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Journal articles on the topic "Western Gas Association"
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Erinjery, Joseph J., Honnavalli N. Kumara, T. S. Kavana, and Mewa Singh. "Are interspecific associations of primates in the Western Ghats a matter of chance? A case study of the lion-tailed macaque." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000528.
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Abstract:When animals or groups of animals in their wild habitats come close to each other within a defined distance, it is termed as an association. Observing two groups of the lion-tailed macaque at Nelliyampathy and Andiparai forests of the Western Ghats of India, we asked whether the lion-tailed macaque associations with the sympatric Nilgiri langur and bonnet macaque were by chance or had any biological significance. Employing ‘all occurrences’ sampling, we recorded an association if a group of another primate species came within 30 m of the focal group of the lion-tailed macaque. Date, time, associating species, activity of the study species and of the associating species, type of interaction, aggressor and the recipient, species displaced and duration of the association were recorded. We used the Waser gas model to calculate the expected frequency and duration of associations and compared them with the observed associations. The lion-tailed macaque spent less time in associations than expected. The lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri langur initiated associations less often, and remained in association for less time, than expected by chance. Whereas the expected and observed initiation of associations between the lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri langur in Nelliyampathy was significantly different (expected rate = 153; observed rate = 64), in Andiparai, it was not (expected rate = 55.5; observed rate = 61). The expected and observed association duration was significantly different in Nelliyampathy (expected duration = 54 min; observed duration = 15 min) and Andiparai (expected duration = 48 min; observed duration = 19 min). In contrast, we detected few differences between observed and expected association frequency for the lion-tailed macaque and the bonnet macaque. Aggressive interactions were common in areas where density of the Nilgiri langur groups was high. This is the first study on Asian primates using the ideal gas approach to show that primates do not form active associations with each other.
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Osadetz, Kirk G., Andrew Mort, Lloyd R. Snowdon, Donald C. Lawton, Zhuoheng Chen, and Amin Saeedfar. "Western Canada Sedimentary Basin petroleum systems: A working and evolving paradigm." Interpretation 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): SE63—SE98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0165.1.
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) crude oil source rocks accumulated typically in “starved” depositional settings of Sloss outer detrital facies belts and lesser stratigraphic cycles. These produced petroleum from marine type II organic matter in response to burial by commonly westward-thickening overlying successions. Oil occurs commonly within the “Sloss” sequence containing its source rock, often up dip from the “petroleum kitchen.” Migration pathways cross stratal contacts, unconformities and structures, and much oil migrated into adjacent sequences, especially into Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group reservoirs. Anaerobic biodegradation affects oil quality and generates secondary biogenic gas. The WCSB oil system paradigm predates the recognition of anaerobic biodegradation. Biodegradation in post-Mannville reservoirs remains underappreciated. Natural gases originate by thermogenic and biogenic mechanisms from kerogens, coals, and crude oils. Gases are variably altered: physically, microbially, and inorganically. Few oil studies addressed solution and associated primary thermogenic or secondary biogenic gas. Gas studies are independent of oil studies and none recognize secondary biogenic gas even in association with biodegraded oils. We hypothesize that secondary biogenic gas occurs commonly, often mixed with other gas, to produce hydrocarbon isotope ratios and variations distinctive from primary biogenic and thermogenic gases. Where Mannville oil pools have sources in underlying marine rocks, Mannville gases are attributed largely to nonmarine sources. Currently, cross-stratal migration is inferred less commonly for gas than for oil. The inference of gas stratigraphic immobility is problematic for biodegradation studies that infer large secondary biogenic gas fluxes into soil and atmospheric sinks, the migration pathways of which pass through Cretaceous strata. In some unconventional plays, gas isotopic “rollover” and “reversal” due to thermal cracking has implications for reservoir performance. Efforts to understand Cordilleran petroleum systems merit investigation to extend unconventional resource plays westward from Interior Platform.
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Cao, Jingyu, Jing Hu, Siqin Liu, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Reham Abdel-Wahab, Junjie Xu, Qiang Li, et al. "Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Genomic Heterogeneity Between Eastern and Western Patients." JCO Precision Oncology, no. 4 (September 2020): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/po.18.00414.
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PURPOSE Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCA), a global health problem, is increasing in incidence and has differing etiologies worldwide. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is rapidly being incorporated into the clinical management of biliary cancers. IHCCA is enriched with actionable mutations, and there are several promising targeted therapies under development. NGS data from Asia, where IHCCA is most prevalent, are limited. METHODS Comprehensive genomic profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 164 Asian and 283 Western patients with IHCCA was performed using NGS. We measured the distribution of DNA repair genetic aberrations (GAs) in IHCCA, along with actionable mutations. Also, we evaluated the association between DNA repair GAs and tumor mutation burden (TMB). Based on the TMB status, patients were distinguished into 3 levels: low (< 6 mut/Mb), intermediate (6-10 mut/Mb), and high (TMB-H; ≥ 10 mut/Mb). RESULTS Seventy-two percent of Asian patients had ≥ 1 actionable GA, with a significantly higher frequency in KMT2C , BRCA1/2, and DDR2 compared with Western patients ( P = .02, .003, and .003, respectively); 60.9% of Western patients had ≥ 1 actionable GA and higher frequency of CDKN2A/B and IDH1/2 GAs ( P = .0004 and < .001, respectively). GAs in nuclear factor kappa B pathway regulators and DNA repair genes occurred more frequently in Asian patients ( P = .006 and .001, respectively). There was a higher frequency of TMB-H in Asian compared with the Western cohort (12.2% v 5.9%; P = .07). CONCLUSION A higher burden of DNA repair mutations and frequency of patients with TMB-H in the Asian IHCCA cohort compared with the Western patients suggests a potential role for DNA repair and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the Asian population. Future clinical trials should account for this genetic heterogeneity.
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Waldner, Cheryl L. "The Association Between Exposure to the Oil and Gas Industry and Beef Calf Mortality in Western Canada." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 63, no. 4 (December 2008): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/aeoh.63.4.220-240.
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Syah, Rahmadha Akbar, and Zaki Khudzaifi Mahmud. "Realism in the Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline Project." Indonesian Journal of Energy 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v2i2.39.
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To improve connectivity and energy security, especially natural gas, Southeast Asian countries, under the cooperation of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), are trying to build a gas pipeline that stretches from Indonesia to Myanmar. The project is called the Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP) under the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) scheme. However, regional countries are still dealing with their domestic problems, and there are fears that TAGP is detrimental to producer countries, resulting in the delay of this project as much by as four years – from 2020 to 2024. The uncertainty of the TAGP project further emphasizes that there is a tendency for countries not to adhere to the ASEAN forum’s agreements. Especially if it has to be juxtaposed with the Russian Gas Pipeline project which was built to distribute natural gas to Western European countries, TAGP is still far behind. In designing this paper, the authors use qualitative methods through literature studies by referring to the realism approach of International Relations to dissect TAGP problems. Furthermore, the author also feels the need to accommodate the neorealism approach to be used as a supportive approach in looking at the issues of disobedience in regional countries in supporting the TAGP scheme. Also, the authors conducted a brief comparison between TAGP and the Russian Gas Pipeline to be used as a case study analysis material that would later provide answers of why TAGP failed to go as planned.Keywords: realism, neorealism, TAGP, Russian Gas Pipeline
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Hodge, T. "The Saltfleetby Field, Block L 47/16, Licence PEDL 005, Onshore UK." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 20, no. 1 (2003): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2003.020.01.77.
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AbstractThe Saltfleetby Gas Field is located onshore in East Lincolnshire at the western extent of the Humber Basin, midway between the Southern North Sea gas fields and the established Onshore Oilfields of Welton and Scampton North. Commercial discovery was in 1996, following the re-entry of a 1986 exploration well, confirming the pre-drill belief that the earlier drilling had been mis-appraised. Basic assumptions at the time of drilling the re-entry well suggested a possible 40 BCF gas-in-place in Early Westphalian sandstones. This assessment was based on only a single 2D seismic line, an association with gravity form, and the mud logging information from the earlier exploration well.Full delineation of the field extent following 3D seismic mapping and development drilling has indicated a gas-in-place of 114 BCF. Field development consent was granted in March 1999 and production commenced in December 1999. Initial field production exceeded 50 MMSCFD from four wells and to date (end July 2001) 24 BCF of gas has been produced. Ultimate gas recovery is expected to be 73 BCF proven plus probable reserves. A fifth horizontal well has been drilled in a deeper, Namurian, zone and a sixth well confirmed hydrocarbons in a southern promontory to complete the field development. An 8 km mixed phase export pipeline of 10" diameter exists to the Theddlethorpe processing plant, where gas and condensate is separated. Sharing of Pickerill compression facilities, located at Theddlethorpe were commissioned late in 2001.
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Stuart, I. A. "The Rough Gas Storage Field, Blocks 47/3d, 47/8b, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 14, no. 1 (1991): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.1991.014.01.59.
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AbstractThe Rough Gas Field is operated by British Gas as the world's first offshore gas storage reservoir. This relatively small field (original reserves 366 BCF) is located on the western margin of the Southern North Sea Basin. The reservoir, the Rotliegendes Gp (Leman Sandstone Fm.) average thickness 95 ft, is developed in a basin-margin facies association in which aeolian and wadi-related fluvial processes have interacted. Small-scale dune and interdune sandstones, with generally excellent permeability, alternate with wadi facies sandstones with variable but mainly poorer permeability. The vertical distribution of these facies permits a three-fold zonation of the reservoir. Flow profiles obtained from Production Logging Tools show a very strong correspondence between sedimentary facies and productivity/injectivity. The Carboniferous subcrop includes several very low-permeability sandstone intervals which contact the Rotliegendes at the angular Base Rotliegendes unconformity. A small amount of gas from these sandstones seeps across the unconformity surface into the Rotliegendes. The Rough Field was discovered by Gulf in 1968, and was operated by Amoco on a conventional depletion basis with 6 development wells from 1975 until the early 1980s. In 1980 British Gas secured 100% ownership of the Field and its facilities, and converted it to storage mode. Excess summer supplies are injected into the reservoir, to be produced during the winter to meet the peak demand. Conversion to storage mode has necessitated the installation of substantial new facilities, and the drilling of 23 further wells. First injection of gas was achieved in 1985.
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Lin, Jie-sheng, Hong-li Dong, Geng-dong Chen, Zhan-yong Chen, Xiao-wei Dong, Ju-sheng Zheng, and Yu-ming Chen. "Erythrocyte Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Men and Women: A Prospective Cohort Study." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101393.
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The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) is reported in Western populations with inconsistent results, while evidence from Asian populations is scarce. We aimed to examine the associations between erythrocyte SFAs and incident T2D in a Chinese population. Between 2008 and 2013, a total of 2683 participants, aged 40–75 years, free of diabetes were included in the present analyses. Incident T2D cases were ascertained during follow-up visits. Gas chromatography was used to measure erythrocyte fatty acids at baseline. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 13,508 person years of follow-up, 216 T2D cases were identified. Compared with the first quartile, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the fourth quartile were 1.20 (0.82–1.76; p = 0.242) for myristic acid (14-carbon tail, zero double bonds; 14:0), 0.69 (0.48–0.99; p = 0.080) for palmitic acid (16:0), 1.49 (1.02–2.19; p = 0.047) for stearic acid (18:0), 1.46 (1.00–2.12; p = 0.035) for arachidic acid (20:0), 1.48 (0.99–2.22; p = 0.061) for behenic acid (22:0), and 1.08 (0.74–1.56; p = 0.913) for lignoceric acid (24:0). Our findings indicate that individual erythrocyte SFAs are associated with T2D in different directions, with 18:0 and 20:0 SFAs positively associated with the risk, whereas no convincing inverse association for 16:0 SFAs.
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Solano, Nisael, Liliana Zambrano, and Roberto Aguilera. "Cumulative-Gas-Production Distribution on the Nikanassin Tight Gas Formation, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 14, no. 03 (May 16, 2011): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/132923-pa.
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Summary 271 wells producing exclusively from the Nikanassin and equivalent formations in a very large area of more than 15,000 km2 in the Western Canada Sedimentary basin (WCSB), Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, have been evaluated with a view to determine the distribution of cumulative gas production and the possibilities of intensive infill drilling. The Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Nikanassin formation is generally characterized as a tight gas formation with low values of permeability (typically a fraction of millidarcy) and low porosities (usually less than 6%). It is likely that natural microfractures and slot pores dominate the productivity of the formation. The study area was divided into six smaller narrow areas (A through F) approximately parallel to the northwest/southeast-trending thrust belt of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Area A is located to the west of the deformation edge, Area B is on the deformation edge, and Areas C through F are located to the east. Area C is the deepest and closest to the thrust belt, whereas Area F is the shallowest and farthest from the thrust belt. Cumulative production characteristics within each area were evaluated with a variability distribution model (VDM) developed recently for naturally fractured reservoirs. The evaluation of each one of the six areas (271 wells) resulted in coefficients of determination, R2 greater than 0.99 in all cases. The results indicate that the gas cumulative production distribution per well is more homogeneous along the deformation edge (Area B), in which 80% of the wells contribute approximately 50% of the cumulative production. The highest heterogeneity was found in Area F (the shallowest), with 80% of the wells contributing only 25% of the cumulative gas production. Areas A, C, D, and E have more or less the same distribution with 80% of the wells contributing between 35 and 45% of the cumulative gas production. In preliminary terms, there is an association between the cumulative-production distribution and lateral variations of borehole breakouts in the Nikanassin formation on a transect perpendicular to the deformation belt of the WCSB. Analysis of the distributions leads to the conclusion that the Nikanassin is a very heterogeneous formation and that there is significant potential for massive drilling to efficiently drain the formation. The possibilities of horizontal wells and multistage hydraulic-fracturing jobs are being investigated at this time.
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Pan, Xiong-Fei, Yichao Huang, Xinping Li, Yi Wang, Yi Ye, Huan Chen, Matti Marklund, et al. "Circulating fatty acids and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective analyses in China." European Journal of Endocrinology 185, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-21-0118.
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Objective We aimed to examine prospective associations between circulating fatty acids in early pregnancy and incident gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Chinese pregnant women. Methods Analyses were based on two prospective nested case-control studies conducted in western China (336 GDM cases and 672 matched controls) and central China (305 cases and 305 matched controls). Fasting plasma fatty acids in early pregnancy (gestational age at enrollment: 10.4 weeks(s.d., 2.0)) and 13.2 weeks (1.0), respectively) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and GDM was diagnosed based on the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria during 24–28 weeks of gestation. Multiple metabolic biomarkers (HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), HbA1c, c-peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, and blood lipids) were additionally measured among 672 non-GDM controls at enrollment. Results Higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 14:0 (pooled odds ratio, 1.41 for each 1-s.d. increase; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.59) and 16:0 (1.19; 1.05, 1.35) were associated with higher odds of GDM. Higher levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 18:2n-6 were strongly associated with lower odds of GDM (0.69; 0.60, 0.80). In non-GDM pregnant women, higher SFAs 14:0 and 16:0 but lower n-6 PUFA 18:2n-6 were generally correlated with unfavorable metabolic profiles. Conclusions We documented adverse associations of 14:0 and 16:0 but a protective association of 18:2n-6 with GDM among Chinese pregnant women. Our findings highlight the distinct roles of specific fatty acids in the onset of GDM.
Books on the topic "Western Gas Association"
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to amend the Gas inspection act. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to incorporate the Canadian Bankers' Association. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to incorporate the Toronto Corn Exchange Association. Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act respecting the Restigouche and Western Railway Company. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the Brandon and South-Western Railway Company. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2002.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the Act incorporating the Mutual Life Association of Canada. Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to incorporate the Alaska and North-Western Railway Company. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the Manitoba and North-Western Railway Company of Canada. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. [Bill]: An act to amend the Acts of Incorporation of the Great Western Railway Company. Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the Ontario Mutual Life Assurance Company, and to change its name to "The Mutual Life Assurance Company of Canada". Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Western Gas Association"
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Haslop, Craig. "Torchwood’s Supermen." In Toxic Masculinity, 103–18. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496828934.003.0007.
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Focusing on the spin-off series Torchwood, lauded by academics and popular media for its liberating and frank representations of fluid sexuality, this chapter discusses audience research using focus groups exploring Torchwood’s representations of queer masculinity, analyzing respondents’ responses to the masculinity of the leading character, Captain Jack Harkness, and the recurring character, Captain John Hart. While not ostensibly superheroes or supervillains in the comic book sense, research participants positioned them as super-human or god-like. Using the notion of homonormativity, the pressure on queer people to conform to heteronormativity, this chapter highlights how, despite foregrounding the leading man as fluidly sexual, Torchwood suggests a homonormative hypermasculinity dominating much of Western gay male culture, which deradicalizes queer identity and renders it safe for heteronormativity and, by association, hypermasculinity.
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Khayesi, Meleckidzedeck. "Talent and Africa Standing on Its Own Feet." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 54–73. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6471-4.ch004.
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The objective of this case study is to examine how a farmer, Mr. Alex Omwela Adala, has utilised his talent to create self-reinforcing agricultural enterprises to stand on his own feet. This study addresses a gap in past research on entrepreneurship which tended to focus on profiles of entrepreneurs as well as development and outcomes of investment in businesses. Starting literally from scratch, this farmer has currently nine self-reinforcing agricultural enterprises that have enabled him to cater for his family needs and provide technical support to other small-scale farmers. He has played a key role in founding and managing the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya, Western Kenya Branch. The contribution of this chapter is in using a case study method and a transformative story to learn about talent exploitation for individual and community development. The chapter does not only provide an approach of data collection but also experiential insights and wisdom of an entrepreneur who has travelled the path of investment for 30 years.
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Claster, William, Nader Ghotbi, and Subana Shanmuganathan. "Data-Mining Techniques for an Analysis Of Non-Conventional Methodologies." In Biomedical Knowledge Management, 82–91. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-266-4.ch006.
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Some common methodologies in our everyday life are not based on modern scientific knowledge but rather a set of experiences that have established themselves through years of practice. As a good example, there are many forms of alternative medicine, quite popular, however difficult to comprehend by conventional western medicine. The diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies are very different and sometimes unique, compared to that of western medicine. How can we verify and analyze such methodologies through modern scientific methods? We present a case study where data-mining was able to fill this gap and provide us with many tools for investigation. Osteopathy is a popular alternative medicine methodology to treat musculoskeletal complaints in Japan. Using data-mining methodologies, we could overcome some of the analytical problems in an investigation. We studied diagnostic records from a very popular osteopathy clinic in Osaka, Japan that included over 30,000 patient visits over 6 years of practice. The data consists of some careful measurements of tissue electro-conductivity differences at 5 anatomical positions. Data mining and knowledge discovery algorithms were applied to search for meaningful associations within the patient data elements recorded. This study helped us scientifically investigate the diagnostic methodology adopted by the osteopath.
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Olyan, Saul M. "Introduction." In Friendship in the Hebrew Bible. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300182682.003.0001.
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What is friendship? At first blush, the answer seems obvious: Friendship is a voluntary association between people who enjoy one another’s company and care, at least to some degree, about one another’s welfare. But this definition, which would probably elicit few objections from most present-day Europeans and North Americans, does not address a number of contested issues in contemporary Western friendship. For example, is it possible for men and women to be friends? Must friends be peers in every respect, or is there room for age differences, or inequality of income, social status, or power? Can parents and children be friends? Might sexual relations play a role in friendship? Does friendship necessarily involve emotional intimacy? Are there contrasting male and female, gay and straight, working-class and middle-class friendship patterns? Each of these questions would very likely stimulate debate among the people I know, and the answers would probably depend on some combination of the generation, gender, sexual orientation, class, and cultural background of the respondent. Apart from agreeing that friends associate voluntarily, like one another, and take an interest in one another’s well-being, there might not be much consensus among my friends, neighbors, colleagues, students, and family members about the contested aspects of friendship that I have mentioned. Were we to go beyond speculation about the views of the people I encounter in my life, and conduct research on the beliefs about friendship held by a larger population of contemporary North Americans or other Westerners, I would expect to find even less agreement about what constitutes friendship. In short, friendship as we know it in contemporary Europe and North America is shaped by a variety of socio-cultural influences and ...
Conference papers on the topic "Western Gas Association"
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Tahmeen, Mazeda, Geir Hareland, and Zebing Wu. "Real Time Application of Bearing Wear Prediction Model Using Intelligent Drilling Advisory System." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64010.
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The real-time prediction of bearing wear for roller cone bits using the Intelligent Drilling Advisory system (IDAs) may result in better performance in oil and gas drilling operations and reduce total drilling cost. IDAs is a real time engineering software and being developed for the oil and gas industry to enhance the performance of complex drilling processes providing meaningful analysis of drilling operational data. The prediction of bearing wear for roller cone bits is one of the most important engineering modules included into IDAs to analyze the drilling data in real time environment. The ‘Bearing Wear Prediction’ module in IDAs uses a newly developed wear model considering drilling parameters such as, weight on bit (WOB), revolution per minute (RPM), diameter of bit and hours drilled as a function of IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors) bit bearing wear. The drilling engineers can evaluate bearing wear status including cumulative wear of roller cone bit in real time while drilling, using this intelligent system and make a decision on when to pull out the bit in time to avoid bearing failure. The wear prediction module, as well as the intelligent system has been successfully tested and verified with field data from different wells drilled in Western Canada. The estimated cumulative wears from the analysis match close with the corresponding field values.
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Price, Henry, Mark Mehos, Chuck Kutscher, and Nate Blair. "Current and Future Economics of Parabolic Trough Technology." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36171.
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Solar energy is the largest energy resource on the planet. Unfortunately, it is largely untapped at present, in part because sunlight is a very diffuse energy source. Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems use low cost reflectors to concentrate the sun’s energy to allow it to be used more effectively. Concentrating solar power systems are also well suited for large solar power plants that can be connected into the existing utility infrastructure. These two facts mean that CSP systems can be used to make a meaningful difference in energy supply in a relatively short period. CSP plants are best suited for the arid climates in the Southwestern United States, Northern Mexico, and many desert regions around the globe. A recent Western Governors’ Association siting study [1] found that the solar potential in the U.S. Southwest is at least 4 times the total U.S. electric demand even after eliminating urban areas, environmentally sensitive areas, and all regions with a ground slope greater than 1%.While it is currently not practical to power the whole county from the desert southwest, only a small portion of this area is needed to make a substantial contribution to future U.S. electric needs. Many of the best sites are near existing high-voltage transmission lines and close to major power load centers in the Southwest (Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Phoenix). In addition, the power provided by CSP technologies has strong coincidence with peak electric demand, especially in the Southwest where peak demand corresponds in large part to air conditioning loads. Parabolic troughs currently represent the most cost-effective CSP technology for developing large utility-scale solar electric power systems. These systems are also one of the most mature solar technologies, with commercial utility-scale plants that have been operating for over 20 years. In addition, substantial improvements have been made to the technology in recent years including improved efficiency and the addition of thermal energy storage. The main issue for parabolic trough technology is that the cost of electricity is still higher than the cost of electricity from conventional natural gas-fired power plants. Although higher natural gas prices are helping to substantially reduce the difference between the cost of electricity from solar and natural gas plants, in the near-term increased incentives such as the 30% Investment Tax Credit (ITC) are needed to make CSP technology approach competitiveness with natural gas power on a financial basis. In the longer term, additional reductions in the cost of the technology will be necessary. This paper looks at the near-term potential for parabolic trough technology to compete with conventional fossil power resources in the firm, intermediate load power market and at the longer term potential to compete in the baseload power market. The paper will consider the potential impact of a reduced carbon emissions future.
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Kos, M., F. X. Hainz, I. Assmann, M. Kundi, I. Pabinger, S. Panzer, Ch Korninger, Ch Kunz, and K. Lechner. "RISK FACTORS FOR AIDS AND ARC IN MULTITRANSHJSED HAEMOPHILIACS: ASSOCIATION OF A WEAK GAG P 18 IN WESTERN BLOT (WB) AND IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA?" In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644680.
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Lymphocyte subsets, platelet counts, immune globulin levels and antibody to HIV (Elisa, WB) were determined in 87 multitransfused asymptomatic haemophiliacs in 1982/83. Between 1982 and 1987 6 patients developed AIDS and 5 ARC (3 immune thrombocytopenia and 2 lymphadenopathy). AIDS or ARC developed in seropositive patients only (11/49). Patients who subsequently developed AIDS or ARC showed significantly lower numbers of T helper lymphocytes (378/mm3 versus 605/mm3; p 0.01), lower platelet counts (157x109 versus 194x109; p 0.05) and higher levels of IgG (2528 mg/dl versus 1992 mg/dl; p 0.01). AIDS or ARC occured in 4 of 7 patients(57.1%) with a low HIV antibody level ( 2000), but only in 7 of 42 (16.6%) with a high level of antibody to HIV ( 2000). A weak gag p 24 in WB was found in 4 of 11 patients (36.3%) who subsequently acquired AIDS or ARC , while none of the patients whq remained asymptomatic displayed this reactivity pattern in WB. 9 patients showed a weak gag p 18 in WB. 8 of them (88.8%) have platelet counts below 120x109 /1, 3 developed imiruine thrombocytopenia with platelet counts of less than 50xl09. Oily 6 of 40 patients (15%) without this reactivity pattern in WB have platelet counts lower than 120x109 and none below 50xl09.We conclude that a weak gag p 24 in WB has a strong positive predictive power for the development of AIDS or ARC in seropositive haemophiliacs. A weak gag p 18 in WB could possibly be associated with the occurence of immune thrombocytopenia in these patients.
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Guinard, L., S. Parey, L. Grammosenis, and H. Cordier. "Protection of Nuclear Power Plants Against Natural Hazards: Consideration for EDF’s Nuclear Facilities of Decamillennial Events (WENRA RL T4.2)." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16187.
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Abstract Following the Fukushima Daiichi accident, the Western European Nuclear Regulators Association (WENRA) updated in 2014 the safety reference levels (SRL) for existing reactors, introducing a new chapter specific to natural hazards. In 2015, in preparation for the 4th periodic safety review of its 900 MW units, EDF aimed at meeting these new reference levels. While many of them were already satisfied for a long time by EDF (for example: Identification of natural hazards, Site specific natural hazard screening and assessment, Protection against design basis events), several of them were new objectives: - T4.2: The exceedance frequencies of design basis events shall be low enough to ensure a high degree of protection with respect to natural hazards. A common target value of frequency, not higher than 10−4 per annum, shall be used for each design basis event. Where it is not possible to calculate these probabilities with an acceptable degree of certainty, an event shall be chosen and justified to reach an equivalent level of safety. - T6.1: Events that are more severe than the design basis events shall be identified as part of DEC analysis. This article focuses on the first objective that is WENRA RL T4.2. Estimating a 10−4 Return Level for natural hazards is generally based on the application of the statistical Extreme Value Theory (EVT). In case of lack of reliable data or intermittent phenomenon, it is difficult to estimate such a level. With regard to the intensity of natural hazard to be used to define the protections, EDF has developed an approach distinguishing 3 types of hazards: - Those for which 10−4 level is definable, as earthquake, external flooding and tornado. For these hazards, the facilities are already protected against this level of hazard. - Those for which the 10−4 level is evaluated indirectly, such as cold temperatures, warm temperatures, and high winds. For those, EDF defined a “WENRA hazard”, which complements the Design Basis Hazard, and verified the capacity of the facilities to cope with it. This hazard is determined on the basis of a value with a “reasonably quantifiable” frequency of occurrence (typically a 100-year return period), to which EDF then adds a margin to target a level of risk that can reach a 10−4 level. The method of quantification of this margin crosses different approaches (mainly the gap between the observed records and statistical extrapolation) - Those for which the 10−4 level is considered not relevant, such as lightning or snow. For lightning, the robustness is ensured on the one hand by taking into account for the Design Basis lightning the highest level of the standard AFNOR NF EN 62305-1 and on the other hand by the protection of the hardened safety core equipments against an extreme lightning level. For snow, protection is based on the normative context with margins for some sites. The robustness of the structures and the organizational arrangements make it possible to cope with snow levels higher than those used for the design basis. In conclusion, the capacity of the EDF 900 MW NPPs to cope with high level of natural hazard (equivalent to decamillennial events) is being verified through the 4th periodic safety reviews, in compliance with WENRA reference level T4.2.