolutionary history figure almost invariably amongst seizures of a far more compromising character whenever the Indian police raids some centre of Nationalist activity.’ This indicated that Bengali revolutionary terrorism was simply a takeoff on the European variety. The only indigenous element in it was the dangerous infusion of Hindu religious fanaticism.
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Bancarzewski, Maciej, and Jane Hardy. "Workers' resistance in special economic zones in Poland." Employee Relations: The International Journal 43, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2019-0310.
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PurposeThis article compares workers' resistance in foreign direct investments (FDIs) in the automotive and electronics sectors in two special economic zones (SEZs) in the north-east and south-west of Poland. It aims to investigate why, despite the shared characteristics of the SEZs, that there are different outcomes in terms of the balance of formal resistance through trade unions and informal resistance through sabotage.Design/methodology/approachA spatial framework of analysis is posited to examine how global capital, national employment frameworks and regional institutions play out in local labour markets and shape workers' sense of place and their capacity for workplace resistance. The research study is based on interviews with trade union officials and non-union employees in four foreign investment firms in Poland.FindingsThe findings point to the importance of the type of production in influencing the structural power of organised labour and the social agency workers influenced by their understanding of place.Originality/valueAnalysing workplace resistance and industrial relations from a spatial perspective.
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Sarkar, Sudipta. "Indian Construction Industry: Employment Conditions of Migrant Male Workers of Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal." Indian Journal of Labour Economics 64, no. 2 (June 2021): 461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41027-021-00310-4.
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McCormick, Barry. "EVIDENCE ABOUT THE COMPARATIVE EARNINGS OF ASIAN AND WEST INDIAN WORKERS IN GREAT BRITAIN." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 33, no. 2 (May 1986): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1986.tb00265.x.
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Lima, Geovani Soares de, Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro, Adaan Sudário Dias, Hans Raj Gheyi, Reginaldo Gomes Nobre, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva, and Evandro Manoel da Silva. "Gas exchanges and production of West Indian cherry cultivated under saline water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6Supl2 (September 30, 2019): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p2947.
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West Indian cherry is of great socioeconomic importance to Brazil because of its potential to keep local workers in rural areas and generate income. It is mainly cultivated in the Northeast region, where high salt concentrations are common in water. This study was conducted to evaluate gas exchanges and production of West Indian cherry cultivar (cv.) ‘BRS 366 Jaburu’, as a function of irrigation with water of different salinity levels, and nitrogen fertilization, at the post-grafting stage. The experiment was carried out in pots adapted into drainage lysimeters, under greenhouse conditions in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates, using a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in which the treatments corresponded to two levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw: 0.8 and 4.5 dS m-1) and four nitrogen doses (ND: 70, 85, 100, and 115% of the recommended dose). The 100% dose corresponded to 200 g of nitrogen per plant per year. Irrigation water electrical conductivity of 4.5 dS m-1 led to alterations in the gas exchanges and production components of West Indian cherry cv. ‘BRS 366 Jaburu’. An increase in intercellular CO2 concentration resulted in the occurrence of non-stomatal effects on the assimilation rate of CO2 under water salinity conditions of 4.5 dS m-1. The mean weight of West Indian cherry fruits was reduced when nitrogen doses were above 85% of the recommended level. Nitrogen doses above 70% of the recommended dose (140 g per plant) intensified the negative effects of salt stress on the total number and weight of West Indian cherry fruits.
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Larkin, Brian. "Indian films and Nigerian lovers: media and the creation of parallel modernities." Africa 67, no. 3 (July 1997): 406–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161182.
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AbstractThis article discusses the significance of Indian films in revealing a relatively ignored aspect of the transnational flow of culture. The intra-Third World circulation of Indian film offers Hausa viewers a way of imaginatively engaging with forms of tradition different from their own at the same time as conceiving of a modernity that comes without the political and ideological significance of that of the West. After discussing reasons for the popularity of Indian films in a Hausa context, it accounts for this imaginative investment of viewers by looking at narrative as a mode of social enquiry. Hausa youth explore the limits of accepted Hausa attitudes to love and sexuality through the narratives of Indian film and Hausa love stories (soyayya). This exploration has occasioned intense public debate, as soyayya authors are accused of corrupting Hausa youth by borrowing foreign modes of love and sexual relations. The article argues that this controversy indexes wider concerns about the shape and direction of contemporary Nigerian culture. Analysing soyayya books and Indian films gives insight into the local reworking and indigenising of transnational media flows that take place within and between Third World countries, disrupting the dichotomies between West and non-West, coloniser and colonised, modernity and tradition, in order to see how media create parallel modernities. Through spectacle and fantasy, romance and sexuality, Indian films provide arenas for considering what it means to be modern and what may be the place of Hausa society within that modernity. For northern Nigerians, who respond to a number of different centres, whether politically to the Nigerian state, religiously to the Middle East and North Africa, economically to the West, or culturally to the cinematic dominance of India, Indian films are just one part of the heterogeneity of everyday life. They provide a parallel modernity, a way of imaginatively engaging with the changing social basis of contemporary life that is an alternative to the pervasive influence of a secular West.
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Stahl, Charles W., and Fred Arnold. "Overseas Workers’ Remittances in Asian Development." International Migration Review 20, no. 4 (December 1986): 899–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000409.
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In recent years, overseas workers from Asia have been sending remittances of about $8 billion annually to their home countries. These remittances are an important source of precious foreign exchange for the major labor-exporting countries. The overall development impact of remittances, however, has not been well established. Remittances are spent primarily on day-to-day consumption expenditures, housing, land purchase, and debt repayment. Although only a small proportion of remittances are directed into productive investments, this does not warrant the conclusion that the developmental value of remittances is negligible. In fact, remittances spent on domestic goods and services in Asia 1 provide an important stimulus to indigenous industries and to the economies of the labor supplying countries. 1 Our working definition of Asia thus does not include the countries of that region called West Asia which contains Turkey, a major labor exporter.
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Blades, Johnny. "Watching this space, West Papua." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.10.
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COMMENTARY: President Joko Widodo’s announcement in May 2015 that Indonesia would allow foreign journalists to have access to West Papua was widely, but cautiously, welcomed. Some journalists decided to have another attempt at getting into this region, long cordoned off to outside access. The labyrinthine process of applying for a journalist visa was a warning that change does not happen overnight for West Papua media freedom. On the ground, it is a risky business for a journalist covering West Papua. Local independent journalists, especially, face regular threats. The attackers are empowered by the knowledge that there is no formal accountability processes over intimidation and the murder of journalists or media workers. However, there appears to be a genuine hope that President Jokowi’s term in office represents a small window of opportunity for improvement for Papua. The handling of journalists and media freedom in West Papua is very much a test case for this. Watch this space.
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Bakan, Abigail B. "The International Market for Female Labour and Individual Deskilling: West Indian Women Workers in Toronto." Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 12, no. 24 (January 1987): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08263663.1987.10816594.
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Barrell, Ray, and Dirk Willem te Velde. "Catching-up of East German Labour Productivity in the 1990s." German Economic Review 1, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00014.
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Abstract We provide empirical evidence for exogenous and endogenous catching-up of East German labour productivity to West German levels. We argue that labour productivity in East Germany has caught up faster than has happened elsewhere. The sudden formation of the German Monetary Union was followed by large transfers to East Germany, migration of workers to West Germany, reorganization and privatization of East German firms. This has quickly led to a partial closing of the organizational, idea and object gaps that existed between East and West Germany. This paper analyses labour productivity in East and West Germany using both aggregate German data and unbalanced panel analysis of developments in East and West Germany. Factors affecting the organization of production, and especially privatization and `foreign' firms, are found to be particularly important in this context.
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Khan, Maliha Zeba, and Zohaib Altaf. "CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY SHIFT FROM BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE TO GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE: IMPACTS ON MARITIME GEOPOLITICS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION." Margalla Papers 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.26.2.119.
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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is the foreign policy strategy that has changed world politics. It has compelled states to revisit their foreign policies either in favour of BRI or countering it. BRI has created a difficult situation for international power structure and status quo states due to transitioning power from west to east and emerging geopolitical reconfiguration. However, in September 2021, President Xi Jinping announced China's Global Development Initiative (GDI) at the opening session of the UN General Assembly, which renewed debate about the impacts of China's strategy. As China has a strong foothold in the Indian Ocean region through BRI, the undertaken research is an endeavour to study the effect of shifting China's foreign policy from BRI to GDI over the maritime geopolitics of the region. This research aims at determining GDI's role in supporting UN Agenda 2030 through focused efforts on sustainable development goals in the maritime domain. It is an exploratory and qualitative research conducted through deductive reasoning to seek an explanation of the core proposition. This research has used secondary sources for determining these upshots with potential changes in the maritime geopolitics of the Indian Ocean region. Bibliography Entry Khan, Maliha Zeba, and Zohaib Altaf. 2022. "China's Foreign Policy Shift from Belt and Road Initiative to Global Development Initiative: Impacts on Maritime Geopolitics of the Indian Ocean Region." Margalla Papers 26 (2): 14-27.
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Seccombe, I. J., and R. I. Lawless. "Foreign Worker Dependence in the Gulf, and the International Oil Companies: 1910-50." International Migration Review 20, no. 3 (September 1986): 548–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000301.
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This article demonstrates that foreign worker dependence in the Gulf dates from the establishment of the oil industry in the early twentieth century. The composition of labor inflows were mainly determined by political and strategic, rather than commercial, concerns. Contrasting patterns of labor force composition evolved between those areas under British control, which imported labor from the Indian sub-continent, and the independent Saudi Arabia where labor was drawn from more diverse sources including the Italian settlers in Eritrea. Evidence of commercial-political tension over the employment of foreign workers, particularly Americans, is highlighted. Wages and conditions of employment are described.
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Sharma, Shruti. "Does Plant Size Matter? Differential Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Wages and Employment in Indian Manufacturing." Asian Development Review 35, no. 1 (March 2018): 52–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00105.
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This paper examines the differential effects, based on the size of the plant, of industry-level foreign direct investment (FDI) on plant-level employment and the wages of skilled and unskilled workers in India's manufacturing sector. On average, there are strong positive differential effects of increased inward-level FDI for large plants relative to small and average-sized plants in terms of employment and the average wages of both skilled and unskilled workers. Small plants experience negative effects from inward FDI, which can be explained by intra-industry reallocation of output from smaller to larger plants. After conducting a regional analysis, I find positive spillovers to small plants in Indian states that receive large and persistent flows of FDI. This suggests that a critical mass of FDI is necessary for small plants to experience positive spillover effects.
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Mittal, Ashish. "SS17-01 MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE TEA PLANTATION SECTOR." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0129.
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Abstract Introduction The Indian tea industry being almost 172 years old, occupies a significant and distinct position in the Indian economy. The majority of tea plantations in India are located in rural hills and backward regions of the Northern, Eastern and Southern states. With more than 13,000 gardens and over two million workers, the Indian tea industry is one of the largest in the world. The majority of the labour force in tea plantation are migrants and their descendants. Materials and Methods A secondary literature review was combined with personal conversations with workers and managers of tea estates from tea plantation states of India - Assam, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. Results The colonial British, heavily influenced by the experiences of cotton plantations in North America and the sugar plantations of British Guyana and the Caribbean Islands, continued to employ migrant labour in tea plantations of Assam and the plains of Darjeeling. They were mainly from the tribal belt of Chotanagpur and Santhal Pargana regions of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa belonging to scheduled castes, tribes and ethnic minorities. In Darjeeling hills, almost the entire labour force are descendants of migrants from Nepal. There were consistent poor living and working conditions, lowest wages, malnutrition, minimal health services and legal coverage, increasing number of accidents and natural disasters and closure of many tea plantations pushing these workers to the edge of survival. Conclusions Depleted conditions of migrant tea plantation workers need further research with focus on improving their living and working conditions, especially of the women labourers.
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Coker, Wincharles, and De-Valera N. Y. M. Botchway. "A RHETORIC OF CHINA’S EXPLOITATION OF RELIGION IN WEST AFRICA." KENTE - Cape Coast Journal of Literature and the Arts 3, no. 2 (December 19, 2023): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jla.v3i2.1263.
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This paper attempts to deconstruct Chinese business agents’ exploitation of religion as an economic resource in West Africa. Focusing on three cases from Ghana sampled on YouTube, the paper argues that China’s religion project in Africa involves three rhetorical strategies. These are reverse proselytization, repackaging of African/Ghanaian Christian gospel songs, and enstoolment of Chinese as African chiefs. The analysis reveals that Chinese foreign workers employ this capitalist model based on the working hypothesis that the average African of the postcolonial/neocolonial epoch is economically vulnerable and yet passionately religious, and, thus, would look to religion for solutions. Implications of the findings are reported in the paper.
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Dasgupta, Satarupa. "Examination of Identity Negotiation, Sexual Health Behavior, and Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of Transgender Sex Workers in India." Sexes 3, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): 492–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes3040036.
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The current study, which expects to fill in the gap in research on transgender sex workers in India, examines the sexual identity negotiation, risk perception and condom compliance, sexual health screening and testing behavior, contextual barriers to healthcare seeking, and barriers to community mobilization among this population. The study was conducted in the red-light districts of Kolkata and rural subdivisions of West Bengal, and Eastern India. Transgender sex workers comprise 15% of the sex workers’ populace in India, yet they are an understudied and underserved group in the commercial sex sector. It is anticipated that the study will help to formulate future programmatic interventions that can cater more effectively to the health needs of Indian transgender commercial sex workers, contribute to the HIV/STI risk reduction among this group, and reduce barriers to attaining health.
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Ilyukhov, Alexander. "CONCESSIONS OF THE 1920s – THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO ESTABLISH ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE WEST." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1 (49) (May 26, 2020): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-49-1-176-186.
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The article analyzes the use of concessions to attract foreign capital and technology in an almost complete economic blockade because of the revolution and civil war, as well as the fact that the revolution in other foreign countries has not
occured. The article indicates particular regulations in the procedure for the infusion of foreign concessions into Soviet Russia. In addition, the paper points out how this
process gradually developed, as well as what problems arose for western investors in the course of investing their capital in the country. The author shows particular industries that mostly used foreign capital, names donor countries, and provides statistical data on the number of applications for the opening of concessional filed by foreign investors. The paper provides examples of specific concessions. The author draws attention
to the careful selection of concessionaires, states the principles of concessions’ operation in terms of planned and command economy. The original literature of the 1920s is used in the article. The aticle defines the concessions’ place and
role in the Russian economy. The author points out that the questions arising between the Soviet power
and foreign investors concern price policy and employed workers’ compensation that, however, was not typical of all concessions. Moreover, the article provides statistical data concerning the number of contracts concluded in the main sectors of
the economy and the benefit it brought to the economy, as well as the number of citizens of Soviet Russia involved in the economic activities of foreign concessions.
The author makes a conclusion that the state policy of concessions was a forced measure aimed at improving the state economic development by attracting foreign capital and technology.
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Iveković, Rada. "Coincidences of Comparison." Hypatia 15, no. 4 (2000): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2000.tb00364.x.
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Rada Iveković reflects on the significance of modernity in contemporary Indian philosophy. Where the orient has been figured as the other for western philosophers, she asks how Indian philosophy depicts the west, how philosophers such as Kant have been interpreted, and how thematics such as pluralism, tolerance, relativity, innovation, and curiosity about the foreign have been figured in both ancient and contemporary Indian philosophy. While working on the western side with such authors as Lyotard, Deleuze, Serres, or Irigaray, Iveković doesn't exactly indulge in comparative philosophy. Rather, she tries to make the most of the existing “coincidences,” using both western and Asian thought in order to open a new area for the production of concepts and a new field for philosophy in general.
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Bruchhausen, Walter. "Between Foreign Politics and Humanitarian Neutrality: Medical Emergency Aid by the Two German States before 1970." Social History of Medicine 32, no. 4 (April 9, 2018): 819–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky019.
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Summary During the armed conflicts of decolonisation in Korea, Vietnam and the Congo in the 1950 s and 1960 s, both German states joined the competition between East and West by sending medical teams to conduct aid work. West German numerical advantages in funds and available staff were countered by East German governmental command of human resources and productive capacities such as the pharmaceutical industry. As a result, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) preferred shorter stays and the supply of large amounts of equipment and materials whereas the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) instead commissioned teams of NGOs for several years and financed whole facilities. Ideological or even distorted interpretation of facts was more obvious in the East, opposition of health workers to the official line of their respective governments in the West. The FRG also introduced a distinction between neutral humanitarian and politically interested development aid whereas for the GDR all work was solidarity with socialist or liberated countries.
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Bhattacharjee, Rupak. "The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Overseas Indian Migrant Workers’ Crisis: Impacts on Polity and Foreign Policy." Journal of Migration Affairs 3, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36931/jma.2020.3.2.20-37.
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Bhattacharjee, Rupak. "The Coronavirus Pandemic and the Overseas Indian Migrant Workers’ Crisis: Impacts on Polity and Foreign Policy." Journal of Migration Affairs 3, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36931/jma.2021.3.2.20-37.
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Vanina, E. Yu. "FOREIGN SERVANTS IN AN INDIAN PRINCELY STATE BHOPAL (19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 3 (13) (2020): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-3-151-163.
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Bhopal, one of the ‘princely states’ and vassals of the British Empire (Central India), enjoyed special favour with its sovereign. Throughout a century, it was ruled by four generations of women who gained themselves, in India and outside, the reputation of enlightened and benevolent monarchs. Archival documents and memoirs allow glancing at the hitherto hidden world of domestic servants who not only ensured the comfortable and luxurious life of the princely family, but its high status too, both for fellow Indians and for British colonial administrators. Among the numerous servants employed by the Bhopal rulers, freely hired local residents prevailed. However, the natives of some other countries, quite far from India, were conspicuous as well: the article highlights West Europeans, Georgians and Africans (“Ethiopians”). In the princely household, foreign servants performed various functions. While British butlers and Irish or German nannies and governesses demonstrated the ruling family` s “Westernized” lifestyle, Georgian maids and African lackeys showcased the affluence and might of the Bhopal queens. Some foreign servants came to Bhopal by force: the reputation of ‘progressive’ was no obstacle for the Bhopal queens to use slave labour. When such cases became public, the British authorities responded with mild reproaches: condemning slavery, they nevertheless loathed any discord with their trusted vassals.
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ROY, TIRTHANKAR. "Sardars, Jobbers, Kanganies: The Labour Contractor and Indian Economic History." Modern Asian Studies 42, no. 5 (September 2008): 971–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003071.
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AbstractA figure in part a foreman, in part a headman, and in part a recruiting contractor, formed an indispensable part of labour organization in mills, mines, ports and plantations in nineteenth-century India, and in the tropical colonies where Indian emigrants went for work. Historians have explained the presence of such a figure by the needs of capital for intermediaries, or needs of labour for familiar relationships in an unfamiliar environment. The significance of the labour agent for economic history, however, seems to go beyond these needs. The universal presence of a worker who embodied a variable blend of roles prompts several larger questions. Was the labour agent an institutional response to an economic problem? Were modern forms of agency rooted in older modes of labour organization? The scholarship discussed the gains for employers. Were there costs too? This paper is a preliminary attempt at framing these larger issues. I suggest here that the agent had roots in the traditional economy, and represented an incorporation of putting out and the authority of the headman inside modern work sites, and that this incorporation of traditional authority in a modern setting gave rise to contradictions.