Relevant bibliographies by topics / Western America

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Western America'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Western America"

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NICHOLS, ROGER L. "Western Attractions." Pacific Historical Review 74, no. 1 (2005): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2005.74.1.1.

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North America,and in particular the United States, has fascinated Europeans as the place of the "exotic other " for at least the last two centuries. This article surveys American and European art, novels,radio programs, Western films, and television Westerns from the 1820s to the present. It posits that the presence of Indians, fictional Western heroes,gunmen,and a perceived general level of violence made frontier and Western America more colorful and exciting than similar circumstances and native people in other parts of the world. This resulted in a continuing interest in the fictional aspect of the American frontier and Western historical experiences.
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Odello, Marco. "International Security in the Western Hemisphere: Legal and Institutional Developments." Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional 21 (August 16, 2018): 379–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/010.21.28396.

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1. INTRODUCTION. 2. EXPANDING THE CONCEPT OF HEMISPHERIC SECURITY. 3. THE MEXICO CITY CONFERENCE ON SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS. 4. THE DECLARATION ON SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS. 5. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DECLARATION ON SECURITY IN AMERICA. 6. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING INTER-AMERICAN SECURITY ISSUES. 7. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IN THE OAS AND THE UN. 7.1. International Security. 7.2. Universal and Regional Organisations. 8. CONCLUSION
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Weber, Nancy S. "Western American Pezizales.Selenaspora guernisacii, new to North America." Mycologia 87, no. 1 (1995): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1995.12026508.

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Markovits, Andrei S. "Western Europe's America Problem." Historically Speaking 8, no. 6 (2007): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hsp.2007.0045.

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Morrow, Juliet E., and Toby A. Morrow. "Geographic Variation in Fluted Projectile Points: A Hemispheric Perspective." American Antiquity 64, no. 2 (1999): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694275.

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This paper examines geographic variation in fluted point morphology across North and South America. Metric data on 449 North American points, 31 Central American points, and 61 South American points were entered into a database. Ratios calculated from these metric attributes are used to quantify aspects of point shape across the two continents. The results of this analysis indicate gradual, progressive changes in fluted point outline shape from the Great Plains of western North America into adjacent parts of North America as well as into Central and South America. The South American “Fishtail” form of fluted point is seen as the culmination of incremental changes in point shape that began well into North America. A geographically gradual decline in fluting frequency also is consistent with the stylistic evolution of the stemmed “Fishtail” points. Although few in number, the available radiocarbon dates do suggest that “Fishtail” fluted points in southern South America are younger than the earliest dates associated with Clovis points in western North America. All of these data converge on the conclusion that South American “Fishtail” points evolved from North American fluted points.
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Weber, Nancy S. "Western American Pezizales. Selenaspora guernisacii, New to North America." Mycologia 87, no. 1 (1995): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760952.

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Stucky, Richard K. "Paleogene community change among terrestrial vertebrates of the Western Hemisphere." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s247526220000842x.

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Paleogene vertebrate communities in North and South America show dramatic changes in taxonomic composition and ecological organization. Worldwide, mammals diversified substantially following dinosaur extinction (Fig. 1). Most families of living vertebrates appear by the end of the Paleogene. In North America, placental omnivores, herbivores and carnivores dominate mammalian communities, but in South America marsupial carnivores and omnivores and placental herbivores dominate them. Immigration from Asia and Europe to North America of taxa from several placental orders (Perissodactyla, Primates, Artiodactyla, Rodentia, Carnivora, Mesonychia, Creodonta) occurred periodically during the Paleogene. South America, however, was completely isolated from the Paleocene to the Oligocene when Rodentia and perhaps Primates first appear. Despite the independent evolutionary histories of these continents, their constituent species show remarkable convergences in morphological adaptations including body size distributions, dental morphology, and other features. Low resolution chronostratigraphic data for the Paleogene of South America precludes correlation with North American faunas. In North America, patterns of diversification and extinction appear to be related to climatic events. Morphological convergences appear to be related to climate and concomitant habitat change, but may also be a function of coevolution via predator-prey interactions and diffuse competition among guild members.
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Hong, Won Shic. "Anastrophyllum in Western North America." Bryologist 99, no. 1 (1996): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3244444.

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Wilson, Joseph S. "Beetles of Western North America." American Entomologist 68, no. 1 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmac003.

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Hong, Won Shic. "Plagiochila in Western North America." Bryologist 95, no. 2 (1992): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243427.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Western America"

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Ault, Toby R. "THE CONTINUUM OF DROUGHT IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204333.

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The continuum of western North American hydroclimate during the last millennium is analyzed here using instrumental records, proxy data, and global climate model (GCM) simulations. We find that variance at long timescales (low frequencies) is generally more substantial than variance at short timescales (high frequencies). We find that local sources of autocorrelation (e.g., soil moisture storage) likely explain the tendency for variance to increase from monthly to interannual timescales, but that variance at longer timescales requires remote climate sources of variability. Our analysis of global climate model data indicates that at least one fully coupled GCM can reproduce the characteristics of the continuum on short (interannual) and long (multicentury) timescales, but that proxy spectra and GCM spectra disagree about the amount of variance present on intermediate (decadal to centennial) timescales. Since instrumental records, as well as multiple independent types of paleoclimate records, provide evidence that variance increases with timescale at these frequencies, and because numerical experiments indicate that local autocorrelation is not a likely source of variance at these timescales, we argue that climate model simulations underestimate the full range of low-frequency drought variability. Moreover, the models may also underestimate the risk of future megadroughts, which we attempt to quantify using a new method that combines frequency information from observational data with projections of 21st century hydroclimate. Our results indicate that the risk of a severe, decadal-scale drought during the coming century is at least 1-in-10 for most of the US Southwest, and may be as high as 1-in-3. These findings should be incorporated into adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with regional climate variability and climate change.
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Miller, Becky Akiko. "The Phylogeography of Prosopium in Western North America." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1002.

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The mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) has been largely overlooked in population genetic analyses despite its wide distribution in discrete drainage basins in western North America for over four million years. Its closest sister taxa the Bear Lake whitefish (P. abyssicola), Bonneville cisco (P. gemmifer), and Bonneville whitefish (P. spilonotus) are found only in Bear Lake Idaho-Utah and were also included in the analyses. A total of 1,334 cytochrome b and 1,371 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequences from the Bonneville Basin, the Columbia River Sub-basin, the lower Snake River Sub-basin, the upper Snake River Sub-basin, the Green River Basin, the Lahontan Basin, and the Missouri Basin were examined to test for geographically based genetic differentiation between drainage basins and sub-basins and phylogeographic relationships to determine the invasion route of Prosopium into western North America and to aid in understanding current relationships. Prosopium entered the region via the Missouri River connection to Hudson Bay and moved in two waves: one colonized the lower Snake River Sub-basin, Columbia River Sub-basin, and the Lahontan Basin; the second wave colonized the upper Snake River Sub-basin, Bonneville Basin, Green River Basin, and established the Bear Lake Prosopium. Mountain whitefish exhibit a large amount of geographical genetic differentiation based on drainage basin except between the upper Snake River and the Bonneville Basin while the Bear Lake Prosopium show large amounts of gene flow between the three species. The apparent paraphyly of the mountain whitefish and the limited genetic structure of the Bear Lake Prosopium warrant recognition in the management of Prosopium and raise questions regarding species definitions in the group.
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Caruthers, Andrew Harry. "Pliensbachian–Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction in western North America." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44233.

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The Pliensbachian–Toarcian marine extinction is observable at the species and generic levels. Ammonite diversity data from Europe and parts of the Arctic suggest a multi-phased event with diversity declining over six separate intervals. The main-phase of decline begins at the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary and extends into the Early Toarcian to a level correlative with the Tenuicostatum / Serpentinum Zone boundary. To date only this main-phase has been demonstrated as being global in extent, affecting multiple taxonomic groups. The entire Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction has been attributed to regional and global controlling mechanisms associated with the Volcanic Greenhouse Scenario, an hypothesis linking eruption of the Karoo–Ferrar large igneous province (LIP) to global warming and mass extinction, specifically involving the release of methane hydrate from shelf reservoirs and a global marine anoxic event in the Early Toarcian (the T–OAE). The study presented herein uses paleontology and isotope geochemistry to investigate the duration and potential controlling mechanisms of this protracted extinction. A primary objective is to compare new data from western North America with previously established records in Europe, testing: 1) the multi-phased nature of this extinction, 2) its magnitude within two taxonomic groups (ammonoids and foraminifera) in western North America and 3) its controlling mechanisms, relating to methane hydrate release and geographic extent of the T-OAE. Results show that all six phases of species decline are recognizable in western North America, even the oldest episode which was previously thought to be an event restricted to the Tethys Ocean area of Europe. This research strongly supports a correlation between the timing of the entire multi-phased extinction and formation of the Karoo igneous province. The study also provides one of the first records of the Early Toarcian ‘negative carbon-isotope excursion’ outside the Tethys Ocean area (concomitant with the main-phase of extinction) which implicates global methane hydrate release. Lastly, geochemical results do not support the presence of an anoxic water mass in the northeast paleo Pacific Ocean at the time of the so-called global Toarcian event (T-OAE).
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Povey, David A. R. "Palaeobotanical determination of Tertiary palaeoelevation in western North America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307942.

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Hrubeniuk, Jewel N. "Natural regeneration of white spruce in western North America with specific reference to Western Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0024/MQ32136.pdf.

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Lapp, Suzan L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Climate warming impacts on alpine snowpacks in western North America." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/186.

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A wide area assessment of forecast changes in wintertime synoptic conditions over western North America is combined with a meso-scale alpine hydrometeorology model to evaluate the joint impact(s) of forecast climate change on snowpack conditions in an alpine watershed in the southern Canadian Rockies. The synoptic analysis was used to generate long-term climate time series scenarios using the CCCma CGCM1. An alpine hydrometerology model is used to predict changes in wintertime precipitation at the watershed scale. A mass balance snow model is utilized to predict the overall snow accumulation throughout a watershed. A vapour transfer model has been incorporated in the snow model to estimate snow volumes more accurately. The synoptic analysis and GCM output forecasts a modest increase in both winter precipitation and temperatures in the study area, resulting in a decline of winter snow accumulations, and hence an expected decline in spring runoff.<br>ix, 87 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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McKechnie, Nicole R., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Predicting climate change impacts on precipitation for western North America." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/269.

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Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to create projections of possible future climate characteristics under global climate change scenarios. Future local and regional precipitation scenarios can be developed by downscaling synoptic CGM data. Daily 500-mb geopotential heights from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis's CGCM2 are used to represent future (2020-2050) synoptics and are compared to daily historical (1960-1990) 500-mb geopotential height reanalysis data. The comparisons are made based on manually classified synoptic patterns identified by Changnon et al. (1993.Mon. Weather Rev. 121:633-647). Multiple linear regression models are used to link the historical synoptic pattern frequencies and precipitation amounts for 372 weather stations across western North America,. The station-specific models are then used to forecast future precipitation amounts per weather station based on synoptic pattern frequencies forecast by the CGCM2 climate change forcing scenario. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation are explored to determine monthly, seasonal and annual trends in climate change impacts on precipitation in western North America. The resulting precipitation scenarios demonstrate a decrease in precipitation from 10 to 30% on an annual basis for much of the south and western regions of the study area. Seasonal forecasts show variations of the same regions with decreases in precipitation and select regions with increases in future precipitation. A major advancement of this analysis was the application of synoptic pattern downscaling to summer precipitation scenarios for western North America.<br>ix, 209 leaves : col. maps ; 29 cm.
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Coats, S., J. E. Smerdon, B. I. Cook, R. Seager, E. R. Cook, and K. J. Anchukaitis. "Internal ocean-atmosphere variability drives megadroughts in Western North America." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621966.

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Multidecadal droughts that occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly represent an important target for validating the ability of climate models to adequately characterize drought risk over the near-term future. A prominent hypothesis is that these megadroughts were driven by a centuries-long radiatively forced shift in the mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Here we use a novel combination of spatiotemporal tree ring reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate to infer the atmosphere-ocean dynamics that coincide with megadroughts over the American West and find that these features are consistently associated with 10-30 year periods of frequent cold El Nino-Southern Oscillation conditions and not a centuries-long shift in the mean of the tropical Pacific Ocean. These results suggest an important role for internal variability in driving past megadroughts. State-of-the-art climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, however, do not simulate a consistent association between megadroughts and internal variability of the tropical Pacific Ocean, with implications for our confidence in megadrought risk projections.
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Eshleman, Jason Aaron. "Mitochondrial DNA and prehistoric population movements in western North America /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Booth, Evan L. J. "Modeling the effects of climate change on glaciers in the Upper North Saskatchewan River Basin." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3227.

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This thesis is focused on determining the rate at which the climate of western North America (WNA) has changed in recent history, and looks at the impact that projected future climatic changes will have on a large glaciated watershed in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The rate of change over WNA is quantified for 485 climate stations for the period 1950-2005 using indicators developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Results of the analysis show statistically significant historical trends across the study area. To gauge the effect of climate change on glaciers, a mass balance model was developed and integrated with the University of Lethbridge GENESYS hydrometeorological model. GCM future climate scenarios were used to model change in the Upper North Saskatchewan River Basin through 2100. Results forecast dramatic declines (> 80%) in total glacier area, ice volume, and streamflow contribution by 2100.<br>ix, 137 leaves ; 29 cm
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Books on the topic "Western America"

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Townsend, Chris. Western North America. Crowood, 1990.

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W, Ladd John, Buffler Richard T, Ocean Margin Drilling Program, and Marine Science International, eds. Middle America trench off Western Central America. Marine Science International, 1985.

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Powell, Jerry A. Moths of Western North America. University of California Press, 2009.

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Peigler, Richard Steven. Moths of western North America. Dept. of Entomology, Colorado State University, 1993.

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Montagu, Jean-Yves. Western America: The national parks. Evergreen, 1998.

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Alain, Thomas, ed. Western America: The national parks. Evergreen, 1998.

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1959-, Small Brian E., ed. Birds of Western North America. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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Kappler, Moritz. Western Multinational Corporations in Latin America. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93805-5.

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Blakey, Ronald C., and Wayne D. Ranney. Ancient Landscapes of Western North America. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59636-5.

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Alsop, Fred. Birds of North America: Western region. Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Western America"

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Thompson, Robert S. "Western North America." In Vegetation history. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3081-0_12.

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Xu, Guobin, Yanhui Chen, and Lianhua Xu. "Tourism in Europe and America." In Introduction to Western Culture. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8153-8_4.

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Woodruff, William. "Western Europe and North America." In A Concise History of the Modern World. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554665_19.

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Geiter, Mary K., and W. A. Speck. "British Society in the Era of Western Migration." In Colonial America. Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-1376-0_3.

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Fox, Ken. "The authenticity paradox and the Western." In Authenticity in North America. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429440212-9.

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van Gijn, Rik. "Switch reference in Western South America." In Typological Studies in Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.114.05van.

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“Fee” Busby, Frank E., Eric T. Thacker, Michel T. Kohl, and Jeffrey C. Mosley. "Rangeland Ecoregions of Western North America." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_2.

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AbstractThe grasslands, deserts, shrublands, savannas, woodlands, open forests, and alpine tundra of western North America where livestock grazed were collectively referred to as ‘range’ in the nineteenth century. Today these ecosystems are often referred to as rangelands. In the United States, rangelands comprise about 1/3rd of the total land area, mostly in the 17 western states. Large areas of rangeland also occur in Canada and Mexico. Rangelands provide numerous products, values, and ecosystem services including wildlife habitat, clean air, clean water, recreation, open space, scenic beauty, energy and mineral resources, carbon sequestration, and livestock forage. This chapter describes rangeland ecoregions in western North America.
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Shawcross, Edward. "The Western Question." In France, Mexico and Informal Empire in Latin America, 1820-1867. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70464-7_5.

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"Western Europe:." In America Overcommitted. The University Press of Kentucky, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt130jq2r.8.

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THOMPSON, R. "Western North America." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-444-52747-8/00194-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Western America"

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Alfarge, Dheiaa, Mingzhen Wei, and Baojun Bai. "IOR Methods in Unconventional Reservoirs of North America: Comprehensive Review." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185640-ms.

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Looney, Chris. "UnrecognizedGlyphomerusspecies associated with gall wasps in western North America." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115522.

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Fawcett, Peter J., Jake Armour, Peter Castiglia, and Grant Meyer. "HOLOCENE MILLENNIAL-SCALE CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA." In 2004 New Mexico Geological Society Annual Spring Meeting. New Mexico Geological Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.676.

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Crouse, P. C., H. Tada, and T. Takeuchi. "Horizontal Well and Extended Reach Technologies with Reported Problem Areas and Operational Practice in North America and Europe." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38270-ms.

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Lee, Jaemin. "WARM-WET LATE JURASSIC COASTAL VEGETATION FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383820.

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Sassen, Kenneth. "Rainbows in The Indian Rock Art of Desert Western America." In Light and Color in the Open Air. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.the2.

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Scattered throughout the Great Basin and the drainages of the upper Colorado and Rio Grande Rivers is a legacy of prehistoric and historic (i.e., post-Spanish contact) Indian rock art that represents a several-thousand year old tradition of creating culturally meaningful images on stone. Depending on the nature of the stone surface, and also on the intent of the "artist", the images were either pecked, scratched or abraded into the stone, or painted on suitably smooth and protected cliff walls. The terms petroglyph and pictograph are respectively applied to these two basic techniques. Petroglyphs typically were pecked through the dark patina coating, which slowly develops on many rock surfaces in the desert environment, to disclose the lighter colored rock beneath, whereas mineral-based pigments were employed in making pictographs. Among the inventory of images are human-like (anthropomorphic) and animal (zoomorphic) forms, as well as a large variety of abstract elements and more esoteric designs that are subject to various interpretations. With time, the rock art of the Great Basin area generally evolved from the abstract to the more representational, although many abstract designs remained popular (i.e., meaningful) throughout the area's long history.
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Thomas, J. A., and L. E. Aparicio. "Stochastic reliability study of the western transmission substations maintained by EDELCA." In Exposition: Latin America. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdc-la.2008.4641866.

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Qanbari, F., C. R. Clarkson, and M. S. Shahamat. "Incorporation of Formation Water into Rate-Transient Analysis of Tight Oil Wells with High Water-Oil Ratio: A Field Example from North America." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185745-ms.

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Maccracken, S. Augusta, Ian M. Miller, and Conrad C. Labandeira. "NOVEL INSECT HERBIVORY FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-317612.

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Landman, Neil H. "SCAPHITID AMMONITES FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS WESTERN INTERIOR OF NORTH AMERICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-318718.

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Reports on the topic "Western America"

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Thies, Walter G., and Rona N. Sturrock. Laminated root rot in western North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-349.

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Jakobs, G. K. Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonoids from western North America. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209169.

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Sartenaer, P. A New Late Eifelian Rhynchonellid Genus From western North America. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120782.

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Peterson, David L., James K. Agee, Gregory H. Aplet, et al. Effects of timber harvest following wildfire in western North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-776.

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Thomas, J. W., D. A. Leckenby, and L. Jack [and others] Lyon. Integrated management of timber-elk-cattle: interior forests of western North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-225.

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Armleder, H. M., D. A. Leckenby, D. J. Freddy, and L. L. Hicks. Integrated management of timber and deer: interior forests of western North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-227.

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Sobral de Elía, Mariana, Kati Suominen, Martha Skinner, et al. Integration and Trades in the Americas: Special Issue on Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Relations with Asia-Pacific. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009167.

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Abstract:
The purpose of this document is to inform Bank staff and other interested parties about recent developments in integration and trade among the countries of the Western Hemisphere and between these and other countries and world regions.
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Kliejunas, John T., Brian W. Geils, Jessie Micales Glaeser, et al. Review of literature on climate change and forest diseases of western North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-225.

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Pilz, David, Rebecca McLain, Susan Alexander, et al. Ecology and management of morels harvested from the forests of western North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-710.

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Mass, Clifford F. The Structure, Evolution, and Dynamics of Coastally Trapped Phenomena of Western North America. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada633496.

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