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Journal articles on the topic 'Western Alps'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

Kvam, Augusta I., Rooyen T. Mavenyengwa, Andreas Radtke, and Johan A. Maeland. "Streptococcus agalactiae Alpha-Like Protein 1 Possesses Both Cross-Reacting and Alp1-Specific Epitopes." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 8 (June 8, 2011): 1365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05005-11.

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ABSTRACTMost isolates of group B streptococci (GBS) express an alpha-like protein (Alp), Cα (encoded bybca), Alp1 (also called epsilon;alp1), Alp2 (alp2), Alp3 (alp3), Alp4 (alp4), or R4/Rib (rib). These proteins are chimeras with a mosaic structure and with antigenic determinants with variable immunological cross-reactivities between the Alps, including Alp1 and Cα cross-reactivity. This study focused on antigenic domains of Alp1, studied by using rabbit antisera in immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based tests and whole cells of GBS or trypsin-extracted and partially purified antigens from the strains A909 (serotype Ia/Cα, Cβ) and 335 (Ia/Alp1). Alp1 and Cα shared an antigenic determinant, Alp1/Cα common, not harbored by other Alps, probably located in the Alp1 and Cα repeat units, as these units are nearly identical in genomic sequence. An antigenic Alp1 determinant was Alp1 specific and was most likely located in the N-terminal unit of Alp1 in which an Alp1-specific primer site for PCR is also located. In addition, Alp1 possessed a domain with low immunogenicity which cross-reacted immunologically with Alp2 and Alp3, with unknown location in Alp1. Alp1 was partially degraded by trypsin during antigen extraction but with the antigenic domains preserved. The results indicate that Cα and Alp1 are immunologically related in the same manner that R4 (Rib) and Alp3 are related. The domain called Alp1 specific should be important in GBS serotyping as a surface-anchored serosubtype marker. The Alp1/Cα common determinant may be of prime interest as an immunogenic domain in a GBS vaccine.

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2

Michl, Thomas, Stefan Huck, Peter Haase, and Burkhard Büdel. "Genetic Differentiation among Populations of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallroth (Asteraceae) in the Western Alps." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2007): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-9-1019.

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In this study we analyzed the genetic population structure of the hygrophilous tall-herb Cicerbita alpina in the western Alps because this group of mountain plants is underrepresented in the biogeographical literature. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprints of 40 samples were analyzed from four populations situated in a transect from the southwestern Alps to the eastern part of the western Alps and one population from the Black Forest outside the Alps. Two genetic groups can be distinguished. The first group (A) comprises the populations from the northern and eastern parts of the western Alps, and the second group (B) comprises the populations from the southwestern Alps and the Black Forest. Group A originates most likely from at least one refugium in the southern piedmont regions of the Alps. This result provides molecular evidence for a humid climate at the southern margin of the Alps during the Würm glaciation. Group B originates presumably from western or northern direction and we discuss two possible scenarios for the colonization of the Alps, i. e. (1) long-distance dispersal from southwestern refugia and (2) colonization from nearby refugia in the western and/or northern Alpine forelands. The study demonstrates that the target species harbours considerable genetic diversity, even on a regional scale, and therefore is a suitable model for phylogeographic research.

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3

Perrone, G., P. Cadoppi, S. Tallone, and G. Balestro. "Post-collisional tectonics in the Northern Cottian Alps (Italian Western Alps)." International Journal of Earth Sciences 100, no. 6 (April 2, 2010): 1349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0534-1.

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4

Carrapa, Barbara, Jan Wijbrans, and Giovanni Bertotti. "Episodic exhumation in the Western Alps." Geology 31, no. 7 (2003): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0601:eeitwa>2.0.co;2.

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5

Ricou, L. E., and A. W. B. Siddans. "Collision tectonics in the Western Alps." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 19, no. 1 (1986): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.019.01.13.

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6

Gillet, Ph, P. Choukroune, M. Ballèvre, and Ph Davy. "Thickening history of the Western Alps." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 78, no. 1 (May 1986): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(86)90171-8.

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7

Nguyen, Hai Ninh, Philippe Vernant, Stephane Mazzotti, Giorgi Khazaradze, and Eva Asensio. "3-D GPS velocity field and its implications on the present-day post-orogenic deformation of the Western Alps and Pyrenees." Solid Earth 7, no. 5 (September 21, 2016): 1349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1349-2016.

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Abstract. We present a new 3-D GPS velocity solution for 182 sites for the region encompassing the Western Alps, Pyrenees, and southern France. The velocity field is based on a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solution, to which we apply a common-mode filter, defined by the 26 longest time series, in order to correct for network-wide biases (reference frame, unmodeled large-scale processes, etc.). We show that processing parameters, such as troposphere delay modeling, can lead to systematic velocity variations of 0.1–0.5 mm yr−1 affecting both accuracy and precision, especially for short (< 5 years) time series. A velocity convergence analysis shows that minimum time-series lengths of ∼ 3 and ∼ 5.5 years are required to reach a velocity stability of 0.5 mm yr−1 in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. On average, horizontal residual velocities show a stability of ∼ 0.2 mm yr−1 in the Western Alps, Pyrenees, and southern France. The only significant horizontal strain rate signal is in the western Pyrenees with up to 4 × 10−9 yr−1 NNE–SSW extension, whereas no significant strain rates are detected in the Western Alps (< 1 × 10−9 yr−1). In contrast, we identify significant uplift rates up to 2 mm yr−1 in the Western Alps but not in the Pyrenees (0.1 ± 0.2 mm yr−1). A correlation between site elevations and fast uplift rates in the northern part of the Western Alps, in the region of the Würmian ice cap, suggests that part of this uplift is induced by postglacial rebound. The very slow uplift rates in the southern Western Alps and in the Pyrenees could be accounted for by erosion-induced rebound.

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8

Winterle, Alberto. "Leggere le Alpi / Reading the Alps." Regionalità e produzione architettonica contemporanea nelle Alpi, no. 1 ns, november 2018 (November 15, 2018): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/aa1801v.

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Living a place means first of all reading it, understanding it, assimilating it. This is even more evident in the case of a particular natural environment where the possibilities of land use are limited. Looking at a map of the Alps, it becomes clear how the morphology has conditioned the methods of settlement and exploitation of the places. In an attempt to read and interpret the transformation of the Alpine territories, the Architetti Arco Alpino association has initiated a review of projects, from which it emerges that today there exist very different cultural, political, social and economic contexts. The result are two almost opposite phenomena. In some places the mountains have been abandoned, which has led to the risk of losing their important architectural heritage. The interventions are therefore aimed at enhancing the existing structures and constructing new buildings capable of becoming a reference for the redevelopment of entire villages. In other places, a harmonic balance between human presence and territory has been largely exceeded. Here, the objective is to put a stop to further land development, aiming to enhance the quality of the existing buildings and implementing an aesthetic and formal research that is capable of becoming an economic value and an element of cultural identification. Taking into account the various “cultural horizons” and reference regions, it becomes clear that South Tyrol has historically maintained close ties with North Tyrol and the neighbouring Swiss cantons. Contemporary architecture is commonly seen as an asset today, not only among experts, but also among the general population. On the other hand, the relations with Austria’s and Slovenia’s Eastern Alpine territories have less effect. The research seems to be the work of a limited number of professionals. In the Western Alps, cross-border relations with France and Switzerland have a stronger cultural and linguistic root, but perhaps the presence of large massifs difficult to cross has prevented a closer relationship and a dissemination of common construction methods. Crossing national and international administrative boundaries, the Alps can continue to be a place of passage, of confrontation and of cultural, linguistic, economic and also architectural exchange.

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9

Pšenička, Josef, Stanislav Opluštil, Ausonio Ronchi, and Zbyněk Šimůnek. "Revision of the Pennsylvanian Flora from Val Sanagra in Western Part of the Southern Alps (Italy)." Folia Musei rerum naturalium Bohemiae occidentalis. Geologica et Paleobiologica 46, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2012): 31–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fbgp-2013-0003.

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Abstract The Pennsylvanian flora from the Alpe Logone/Val Sanagra locality in the Western Lombardy (Southern Alps, Italy) last underwent a taxonomic study in the mid 20th century. The main problem is generally poor preservation of the plant remains, which makes their identification problematic. Despite this, the authors have identified 43 fossil species from this locality. Based on the sedimentary context of this paleoflora, we assume that the Val Sanagra sediments were deposited in a continental setting, in a fluvial environment with a well-developed and vegetated floodplain where where clastic substrates would locally and occasionally change into peat swamp. The common presence of rhytidolepis and sub-rhytidolepis sigillarias, as well of Eusphenopteris neuropteroides, Lobatopteris miltonii, Mariopteris latifolia, Paripteris linguaefolia, Pecopteris microphylla, Alethopteris sp. (cf. grandinii) indicates that the flora from the Val Sanagra locality spans the interval between the Duckmantian and Bolsovian (middle Moscovian), and thus represents one of the oldest Pennsylvanian floras of the Southern Alps.

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10

Carcaillet, Christopher, and Olivier Blarquez. "Glacial refugia in the south‐western Alps?" New Phytologist 222, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15673.

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11

Compagnoni, Roberto. "HP metamorphic belt of the western Alps." Episodes 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2003/v26i3/008.

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12

Morasca, Paola, Luca Malagnini, Aybige Akinci, Daniele Spallarossa, and R. B. Herrmann. "Ground-Motion Scaling in the Western Alps." Journal of Seismology 10, no. 3 (October 10, 2006): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-006-9019-x.

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13

Escher, Arthur, Henri Masson, and Albrecht Steck. "Nappe geometry in the Western Swiss Alps." Journal of Structural Geology 15, no. 3-5 (March 1993): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(93)90144-y.

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14

Bellahsen, N., F. Mouthereau, A. Boutoux, M. Bellanger, O. Lacombe, L. Jolivet, and Y. Rolland. "Collision kinematics in the western external Alps." Tectonics 33, no. 6 (June 2014): 1055–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013tc003453.

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15

Dakskobler, Igor, and Andrej Seliškar. "Phytosociological description of hay meadows with dominating Trisetum flavescens in the lower montane belt of north-western and western Slovenia." Acta Biologica Slovenica 58, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.58.2.15610.

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We conducted a phytosociological study into hay meadows on former fields on original sites of beech forests form the alliance Aremonio-Fagion in the lower montane belt of the northwestern and western Slovenia (southern Julian Alps, northern part of the Dinaric Alps) and compared them to similar, previously described meadows in Slovenia and northwestern Italy. Based on this comparison they are classified into the new association Rhinantho freynii-Trisetetum flavescentis and new habitat type, southeastern-Alpine-northern-Illyrian lower montane hay meadows – 38.239-S1.

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16

Splendiani, Andrea, Patrick Berrebi, Christelle Tougard, Tommaso Righi, Nathalie Reynaud, Tatiana Fioravanti, Paolo Lo Conte, et al. "The role of the south-western Alps as a unidirectional corridor for Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo trutta complex) lineages." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa125.

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Abstract The role of the south-western Alps as a corridor for Mediterranean trout (Salmo trutta complex Linnaeus, 1758) was evaluated in order to understand the influence of the last glacial events in shaping the spatial distribution of the genetic diversity of this salmonid. For this, the allochthonous hypothesis of a man-mediated French origin (19th century) of the Mediterranean trout inhabiting the Po tributaries in the Italian side of the south-western Alps was tested. A total of 412 individuals were analysed at the mitochondrial control region. The phylogenetic classification was carried out by using a Median-Joining Network analysis. Mismatch pair-wise analysis, molecular dating and Kernel density distribution analysis of the main mitochondrial lineages were evaluated to compare past demographic dynamics with the current spatial distribution of genetic diversity. The main outcomes resulted strongly in agreement with a biogeographic scenario where the south-western Alps acted as a unidirectional corridor that permitted the colonization of the upper Durance (Rhône River basin) by trout from the Po River basin. Therefore, the Mediterranean trout should be considered as native also along the Italian side of the south-western Alps and the allochthonous hypothesis should be rejected.

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17

Piana, Fabrizio, Luca Barale, Carlo Bertok, Anna d’Atri, Andrea Irace, and Pietro Mosca. "The Alps-Apennines Interference Zone: A Perspective from the Maritime and Western Ligurian Alps." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050185.

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In SW Piemonte the Western Alps arc ends off in a narrow, E-W trending zone, where some geological domains of the Alps converged. Based on a critical review of available data, integrated with new field data, it is concluded that the southern termination of Western Alps recorded the Oligocene-Miocene activity of a regional transfer zone (southwestern Alps Transfer, SWAT) already postulated in the literature, which should have allowed, since early Oligocene, the westward indentation of Adria, while the regional shortening of SW Alps and tectonic transport toward the SSW (Dauphinois foreland) was continuing. This transfer zone corresponds to a system of deformation units and km-scale shear zones (Gardetta-Viozene Zone, GVZ). The GVZ/SWAT developed externally to the Penninic Front (PF), here corresponding to the Internal Briançonnais Front (IBF), which separates the Internal Briançonnais domain, affected by major tectono-metamorphic transformations, from the External Briançonnais, subjected only to anchizonal metamorphic conditions. The postcollisional evolution of the SW Alps axial belt units was recorded by the Oligocene to Miocene inner syn-orogenic basin (Tertiary Piemonte Basin, TPB), which rests also on the Ligurian units stacked within the adjoining Apennines belt in southern Piemonte. The TPB successions were controlled by transpressive faults propagating (to E and NE) from the previously formed Alpine belt, as well as by the Apennine thrusts that were progressively stacking the Ligurian units, resting on the subducting Adriatic continental margin, with the TPB units themselves. This allows correlation between Alps and Apennines kinematics, in terms of age of the main geologic events, interference between the main structural systems and tectonic control exerted by both tectonic belts on the same syn-orogenic basin.

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18

Perrone, Gianluigi, Elena Eva, Stefano Solarino, Paola Cadoppi, Gianni Balestro, Gianfranco Fioraso, and Sergio Tallone. "Seismotectonic investigations in the inner Cottian Alps (Italian Western Alps): An integrated approach." Tectonophysics 496, no. 1-4 (December 2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2010.09.009.

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19

Sabovljevic, M. "Contribution to knowledge of the bryophyte flora of the western Alps (Italy, France)." Archives of Biological Sciences 58, no. 1 (2006): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0601061s.

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The study is a contribution to knowledge of the bryophyte flora of the Alps. The huge bryophyte collection made during 1997 in the Western Alps is presented. A total of 152 bryophyte species were recorded, including 113 mosses and 39 hepatics.

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20

Molinari-Jobin, A., F. ZIMMERMANN, Ch ANGST, Ch BREITENMOSER-WÜRSTEN, S. CAPT, and U. BREITENMOSER. "Status and distribution of the lynx in the Swiss Alps 2000–2004." Acta Biologica Slovenica 49, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.49.1.13528.

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To evaluate the 2000–2004 status of lynx in the Swiss Alps, we outlined the trend within the large carnivore management compartments and estimated the number of lynx present. Throughout Switzerland all reports of lynx signs of presence were collected and classiﬁed according to their reliability. From 2000–2004, more than 2000 signs of lynx presence were recorded from the Swiss Alps. The trend of the conﬁrmed records collected over all of Switzerland showed that (1) the lynx population in the North-western Alps decreased compared to the previous pen- tad but nevertheless this compartment remained the area with the highest lynx density within Switzerland, (2) in the Valaisand Central Switzerland West the trend is slightly positive, (3) due to the translocation project, the distribution of lynx in the Swiss Alps has considerably increased and (4) that there is still good lynx habitat yet to be colonised in the Swiss Alps. To estimate the number of lynx, we used ﬁndings from systematic camera trap sessions and a radio-telemetry study as well as our expert guess. We estimated the number of lynx in 2004 at 60–90 individuals. Compared to the previous pentad, when the number of lynx in the Swiss Alps was estimated at 70, the number of lynx remained fairly stable. An expansion in the total distribution was compensated for by a decrease in the North-western Alps.

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21

Lardeaux, Jean-Marc. "Deciphering orogeny: a metamorphic perspective. Examples from European Alpine and Variscan belts." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 185, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.2.93.

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AbstractIn this paper we review and discuss, in a synthetic historical way, the main results obtained on Alpine metamorphism in the western Alps. First, we describe the finite metamorphic architecture of the western Alps and discuss its relationships with subduction and collision processes. Second, we portray the progressive metamorphic evolution through time and space with the presentation of 5 metamorphic maps corresponding to critical orogenic periods, namely 85-65 Ma, 60-50 Ma, 48-40 Ma, 38-33 Ma and 30-20 Ma. We underline the lack of temporal data on high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic rocks as well as the severe uncertainties on the sizes of rock units that have recorded the same metamorphic history (i.e. coherent P-T-t/deformation trajectories). We discuss the role of subduction-driven metamorphism in ocean-derived protoliths and the conflicting models that account for the diachrony of continental subductions in the western Alps.

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22

Diem, Aubrey. "Environmental degradation in the Alps of Western Europe." Le Globe. Revue genevoise de géographie 125, no. 1 (1985): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/globe.1985.1202.

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23

Parolini, Marco, Diego Antonioli, Franco Borgogno, Maria Cristina Gibellino, Jacopo Fresta, Carlo Albonico, Beatrice De Felice, et al. "Microplastic Contamination in Snow from Western Italian Alps." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020768.

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Recent studies have documented the presence of microplastics (MPs) in remote areas, including soils or sediments collected in mountain and glacier environments, but information on their presence in snow is scant. The present study aimed at exploring the presence of MPs in residual snow collected in four locations of the Aosta Valley (Western Italian Alps), with different accessibility and human presence. Overall, the µ-FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of 18 MPs in snow, 7 (39%) items were fibres, while 11 (61%) were fragments. Polyethylene (PE; 7 MPs) was the main polymer, followed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET; 3 MPs), high density PE (HDPE; 3 MPs), polyester (2 MPs), while only 1 MP made by low density PE, polypropylene and polyurethane were found. The mean (± SE) concentration of MPs in snow ranged between 0.39 ± 0.39 MPs/L and 4.91 ± 2.48 MPs/L, with a mean of 2.32 ± 0.96 MPs/L for the sampling locations. The concentration of MPs did not statistically differ among locations. Our results suggest that MPs presence in high-mountain ecosystems might depend on deposition through atmospheric precipitations or local sources due to human activities. For these reasons, policies aiming at reducing plastic use and dispersal in mountain areas may be effective in preventing local MP contamination.

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24

Cavaglion, Alberto. "Foreign Jews in the western Alps (1938 – 43)." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 10, no. 4 (December 2005): 426–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545710500314645.

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25

Fry, N. "Southwestward thrusting and tectonics of the western Alps." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 45, no. 1 (1989): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.045.01.05.

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26

COMPAGNONI, R., and G. B. PICCARDO. "High-pressure metamorphism in the Western Alps: introduction." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, no. 1 (January 1991): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00500.x.

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27

Vezzoli, Giovanni, Eduardo Garzanti, and Stefano Monguzzi. "Erosion in the Western Alps (Dora Baltea basin)." Sedimentary Geology 171, no. 1-4 (October 2004): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.05.017.

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Vezzoli, Giovanni. "Erosion in the Western Alps (Dora Baltea Basin)." Sedimentary Geology 171, no. 1-4 (October 2004): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.05.018.

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29

Chery, J., C. Vigny, B. Meyer, G. Ferhat, M. Anzidei, R. Bayer, L. Boloh, and P. Briole. "Global Positioning System network monitors the western Alps." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 76, no. 48 (1995): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95eo00299.

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Balestro, Gianni, Gianfranco Fioraso, and Bruno Lombardo. "Geological map of the Monviso massif (Western Alps)." Journal of Maps 9, no. 4 (September 24, 2013): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.842507.

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Colombo, Nicola, Luca Paro, Danilo Godone, and Simona Fratianni. "Geomorphology of the Hohsand basin (Western Italian Alps)." Journal of Maps 12, no. 5 (October 29, 2015): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2015.1105762.

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32

Marchant, R. H., and G. M. Stampfli. "Subduction of continental crust in the Western Alps." Tectonophysics 269, no. 3-4 (February 1997): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(96)00170-9.

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33

Terzago, S., S. Fratianni, and R. Cremonini. "Winter precipitation in Western Italian Alps (1926–2010)." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 119, no. 3-4 (December 6, 2012): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00703-012-0231-7.

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Tisserand, Delphine, Eric Pili, Roland Hellmann, Anne-Marie Boullier, and Laurent Charlet. "Geogenic arsenic in groundwaters in the western Alps." Journal of Hydrology 518 (October 2014): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.023.

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Gawlick, Hans-Jürgen, Roman Aubrecht, Felix Schlagintweit, Sigrid Missoni, and Dušan Plašienka. "Ophiolitic detritus in Kimmeridgian resedimented limestones and its provenance from an eroded obducted ophiolitic nappe stack south of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria)." Geologica Carpathica 66, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2015-0039.

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Abstract The causes for the Middle to Late Jurassic tectonic processes in the Northern Calcareous Alps are still controversially discussed. There are several contrasting models for these processes, formerly designated “Jurassic gravitational tectonics”. Whereas in the Dinarides or the Western Carpathians Jurassic ophiolite obduction and a Jurassic mountain building process with nappe thrusting is widely accepted, equivalent processes are still questioned for the Eastern Alps. For the Northern Calcareous Alps, an Early Cretaceous nappe thrusting process is widely favoured instead of a Jurassic one, obviously all other Jurassic features are nearly identical in the Northern Calcareous Alps, the Western Carpathians and the Dinarides. In contrast, the Jurassic basin evolutionary processes, as best documented in the Northern Calcareous Alps, were in recent times adopted to explain the Jurassic tectonic processes in the Carpathians and Dinarides. Whereas in the Western Carpathians Neotethys oceanic material is incorporated in the mélanges and in the Dinarides huge ophiolite nappes are preserved above the Jurassic basin fills and mélanges, Jurassic ophiolites or ophiolitic remains are not clearly documented in the Northern Calcareous Alps. Here we present chrome spinel analyses of ophiolitic detritic material from Kimmeridgian allodapic limestones in the central Northern Calcareous Alps. The Kimmeridgian age is proven by the occurrence of the benthic foraminifera Protopeneroplis striata and Labyrinthina mirabilis, the dasycladalean algae Salpingoporella pygmea, and the alga incertae sedis Pseudolithocodium carpathicum. From the geochemical composition the analysed spinels are pleonastes and show a dominance of Al-chromites (Fe3+–Cr3+–Al3+ diagram). In the Mg/(Mg+ Fe2+) vs. Cr/(Cr+ Al) diagram they can be classified as type II ophiolites and in the TiO2 vs. Al2O3 diagram they plot into the SSZ peridotite field. All together this points to a harzburgite provenance of the analysed spinels as known from the Jurassic suprasubduction ophiolites well preserved in the Dinarides/Albanides. These data clearly indicate Late Jurassic erosion of obducted ophiolites before their final sealing by the Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous carbonate platform pattern.

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Al-Halbouni, D. "The European Alps as an interrupter of the Earth's conductivity structures." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 2 (July 17, 2013): 1031–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-1031-2013.

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Abstract. Joint interpretation of magnetotelluric and geomagnetic depth sounding results in the period range of 10–105 s in the Western European Alps offer new insights into the conductivity structure of the Earth's crust and mantle. This first large scale electromagnetic study in the Alps covers a cross-section from Germany to northern Italy and shows the importance of the alpine mountain chain as an interrupter of continuous conductors. Poor data quality due to the highly crystalline underground is overcome by Remote Reference and Robust Processing techniques and the combination of both electromagnetic methods. 3-D forward modeling reveals on the one hand interrupted dipping crustal conductors with maximum conductances of 4960 S and on the other hand a lithosphere thickening up to 208 km beneath the central Western Alps. Graphite networks arising from Palaeozoic sedimentary deposits are considered to be accountable for the occurrence of high conductivity and the distribution pattern of crustal conductors. The influence of huge sedimentary Molasse basins on the electromagnetic data is suggested to be minor compared with the influence of crustal conductors. Dipping direction (S–SE) and maximum angle (10.1°) of the northern crustal conductor reveal the main thrusting conditions beneath the Helvetic Alps whereas the existence of a crustal conductor in the Briançonnais supports theses about its belonging to the Iberian Peninsula. In conclusion the proposed model arisen from combined 3-D modeling of noise corrected electromagnetic data is able to explain the geophysical influence of various structural features in and around the Western European Alps and serves as a background for further upcoming studies.

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Scambelluri, Marco. "Retrograde fluid inclusions in eclogitic metagabbros from the Ligurian Western Alps." European Journal of Mineralogy 4, no. 5 (October 14, 1992): 1097–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/4/5/1097.

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Lenze, Annette, and Bernhard Stöckhert. "Microfabrics of quartz formed from coesite (Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps)." European Journal of Mineralogy 20, no. 5 (November 5, 2008): 811–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1848.

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39

Compagnoni, Roberto, Franco Rolfo, and Daniele Castelli. "Jadeitite from the Monviso meta-ophiolite, western Alps: occurrence and genesis." European Journal of Mineralogy 24, no. 2 (April 13, 2012): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2164.

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40

Hein, Gerrit, Petr Kolínský, Irene Bianchi, Götz Bokelmann, György Hetényi, Rafael Abreu, Ivo Allegretti, et al. "Shear wave splitting in the Alpine region." Geophysical Journal International 227, no. 3 (August 9, 2021): 1996–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab305.

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SUMMARY To constrain seismic anisotropy under and around the Alps in Europe, we study SKS shear wave splitting from the region densely covered by the AlpArray seismic network. We apply a technique based on measuring the splitting intensity, constraining well both the fast orientation and the splitting delay. Four years of teleseismic earthquake data were processed, from 723 temporary and permanent broad-band stations of the AlpArray deployment including ocean-bottom seismometers, providing a spatial coverage that is unprecedented. The technique is applied automatically (without human intervention), and it thus provides a reproducible image of anisotropic structure in and around the Alpine region. As in earlier studies, we observe a coherent rotation of fast axes in the western part of the Alpine chain, and a region of homogeneous fast orientation in the Central Alps. The spatial variation of splitting delay times is particularly interesting though. On one hand, there is a clear positive correlation with Alpine topography, suggesting that part of the seismic anisotropy (deformation) is caused by the Alpine orogeny. On the other hand, anisotropic strength around the mountain chain shows a distinct contrast between the Western and Eastern Alps. This difference is best explained by the more active mantle flow around the Western Alps. The new observational constraints, especially the splitting delay, provide new information on Alpine geodynamics.

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Ashruf, T. N., and A. Morelli. "The Moho reflectivity of the subduction beneath the Southwestern Alps from ambient seismic noise autocorrelations." Geophysical Journal International 230, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac079.

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SUMMARY The Western Alps shows a complex crustal organization due to the subduction of the European Plate beneath the Adriatic Plate and exhumation of the mantle wedge. The lithospheric structure of the Western Alps, that may hold significance for understanding orogenic processes and evolution, has been the subject of many geophysical studies, but the Moho profile remains unclear and this has led to controversies about the depth and extent of the European Plate beneath the Adriatic Plate. With the goal of retrieving detailed information on crustal constitution, we use autocorrelation of seismic ambient noise as a tool to map the body wave reflectivity structure at the subduction zone under the southwestern Alps. We use data recorded by the China–Italy–France Alps (CIFALPS) seismic transect, that includes 45 stations located approximately 5–10 km apart along a profile crossing the Alpine continental subduction in the Western Alps. We analyse the data set in four different frequency bands between 0.09 and 2 Hz. We automatically pick the arrival time of the Moho reflection in the second derivative of the envelope of the autocorrelation stack using prior Moho information. The 0.5–1 Hz frequency band mostly gives the best result due to the clear changes in reflectivity along the waveforms of the autocorrelation stacks after the picked arrival times of the Moho reflections. We find spatial coherence between 18 and 23 km depth in the western portion of the profile, indicating relatively homogeneous crustal rocks, and highly reflective structure under the central mountain range, due to the existence of a highly faulted zone. The very thin crust and the underlying mantle wedge known as the Ivrea body show instead high transparency to seismic waves and absence of reflections. The subduction profile of the European Plate shows a steep trend as compared to previous studies. We discuss autocorrelation stacks and Moho depths obtained from the arrival times of the picked reflectivity change in comparison with previous studies to validate the different reflection structures. Stacked ambient noise autocorrelations reliably image varied crustal properties and reflectivity structures in the highly heterogeneous region of the southwestern Alps.

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Huemer, Peter, Ole Karsholt, and Christian Wieser. "Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from northern Italy – a case of taxonomic confusion." ZooKeys 963 (August 24, 2020): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.

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Megacraspedus cottiensissp. nov. is described from the western Alps (prov. Torino, Italy). The dorsal habitus and genitalia for both the male and brachypterous female are provided. The new species belongs to the M. faunierensis species group based on genitalia morphology and DNA barcodes, and was hitherto confused with M. neli Huemer & Karsholt, 2018 from the southwestern Alps. However, it clearly differs in morphology and DNA barcode sequences from that species and from M. faunierensis Huemer & Karsholt, 2018. The new species is suspected of being a regional endemic of the Cottian Alps.

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Sánchez, Laura, Christof Völksen, Alexandr Sokolov, Herbert Arenz, and Florian Seitz. "Present-day surface deformation of the Alpine region inferred from geodetic techniques." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 3 (August 24, 2018): 1503–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1503-2018.

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Abstract. We provide a present-day surface-kinematics model for the Alpine region and surroundings based on a high-level data analysis of about 300 geodetic stations continuously operating over more than 12 years. This model includes a deformation model, a continuous surface-kinematic (velocity) field, and a strain field consistently assessed for the entire Alpine mountain belt. Special care is given to the use of the newest Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) processing standards to determine high-precision 3-D station coordinates. The coordinate solution refers to the reference frame IGb08, epoch 2010.0. The mean precision of the station positions at the reference epoch is ±1.1 mm in N and E and ±2.3 mm in height. The mean precision of the station velocities is ±0.2 mm a−1 in N and E and ±0.4 mm a−1 in height. The deformation model is derived from the point-wise station velocities using a geodetic least-squares collocation (LSC) approach with empirically determined covariance functions. According to our results, no significant horizontal deformation is detected in the Western Alps, while across the Southern and Eastern Alps the deformation vectors describe a progressive eastward rotation towards Pannonia. This kinematic pattern also makes evident an increasing magnitude of the deformation from 0.1 mm a−1 in the western part of Switzerland up to about 1.3 mm a−1 in the Austrian Alps. The largest shortening is observed along the southern front of the Eastern Alps (in the northern area of the Venetian-Friuli Basin) and in the northern part of the Apennine Peninsula, where rates reach 2 and 3 mm a−1, respectively. The average accuracy of the horizontal deformation model is ±0.2 mm a−1. Regarding the vertical kinematics, our results clearly show an ongoing average uplift rate of 1.8 mm a−1 of the entire mountain chain, with the exception of the southern part of the Western Alps, where no significant uplift (less than 0.5 mm a−1) is detected. The fastest uplift rates (more than 2 mm a−1) occur in the central area of the Western Alps, in the Swiss Alps, and in the Southern Alps in the boundary region between Switzerland, Austria, and Italy. The general uplift observed across the Alpine mountain chain decreases towards the outer regions to stable values between 0.0 and 0.5 mm a−1 and, in some cases, to subsidence like in the Liguro-Provençal and Vienna basins, where vertical rates of −0.8 and −0.3 mm a−1 are observed, respectively. In the surrounding region, three regional subsidence regimes are identified: the Rhône-Bresse Graben with −0.8 mm a−1, the Rhine Graben with −1.3 mm a−1, and the Venetian-Friuli Basin with −1.5 mm a−1. The estimated uncertainty of our vertical motion model across the Alpine mountain belt is about ±0.3 mm a−1. The strain field inferred from the deformation model shows two main contrasting strain regimes: (i) shortening across the south-eastern front of the Alps and the northern part of the Dinarides and (ii) extension in the Apennines. The pattern of the principal strain axes indicates that the compression directions are more or less perpendicular to the thrust belt fronts, reaching maximum values of 20×10-9 a−1 in the Venetian-Friuli and Po basins. Across the Alpine mountain belt, we observe a slight dilatation regime in the Western Alps, which smoothly changes to a contraction regime in western Austria and southern Germany, reaching maximum shortening values of 6×10-9 a−1 in north-eastern Austria. The numerical results of this study are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.886889.

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Hoggarth, Allison M., Heather Dawn Reeves, and Yuh-Lang Lin. "Formation and Maintenance Mechanisms of the Stable Layer over the Po Valley during MAP IOP-8." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3251.1.

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Abstract During intensive observation period 8 (IOP-8) of the Mesoscale Alpine Program, a strong stable layer formed over Italy’s Po Valley and the northern Ligurian Sea. This stable layer has been shown in previous research to be important for the formation of convection over the Ligurian Sea and the lack thereof over the Po Valley and southern slopes of the Alps. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms that acted to form and maintain the stable layer during IOP-8. This aim is accomplished through inspection of observed data as well as numerical simulations and sensitivity experiments. Observations and reanalysis data show that starting on 17 October 1999, a relatively cool, stable air mass was advected around the eastern side of the Alps into the lower atmosphere of the Po Valley. Both observational data and model output show this air mass as being blocked as it encountered the western Alps, thus resulting in an accumulation of cool, stable air at low levels in the Po Valley during the ensuing 60 h. When southerly flow approached northern Italy beginning on 20 October 1999, both the western Alps and the northern Alps appeared to help retain the low-level, cool, stable air over the Po Valley. A trajectory and sounding analysis shows that warmer, less stable air originating from over the southern Mediterranean Sea was advected atop the low-lying stable layer within the Po Valley. It is hypothesized that this differential advection, as well as blocking by the western and northern flanks of the Alps, were responsible for the longevity of the stable layer. A series of numerical simulations and sensitivity experiments were performed to test the above hypotheses. These tests support the hypotheses. Other mechanisms were also considered, including blocking of solar radiation by clouds, friction, and evaporative cooling. These simulations revealed that all three processes were critical for the longevity of the stable layer and point to the importance of accurate model representation of subgrid-scale processes.

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Meregalli, Massimo, Riccardo Monguzzi, Klaus Klass, Piero Cervella, and Manfred Kahlen. "Dichotrachelus pesarinii sp.n., a missing link between the species from the central and the western southern Alps (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cyclominae)." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 73, no. 2 (August 7, 2015): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.73.e31809.

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A new species of Dichotrachelus associated with Saxifraga caesia is described, D. pesarinii sp.n., and a phylogenetic analysis is carried out based on morphological and molecular mtCOI data. The new species resolved as the sister group of the D. sulcipennis group, whose members are associated with Saxifraga oppositifolia. This placement suggests that this group differentiated in the central southern Alps, and that the new species represents an evolutionary link between the species from the central and eastern southern Alps and those from the western Alps. The evolution of the association of Dichotrachelus with particular Saxifraga species remains contradictory; scenarios are proposed.

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Parolini, Marco, Beatrice De Felice, Chiara Lamonica, Sara Cioccarelli, Arianna Crosta, Guglielmina Diolaiuti, Marco Aldo Ortenzi, and Roberto Ambrosini. "Macroplastics contamination on glaciers from Italian Central-Western Alps." Environmental Advances 5 (October 2021): 100084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100084.

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Avigad, Dov, Christian Chopin, Bruno Goffé, and André Michard. "Tectonic model for the evolution of the western Alps." Geology 21, no. 7 (1993): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0659:tmfteo>2.3.co;2.

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Calais, Eric. "Continuous GPS measurements across the Western Alps, 1996-1998." Geophysical Journal International 138, no. 1 (July 1999): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00862.x.

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Matteucci, Enrica, Juri Nascimbene, Sergio Enrico Favero-Longo, and Deborah Isocrono. "New and noteworthy lichens from the Western Italian Alps." Acta Botanica Gallica 160, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.835281.

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d’Atri, Anna, Fabrizio Piana, Luca Barale, Carlo Bertok, and Luca Martire. "Geological setting of the southern termination of Western Alps." International Journal of Earth Sciences 105, no. 6 (February 4, 2016): 1831–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-015-1277-9.

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