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Journal articles on the topic "Western Fair Association"
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Goel, Priya, Mamta Nebhinani, and Raj Rani. "Knowledge and barriers towards use of family planning methods among women: a study from Western India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204734.
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Background: Family planning is an important component of reproductive health. Through family planning, couples can plan the number and spacing of their children. The use of family planning method depends on the various factors such as knowledge and largely on the barriers faced by women. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and barriers towards use of family planning methods among women.Methods: This study was conducted at Village Dhawa, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Data were collected from 380 married women selected by convenient sampling technique. Data collection tool included Self-structured knowledge questionnaire and barrier rating scale. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Most commonly used method of family planning was Sterilization. More than half of women (58.4%) had fair knowledge regarding family planning methods. Mean knowledge score was 15.48±3.14. Unawareness about the existing method was most reported barrier and Costs too much was least reported barrier. The knowledge level of women had significant association with religion and occupation (p level <0.05).Conclusions: Overall women had fair level of knowledge regarding family planning methods. Lack of awareness emerged as a key barrier in use of these methods by women. There is need to implement extensive awareness programs and empower women as active decision makers with respect to use of family planning methods.
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Onifade, Oyepeju Mary, Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo, Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi, Titus Ayodeji Oyedele, and Ademola Richard Akinlade. "Nutritional status as a determinant of cognitive development among preschool children in South-Western Nigeria." British Food Journal 118, no. 7 (July 4, 2016): 1568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2015-0445.
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Purpose – Improving the health of children under the age of five is one of the main objectives of primary healthcare services in most developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the nutritional status of children under the age of five and its impact on cognitive function. Design/methodology/approach – The cross-sectional study was carried out in a semi-urban community in south-western Nigeria. The sample consisted of 220 school children under the age of five. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and mid arm circumference were carried out to determine the nutritional status of the children. Cognitive function of the children was assessed using a developmental checklist developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and their performance was graded as good, fair and poor. Findings – The overall prevalence of malnutrition in this study was low with stunting, underweight and wasting recording 8.2, 6.8 and 1.8 percent, respectively thereby making stunting the most common malnutrition indicator in this study. A large proportion of the children (88.6 percent) had good cognitive performance while 11.4 and 5.5 percent had fair and poor cognitive performance, respectively. Among the various malnutrition indicators measured in this study, stunting was found to have a statistically significant association with cognitive development (p=0.005).Stunted children have multiple functional disadvantages that persist throughout childhood and poor nutrition almost certainly plays a role. This paper calls for a need for the Nigerian Government to intervene by ensuring that policies are implemented that will ensure that health and nutritional needs of preschool children are guaranteed right from conception. Originality/value – In view of the importance of nutrition for cognition in children, this research has shown that the cognitive function of preschool children can be affected by stunting and it has contributed to global data on nutrition and cognition particularly in South-Western Nigeria.
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Yadav, Nisha, Nirmala Kumari, Parmeshwari ., Pooja ., Pooja ., Pooja Poonia, Preeti Kumari Bairwa, Himanshu Vyas, and Deviga T. "Knowledge regarding prevention of child abuse among parents at selected rural area of Western Rajasthan." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205695.
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Background: Child abuse is a kind of domestic violence that involves all forms of physical, emotional and sexual maltreatment and negligence of children under the age of 18 years which potentially or actually damages all aspects of their health. Child abuse is a global problem with serious lifelong consequences. In India the child abuse has not received enough attention. There have been few and irregular efforts to understand and address the problem. Aim was to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of child abuse among parents.Methods: Descriptive Survey design was used. The study population comprised of parents of children less than 18 years of age. A sample of 60 parents were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding child abuse among parents. Informed consent was taken from each participant prior to data collection and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: Majority of parents 60% had poor or fair level of knowledge, 39% had good knowledge whereas only 1.6% had excellent knowledge. There was a significant association between knowledge and age of mother at 0.02 level of significance.Conclusions: The finding of the study concluded that the knowledge regarding child abuse among parents was inadequate. Considering this aspects further awareness drives can be conducted to make the people alert about child abuse and its prevention.
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WPRIM, APAME IMSEAR. "Tokyo Declaration on Research Integrity and Ethical Publication in Science and Medicine in the Asia Pacific Region." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v28i2.473.
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We, the participants in the Joint Meeting of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME), the Index Medicus for the South-East Asian Region (IMSEAR), and the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM) held in Tokyo from 2 to 4 August 2013:
CONSIDERING
That overwhelming data in science and medicine may differ in their reliability and that quality control is important for compiling scientific and health information;
That equitable circulation of scientific and health information is facilitated by fair collaboration among policy makers, researchers, and industry sectors including pharmaceuticals and publishers;
That APAME, IMSEAR, and WPRIM are important collaborative initiatives that can implement global guidelines for publication and dissemination of scientific and medical knowledge in an equitable and ethical manner;
CONFIRM
Our commitment to endorse that scientific and medical knowledge is imperishable and should not be assessed or evaluated by only economic or temporal considerations;
Our commitment to improve quality and reliability of scientific and medical knowledge through the IMSEAR and WPRIM;
Our commitment to publish reliable and high-quality information by education of researchers, implementation of fair review processes, and organization of networks through APAME;
Our commitment to collaborate with publishers, academic or public libraries, and research bodies to achieve equitable and ethical publication and dissemination of scientific and medical knowledge;
COMMIT
Ourselves, to publishing reliable and high-quality information, thereby setting the ethical standard for our colleagues, editors, and librarians in the Region;
Our publishers, to disseminating scientific and medical knowledge fairly and impartially through digital library services including, but not limited to, IMSEAR, WPRIM, and the Global Health Library;
Our organization, APAME, to building further networks, convening conferences, and organizing events to educate and empower editors, peer reviewers, and authors to achieve internationally acceptable, but regionally realistic, scholarly standards.
4 August 2013, Tokyo
This declaration was adopted at the 2013 Convention of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) held in Tokyo from 2 to 4 August 2013. It is concurrently published by Journals linked to APAME and listed in the Index Medicus for the South East Asian Region (IMSEAR) and the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM). Copyright © APAME. www.wpro.who.int/apame apame@wpro.who.int
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Hopper, John L., Susan A. Treloar, Nicholas H. de Klerk, and Ruth Morley. "Australian Twin Registry: A Nationally Funded Resource for Medical and Scientific Research, Incorporating match and WATCH." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.6.707.
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AbstractThe Australian Twin Registry (ATR) has, since the late 1970s, enrolled more than 30,000 pairs of all zygosity types and ages willing to consider participation in approved research studies. Its core functions are the recruitment to, and maintenance of, an up-to-date database containing contact details and baseline information, and the management of fair and equitable access so as to enhance medical and scientific research. The ATR has facilitated more than 430 studies producing 525 peer-reviewed publications using a variety of designs including classic biometrical twin and twin family studies, co-twin control studies, intervention studies, longitudinal studies, and studies of issues relevant specifically to twins. The ATR is supported for 2004 to 2009 by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Enabling Grant, a new form of funding which recognizes the importance of long-term support for shared national resources. New initiatives include: integration with the Western Australian Twin Child Health (WATCH) cohort and the new Western Australian Twin Registry (WATR); foundation of a cohort of mothers and their twin children recruited from the time of diagnosis of the multiple gestation (match); a national Twins Festival run in collaboration with the Australian Multiple Birth Association (AMBA); promotion of the ATR at medical conferences; and fostering an active network of researchers from a range of disciplines and providing financial support for new researchers to attend international twin research workshops. Consistent with its mission statement, the long-term goal of the ATR is to make twin studies a standard component of medical and scientific research.
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Wang, Peter Chen-main. "Caring Beyond National Borders: The YMCA and Chinese Laborers in World War I Europe." Church History 78, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640709000511.
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It is well known that 175,000 Chinese laborers worked for Allied troops in Europe during World War I. This phenomenon has been recorded in major WWI histories and has become the topic of monographs in Chinese and Western languages. Chinese laborers solved the Allied problem of a serious manpower shortage and made contributions to military fieldwork, construction, and factory work. Comparatively speaking, few scholars have paid attention to the Christian work among the Chinese laborers, which gave them considerable comfort and assistance and which laid the foundation for other service to Chinese laborers in France. Though some people have a general understanding that the Young Men's Christian Association (including the British YMCA and the International Committee of the YMCA in North America) was the most active and energetic group in offering assistance to the Chinese laborers, little has been written that explains the YMCA operations among the laborers, preventing a fair and thorough evaluation of the YMCA's service to the Chinese laborers. This paper, based on material from the American YMCA Archives, the Canadian Church Archives, and some Chinese writings on this topic, attempts to investigate the origin, operation, and development of this YMCA international project and to assess its significance in church history and in modern China.
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Tahat, Yasean, T. Dunne, S. Fifield, and D. Power. "The value relevance of financial instruments disclosure: evidence from Jordan." Asian Review of Accounting 24, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 445–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-11-2014-0115.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to: examine the value relevance of financial instruments disclosure (FID) provided by Jordanian listed companies under International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 7) as compared to that supplied under IAS 30/32; provide evidence about the value relevance of high vs low levels of FID; and investigate which components of FI-related information are more value relevant. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 70 Jordanian listed companies is used in this monograph. A disclosure index checklist was constructed to measure FI information provided by the sample companies. In addition, a valuation model is employed to test the association between FID and market value. Findings Although evidence is provided that FI information was value relevant over the two periods of investigation, the information supplied after the implementation of IFRS 7 was more strongly associated with market values. An analysis of the sub-components of FID reveals that the details about balance sheet, fair value and risk information matter when valuing equity. Overall, the results indicate that investors value FI-related information when making their equity pricing decisions. The result suggests that compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements does produce relevant financial statements. Research limitations/implications The results of the current study have a number of implications for policy makers. First, they provide a great deal of insight for the IASB about the relevance of its standards to countries outside the western context. In addition, the findings provide valuable insights for policy makers in Jordan who are concerned about the implications of mandatory disclosures. Originality/value The analysis of FID in developing countries in general, and in Jordan in particular, has been overlooked by the extant literature and therefore this study is the first of its kind to examine this research issue for a sample of Jordanian firms.
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Pilone, Carola, Federico Verdone, Roberto Rossi, Davide Bonasia, and Federica Rosso. "Prognostic Factors Influencing Outcomes of High Tibial Osteotomy in The Varus Knee: The Role of The Deformity." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (July 1, 2020): 2325967120S0046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00466.
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Objectives: High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) is widely performed to treat early arthiritis in the varus knee. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate different prognostic factors affecting the outcomes of HTO and, with special attention to the role of the site of deformity. Methods: 231 Opening Wedge HTO (OWHTO) were performed in 202 patients and included in the study. Inclusion criteria were: 1) age > 18 years, 2) no major associated procedures (i.e. ACL reconstruction, major cartilage procedure, 3) only OWHTO, 4) pre-operative complete clinical and radiological evaluation available. Patients were evaluated with (1) the Knee Society score (KSS), (2) the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, (3) another self-evaluation scale, (4) long-leg radiographs, and (5) plain radiographs. On the x-ray different angles were evaluated, including Join Line Congruence Angle. Furthermore, the location of deformity was established. Three main outcomes were identified: Indication to Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), KSS poor or fair and WOMAC < 76 points), and different prognostic factors were identified (Fig. 1). All the variables were firstly tested in a single regression model to evaluate the association with each outcome. All the variables with p<0.1 were re-tested in a multiple regression model. Results: 32 patients were lost to follow-up and 31 patients did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 139 patients (156 OWHTOs) for the study. The average age was 52.9 ± 9.6 years, and the average follow-up was 97.7 ± 42.8 months. Post-operatively there was a significant improvement in both the KSS and WOMAC score compared to the pre-operative period (p<0.0001). The only variable related to TKA indication was a pre-operative JLCA ≥5° (OR=24.3, p=0.0483). Conversely, different variables were related to a worse KSS, including pre-operative BMI >30 Kg/m2 (OR=78.9, p=0.0028), pre-operative ROM <120° of flexion (OR=40.8, p=0.0421), pre-operative mLDFA ≥91° (OR=36,6,p=0.0401) and femoral pre-operative CORA ≥3° of varus (OR=39,9 p=0.0269). Furthermore, a pre-operative BMI >30 Kg/m2 (OR=29,5, p=0.0314) was associated to a worse WOMAC score. Conversely, patients with a pre-operative mMPTA ≤84° had lower risk to obtain a worse KSS oe WOMAC score (respectively OR= 0,2 p=0.0364 and OR=0,3 p=0.0071). The cumulative survivorship was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and it resulted equal to 98.6% at 5 years and decreased to 85.5% at 10 years. Conclusion: OWHTO is a good treatment for early arthritis in the varus knee if the correct indications are applied. The outcomes can be considered good, with 85% of 10-year survivorship. It is mandatory to correctly address the location of the deformity, because the presence of a femoral varus deformity is related to worse outcomes. Similarly, presence of a pre-operative JLCA ≥5° is the only factor associated to TKA indication. [Table: see text]
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Filimon, Eliza Claudia. "Cinderella’s Ashes - New Women, Old Fairytales." Romanian Journal of English Studies 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10319-012-0014-y.
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Abstract This paper brings into focus the feminine qualities that heroines in Western fairy tales possess, as well as the roles they traditionally perform. The heroines are either rewarded or punished in accordance to how well they fit the feminine pattern, while the association of femininity with the female clearly indicates the social impact of gender ideology. Two variations on the Cinderella story will illustrate how feminist revisions of fairytales upset this rigid division.
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Bakre, Owolabi, Sarah George Lauwo, and Sean McCartney. "Western accounting reforms and accountability in wealth redistribution in patronage-based Nigerian society." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 6 (August 21, 2017): 1288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2016-2477.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the claim that Western accounting reforms, in particular the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) would enhance transparency and accountability and reduce corruption in patronage-based developing countries such as Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilises the patron/clientelism framework to examine the dynamics of Western accounting reforms in the Nigerian patronage-based society, in which the institutions of governance and regulatory structures are arguably weak. The paper utilises archival data and interviews conducted with representatives of state bodies (elected politicians and officials) and professional accounting associations. Findings Results from two major reforms (the sale of government-owned residential properties in Lagos and the monetisation of fringe benefits for public officials) are presented. Despite the claim of the adoption of Western accounting standards, and in particular IPSAS 17, which requires full accrual accounting and the utilisation of fair value in property valuation, historical cost accounting appeared to have been mobilised to massively corrupt the process for the benefit of politicians, other serving and retired public officials and family members. Originality/value This study contributes to the current literature by providing evidence of the relationship between patronage, corruption and accounting in wealth redistribution in the patronage-based Nigerian socio-political and economic context.
Books on the topic "Western Fair Association"
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Association, Western Fair, ed. A celebration of excellence: The history of the Western Fair Association, 1867-2000. London, Ont: Western Fair Association, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Western Fair Association"
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Hettiarachchi, Shyamani, M. Dumini K. de Silva, Thilanka Wijesinghe, Brayan Susantha, Geshani Amila, Pubhodha Sarani, and Mohamed Rasak. "“Free But Not Fair”: A Critical Review of Access to Equal Education for Deaf Children in Sri Lanka." In Deaf Education Beyond the Western World, 211–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880514.003.0012.
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The first special school for children with disabilities in Sri Lanka opened over 100 years ago, in 1912. Over the years, a number of students with disabilities have gone on to tertiary education. However, deaf sign language users appear to have been left behind: To date, no deaf learner accessing education exclusively through Sri Lankan Sign Language has entered a local university. This chapter begins with a critical review of the trajectory of educational provision for deaf children followed by an appraisal of the contributions made by the Sri Lankan deaf associations toward increasing education access for deaf children. This leads to an analysis of the audiological and speech-language therapy services available within the school context and an evaluation of the limited but growing local “insider” research on deaf education. The chapter ends with reflections and recommendations for ensuring full and equal access to education for deaf children by 2030.
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Hewitt, Nancy A. "Worldly Associations, 1836–1841." In Radical Friend, 65–90. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640327.003.0004.
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Rochester’s boomtown atmosphere attracted a diverse population and allowed Isaac Post to open an apothecary shop to support his still growing family. As importantly, the Posts engaged new groups of activists even as they immersed themselves in Hicksite debates over abolition, Indian rights, women’s rights, and the appropriateness of Friends participating in worldly (that is, cross-denominational) social movements. Locally, antislavery efforts were led by local blacks and by white evangelicals. Amy signed her first antislavery petition in 1837; and she and Isaac attended antislavery conventions where national leaders spoke. In 1840, they joined evangelical, Hicksite and Orthodox Friends in founding the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society (WNYASS). The WNYASS, auxiliary to the American Anti-Slavery Society, was interracial and mixed-sex. In January 1842, William Lloyd Garrison spoke at its annual convention and stayed with the Posts. That February, Amy helped organize a worldly antislavery fair. The funds were intended to help fugitives seeking refuge in Canada, suggesting that she and Isaac were also involved in the underground railroad. Clearly Amy Post’s activist worlds were expanding, complicating her relationship to the Hicksite meeting and opening up new possibilities for transforming society.
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Spiro, S. G. "Lung cancer." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 3514–33. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.181901_update_003.
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Lung cancer remains the commonest killing cancer in both men and women in the developed world, and is increasingly common in developing countries, although as a result of decreased tobacco consumption in Western countries there has been a considerable reduction in the incidence amongst men over the last 20 years, and a slowing down in incidence in women over the last few years. Nevertheless, lung cancer in women is commoner than breast cancer in some Western countries. There are several important industrial associations with lung cancer, in particular asbestos, but tobacco remains by far the most important cause....
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Spiro, S. G., and N. Navani. "Lung cancer." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Pallav L. Shah, 4338–59. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0438.
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Lung cancer remains the commonest killing cancer in both men and women in the developed world, and is increasingly common in developing countries, although as a result of decreased tobacco consumption in Western countries there has been a considerable reduction in the incidence among men over the last 20 years, and a slowing down in incidence in women over the last few years. Nevertheless, lung cancer is a greater cause of mortality in women than breast cancer in Western countries. There are several important industrial associations with lung cancer, in particular asbestos, but tobacco remains by far the most important cause. There are four main cell types of lung cancer, of which adeno-, squamous, and large-cell varieties comprise non-small cell lung cancer, with the more aggressive type—small cell—being regarded as a separate entity from the point of view of treatment.
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Klitzman, Robert L. "Choosing Policies." In Designing Babies, edited by Robert L. Klitzman, 252–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054472.003.0018.
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The United States regulates assisted reproductive technologies far less than do other Western countries, most of which have more nationalized health insurance. US states vary widely in whether they have any laws and, if so, what. Governmental agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and professional organizations (e.g., American Medical Association, American Society of Reproductive Medicine) have begun addressing several areas but could potentially do more. Improved national and professional policies are needed regarding several areas, including egg and sperm donation, egg donor agencies, numbers of embryos transferred into wombs, gestational surrogacy, oversight of providers, insurance coverage, and data collection. Doctors generally perceive problems in the field but argue that industry self-regulation, rather than government policy, is adequate. Yet many providers fail to follow current guidelines and regulations. Moreover, new technologies continue to develop, including gene editing of embryos through CRISPR and mitochondrial replacement therapy (so-called three-parent babies). More data and research are crucial on current use of procedures and long-term medical and psychological follow-up of patients, egg donors, gestational surrogates, and offspring, to evaluate, for instance, the effectiveness of egg freezing and longitudinal follow-up of children born through these procedures.
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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Animals, Fungi, and Microorganisms." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0011.
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Although plants are the major living components of terrestrial geoecosystems, other organisms are very important. Some animals move large amounts of soil, and many microoganisms promote the weathering of rocks and minerals in soils. Perhaps the greatest effects of animals, fungi, and microorganisms on geoecosystems are indirect through their effects on plants and plant communities. Mycorrhizal fungi are beneficial to plants in nutrient-limiting substrates where the fungi can scavenge phosphorous and nitrogen for plants. Many animals, from large ungulates (moose, elk, deer, etc.) to microscopic nematodes, graze on the leaves and roots of plants. Microorganisms cause many diseases in plants. A complete inventory of plant interactions with other organisms is virtually limitless. This chapter concentrates on organisms that live in serpentine soils, that live on ultramafic rocks, or that are dependent on plants that grow on serpentine soils. There have been few field investigations of living organisms, other than plants, on serpentine soils. Many of the investigations on animals, fungi, and microorganisms in serpentine soils of the western North America have been conducted on Jasper Ridge in San Mateo County, and some have been on Coyote Ridge in Santa Clara County and on the McLaughlin Reserve in Napa and Lake counties, California. Some investigations of animals and other organisms for which there are no published accounts relating to serpentine soils in western North America (e.g., termites) are cited from other areas. The associations of organisms with serpentine soils, whether utilization or avoidance, largely depend on the chemistry of the soil parent materials. Therefore, this chapter begins with a review of the effects of serpentine chemistry on living organisms. Organisms are about 50% or more water. Moss plants that are less than 50% water when desiccated can absorb much more water than their dry weights to increase their weights several fold within hours. About half of the biomass of living organisms that is not water is carbon. Other than water, carbon dominates the chemistry of all organisms. It forms large polymers that are far beyond the capabilities of other elements. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the primary source of carbon in soils.
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Rogler, Gerhard. "Inflammatory bowel disease: basic mechanisms." In ESC CardioMed, 1121–25. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0274.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 1 in 200 people in Western countries with the two main forms being Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Clinically, IBD is characterized by chronic diarrhoea, bloody bowel movements, abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, fever, and extraintestinal manifestations such as arthralgia or skin affections. In rare cases, pericarditis or myocardial involvement is found. Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 250 genetic susceptibility factors. Additionally, so-far unidentified environmental factors play an important role in IBD pathophysiology. They may directly act on the intestinal mucosa or mediate their effects via the intestinal microbiota which is altered in its diversity. In patients with IBD, a ‘leaky’ intestinal barrier and impaired intestinal defence leads to increased bacterial invasion into the epithelial mucus layer and to bacterial translocation into the bloodstream. Bacterial wall products such as lipopolysaccharides are found in higher concentrations in IBD patients.
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Smallman-Raynor, Matthew, and Andrew Cliff. "Asia and the Far East: Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases." In War Epidemics. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233640.003.0020.
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In the last chapter, our consideration of camp epidemics ended with an examination of a strange and debilitating illness that, prior to World War II, was hardly known to medical science—Q fever or ‘Balkan grippe’. Historically, Q fever is one of many seemingly ‘new’ diseases that have suddenly and unexpectedly erupted into military conciousness. In Chapter 2, for example, we saw how maladies such as the mysterious English sweating sickness, along with venereal syphilis, typhus fever, and yellow fever, appeared—ostensibly for the first time—in association with wars of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. More recently, trench fever (World War I, 1914–18), scrub typhus (World War II, 1939–45) and Korean haemorrhagic fever (Korean War, 1950–3) provide twentieth-century examples of the emergence phenomenon (Macpherson et al., 1922–3; Philip, 1948; Gajdusek, 1956). At the same time, wars have also served to fuel the epidemic re-emergence of many classical diseases, of which human plague (Vietnam War, 1964–73), visceral leishmaniasis (Sudanese Civil War, 1956–), and diphtheria (Tajikistan Civil War, 1992–) are recent instances (Velimirovic, 1972; Seaman et al., 1996; Keshavjee and Becerra, 2000). In the present chapter, we develop the theme of war and disease emergence and re-emergence, taking selected conflicts and diseases in the Asian and Far Eastern theatres to provide examples. We begin in Sect. 9.2 by locating war within the broader conceptual framework of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Subsequent sections examine the wartime emergence of three zoonoses which, on their novel appearance in deployed western troops, prompted a series of landmark epidemiological investigations into the diseases concerned: scrub typhus among Allied forces in Burma–India during World War II (Sect. 9.3) and Japanese encephalitis and Korean haemorrhagic fever in the UN Command during the Korean War (Sect. 9.4). We then turn to the wartime re-emergence of classical diseases, illustrating the theme with reference to US troops (malaria) and Vietnamese civilians (human plague) during the Vietnam War (Sect. 9.5). The chapter is concluded in Section 9.6.
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Nēmec, Václav. "Introduction." In Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085938.003.0006.
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Friends and associates of Daniel F. Merriam have prepared this volume in Dan's honor to commemorate his 65th birthday and mark the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology. This compendium is in the tradition of the Festschriften issued by European universities and scholarly organizations to honor an individual who has bequeathed an exceptional legacy to his students, associates, and his discipline. Certainly Dan has made such an impact on geology, and particularly mathematical geology. It is a great privilege for rne to write the introduction to this Festschrift. The editors are to be congratulated for their idea to collect and to publish so many representative scientific articles written by famous authors of several generations. Dan Merriam is the most famous mathematical geologist, in the world. This statement will probably provoke some criticism against an over-glorification of Dan. Some readers will have their own candidates (including themselves) for such a top position. I would like to bring a testimony that the statement is correct and far from an ad hoc judgment only for this solemn occasion. It may be of interest to describe how I became acquainted with Dan. In my opinion this will show how thin and delicate was the original tissue of invisible ties which helped to build up the first contacts among Western and Eastern colleagues in the completely new discipline of mathematical geology. The role of Dan Merriam in opening and increasing these contacts has been very active indeed. In the Fall 1964 I was on a family visit in the United States. This was— after the coup of Prague in 1948—my first travel to the free Western world. With some experience in computerized evaluation of ore deposits, I was curious to see the application of computers in geology and to meet colleagues who had experience with introducing statistical methods into regular estimation of ore reserves. I had very useful contacts in Colorado and in Arizona. In Tucson I visited the real birthplace of the APCOM symposia.
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Kroczak, Hanna. "Od wyuczonej bezradności do uaktywnionej zaradności – determinanty aktywizowania i „przełamywania” syndromu kultury ubóstwa. Studium przypadku popegeerowskiej wsi Kubanki." In Więzi społeczne, sieci społeczne w perspektywie procesów inkluzji i wykluczenia społecznego. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/7969-483-9.11.
Full textAbstract:
Within 50 years of socialist realism in Poland, Polish forms of a social subclass and the culture of poverty distinguishing it appeared and became established in the specific community of State- Owned Farms. In the face of the lack of data update for over 10 years, the achievements of Polish researchers in this field so far leave many intriguing questions unanswered. The most important questions became an inspiration to make in the year 2011 an analysis of the study of the case of Kubanki village in the Region of Western Pomerania. The data gathered in this research have made it possible to diagnose the lack of a widespread occurrence of many indicators of the complex syndrome of the culture of poverty in that community. The data show concrete factors, which could and can block the process of development of the discussed phenomenon in the practice of social life, as well as eliminate individual detailed characteristics of the syndrome of the culture of poverty. In research practice, different types of indirect evidence have led to direct association of certain conditions occurring in Kubanki and in the surroundings with improvement of the residents’ life situation. These circumstances are directly connected with a broadly understood human activity and its conditions. In the discourse on contemporary social policy, the aspect of activation of individuals increases in popularity. This activation is to be an important factor on the path of transition from welfare state to welfare society. Observations made during the research mentioned above are placed into the context based on these guidelines. In accordance with these observations, in the light of the concept of the culture of poverty, the “overcoming” of this syndrome in the community can be done thanks to a far-flung activation of its members. As a result, this can lead to the transition from the culture of poverty, dependence on welfare, and so-called acquired helplessness to the culture of self-reliance, independence, and resourcefulness. The goal of the text is depiction of inspirations (determinants) in the scope of activation of this process.