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Journal articles on the topic 'Western and Korean'
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1
SHIM, JUNG-SOON. "Recasting the National Motherhood: Transactions of Western Feminisms in Korean Theatre." Theatre Research International 29, no. 2 (July 2004): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030788330400029x.
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The image of the National Motherhood is the potent cultural code for Koreans. The word ‘Feminism’ in the Korean context is identified as a system of ideas originating from the West. What happens when these two disparate cultural/historical impulses meet at the intersection of modern Korean theatre? This study examines the cultural transfer of Western feminisms and feminist plays in the Korean theatre from the 1920s, when Ibsen's play A Doll's House was first introduced to Korea, to the present. More specifically, it analyses six Western feminist plays such as Nell Dunn's Steaming and Marsha Norman's 'Night, Mother, by focusing on how the Korean women's movement and modern Korean drama movement intersect with each other in terms of historical and cultural background; how these two historical impulses interact with Western feminist plays in terms of the intentions and reception of such plays in the Korean theatre arena, and how the image of the National Motherhood, the potent cultural code for Koreans, intervenes in this process.
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Kang, Jin Woong. "North Koreans in South Korea and Beyond: Transnational Migration and Contested Nationhood." Migration Letters 17, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i2.703.
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This article examines the differentiated identities of North Koreans in South Korea and beyond in terms of transnational migration and contested nationhood. In the post-Cold War era, North Koreans in South Korea have been marginalised as a social minority, and comprise a subaltern group within South Korea, despite having South Korean citizenship. As a result, many North Korean refugees, including those who have already gained South Korean citizenship, have migrated to Western countries for a better life in terms of wealth and welfare. As active agents, they have pursued strategic lives in the host countries’ multicultural societies and Korean communities. Through complex transnational migration to South Korea and elsewhere, North Koreans have reformulated nationhood by contesting the idea of a “homogeneous nation” of Korea. This article focuses on how North Koreans have shaped their own Koreanness in the multicultural societies of the United States and the United Kingdom as well as in the hierarchical nationhood of South Korea. By doing so, it offers an alternative framework for looking at the multifarious identities of North Korean refugees globally.
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PARK, HYE-JUNG. "Musical Entanglements: Ely Haimowitz and Orchestral Music under the US Army Military Government in Korea, 1945–1948." Journal of the Society for American Music 15, no. 1 (February 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196320000450.
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AbstractShortly after Japan's surrender to Allied forces, the Soviet Union occupied the northern part of Korea, and the United States moved into the south, where it established the US Army Military Government in Southern Korea (USAMGIK, 1945–1948). In the American zone, music played a unique role in forging US hegemony over Korea. Young American pianist Ely Haimowitz (1920–2010) was the central figure in shaping that policy. Associated with “highbrow” culture, Western orchestral music helped restore Koreans’ ethnic pride damaged by Japanese colonial rule, while countering the Soviet emphasis on indigenous music. By fostering Western orchestral music in Korea, and supporting many individual musicians, Haimowitz succeeded in gaining widespread admiration and trust among Korean musicians. Based on unique access to Haimowitz's private archival collection, as well as diverse historical records from Korea, this article develops a complex picture of Haimowitz not merely as a cold-blooded US military officer and propagandist but also as an individual musician who shared friendships with Korean musicians, suffered ethical dilemmas, and often supported Korean voices against the USAMGIK. The relationships he forged provide indispensable context in understanding USAMGIK music policy, Korean musicians’ responses to it, and the post–World War II Korean reception of Western orchestral music overall.
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Eydam, Tanja. "‘So, he is practically a Korean?’: Power relations and re-articulation of the Korean Self in the TV show Non-Summit." East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc_00029_1.
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Korean national identity is defined by nationalist sentiment and a mono-ethnic self-image. Having turned into a migrant-receiving country, Korea is slowly transforming into a multicultural society. The contemporary popularity of television shows with migrant representation reflects this change. The question arises how migrants get depicted in these popular broadcasting shows and what this portrayal of non-Koreans reveals about re-articulations of the Korean Self. As a response to these questions, a critical discourse analysis of Episodes 1 and 103 of the show Non-Summit (Bijeongsang hoedam 2014‐17) is conducted. Corresponding to Koller’s (2011) combined discourse-historical and socio-cognitive approach, macro-, meso- and micro-level are analysed separately. Overall, Non-Summit reproduces Korean discourse on multiculturalism as ‘happy talk’, as the avoidance of in-depth consideration of inequality, the reproduction of ‘western’ norms and the normativity of Koreanness. This results from predominantly selecting Caucasians and constructing them as ‘para-Koreans’ who can then be readily consumed. These practices enable the Korean Self to position itself as analogous to western, modern norms. This positioning mirrors the influence of ‘nouveau-riche nationalism’ and the Korean ‘will to greatness’. The show further consolidates existing societal norms in Korea (Kang 2017: 14) on four different levels of power relations between Korean producers/writers and migrant population in Korea, non-Korean cast and migrant population in Korea, Korean producers/writers/hosts and non-Korean cast, and Korean viewers and non-Korean cast, and hierarchizes modern and traditional values. Thereby, Non-Summit reproduces the South Korean struggle to reconstruct a homogenous national identity in the face of a rising ethnic diversity within the country.
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Hwang, EuiGab, Ilhong Yun, and Edmund F. McGarrell. "A Comparative Study of Fear of Crime among Korean Immigrants in the United States and Native Koreans in South Korea." African and Asian Studies 15, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341358.
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Scholars implicitly assume that the conceptual models of fear of crime found in the Western literature are also applicable to populations that have different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. To investigate whether such an assumption is legitimate, the current study analyzed survey data from samples of Korean immigrants in the Detroit metropolitan area and native Koreans in Seoul, South Korea. The result indicated a higher level of fear among native Koreans than Korean immigrants. The presented subgroup analyses revealed that perceived incivility, confidence in the police, and ethnic attachment were significant predictors of fear of crime among Korean immigrants, while gender, vicarious victimization, and perceived crime increase in the neighborhood were significant among native Koreans. Based on these findings, we offer implications for future research.
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Kang, Young Ahn. "“First Korean Philosophers” on Philosophy." Diogenes 62, no. 2 (May 2015): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0392192117703051.
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Philosophy as an academic discipline was introduced to Korea at the end of the 19th century. Philosophical education and professional research did not begin, however, until the 1920s. The first institution in which Koreans could study philosophy as a major at college level was Keijō Imperial University, which was founded by the Japanese in 1924 in Seoul, Korea. The first graduates from this school produced their research in Korean and contributed to the settlement of philosophy on the Korean peninsula. They were joined by Koreans who had returned from study in Austria, Germany, France, and the United States. I call these the “first Korean philosophers.” In order for an individual to belong to this group, three conditions had to be met: first, he or she should have studied philosophy as a major at college level; second, he or she should have read Western philosophical texts in original or in translation; third: he or she should have written a treatise in the contemporary Korean language. Against this background, I am going to deal with three questions. The first question concerns their attitude towards philosophy. The second question concerns their conception of philosophy. The third question concerns the method of doing philosophy. Through this study, I have shown that the first Korean philosophers foreshadowed the struggle between the Marxist and liberal understandings of the world and of humanity, even though they lived in the time of Japanese occupation.
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LITOVKIN, STANISLAV V., BRANKA BRUVO-MAĐARIĆ, MANFRED A. JÄCH, SANG WOO JUNG, and DMITRY A. EFIMOV. "Stenelmis koreana Satô, 1978 (Coleoptera: Elmidae): confirmed as a wide-spread species by DNA-sequencing." Zootaxa 4651, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.12.
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Stenelmis koreana Satô, 1978 (Coleoptera: Elmidae) is here recorded for the first time from Kyrgyzstan and Western Siberia. It was hitherto thought to be confined to Korea and the Russian Far East. The identification of a specimen from Kyrgyzstan was confirmed by DNA-sequencing after comparison with two sequences of S. koreana from Korea. The COI haplotype of the Kyrgyzstan specimen has very low sequence divergence (0.53 % or 0.0053 uncorrected p-distance) with respect to the sequences of the Korean specimens, which is within the standard intraspecific sequence divergence for COI in beetles.
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Kim, Amee. "Symbolic representations of financial events in the Korean media." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 12, no. 3 (January 10, 2019): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-10-2017-0097.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore and investigate the maintenance or (re)construction of (South) Korean identity during turbulent times of rapid social and economic change, especially since the 2008 financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach This study explores how the Korean media responded to financial events over the period between 2008 and 2013, and the ways in which iconographies of yin-yang were incorporated into Korean financial magazine cover images were investigated. Semiotic analysis of 20 magazine front covers was performed based on adapted Barthesian semiotics, which included front-cover background color, text color and vowel-structure interpretation following yin-yang principles. Findings were validated through semi-structured interviews with designers employed by the magazines. Findings Results show that Korean identity remains loyal to the traditional symbolic uses of yin-yang harmony to illustrate positive and negative sides of financial events, although there is some degree of following Western thinking in the use of symbols. This mirrors the modern Korean identity, which intertwines Western thinking with traditional values. Originality/value This paper provides an extended evaluation of the articulation of yin-yang principles by Koreans as elements of a worldview combining both Confucian and Western values. Yin-yang provides an inflexion to the ways in which events are depicted and denoted in “Confucian capitalistic” Korea. The suggested methodology triangulating semiotic interpretation with verification through interviews with designers can be extrapolated in other studies investigating the representation of events within a specific population or society.
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Yu, Seung Yeob, Eun-A. Park, and Minjung Sung. "Cosmetics Advertisements in Women's Magazines: a Cross-Cultural Analysis of China and Korea." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 4 (May 24, 2015): 685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.4.685.
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We analyzed the content of cosmetics advertisements in women's magazines published in China and Korea and compared the Chinese ideal of beauty and psychosocial values to those of Korea. Our analysis of 341 advertisements showed that 62% of Korean advertisements were for domestic brands, and 46.2% depicted Korean models, with 19.3% depicting white models, whereas 75% of the Chinese cosmetics advertisements were for international brands, and 26.5% of them featured Chinese models, with 32.7% depicting white models. The results indicate that advertisers in the Chinese magazines more strongly presented Western images as ideals of beauty than did advertisers in Korean magazines. We also found that a high number of cosmetics advertisements in the Chinese magazines contained price information and emphasized psychosocial values, such as activeness and self-confidence, which were less common in advertisements in the Korean magazines. The results imply that Chinese consumers expect concrete product benefits and are more likely to aspire to Western-type beauty than are Korean consumers.
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Jun, Shinyoung, Kyungho Ha, Sangwon Chung, and Hyojee Joung. "Meat and milk intake in the rice-based Korean diet: impact on cancer and metabolic syndrome." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 75, no. 3 (March 15, 2016): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665116000112.
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Over a few decades, Korean diet has changed from traditional diet, mainly composed of rice and vegetables, to Westernised diet rich, in meat and milk, along with the economic development and globalisation. Increasing prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases such as cancer and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a heavy burden to society and requires further attention. In this review, the association of meat and milk consumption with cancer and MetS among Koreans was discussed. Previous meta-analyses showed that meat intake was positively associated with increased risk of cancers, especially colon, as well as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and that the intake of milk and dairy products was negatively associated with colorectal cancer, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on studies conducted mostly in Western countries. In Korea and other Asian countries, the association of meat and milk intake with cancers were inconclusive and varied by types of cancers. Conversely, milk intake was negatively associated with MetS risk as reported in Western countries. The difference in results between Korea and Western countries might come from the differences in dietary patterns and study designs. Most Koreans still maintain traditional dietary pattern, although rapid change towards Westernised diet is underway among the younger age group. Randomised clinical trials or prospective cohort studies with consideration of combined effects of various dietary factors in Korea and other Asian countries are needed to elucidate the impact of meat and milk or related dietary patterns in their diet.
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Karamova, Yuliya Yurisovna, and Alfiya Rafisovna Alikberova. "Agreements Signed by Korea in the XIX Century." Journal of Politics and Law 12, no. 5 (August 31, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n5p75.
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As a result of the relaxation of the self-isolation policy of the Korean state, the Ganghwa treaty with Japan was signed in 1876. In the same year, the "Rules for trade" and the "Additional articles for the 1876 Treaty" were signed as well, which gave Japanese citizens exterritoriality, opened ports for trade with Japan, allowed them to rent land and more. The American-Korean treaty of peace, friendship, trade and navigation of 1882, the British-Korean (1883), German-Korean (1883), French-Korean (1886) and Russian-Korean (1884) treaties were signed as well, all with similar provisions. When signing agreements with the Korean state, Western countries such as Germany, USA, England etc. applied to China for a letter of recommendation. However, Russia followed a different strategy. Russian diplomat K. I. Veber, authorized to negotiate with the Korean government and sign the Russian-Korean treaty, negotiated directly with King Gojong. South Korean historiographers have different opinions regarding the above treaties signed by Korea with the Western powers.
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Jung, Boyoung, Sukjin Bae, and Soyoon Kim. "Use of Western Medicine and Traditional Korean Medicine for Joint Disorders: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis Based on Korean Nationwide Insurance Data." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2038095.
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This study aimed to compare the usage of Western medicine and traditional Korean medicine for treating joint disorders in Korea. Data of claims from all medical institutions with billing statements filed to HIRA from 2011 to 2014 for the four most frequent joint disorders were used for the analysis. Data from a total of 1,100,018 patients who received medical services from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics are presented as type of care and hospital type. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 21. Of the 1,100,018 patients with joint disorders, 456,642 (41.5%) were males and 643,376 (58.5%) were females. Per diem costs of hospitalization in Western medicine clinics and traditional Korean medicine clinics were approximately 160,000 KRW and 50,000 KRW, respectively. Among costs associated with Western medicine, physiotherapy cost had the largest proportion (28.78%). Among costs associated with traditional Korean medicine, procedural costs and treatment accounted for more than 70%, followed by doctors’ fees (21.54%). There were distinct differences in patterns of medical care use and cost of joint disorders at the national level in Korea. This study is expected to contribute to management decisions for musculoskeletal disease involving joint disorders.
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Yi, Gina J. "Teaching about the Korean Ganggangsullae Folk Tradition in General Music Class." Music Educators Journal 105, no. 3 (March 2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027432118815961.
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Korean folk music has been rarely included in the Western music curriculum due to limited materials for music teachers to use. This article introduces Ganggangsullae, a prominent Korean folk tradition (called a “folk play” by Koreans) that incorporates singing and dancing, and discusses its historical background and the unique elements of Korean folk music that it illuminates: Korean rhythm, minyo singing, dancing, and dialogue play. In addition, this article offers practical teaching guidance for incorporating Ganggangsullae into the elementary general music classroom.
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Blatner, Keith A., Robert L. Govett, and Wae-Jung Kim. "A Profile of the Korean Market for Softwood Logs and Lumber." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/2.1.17.
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Abstract Korea is now the fourth largest export market for U.S. wood products, ranking behind Japan, Canada and China. Unfortunately, the general lack of information on the Korean wood products market has hindered the ability of western producers to take full advantage of that market. Data are presented summarizing trends in Korea's domestic softwood production and imports, product distribution, and softwood use in construction and industrial market applications. Specific market opportunities, including the promotion of western style construction techniques, and the potential for substituting western softwood species for tropical hardwoods and other softwood species within the Korean wood products industry are discussed. West J. App. For. 2:17-20, Jan. 1987.
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LEE, Yeong-Mi. "KOREA: KLUCZ DALEKIEGO WSCHODU (1905) AND WACŁAW SIEROSZEWSKI’S VIEW OF KOREA." International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (July 8, 2017): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2017.03.08.
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The aim of this paper is to review Wacław C. Sieroszewski’s (1858-1945) view of Korea. He, well-known Polish writer, traveled to Korea, i. e., Daehan Empire (大韓帝國), in fall of 1903, and published Korea: Klucz Dalekiego Wschodu (1905). Considering that most of travelogues of Korea were written by American, British, French, and German, so-called “Western powers,” KKDW was a pretty valuable book.The author believes that Western view of Korea was notably changed around the late eighteenth century. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europeans did not ignore or belittle Korea and Korean. They regarded Korea as a rich and well-systemized country, and Korean as an intelligent nation, although they had very little knowledge of Korea. On the other hand, generally speaking, they degraded Korea and Korean in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and Sieroszewski was one of them. Poland was one of the weakest countries in Europe, but his view was not different from that of American, British, French, and German authors.Sieroszewski was favorably impressed by Japan before he came to Korea in October, 1903, and, as a result, he constantly compared Korea and Japan. He even wrote that Japan was better than Europe in some ways. He truly believed that Japan was the only country to carry out a desirable reform for Korea. Meanwhile, he never approved the Russia’s imperialist ambition for Korea. He considered Japan as an agent of the West. In conclusion, his idea of Korea and the East was quite similar to that of other contemporary Western travelers.
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Yoo, Kwang Eui, and Norman Ashford. "Carrier Choices of Air Passengers in Pacific Rim: Using Comparative Analysis and Complementary Interpretation of Revealed Preference and Stated Preference Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1562, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156200101.
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The flight choice behavior of Korean people for long-distance international air trips that take more than 10 hr air journey time was studied. Separate logit choice models were calibrated with revealed preference (RP) data and stated preference (SP) data, and the comparative analysis and the complementary interpretation of RP and SP data were tried. Required data were collected by the survey at Kimpo International Airport in Seoul, Korea, in 1993 and 1994. Journey time, air fare, service frequency, and nationality of airline were identified as major factors influencing flight choice in the market. It is remarkable that Korean airlines were considerably preferred in the market. Most Koreans are not fluent in English or other European languages and are not accustomed to western culture. This results in their preference for Korean airlines. Value of travel time and other trade-off ratios among variables to evaluate the relative importance of each factor were also identified through the results of RP and SP data analysis.
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Park, Jong Eun, Hyeyoung Jung, and Jung Eun Lee. "Dietary pattern and hypertension in Korean adults." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 3 (February 27, 2013): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000219.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the dietary pattern associated with hypertension and pre-hypertension among Korean male and female adults.DesignCross-sectional study from a representative sample of the Korean population.SettingThe Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV, which was conducted in 2007 and 2008.SubjectsMales and females (n 5308) over the age of 20 years.ResultsScores for three major dietary patterns (‘whole food’, ‘Western’ and ‘drinking’) were generated using a factor analysis of thirty predefined food groups based on the food items consumed. We used polytomous logistic regression analyses to obtain odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for pre-hypertension and hypertension. Participants with a high drinking pattern score (moderate to high alcohol intake, salted fermented seafood intake) had a significantly higher prevalence of pre-hypertension or hypertension than those with a lower drinking pattern score; odds for the top quintile v. the bottom quintile were OR = 1·56 (95 % CI 1·23, 1·99; P trend = 0·001) for pre-hypertension and OR = 3·05 (95 % CI 2·12, 4·40; P trend < 0·001) for hypertension. The whole food pattern was not associated with either pre-hypertension or hypertension, while the Western pattern was associated with the prevalence of hypertension only among men.ConclusionsOur finding warrants further prospective studies to examine whether alcohol drinking and salty food consumption increase the risk of developing hypertension in Koreans.
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Lee, Kyuho, Melih Madanoglu, Steve W. Henson, and Jae-Youn Ko. "The gateway to consumption freedom through a communal glass of wine." International Journal of Wine Business Research 31, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-11-2017-0070.
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Purpose Confucian philosophy emphasizes gender roles that place significant restrictions on the consumption of non-traditional products. The authors use wine to advance our understanding of how South Korean female consumers have established a new female gender role and identity by adopting new communities that allow non-traditional consumption while still accepting gender roles. This paper aims to examine how South Korean female consumers create a unique consumption culture with respect to wine consumption. Design/methodology/approach A hermeneutic approach was adopted to understand what motivates South Korean female consumers to join a wine consumption community and their perceptions about consuming wine. Researchers conducted 26 semi-structured face-to-face interviews that ranged from 45 to 120 min, with an average duration of 1 h. Findings The results of the study suggest that wine can be a medium for emancipating women from traditional gender roles and social images of women embedded in South Korean society that call for women to sacrifice themselves for their families. In addition, the study’s findings suggest that Western wine marketers need to understand the power of wine consumption communities that are a unique consumption ritual among South Korean female wine consumers. Originality/value South Korean female respondents drink wine as both a way to seek pleasure through a Western alcoholic beverage and to consume and experience Western culture and lifestyles. However, South Korean female respondents tend to drink wine within consumption communities, which are a powerful consumption ritual in South Korea. In other words, although South Korean female respondents consume wine to experience and learn about Western culture and lifestyles, they have entirely not abandoned their traditional consumption rituals.
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Kim, Yong-Suk, Jun Wang, Douglas Mann, Susan Gaylord, Hye-Jung Lee, and Michael Lee. "Korean Oriental Medicine in Stroke Care." Complementary health practice review 10, no. 2 (April 2005): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210105279482.
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Korean Oriental medicine (KOM), known as Hanbang in Korea, is the primary health care system for more than 20% of the population in Korea. Often integrated with allopathic Western medicine, it has been used and studied extensively in Korea for a variety of conditions, including stroke and Parkinson’s disease. Although KOM shares its origins with traditional Chinese medicine, its unique cultural contributions include a number of innovations in diagnosis and technique, such as Sasang constitutional medicine, Saam acupuncture, herbal acupuncture, and Korean hand acupuncture. This article reviews the development and use of KOM in Korea, focusing on a major component, Sasang constitutional medicine. It describes a preliminary study of effectiveness of Sasang constitutional medicine in the treatment of stroke and discusses the directions of future research in KOM.
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Hur, Yoon-Mi, Man Chull Kang, Hoe-Uk Jeong, Il Cook Kang, and Jong Woo Kim. "The South Korean Twin Registry." Twin Research and Human Genetics 22, no. 6 (December 2019): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.115.
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AbstractThe South Korean Twin Registry (SKTR) is an ongoing nationwide volunteer registry of South Korean twins and their families. Since its inception, from preschooler to young adult, twins have been registered with the SKTR and have demonstrated that relative influences of genetic and environmental factors explaining individual differences in various psychological, mental health and physical traits in South Koreans are similar to those found in many Western twin studies. Currently, studies at the SKTR focus on identification of the process of gene-by-environment interactions as well as developmental differences in genetic and environmental influences on psychological and mental health traits in South Koreans. This report provides a brief overview, recruitment strategies, current samples, zygosity assessment, measures and future directions of the SKTR.
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Vorontsov, A., T. Ponka, and E. Varpahovskis. "MIDDLEPOWERMANSHIP IN KOREAN FOREIGN POLICY." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 18, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2020.18.1.60.5.
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As a result of the Post-Cold War development, the international relations have shifted from bipolarism to a multipolarism. Once relevant Western-born IR theories lack explanatory power. Current IR witness the growing role of the non-Western states both in regional and international domains. Consequently, there is a growing need for appropriate IR theories that could explain the changing world structure, describe the role of new powers in international politics and define future development. Thus, it is essential to study non-Western research that focuses on conceptualization of ongoing processes from its perspective.The authors analyze the IR theories developed by South Korean scholars. The purpose of this article is to analyze South Korean interpretations of the middlepowermanship that considers the Republic of Korea’s unique regional and global context. South Korean scholars agree on a particular geostrategic location of the state. The geopolitical location, absence of natural resources and limited military power hinder South Korea’s ability to use hard power in regional and international politics. However, South Korea’s economic development and creative approach in foreign policy translate into middle power diplomacy, which includes niche diplomacy, moderating role in relations between greater powers, regional cooperation promotion, and development of the international legal system.The authors conclude that South Korean version of middle power theory is continuously being (re) interpreted and adapted to the country’s foreign policy. South Korea is to be a a bridge between the great powers in the region.
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Tikhonov, Vladimir. "Sin Ŏnjun (1904–1938) and Lu Xun's Image in Korea: Colonial Korea's Nationalist Transnationalism." Journal of Asian Studies 78, no. 1 (February 2019): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911818002577.
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Throughout the Japanese colonial period, Korea's reading public paid close attention to Chinese revolutions against Japanese and Western empires. Korean nationalists viewed China's revolutionary struggles as important for liberating Korea from Japan, a stance that reveals a transnational basis of Korean nationalism in the colonial era. One such nationalist was Sin Ŏnjun (1904–38),Tong'a Ilbo’s Shanghai-based correspondent, who played a critical role in conveying the momentous events in contemporary China to colonized Koreans. Drawing on Sin's example, this article shows how Sino-Korean transnationalism constituted Korea's left-wing, progressive nationalism in the 1930s. Although Sin Ŏnjun was a nationalist rather than a communist, he highlighted the communist struggles in China in his dispatches. He saw communism as the only viable way of solving China's internal and external problems, although he, at the same time, disapproved of Chinese communists’ “terrorist methods.” This article argues that this position also reflected his stance in favor of a broad communist-nationalist alliance in the Korean independence movement. He saw Korea's liberation agenda as closely related to the revolutionary events in China, thus accomplishing a synthesis between Korean nationalistic and social aspirations and an East Asia–wide transnational paradigm of a universal emancipatory struggle.
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Kim, Yungwook, and Linda Childers Hon. "Public relations in South Korea." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.11.2.09kim.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how and why existing public relations theories, developed largely in the United States, work or do not work to the public relations function in South Korea with the consideration of differences in cultural and business systems. Qualitative interviews with CEOs and public relations executives in Korea revealed difficulties in applying Western models of public relations and cultural norms for communication to the Korean situation. Also most Korean public relations practitioners perform technical duties, yet they understand the function and importance of the manager role. Current trends suggest that Korean companies increasingly understand the value of public relations in this pluralistic and integrated society.
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Shim, Jung-Soon. "Changing Visions of Koreanness in Oh Tae-sok's Plays, Africa and Love with Foxes." Theatre Research International 27, no. 1 (February 14, 2002): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883302001037.
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Korean playwright, Oh Tae-sok tenaciously has pursued the question of Koreanness in his uniquely experimental style of theatre since the 1970s. The changing visions of Koreanness represented in his social dramas Africa (1984) and Love with Foxes (1996) are examined from a postcolonial perspective. In Africa, Oh's early-80s vision of Korea's historical encounters with the outside world reveals a traditional sense of integrity and innocence being crushed by an increasing sense of alienating globalization. In Love with Foxes, Oh projects another vision of a globalized Korea of the mid-90s as the ‘double’ of a Western metropolitan centre, grimly replicating the dynamics of domination among Korean diasporas and other Asian peoples. Oh, however, ultimately bases his hope for an imagined community of Koreans on their traditional sense of integrity, embracing all kinds of differences.
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Lee, Chang Hwan, Jongmin Park, and Jaejin Park. "Writing Styles of a Korean Sample by Age: An Exploratory Study." Psychological Reports 106, no. 1 (February 2010): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.106.1.255-261.
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This descriptive study concerned whether language use differs across age groups of Korean participants. Language use by Koreans in their 20s, 40s, and 60s were compared using the Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Analysis showed that Koreans in their 60s used as many phrases and morphemes per sentence as younger people, which reflects similar complexity of language. In addition, those in their 40s showed the strongest use of words related to emotion, cognition, work, and leisure. These results show interesting differences from studies conducted with Western subjects.
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Lee, Jane Yeonjae. "The Peripheral Experiences and Positionalities of Korean New Zealander Returnees." Asian Survey 59, no. 4 (July 2019): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2019.59.4.653.
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This article examines the peripheral experiences of skilled return migrants in their homeland and the wider social implications of global knowledge transfer. Through a case study of Korean New Zealander returnees, I argue that the process of skill transfer is not easy, as shown by the returnees’ difficulties and social alienation. Korean New Zealander returnees have a more alienated experience than Koreans of similar backgrounds returning from other Western countries.
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Kim, Jae Hyun, Shinyeong Park, Seung Ho Kim, and Eun Ju Lee. "Long-Term Land Cover Changes in the Western Part of the Korean Demilitarized Zone." Land 10, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070708.
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After the Korean War, human access to the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) was highly restricted. However, limited agricultural activity was allowed in the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) surrounding the DMZ. In this study, land cover and vegetation changes in the western DMZ and CCZ from 1919 to 2017 were investigated. Coniferous forests were nearly completely destroyed during the war and were then converted to deciduous forests by ecological succession. Plains in the DMZ and CCZ areas showed different patterns of land cover changes. In the DMZ, pre-war rice paddies were gradually transformed into grasslands. These grasslands have not returned to forest, and this may be explained by wildfires set for military purposes or hydrological fluctuations in floodplains. Grasslands near the floodplains in the DMZ are highly valued for conservation as a rare land type. Most grasslands in the CCZ were converted back to rice paddies, consistent with their previous use. After the 1990s, ginseng cultivation in the CCZ increased. In addition, the landscape changes in the Korean DMZ and CCZ were affected by political circumstances between South and North Korea. Our results provide baseline information for the development of ecosystem management and conservation plans for the Korean DMZ and CCZ. Given the high biodiversity and ecological integrity of the Korean DMZ region, transboundary governance for conservation should be designed.
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Chu, Keum-Suk, Sang-Hun Kim, Yong-Su Ha, and Jeong-Won Lee. "Seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in Korean cattle in western Jeonbuk area, Korea." Korean Journal of Veterinary Service 36, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2013.36.2.133.
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Sergei Chaikovski and HanGyuseog. "Acculturative Understanding of Korean Social Psychology among Western Sojourners in Korea." 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 21, no. 1 (February 2007): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2007.21.1.005.
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Kim, Ki-tae. "Positioning and multidimensional (im)politeness in Korean Oriental medical discourse." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2011): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.21.1.03kim.
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Studies on politeness in Korean — an honorific-rich language like Japanese — have focused more on what Sohn (1995: 408) identifies as ‘normative’ (or discernment) politeness. Whilst these studies are illuminating, they have paid little attention to the ‘dynamic’ aspect of politeness. That is, they have focussed on ‘static’ or primarily dyadic interactions and have explored the speaker’s discursive intention but paid minimal attention to the addressee’s evaluation of certain utterances. The present study attempts to fill this gap by showing how multiple levels of politeness arise at ‘situational, institutional, and societal levels’ (Fairclough, 1989) in Korean institutional discourse. To this effect, it concentrates on the interaction between Korean Oriental medical doctors and their patients, which is a ‘fruitful epistemological site’ (Sunderland, 2004: 73) for the study of emerging and situated politeness in Korean. This is particularly so because in Korea traditional and Western medicine co-exist — Western medicine often being regarded as ‘dominant’ one — and consequently there is a ‘dual medical authority’ in Korean society. Employing Goffman’s (1981) ‘participation framework’ and Davies and Harré’s (1990, 1999) ‘positioning theory’, the present article demonstrates that the dual medical authority often obscures the ‘speaker’, ‘addressee’, and (im)politeness. of a speech act in patient–Oriental medical doctor interactions. An act that is apparently face-threatening at the situational level may not necessarily be face-threatening at the institutional level, where the ‘real’ addressee may be a non-present Western doctor or even Western biomedicine itself. The paper concludes that the dyadic, synchronic, and cross-sectional model of politeness on which most studies on Korean politeness rely is too simplistic and idealised. Instead, a multidimensional discursive approach to politeness should be adopted.
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Kasdan, David Oliver. "Do Koreans like being nudged? Survey evidence for the contextuality of behavioral public policy." Rationality and Society 32, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463120937832.
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This study explores the nuances of South Koreans’ approval for nudge policies by replicating a survey conducted in global nudge research, and then extending the analysis and discussion with greater detail about the context. The traditions, culture, and development of Korea have contributed to a distinct behavioral bias profile that must be integrated into approaches for nudge policy design and implementation. This article proposes the qualities of such a profile from the survey results, as well as the prospect that Koreans are more receptive to information nudges that engage analytic reflection. The findings show significantly lower nudge policy approval rates for Koreans in contrast to Americans and other Western countries. This serves to support previous calls for further research about the generalizability of nudge approaches by contributing evidence to the importance of context for identifying and leveraging behavioral biases in the application of policy. The research offers insights into the Korean context that may be used for nudge policies in Korea and other Eastern contexts.
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Yun, Minwoo, Eunyoung Kim, and Woong-Sub Park. "A Test of an Integrative Model Using Social Factors and Personality Traits: Prediction on the Delinquency of South Korean Youth." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 11 (January 11, 2016): 1262–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15619615.
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To more fully comprehend juvenile delinquency, it is necessary to take an integrative approach, with consideration of both personality traits of social risk factors. Many scholars argue the necessity and strength of integrative approach on the ground that juvenile delinquency is an outcome of interplay of individual and social factors. The present study examines the general applicability of an integrative model of personal traits and social risk factors to youth delinquency in the South Korean context. The empirical results show that the delinquency predictors in the current South Korean sample are closely aligned to Loeber and Farrington’s theoretical propositions and that found in Western nations. Perhaps this is because South Korea has undergone rapid Westernization for the last decades. Because the correlates in this sample and Western theoretical propositions and studies overlap, an integrative model of personality trait and social risk factors is indeed generally applicable to South Korea. This finding also depicts the extent of Westernization in the South Korean society at least among adolescents. Limitations of the present study and directions for the future study are discussed.
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Yoon, Hong-key. "Four Points to Be Considered when Writing “A History of Science and Civilisation in Korea”." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 42, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04201004.
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A research project entitled “A History of Science and Civilisation in Korea” is planning to publish an English-language monograph series that endeavours to learn from established scholarship on the history of science by benefiting from its accomplishments and overcoming some of its shortcomings. This paper argues that the following four points are important for Korean historians of science to consider: (1) overcoming ‘presentism’— to avoid writing history from a contemporary standpoint and to justify present-day Korea, (2) adopting a cross-cultural approach—to avoid unjustified nationalistic and ethno-centric interpretations of historical data, (3) considering both elite traditions and folk traditions in Korea—to present a more balanced view on different traditions in Korea, and (4) adopting traditional Korean concepts and categories of knowledge, if necessary; that is, that when no Western concepts are suitable for reference but indigenous Korean concepts are, adopting traditional Korean concepts is preferable. For example, the adoption of p’ungsu (geomancy) as a category of the Korean body of scientific knowledge. In this paper these four points will be discussed with supporting evidence, and I believe that using these four points as guidelines will enhance the quality of new writings on the history of Korean science by overcoming some of the shortcomings of existing scholarship on the history of science, technology and medicine in Korea or elsewhere.
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Ahn, Shin. "The International Religious Network of Yun Chi-ho (1865–1965: Mission or Dialogue?" Studies in Church History. Subsidia 14 (2012): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900003963.
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For five hundred years (1392–1910, Neo-Confucianism had been the state religion in Korea before Christianity was transmitted by Western missionaries. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, French Catholic missionaries taught the Christian message without permission, resulting in severe persecution by the Korean rulers. But during the late nineteenth century American Protestant missionaries secured permission from the Korean king and started educational and medical missionary work, rather than engaging in direct evangelical activity.
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Maziyya, Rizqia Nuur. "THE PORTRAYAL OF A KOREAN ADOPTEE’S EXPERIENCE IN NICOLE CHUNG’S ALL YOU CAN EVER KNOW: A MEMOIR OF ADOPTION." Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 8, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v8i1.65481.
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Transnational adoption has become one of the factors of transnational migration to Western countries, including America. Transnational adoption can be viewed from at least two perspectives, South Korea as the origin country and America as the targeted country. From the birth country, transnational adoption becomes a way to help the children from poverty, have a better future, and contribute to the birth country when they return. From the adoption-targeted country, this adoption is a humanitarian way to save the children from poverty, primitive way of life, and God’s blessing. One of the countries which regularly “send” the children to Western countries is South Korea. The children become Korean adoptees and mostly living in white American neighborhoods. Living with white Americans has shaped the Korean adoptees’ behavior and way of thinking same as Americans. Korean adoptees face various problems, starting from adjusting themselves in new environment, finding their cultural roots and identity, and struggling to find their biological parents. This study employed Phinnes’ ethnic identity development to make sense of the experience of a Korean adoptee called Nicole Chung in her memoir, All You Can Ever Know: A Memoir of Adoption. Through the discussion, it can be understood how transnational adoption programs become national agenda and big business field since it is not expensive to have children from other countries. There is also an assumption that the children will have better and happier life when they are taken to America and other western countries. However, throughout their life as adopted children in America, the children also find difficulties, especially in finding their identity.
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Lee, Hye-Yoon, Min Kyoung Cho, NamKwen Kim, Se Yeon Lee, Na-Gyeong Gong, and Eun Hye Hyun. "Comparative Effectiveness of Collaborative Treatment with Korean and Western Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (July 28, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535857.
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In Korea, low back pain is the ailment that is most frequently treated using collaborative care regimens that include aspects of Western and traditional Korean medicine. As part of a national pilot project on the collaboration between Western and Korean medicine, we aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of collaborative treatment and compare it with treatment methods that involved only Korean or Western Medicine practices for patients with low back pain. This nationwide, multicenter, prospective, observational, and comparative study spanned 8 weeks, during which patients with low back pain were evaluated at three time points (at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks). The primary outcome was low back pain-related disability measured by the Oswestry Disability Index, while the secondary outcomes included severity of low back pain (as on a numeric rating scale) and quality of life (as per a 5-level EuroQol-5 dimensions questionnaire). We analyzed 150 patients (including 129 per-protocol cases) and found that the Oswestry Disability Index and 5-level EuroQol-5 dimensions showed statistically significant differences over time between the collaborative treatment group and the sole treatment group after adjusting for sex, income level, and age. Conversely, the numeric rating and EuroQol-visual analog scales showed no significant between-group differences over time. Based on our findings, we believe that collaborative treatment that includes parallelly administered aspects of Western and Korean medicine can benefit patients with low back pain by facilitating functional improvements and lead to a better quality of life.
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Shim, Jung-Soon. "Female Trance in Han Tae-Sook's Production of Lady Macbeth." New Theatre Quarterly 25, no. 1 (February 2009): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x09000062.
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In this article, Jung-Soon Shim indicates how Han Tae-Sook transforms Lady Macbeth's subconscious into an interculturally emotional space in which the Christian concept of guilt and the Korean ethos of Han intersect. In this way, the director conducts an intercultural dialogue, negotiating the Western world view in Shakespeare's Macbeth together with the traditional Confucian-shamanistic world view to be found in Korea. Jung-Soon Shim is Professor of English at Soongsil University in Seoul, currently President of the Korean Theatre Studies Association (KTSA), and a founding member and President of the Korean Association of Women in Theatre (KAWT). Her numerous books include Twenty-First Century Korean Women Theatre Directors (2004).
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LEE, Jeon Kyung. "The Korean Punctuation Systems." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.4.1.29-41.
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Currently, the concept of punctuation marks organized by the National Institute of Korean Language involves minimum punctuation marks that help communication between a writer and a reader. There are no traditional marks and instead, all of them reflect the Western punctuation marks. The former reflects the writer’s situation and functions in a sentence unit while the latter functions in a text unit which is related to the reading activity. The Korean traditional punctuation marks indicate the result of understanding the text. This means that Korean punctuation marks were developed in connection with learning. The punctuation was developed, at first, from making the punctuation marks in order to understand Chinese when the Koreans accepted Chinese letters. Further, whenever they faced new letters, they developed several kinds of marking. This is why there is a conceptual gap between the traditional punctuation and the current punctuation marks. This research thoroughly examines Korean traditional punctuation marks and discusses how Korean traditional punctuations can be classified in the same category with the current punctuation marks.
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Lee, Jeong-Kyu. "Establishment of Modern Universities in Korea." education policy analysis archives 9 (July 31, 2001): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v9n27.2001.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the historical factors which affected the rise of modern higher education during the late Choson period (1880-1910), and to analyze the implications of these historical factors on educational policies in contemporary higher education in Korea. The rise of modern higher education in Korea can be viewed as occurring in three principal phases: Confucian Choson Royal Government, Western Christian missionaries, and patriotic nationalists. The author points out that the major historical factors influencing the development of modern higher education were Confucianism, Christianity, and Korean nationalism. In particular, Confucianism and Christianity have had substantial impacts on the planning of educational policies in contemporary Korean higher education; the former is viewed as an original source of educational enthusiasm which has expanded Korean higher education, and the latter a matrix of modern Korean higher education which has embodied educational enthusiasm.
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Yang, Suk-Kyun. "Current status of inflammatory bowel diseases in Korea." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 64, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2021.64.9.572.
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Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disease of unknown origin that causes chronic inflammation of the intestines and is classified as either ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. The incidence and prevalence of IBD in Korea have been rapidly increasing during the past three decades. This paper describes the current status of IBD in Korea.Current Concepts: Compared with western countries, genotypes and phenotypes of IBD in Korea demonstrate some distinct features, which may have an impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IBD. We continue to experience some difficulties in making early and accurate diagnoses of IBD in Korea due to a low awareness of the disease and the high prevalence of infectious enterocolitis, such as intestinal tuberculosis, which needs to be differentiated from IBD. The treatment of IBD can be influenced by differences in genetic, environmental, and social factors. NUDT15 variants limit the use of thiopurines. Infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and cytomegalovirus colitis, are usually more common in Asia than in western countries and can adversely influence the management of IBD. Biologic agents, which have changed the treatment paradigm of IBD, are equally efficacious in Asian patients as in Western patients. However, their use is limited due to a strict Korean government health insurance reimbursement policy. The prognosis of ulcerative colitis in Korea may be better than that in western countries, as indicated by a lower colectomy rate. However, this difference is less distinct in Crohn’s disease.Discussion and Conclusion: IBD in Korea differs from that in western countries in many respects. With rapid increase in the prevalence of IBD in Korea, medical costs for IBD are expected to become a significant financial burden. Koreans need to be prepared for this eventuality.
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K. Armstrong, Charles. "Trends in the Study of North Korea." Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 2 (May 2011): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911811000027.
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North Korean leader Kim Jong Il can be criticized for many failings, but if one of his goals has been keeping his country in the global media spotlight, he has been wildly successful. Of course, North Korea gets this international attention for all the wrong reasons: military provocations, a clandestine nuclear program, a bankrupt economy, an atrocious record on human rights, and an eccentric if not deranged leadership. Some of the accusations leveled against North Korea in the Western media and popular press may have a basis in fact, others are more questionable. But until recently, substantive knowledge of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was notable mainly for its absence. Before the 1990s, little was written about the DPRK beyond official North Korean propaganda and its opposite, anti-North Korean propaganda from the South. Much of this has changed, both because of new sources of information (including material from North Korea's former communist allies), but more importantly because of the growing interest in the subject after South Korean democratization in the late 1980s and the first US-North Korean nuclear crisis of the early 1990s.
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Roche, Meghan K., Andrea L. Carr, In Heok Lee, Jiaxin (Henry) Wen, and Steven D. Brown. "Career Indecision in China." Journal of Career Assessment 25, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072716651623.
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This study explored the measurement equivalence of the Career Indecision Profile (CIP) in a Chinese sample with both U.S. and South Korean samples. Past measurement invariance research on the CIP in four international samples (Icelandic young adults, Italian adolescents, French-speaking young adults, and South Korean adolescents) has supported a four-factor structure in the U.S. and in the three Western samples but not in the South Korean sample. Rather, a five-factor structure emerged in South Korea. This study sought to identify whether either the four- or five-factor structure would demonstrate suitable fit for a Chinese adolescent sample. Results indicated that the four-factor structure developed in the United States did not replicate in China, but the five-factor structure found in South Korea showed adequate fit. Additional analysis suggested full metric invariance on all five scales and scalar invariance on four of the five scales. These findings extend the past measurement invariance work with the CIP to suggest two potential ways with which to understand career indecision: a four-factor structure in Western cultures and a five-factor model in Eastern cultures. Future research needs are discussed.
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HARA, TAKEMICHI. "Korea, China, and Western Barbarians: Diplomacy in Early Nineteenth-Century Korea." Modern Asian Studies 32, no. 2 (May 1998): 389–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x9800273x.
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The story of the ‘opening’ of Korea presents us with a peculiar problem of its own. For, when Westerners arrived on the shores of Korea in the nineteenth century, they found a country that was shielded in the shadow of China. Korea, so it seemed to Westerners, would not open the country without Chinese approval, but China would not interfere in Korea on Western countries' behalf or, at times, even on her own behalf. And both Korea and China professed that they were acting according to the dictates of the traditional relationship which had bound the two countries for many centuries in peace and harmony. To Western observers this traditional Sino-Korean relationship seemed to offer nothing but a diplomatic cul-de-sac. Under the circumstances, it is not surprising that Western diplomats concluded that this relationship was merely ceremonial and largely dismissed it as having little political consequence.
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Kim, Kirsteen. "The Evangelization of Korea, c.1895–1910: Translation of the Gospel or Reinvention of the Church?" Studies in Church History 53 (May 26, 2017): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2016.21.
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Several studies of the history of Protestant Christianity in South Korea have argued that the religion's rapid growth was chiefly because of the successful translation of the gospel into Korean language and thought. While agreeing that the foundation laid in this respect by early Western missionaries and Korean Christians was a necessary prerequisite for evangelization, this article challenges the use of a translation theory, such as has been developed by Lamin Sanneh, to describe the way that Christianity took root in Korea, both on the basis of conceptual discussions in the field of mission studies and also on historical grounds. It draws on research for A History of Korean Christianity (2014) to examine the years of initial rapid growth in Protestant churches in Korea – 1895 to 1910. Its findings suggest that rather than ‘translation of the gospel’ a more historically accurate description of what took place is ‘reinvention of the Church’.
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So, John. "The Origin of Korean Church Architecture." Religion and the Arts 23, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02303002.
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Abstract This article examines the characteristics of Korean church architecture from the perspective of the hanok (the traditional Korean house). Previously, Western commentators criticized Korean church architecture as not reflecting a theological ideology and lacking a consistent architectural style. However, examining Korean church architecture through the lens of Western church architecture does not allow for the adequate appreciation or understanding of this form. This study, therefore, considers the development of Korean churches through an examination of the hanok, including floor plans, the concept of spatial expansion, and attitudes toward daylight. In addition, gender-based seating arrangements, the horizontal extension of space, and windows that admit horizontal daylight also reflect common aspects of the hanok. Beyond showing how a distinctly Korean church architecture developed over time, these characteristics also demonstrate the central role of women and the congregation in Korean churches, in contrast to the clergy-centric design of Western churches.
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Myoung-Kyu, Park, and Chang Kyung-Sup. "Sociology between Western Theory and Korean Reality." International Sociology 14, no. 2 (June 1999): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580999014002002.
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Wu, Xuangao, Tatsuya Unno, Suna Kang, and Sunmin Park. "A Korean-Style Balanced Diet Has a Potential Connection with Ruminococcaceae Enterotype and Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in Korean Adults." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020495.
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Metabolic syndrome is associated with usual dietary patterns that may be involved in enterotypes. We aimed to understand the potential relationship of enterotypes and dietary patterns to influence metabolic syndrome in the Koreans. Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)-VI in 2014, metabolic parameters were also analyzed among the dietary patterns classified by principal component analysis in Korean adults. The fecal microbiota data of 1199 Korean adults collected in 2014 were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterotypes were classified based on Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMM) by Mothur v.1.36. The functional abundance of fecal bacteria was analyzed using the PICRUSt2 pipeline. Korean adults were clustered into three dietary patterns including Korean-style balanced diets (KBD, 20.4%), rice-based diets (RBD, 17.2%), and Western-style diets (WSD, 62.4%) in KNHANES. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was lowered in the order of RBD, WSD, and KBD. The participants having a KBD had lower serum C-reactive protein and triglyceride concentrations than those with RBD and WSD (p < 0.05). Three types of fecal bacteria were classified as Ruminococcaceae type (ET-R, 28.7%), Prevotella type (ET-P, 52.2%), and Bacteroides type (ET-B, 42.1%; p < 0.05). ET-P had a higher abundance of Prevotella copri, while ET-R contained a higher abundance of Alistipes, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. ET-B had a higher abundance of the order Bilophila (p < 0.05). Metabolism of propanoate, starch, and sucrose in fecal microbiome was higher in ET-P and ET-R, whereas fatty acid metabolism was enhanced in ET-B. Fecal microbiota in ET-P and ET-B had higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis activity than that in ET-R. The metabolic results of KBD and RBD were consistent with ET-R and ET-P’s gut microbiota metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, Korean enterotypes of ET-P, ET-B, and ET-R were associated with RBD, WSD, and KBD, respectively. This study suggests a potential link between dietary patterns, metabolic syndrome, and enterotypes among Korean adults.
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Rhi, Bou Yong. "The Last Fifty Years of Western Medicine in Korea: Korean Neuropsychiatric Association." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 40, no. 8 (1997): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1997.40.8.1002.
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Han, Dae Yong. "The Last Fifty Years of Western Medicine in Korea: Korean Orthopedic Association." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 40, no. 8 (1997): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1997.40.8.1010.
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Cho, Byung Kyu. "The Last Fifty Years of Western Medicine in Korea: Korean Neurosurgical Society." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 40, no. 8 (1997): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1997.40.8.1016.
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