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Journal articles on the topic 'West Iranian languages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Cathcart, Chundra Aroor. "Degrees of Irregular Change." Language Dynamics and Change 5, no. 2 (2015): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00501006.

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This paper employs a quantitative model of irregular sound change to investigate whether West Iranian languages have developed formally similar functional items via parallelism or via contact. I analyze etymologically related functional items in two Middle and eight New West Iranian languages, comparing observed forms to expected outcomes of these forms on the basis of purely regular sound change. A quantitative model is used to measure the distance between the observed and expected forms across West Iranian, particularly with respect to New Persian. I find that, while most New West Iranian la

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Avchyan, Hakob. "Enclitic Pronouns In The Anbarāni Dialect Of Talyshi." BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52837/27382702-2022.1-129.

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Enclitic pronouns are used in most of New West Iranian languages. They are mainly used for marking the possessor, as well as objects, besides, those Iranian languages and dialects, which show ergative patterns, make use of enclitic pronouns for marking the agent in ergative constructions. This paper deals with the enclitic pronouns and their functions in Anbarāni, one of the Northern Talyshi dialects, spoken in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Where it is possible the features of Anbarāni enclitics will be compared with some other West Iranian languages.

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Mohammadirad, Masoud, and Pollet Samvelian. "Procliticization as a residual of second positioning: evidence from West Iranian languages." Folia Linguistica 55, s42-s2 (2021): 291–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2021-2024.

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Abstract Person clitics show proclitic attachment in some West Iranian languages. Nevertheless, most of the literature has continued to focus on enclitics. This paper provides evidence that a good number of modern languages have developed proclitics, presumably from the middle Iranian period onward. Using synchronic data from modern languages gathered in the field, and contrasting it with the Middle Iranian period and current clausal second-position clitic systems, we develop some hypotheses regarding the rise of proclitics in modern languages. We argue that proclitic attachment has resulted f

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Vydrin, Arsenij. "Ossetic verbal paradigms in a cross-linguistic perspective." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 2 (2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2023.2.89-113.

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The article discusses Ossetic verbal paradigms. Ossetic data is compared with the data of other New Iranian languages (both East and West Iranian). The study is based on the synchronic approach. Ossetic verb has a number of features atypical of other New Iranian languages — in particular, morphological Future, Impersonal, morphological transitivity, and special forms for the third person Imperative. The person-number endings play a key role in the formation of the tense and mood forms in Ossetic. On the contrary, in other New Iranian languages, verbal roots or special affixes perform the main

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Bubenik, Vit, and Leila Ziamajidi. "Restructuring of the Iranian tense/aspect/mood system." Lingua Posnaniensis 60, no. 2 (2018): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2018-0013.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to outline the fundamental grammaticalization and degrammat(icalizat)ion processes observable in the restructuring of the tense/aspect/mood systems of the West Iranian languages during their historical development. Their core aspectual systems will be presented as consisting of three categories: Imperfective, Perfective and Perfect. Special attention will be paid to the rise of the analytic Perfect in Middle Persian and its further development in Early New Persian and other West Iranian languages. It will be shown that the degrammation of the copula played

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Anonby, Erik John. "Update on Luri: How many languages?" Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 13, no. 2 (2003): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186303003067.

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AbstractLuri is an Indo-Iranian language cluster with over four million speakers. The Luri ethnic area is found in southwestern Iran and southeastern Iraq, although smaller numbers of speakers have emigrated to elsewhere in Asia and a number of cities in the West.

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Edelman, Joy. "On areal variations in semantics in the history of the vocabulary of East Iranian languages." Rodnoy Yazyk. Linguistic journal, no. 1 (June 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2313-5816-2024-1-5-15.

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The historical Indo-Iranian lexicon of the Central Asian linguistic area reveals interesting semantic facts that force us to re-consider the etymological sources of words derived from a single Indo-European root. The present article examines a group of East Iranian words that go back to a single Proto-Iranian root, but at the same time exhibit meanings in the Central Asian area that allow for a new se‑ mantic interpretation of this root. Under consideration is the Proto-Iranian root *u̯ arź-, tentatively reconstructed as meaning ‘to act, to do; to work; to make efforts; to be strong, active’.

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Kulikov, Leonid. "Indo-Iranian gandharvá- and its (non-)Indo-European relatives: Comparative mythological notes." Rodnoy Yazyk. Linguistic journal, no. 1 (June 2021): 256–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2313-5816-2021-1-256-277.

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This article focuses on the etymology of Indo-Iranian gandharvá- and possible related words outside Indo-Iranian languages. Even though the old comparison of Skt. gandharvá- and Gr. κένταυρος is phonologically untenable and cannot bring us to any reconstructable Proto-Indo-European form, their phonetic similarity should not be neglected or considered accidental and is furthermore corroborated by evidence from comparative mythology. It seems very likely that both words were borrowed from some Near Eastern non-Indo-European language, possibly Kassite or a related language, being perhaps eventual

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9

Buyaner, David B. "Über zwei Akkadismen im Iranischen: Iranica mutuata I." Iran and the Caucasus 20, no. 1 (2016): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20160106.

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The paper deals with two Middle West-Iranian lexemes, namely <pcyn'> ‘copy, replica’ and <pʾt(y)hštl(y)> ‘contract’, borrowed into some adjacent languages, such as Classical Armenian and Aramaic. The existing explanations are reviewed, and a new etymology for either word is suggested on the basis of Akkadian source forms, namely šiknu(m) ‘original’ and šiṭru(m) ‘written document’ respectively, built in the same Iranian morphological pattern. For the first lexeme the transcription paččīn instead of the commonly accepted *pačēn is proposed, and the phonetics of the range of the loan

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Mohammed, Khalid Mahmood. "Degree of Lexical Similarity between English and Kurdish." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 05, no. 10 (2022): 4476–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7740245.

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Indo-European languages are the native languages of the habitants of south and west Eurasia. It is the largest spoken language family in the world with 3.5 billion speakers, corresponding to 46% of the world population. Kurdish and English are genetically related, belong to the same family branch of languages, and are believed to have evolved from a common proto-language. Lexical Similarity measures the similarity and/or difference between a set of words from any given two languages. Despite the abundance of lexical similarity coefficients between various world languages in the literature, the

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Hock, Hans Heinrich. "The Steppes, Anatolia, India? Migration, Archaeology, Genomes, and Indo-European." Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2, no. 4 (2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/jala.v2-i4-a1.

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Around 1000 BC, Indo-European languages were distributed over a wide area, from Xinjiang and India to Ireland and Anatolia (Map 1). Historical-comparative linguists generally assume that the original homeland of the languages must have been smaller and that the later distribution must have resulted from migrations. Early hypotheses, placing the original home in Southwest, South or Central Asia, were based on Bible-based historical perspectives that place the post-deluge cradle near the Iranian high plateau, or on preconceived notions such as the idea that Sanskrit was the ancestor of other Ind

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Safari, Parvin, and Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo. "An Exploration of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions on the Globalization and Hegemony of English." Qualitative Research in Education 5, no. 2 (2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2016.1797.

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Globalization as an increasingly influencing force has led English language to become the lingua franca of the world. However, the global spread of English is considered as linguistic and cultural imperialism of English speaking countries to exert their dominance, power, culture, ideology and language over the periphery countries. The devastating consequence of this hegemony, according to Canagarajah (2005) can be putting learners in danger of losing their languages, cultures, and identities, giving rise to the devaluation of their local knowledge and cultures. Here, the researchers administ i

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Mustafabeili, A. M. "Iran - Global South, Global East: Security, Cooperation ." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 1 (January 27, 2025): 22–35. https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2501-03.

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The Global South and the Global East or the World majority of states is multidimensional and diverse in terms of population, climate and economic characteristics, natural resources, levels of socio-economic development, state structure, domestic and foreign policy. The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), as a rule, fi nds common diplomatic, political and economic languages with each of these countries, of course, from among those that are of interest to it. Tehran, at the same time, takes into account the closeness or unity of the approaches of most of them with the Iranian ones in terms of opposi

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Nunzia, Cimmino. "«A glimpse of that other world». Il mito della letteratura occidentale in Azar Nafisi e Dai Sijie." Aura, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10726244.

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In the panorama of contemporary fiction, the so-called “writers in transit,” those who live between two or more countries and express themselves in languages different than their mother tongue, and who by this reason are particularly suited to be studied from a comparative perspective, are becoming increasingly important. The article focuses around two novels. The first is <em>Reading Lolita in Tehran</em> by Azar Nafisi, an Iranian-American writer who, following the events of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, decides to abandon her university teaching and to hold a seminar pr

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15

Ali, Khurshid, and Fatima Tuz Zahra. "Unstable Bilingualism between Hindko and Pashto in Hazar." CARC Research in Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2024): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58329/criss.v3i2.134.

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Hindko and Pashto languages belong to the Indo-European language family, belonging to subgroups Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian respectively. In North West Frontier Region Pashto and Hindko co-exist side by side, gaining numbers of bilingual speakers. But the bilingualism between these two languages is not of a stable nature. Survey-based research was conducted in five different localities across Hazara Division districts. Results from the statistics collected from five hundred bilinguals' questionnaires data provided the results of the research. The study provides substantial evidence in proof of

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Liljegren, Henrik, and Afsar Ali Khan. "Khowar." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47, no. 2 (2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000220.

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Khowar (ISO 639-3: khw) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 200,000–300,000 (Decker 1992: 31–32; Bashir 2003: 843) people in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (formerly North-West Frontier Province). The majority of the speakers are found in Chitral (a district and erstwhile princely state bordering Afghanistan, see Figure 1), where the language is used as a lingua franca, but there are also important pockets of speaker groups in adjacent areas of Gilgit-Baltistan and Swat District as well as a considerable number of recent migrants to larger cities such as Peshawar and Rawalpindi (Decker

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17

Karimi-Nia, Morteza. "Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 14, no. 1 (2012): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2012.0037.

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The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities a

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Parpola, Asko. "Location of the Uralic proto-language in the Kama River Valley and the Uralic speakers' Expansion east and west with the 'Sejma-Turbino transcultural phenomenon’ 2200-1900 BC." Археология Евразийских степей, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2022.2.258.277.

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Volgo-Kama Neolithic resulted from an expansion of the Elshan culture to Lower Kama c. 5700 BCE. Corresponding “Indo-Uralic” linguistic parallels attest to an expansion of pre-Proto-Indo-European speakers to the area of pre-Proto-Uralic speakers. This supports the evidence of linguistic palaeontology (Proto-Uralic words for ‘cembra pine’ and for ‘bee’ and ‘honey’) for the Kama River Valley as the Uralic homeland. Proto-Uralic had loanwords from pre-Proto-Indo-Iranian, whose speakers can now be traced to the Abashevo culture of 2200–2000 BCE: the Abashevo expansion from Lower Kama to the Ural-T

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Prokhorov, Kirill N. "Tonal Ezafe in Mombo." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 3 (2022): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.305.

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Tones are used in Mombo to distinguish between both lexical and grammatical meanings. As in other Dogon languages Mombo they play a crucial role in the NP, where syntactic relations are coded through the word order accompanied by tonal changes in nouns, adjectives, and numerals, occurring at the left edge of NP. The paper aims to describe the tonal marking of the lexical head and its dependents in Mombo as a manifestation of a grammatical category similar to construct state in Semitic or ezafe in Turkic and West Iranian. Ezafe in Mombo expresses the fact that the head has a dependent of a cert

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DEHQAN, MUSTAFA. "Zîn-ə Hördemîr: A Lekî Satirical Verse from Lekistan". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 18, № 3 (2008): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186308008523.

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With the exception of a minor mention, which Sharaf Khān (b.1543) made in theSharafnāma, the first information about the most southern group of Kurdish tribes in Iranian Kurdistan, the Lek, first became available to modern readers inBustān al-Sīyāḥa, a geographical and historical Persian text by Shīrwānī (1773–1832). These hitherto unknown Lek communities, were probably settled in north-western and northern Luristan, known as Lekistan, by order of Shāh ‘Abbās, who wished in this way to create some support for Ḥusayn Khān, thewālīof Luristan. Many of the centres of Lekî intellectual life in the

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Kulikova, O. I., and B. B. Abdusalamov. "ON THE PRINCIPLE OF THE MECHANISM OF ETHNIC GENEALOGY OF THE KHAZAR KING JOSEPH’S LETTER." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, no. 2 (2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13223-32.

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Interpretation of almost all the eponyms of Khazar King Joseph’s ethnic genealogy causes considerable difficulties. In this regard, O.A.Mudrak’s etymologization of these eponyms as well as the suggested principle of the mechanism of ethnic genealogy is of great interest. According to this researcher, all groups of the Khazar Khaganate population are presented in it, and presentation of their eponyms is given from west to east. However, this point of view provokes the following objections. Firstly, the given principle is clearly excessive for the letter of King Joseph, since all the main groups

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Albogachiev, Magomed Mikhailovich. "Ahokhiya and Akkin migrations in the XV-XVII centuries." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 2 (February 2025): 175–201. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2025.2.70633.

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The article examines the issue of migration routes to the upper reaches of the Yamansu and Yaryksu rivers of the Akkin people, an ethnographic group of modern Chechens, who are also known as Aukhovites. In the article lists of Russian embassies to Georgia of the XVI–XVII centuries, the eastern Akkins are mentioned under the names akochane, okoki, akozi, etc. According to a number of researchers, the self-name of the Aukh people of Aikkhiy is derived from their place of origin – the historical region of Akka in the upper reaches of the Gekhi River. The purpose of the article is to show, on the

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Kayam, Orly. "A rhetorical change that changed reality." Language and Dialogue 7, no. 2 (2017): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.7.2.02kay.

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Abstract This paper is the first to explore the development of Iranian rhetoric from former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to the current president Hassan Rouhani, in messages delivered to the international community. The study compares eight speeches given by Ahmadinejad at the UN, to two speeches given on the same platform by Rouhani. The speeches were explored by qualitative research of the prominent rhetorical strategies employed by each president, as well as by quantitative research of the frequently used words in each president’s speeches. The findings reveal a radical change in Iran’s rh

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Karimnia, Amin, and Fatemeh Mohammad Jafari. "A sociological analysis of moves in the formation of Iranian epitaphs." Semiotica 2019, no. 229 (2019): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0105.

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AbstractThis study investigated various manifestations of gravestone inscriptions to find different types of moves in the formation of such inscriptions in two Iranian social classes. The sample of the study included forty epitaphs in two shrines in the north and west of Tehran. Each epitaph was then photographed for analysis. Swales’ genre move model was used to analyze the data. The moves involved word choice, content, graphics, socio-cultural values, and written communicative practices. Considering socio-cultural factors characterizing the social classes, the results revealed four moves in

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Khomchenkova, Irina. "Ossetic comitative markers in intragenetic and areal perspective." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 6 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2023.6.67-102.

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The article is dedicated to the description of comitative markers in Ossetic. First, we compare the distribution of basic comitative markers (which are used in prototypical comitative contexts like ‘Alan went to the mountains with Soslan’) in Iron and Digor Ossetic (the case marker -imæ and the postposition xæccæ, respectively). It is demonstrated that their usage contexts are similar overall, with the exception of plural pronoun constructions and attributive constructions, where the Digor postposition xæccæ has limited use. Second, we analyze the preposition æd, which exists in both language

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Bakhtiar, Mohsen. "“Pour water where it burns”." Metaphor and the Social World 6, no. 1 (2016): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.6.1.05bak.

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While dysphemism has been extensively studied as a general phenomenon, there are not too many studies on how it is used in political discourse by top officials. This paper aims to examine the ways in which a sample of two high-level Iranian politicians offensively conceptualize their alleged enemies, namely the U.S., Israel, and the West, through conceptual metaphors and metonymies. A cognitive linguistic analysis of the speeches of Iran’s supreme leader and ex-president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad indicate that the selection of the metaphorical dysphemistic source domain is primarily determined by re

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Rahimi, Siamak. "Cultivating Iranian High School Students’ Writing Skills through Task-Based Language Teaching: A Mixed-Methods Study." Mextesol Journal 47, no. 1 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.61871/mj.v47n1-12.

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This mixed-methods study attempts to explore the effects of TBLT on the development of Iranian high school students’ writing skills. To this end, two entire classes were selected in Shahed high school in Borujerd City, Iran. The groups went through pre-test, intervention, post-test, and delayed post-test procedures. In addition, using a classroom observation checklist, the researchers checked how much of the TBLT tenets can be implemented in real classes, and a focus group interview was used to further investigate the students’ perceptions about the effectiveness of TBLT. The collected data we

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Rezaeinejad, Hamed, and Samira Sasani. "A Study of Language and Identity as Neocolonial Means in Firoozeh Dumas’ Funny in Farsi." k@ta 25, no. 2 (2023): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/kata.25.2.137-150.

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The phenomenon of migration, whether by choice or necessity, has shaped various spheres, giving rise to a corpus referred to as migrant literature. Many authors of this genre explore the sociopolitical contrasts between their current and native lands, sharing their experiences while sometimes allegedly concealing some aspects of the immigration process. This has sparked contentious debates that extend beyond the literary realm. Firoozeh Dumas’ well-known memoir, Funny in Farsi, humorously portrays the Iranian-American family’s journey through cultural disparities. In an attempt to reappraise t

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Endress, Gerhard. "The Language of Demonstration: Translating Science and the Formation of Terminology in Arabic Philosophy and Science." Early Science and Medicine 7, no. 3 (2002): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338202x00135.

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AbstractThe reception of the rational sciences, scientific practice, discourse and methodology into Arabic Islamic society proceeded in several stages of exchange with the transmitters of Iranian, Christian-Aramaic and Byzantine-Greek learning. Translation and the acquisition of knowledge from the Hellenistic heritage went hand in hand with a continuous refinement of the methods of linguistic transposition and the creation of a standardized technical language in Arabic: terminology, rhetoric, and the genres of instruction. Demonstration more geometrico, first introduced by the paradigmatic sci

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Kamelifar, Leila. "The Effect of Teaching Cohesive Devices on IELTS Writing Task 2 of Iranian Foreign Language Learners." Journal for the Study of English Linguistics 5, no. 1 (2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsel.v5i1.11749.

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Obtaining good scores in IELTS has become a concern for many foreign language learners throughout the world. Therefore, any relevant research to pave the way of applicants' achievement may be considered significant. This study deals with an indispensable element of IELTS writing tasks as teaching cohesive devices and it verifies the effect on writing performance of IELTS task 2. To this end, 30 participants at intermediate level took an IELTS test writing task 2 as the pretest. Then, they went under a 10 session treatment program to learn cohesive devices. At the end, they took a parallel form

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Kashkuli, Fateme Rasuli, Nasim Ghanbari, and Abbas Abbasi. "The Effect of Van Dijk Discourse Strategies on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Proficiency." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 4 (2016): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0604.20.

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This study tried to improve the writing proficiency of Iranian EFL students utilizing an innovative model through implementing and operationalizing the principles of critical discourse analysis which was introduced by Van Dijk’s (2000) well-known socio-cognitive model. To this end, 57 intermediate language learners studying English in language institutes for several years were selected as the participants of the study using a version of TOEFL test as the selected proficiency test. The included participants were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control—with 28 students in ex

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Othan, Eyyup. "Ahtar Gazetesinin İslam Dünyasındaki Başlıca Meselelere Yaklaşımının İncelenmesi." International Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 25 (2022): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.6.25.7.

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Abstract In this study, the approach of Ahtar newspaper to the main issues in the Islamic world has been considered from various angles. Akhtar newspaper has served as a bridge in the transfer of modern ideas and understandings to Iran and has influenced the Persian cultural basin. This influence has paved the way for the emergence of many developments in a wide geography. The Iranian legitimacy in the sense of Western democracy is the most typical example of this. Ahtar has been trying to convey to his readers the level reached by Western civilization since the moment he started publishing, a

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Vasilyev, Sergey D. "Туркмены в контексте региональной внешней политики в Центральной Азии первой половины XIX в." Oriental studies 14, № 4 (2021): 658–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-56-4-658-672.

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Introduction. The article examines the politics of Persia, the Russian Empire, Great Britain, and the Khiva Khanate in their relations with Turkmens in the west of the Central Asian region, with special attention given to the dynamics of Russian and Persian interaction on the issue of Turkmen’s territories in the first half of the 19th c. At the time, Turkmens, lacking any central organization, were a multitude of related and opposing clans, each of which strove to preserve its traditional way of life; their actions were concerted only during the periods of Persian aggression. The present arti

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Lekveishvili, Tamar. "DAGGERS OF TSULUKIDZE SATAVADO AS AN INDICATOR OF POLITICAL ORIENTATION (60-70S OF THE 17TH CENTURY)." Near East and Georgia 14 (December 15, 2022): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/neg/14/423-433.

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The Satavado of the Tsulukidzes was formed in the second half of the 15th century. Later, the number of their estates increased even more and by the second half of the 17th century, they also owned many villages in Racha (In Eastern Georgia). It was quite a wealthy and distinguished family. In the first half of the 17th century, the head of the Tsulukidze House may have been Kaikhosro, the successor of Davit Tsulukidze and His contemporary was Paata Tsulukidze. It is known from the history of Georgia that Paata Tsulukidze was “cursed” by King Giorgi III of Imereti (1604-1639). He confiscated h

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Overtoom, Nikolaus Leo. "The Parthians’ Failed Vassalage of Syria: The Shortsighted Western Policy of Phraates Ii and the Second Reign of Demetrius Ii (129–125 BCE)." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 60, no. 1-2 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2020.00003.

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SummaryBy 128 BCE the Parthians had emerged temporarily as the de facto leading power throughout the Hellenistic Middle East. Their defeat of Demetrius II’s invasion of Mesopotamia in 138 BCE had furthered their heated rivalry with the Seleucids; however, their destruction of Antiochus VII’s invasion of Mesopotamia and Media in 129 BCE finally ended the threat of the Seleucids to their eastern lands. For the first time in their history, the Parthians considered expanding their hegemony over Armenia, Syria, and the regions along the Eastern Mediterranean coast, thus firmly establishing their un

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Habibifar, Elnaz. "Traduire l’Ekphrasis. Le cas des Fleurs du mal de Baudelaire en Iran." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 48, no. 4 (2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2021.484.009.

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Cultural exchanges between Iran and France started over three centuries ago. In spite of the strong relationship between the two countries, some books such as Les Fleurs du mal (Flowers of Evil) went unnoticed in Iranian society. In addition to the literary value of the book, we propose to study ekphrasis in Baudelaire’s poems and its translation into Persian. Its meaning being that of a general description an artwork (imaginary or real), the term ekphrasis belongs to an interdisciplinary field of literature and art where the textual challenges we face may vary from one to another. To narrow d

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Ivkina, Natalia V., and Olga S. Chikrizova. "The “Shi‘a factor” in Nigeria’s Public and Political Life (1994-2020): Domestic and International Dimensions." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 3 (2022): 524–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.309.

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The article analyzes the influence of the Shi‘a factor on public and political life of Nigeria, the state in which the phenomenon of transformation of the religious (and more specifically, Islamic) field has been observed in the past few decades due to the growing diversity of movements and sects. In turn, the emergence of new communities contributes to the radicalization of the Islamist discourse in Nigeria and the exacerbation of intercommunal contradictions (between Sufis and Salafis, Salafis and Shiʻites). The authors identify the prerequisites and reasons for the growth in the number of f

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Ishchenko, Nikita S. "Opening of the Russian Consulate General in Khorasan in 1889. The Afghan Aspect." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015284-9.

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By the mid-1880s, Russia took over Central Asia and approached closely to the borders of Afghanistan. As a result of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880), Russia&apos;s southern neighbour assumed the status of a British protectorate and lost the right to an independent foreign policy. Against the backdrop of the ongoing Russian-British confrontation in Central Asia, Russian authorities felt an urgent need to obtain the reliable information on Afghanistan, but did not have an opportunity to send an envoy there and had to develop semi-legal intelligence activities and rely on the informat

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Raslan, Iman. "Cultural Globalization in Anne Tyler’s Digging to America." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 13, no. 1 (2012): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.13.1.10.

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At the turn of the twenty-first century, globalization becomes one of the most contested topics in literature. It not only brings about independence and integration of economic process but also makes a tremendous impact on the literary and cultural fields around the world. It helps in spreading the Western culture and beliefs. Moreover, it is specially linked to the rise of the American influence and Western hegemony. Emanating from Europe and the West, it is a theory of ‘Westernization’ replicating all the problems associated with ‘Eurocentrism’. The aim of this research paper is to explore t

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Paul, Ludwig. "West Iranian in historical perspective." Journal of Historical Linguistics, November 8, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.22034.pau.

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Abstract The development of the Persian definitive object marker -rā from Old Persian rādī through Middle Persian benefactive rāy has been established as a model grammaticalization process by Bossong (1985). His explanations on other modern Iranian languages, and their interplay in the historical development, have received far less research attention. This article offers a novel and comprehensive account of the historical development of -rā in West Iranian, from Old Persian up to approximately 20 New Iranian languages. Based on the semantic map model, it demonstrates that concerning -rā, most

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САТЦАЕВ, Э. Б., and E. B. SATTSAEV. "EVOLUTION OF THE GENDER IN THE IRANIAN LANGUAGES ." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 24(63) (July 7, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.23671/vnc.2017.63.9452.

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В статье исследуются вопросы эволюции категории рода в иранских языках. Особое внимание отводится исследованию западно- и восточноиранских языков в исторической перспективе. На основе широкого спектра лингвистических данных подробно описаны и охарактеризованы как общие черты, так и особенности грамматики языков иранской группы. Последняя входит в индоевропейскую языковую семью, представленную в настоя- щее время на обширном географическом пространстве. Наиболее многочисленной ветвью данной семьи является индоиранская, включающая в себя индоарийские и иранские языки, обособление которых началос

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Satzayev, E. B. "STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE PECULIARITIES OF THE BALUCHI POPULATION OF THE HISTORICAL REGION OF BALOCHISTAN." November 18, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1058957.

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Baluchis are one of the largest Iranian-speaking peoples. They inhabit a significant area in West Asia, historically called Balochistan. Balochs' ancestors originally lived in northern Iran on the south-eastern coast of the Caspian Sea. At present, Baluchis live in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Remains of the tribal organization have survived to the present day in Baloch. Most of this ethnos is engaged in agriculture. In Pakistan, Baluchi are considered to be a politically active ethnic group, which has a great influence on the policy of this state. The Baluchi language is included in the no

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Aida, Amirazodi. "Iranian Bazaars: The Illustration of Stable Thoughts." May 29, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1071760.

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"Bazaar" is a Persian word from the language of Iranians of 2500 years ago which has entered the languages of other countries. “Bazaar", the trading or marketing place with the architectural principles and concerns, was formed in Iran because of the long experience of marketing. This has become a valuable inheritance of Islamic ideological civilization and Iranian advanced architecture and a model of Islamic-marketing places with spectacular elements and parts, and the place for economical, social and cultural exchanges. “Bazaars" are found in cities of Iran and

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Ashrafi, Ali. "A Comparative Syntactic Typological Study of Iranian Languages: A case of Persian and Kurdish." International Journal of Linguistics and Computational Applications 8, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30726/ijlca/v8.i2.2021.82003.

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Iranian dialects are subgroups of Indo-Iranian dialects and are arranges dependent on their course of events and locale. All Iranian dialects of the center and current occasions have some normal highlights. The plain word request is generally action word last, and the time framework depends on two action word lines, present and past, no matter what. While the current stem proceeds with the Old Iranian present that was acquired straightforwardly from Indo-European, the previous stem depends on a participatory type of the action word finishing off with – ta. The Iranian dialects are probably goi

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Parpola, Asko. "Finnish vatsa ~ Sanskrit vatsá and the formation of Indo-Iranian and Uralic languages." Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2017, no. 96 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.70229.

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Finnish vatsa ‘stomach’ < PFU *vaćća < Proto-Indo-Aryan *vatsá- ‘calf’ < PIE *vet-(e)s-ó- ‘yearling’ contrasts with Finnish vasa- ‘calf’ < Proto-Iranian *vasa- ‘calf’. Indo-Aryan -ts- versus Iranian -s- reflects the divergent development of PIE *-tst- in the Iranian branch (> *-st-, with Greek and Balto-Slavic) and in the Indo-Aryan branch ( > *-tt-, probably due to Uralic substratum). The split of Indo-Iranian can be traced in the archaeological record to the differentiation of the Yamnaya culture in the North Pontic and Volga steppes respectively during the third millennium

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Bahrani, Nawal, and Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami. "Khuzestani Arabic." Journal of the International Phonetic Association, September 23, 2019, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100319000203.

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Khuzestani Arabic (ISO 639-3) is a minority language spoken in the southern west of Iran, in Khuzestan province (see Figure 1). The majority of its speakers live in Ahwaz, Howeyzeh, Bostan, Susangerd, Shush, Abadan, Khorramshahr, Shadegan, Hamidiyeh (Balawi &amp; Khezri 2014: 107), Karun, and Bawi. According to Blanc (1964: 6), this variety of Arabic is closely related to the Gelet subgroup of Mesopotamian dialects.1 This dialect is in contact with Bakhtiyari Lori and Persian (Iranian languages of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European language family), as well as Iraqi Arabic. The lexis

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"‘TO BE ABLE TO’ IN MODERN WEST IRANIAN LANGUAGES: INTRODUCING A MODAL CLAUSE." Dialectologia, no. 2022.29 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/dialectologia2022.29.7.

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Бесолова, Е. Б. "IGOR G. DOBRODOMOV AND THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE." Kavkaz-forum, no. 1(8) (March 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.23671/vnc.2020.8.58148.

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Статья посвящена вкладу доктора филологических наук, профессора Игоря Георгиевича Добродомова в исследование осетинского языка. Отмечается, что в ряде работ талантливого ученого даются содержательные этимологии аланизмов, заимствованных как русским, так и другими славянскими языками. Особый интерес вызывает освещение таких вопросов, как этимология, связанная с аланскими регулярными формами множественного числа хронология появления слов и различные версии их происхождения мотивировка гапакса семантическая и звуковая близость западнославянских форм и иранизмов связь иранского мира с западнославя

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Guha, Sumit. "Empires, Languages, and Scripts in the Perso-Indian World." Comparative Studies in Society and History, January 11, 2024, 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417523000439.

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Abstract Sociolinguists study the valorization of specific languages as a ‘language ideology’. Contemporary nation-states frequently identify with and promote specific languages. Such linguistic nationalism is a language ideology, but not the only one. This article examines earlier millennia to uncover the dynamics by which imperial systems managed linguistic diversity and how and why they favored and disfavored particular languages and scripts. I analyze states and empires as coalitions of interest groups. I invoke the scribal masters of imperial chanceries and archives as one such group. I d

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Choudhury GM, Al Kafil. "Hajong- A Study in Relation to Assamese and Bengali." Volume-1: Issue-1 (November, 2018) 1, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.1.1.3.

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Hajong is a language used by the ethnic tribe called Hajong living in the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and West Bengal in India and the Mymensing district in Bangladesh. The Hajong language belongs to the Indo Aryan (IA) family of language. As per the Ethnologue, Hajong is classified as Indo-European > Indo- Iranian > Indo- Aryan > Eastern zone > Bengali- Assamese. The Hajong language used by the Hajong people today may be considered as a mixture of Assamese and Bengali (involving different dialects of these languages). The Hajongs of Assam are seen to use a mixtur

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