Academic literature on the topic 'Western Highlands Association for the Disabled'

Abstract The association between convection and African easterly wave (AEW) activity over tropical Africa and the tropical Atlantic during the boreal summer is examined using satellite brightness temperature (TB) and ECMWF reanalysis datasets. Spectral analysis using 18 yr of TB data shows significant variance in the 2–6-day range across most of the region. Within the regions of deep convection, this time scale accounts for about 25%–35% of the total variance. The 2–6-day convective variance has similar amplitudes over western and eastern Africa, while dynamic measures of AEW activity show stronger amplitudes in the west. This study suggests that weak AEW activity in the east is consistent with initial wave development there and indicates that convection triggered on the western side of the mountains over central and eastern Africa, near Darfur (western Sudan) and Ethiopia, has a role in initiating AEWs westward. The subsequent development and growth of AEWs in West Africa is associated with stronger coherence with convection there. Results show large year-to-year variability in convection at the 2–6-day time scale, which tends to vary consistently with the mean convection and dynamical measures of AEW activity over West Africa and the Atlantic, but not over central and eastern Africa. The Darfur region is particularly important for providing convective precursors that propagate westward and trigger AEWs downstream. During wet years, convection over eastern Africa (western Ethiopian highlands) can be a significant source of AEW initiation. In addition to being important for precursors of AEWs, the Darfur region is also a source of convection that propagates eastward toward Ethiopia.

The hitherto unknown larva of Apatania theischingerorum Malicky 1981 is described, based on the association with adult females using sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase region. Genetic data confirmed the distinct status of this taxon within the parthenogenetic Apatania muliebris complex (Schmid 1954). We provide information on the morphology of the larva and figure the most important diagnostic features. Apatania theischingerorum is morphologically close to A. fimbriata (Pictet 1834). In the context of the Apataniidae key of Waringer et al. (2015), the species pair can be separated by pleural setation patterns on abdominal segment I and by their distribution ranges in Europe: A. fimbriata is known from the Alps, the western and central highlands, the western plains, the Hungarian lowlands and the Carpathians, whereas A. theischingerorum has been recorded exclusively on the Iberian peninsula.

The Papua New Guinea (PNG) species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794, are revised, based on the study of 7,411 databased specimens. The two previously named species are redescribed, and 130 new species are described. The species are placed in 32 species groups. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), scanning electron micrographs of representative species are given, and geographic distributions are mapped. Male genitalia, representative female terminal abdominal segments and representative spermathecae are illustrated. Papua New Guinea Hydraena species are typically found in sandy/gravelly stream margins, often in association with streamside litter; some species are primarily pond or swamp dwelling, and a few species are usually found in the hygropetric splash zone on stream boulders or on rocks at the margins of waterfalls. The geographic distributions of PNG Hydraena are compared with the Areas of Freshwater Endemism recently proposed by Polhemus and Allen (2007), and found to substantially support those areas. Only one species, H. impercepta Zwick, 1977 is known to be found in both Australia and Papua New Guinea. The probable Australian origins of the PNG hydraenid genera Gymnochthebius and Limnebius are discussed. The origins of just a few species of PNG Hydraena appear to clearly be Australia, and of comparatively recent origin, whereas the origins of the remainder remain problematic because of lack of knowledge of the Hydraena fauna in Papua Province, Indonesia, and islands large and small to the west of New Guinea. No endemic genera of Hydraenidae are currently known for New Guinea, whereas 98% of the known species are endemic. New species of Hydraena are: H. acumena (Eastern Highlands Province: Koma River, tributary of Fio River), H. adelbertensis (Madang Province: Adelbert Mts., below Keki), H. akameku (Madang Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. altapapua (Southern Highlands Province: Sopulkul, 30–35 km NE Mendi), H. ambra (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. ambripes (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Budemu), H. ambroides (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. apertista (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Lower Naho Valley, Hinggia), H. apexa (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. aquila (Madang Province: Simbai area), H. aulaarta (Western Highlands Province: Kundum), H. austrobesa (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. bacchusi (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. balkei (Eastern Highlands Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. bicarinova (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. bifunda (Morobe Province: c. 7 mi. Lae–Bulolo road), H. biundulata (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. brahman (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 4.5 km N Brahman), H. bubulla (Madang Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. buloba (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. buquintana (Western Highlands Province: Mt. Hagen town area), H. carinocisiva (Eastern Highlands Province: Aiyura), H. carmellita (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. cavifrons (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 4.5 km N Brahman), H. cheesmanae (Central Province: Kokoda), H. clarinis (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. colorata (Morobe Province: 5 miles W of Lae, Buins Creek), H. confluenta (Eastern Highlands Province: Umg. [=environs of] Kainantu, Onerunka), H. copulata (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. cunicula (Madang Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. decepta (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. diadema (Eastern Highlands Province: Purosa Valley, nr. Okapa), H. dudgeoni (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. einsteini (Central Province: Port Moresby–Brown River road), H. essentia (Eastern Highlands Province: Sepik River Basin, stream beside milestone labelled G-99), H. exhalista (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. fasciata (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. fascinata (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, nr. Moro), H. fasciolata (Madang Province: Madang, Ohu Village), H. fasciopaca (Madang Province: Keki, Adelbert Mts.), H. fenestella (Morobe Province: Lae-Bulolo road), H. foliobba (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. formosopala (East Sepik Province: Prince Alexander Mts., Wewak), H. funda (Central Province: Moitaka, 7 miles N of Port Moresby), H. fundacta (Madang Province: Adelbert Mts., Sewan–Keki), H. fundapta (Central Province: Port Moresby–Brown River road), H. fundarca (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. fundextra (Morobe Province: Markham Valley, Gusap), H. galea (Eastern Highlands Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 700 m), H. herzogestella (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Bundun), H. hornabrooki (East Sepik Province: Sepik, main river), H. huonica (Madang Province: Kewensa, Finisterre Range, Yupna, Huon Peninsula), H. ibalimi (Sandaun Province: Mianmin), H. idema (Eastern Highlands Province: Umg. [=environs of] Onerunka, Ramu River), H. impala (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. incisiva (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. incista (Western Highlands Province: Simbai, Kairong River), H. infoveola (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. inhalista (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. inplacopaca (Eastern Highlands Province: Waisa, nr. Okapa), H. insandalia (Eastern Highlands Province: Headwaters of Fio River, 0.5 km downstream of river crossing on Herowana/Oke Lookout path, ca. 4.5 km N of Herowana airstrip), H. intensa (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. johncoltranei (National Capital District, Varirata NP), H. jubilata (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Budemu), H. koje (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. koma (Eastern Highlands Province: Koma River, tributary of Fio River, 100 m downstream of rattan bridge crossing, ca. 3.8 km S by E of Herowana airstrip), H. labropaca (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. lassulipes (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. limbobesa (Gulf Province: Marawaka, near Ande), H. maculopala (Madang Province: Madang, Ohu Village), H. manulea (Morobe Province: Lae, Buins Creek), H. manuloides (Central Province: Port Moresby–Brown River road), H. marawaka (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. mercuriala (Sandaun Province: May River), H. mianminica (Sandaun Province:May River), H. nanocolorata (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. nanopala (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. nitidimenta (Eastern Highlands Province: Koma River, tributary of Fio River, at rattan bridge crossing, ca. 2.6 km N by W of Herowana airstrip), H. okapa (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. ollopa (Western Highlands Province: Kundum), H. otiarca (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau, Snake River), H. owenobesa (Morobe Province: ca. 10 km S Garaina Saureri), H. pacificica (Morobe Province: Huon Pen., Kwapsanek), H. pala (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road, Gurakor Creek), H. palamita (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. paxillipes (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road, Patep Creek), H. pectenata (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. pegopyga (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 3 km N Brahman), H. penultimata (Sandaun Province: May River), H. perpunctata (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. pertransversa (Eastern Highlands Province: Clear stream, summit of Kassem Pass at forest level), H. phainops (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road, Patep Creek), H. photogenica (Eastern Highlands Province: Goroka, Mt. Gahavisuka), H. picula (Eastern Highlands Province: Goroka, Daulo Pass), H. pilulambra (Eastern Highlands Province: Clear stream, summit of Kassem Pass at forest level), H. pluralticola (Morobe Province: c. 7 miles Lae–Bulolo road), H. processa (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. quadriplumipes (Madang Province: Aiome area), H. quintana (Morobe Province: Markham Valley, Lae–Kainantu road, Erap R), H. ramuensis (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 6 km N Brahman), H. ramuquintana (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 6 km N Brahman), H. receptiva (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. remulipes (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. reticulobesa (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Moro), H. sagatai (Sandaun Province: Abau River), H. saluta (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. sepikramuensis (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, Sare River, 4 km N Brahman), H. sexarcuata (Eastern Highlands Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. sexsuprema (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. spinobesa (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Budemu), H. striolata (Oro Province: Northern District, Tanbugal Afore village), H. supersexa (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. supina (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. tarsotricha (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau, Snake River), H. tetana (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. thola (Central Province: Port Moresby– Brown River road), H. tholasoris (Morobe Province: Markham Valley, Gusap, c. 90 miles NW of Lae), H. thumbelina (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. thumbelipes (Sandaun Province: Mianmin), H. tibiopaca (Morobe Province: ridge between Aseki–Menyamya), H. torosopala (Madang Province: Keki, Adelbert Mts.), H. torricellica (Morobe Province: Torricelli Mts., village below Sibilanga Stn.), H. transvallis (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. trichotarsa (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. tricosipes (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. tritropis (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. tritutela (Morobe Province: ca. 10 km S Garaina Saureri), H. ulna (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. variopaca (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. velvetina (Eastern Highlands Province: Purosa Valley, nr. Okapa).

SummaryA simple and inexpensive method for monitoring child mortality in association with birth registration was introduced into the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Eight thousand two hundred and one newborn infants were registered in 1988, approximately 77% of all children born in that year. The risk of death by age 2 was determined from reports given by the mother on the present status of a previously born child at the time of a recent delivery or during clinic registration of the current birth. This was 91 per 1000 for the province and corresponds to a risk of death by age 1 of 77/1000 by extrapolation using standard lifetables. This method was validated by comparison with a continuing demographic surveillance system covering 30,000 people in the western part of the province. The new birth certificate has been an incentive to increase supervised delivery rates and to generate a register that can be used to increase vaccination coverage.

This article examines the role of the Western Canadian Association of the Deaf (wcad) in the establishment of the Saskatchewan School for the Deaf (ssd) from 1923–1931. Using correspondence between provincial officials, wcad figures, parents of deaf children, as well as extensive application records and contemporary deaf publications, it contributes to a growing body of historical literature that seeks to reappraise the political advocacy and agency of deaf and disabled people in Canada before the late twentieth century. This article argues that the wcad was instrumental in both forcing the government of Saskatchewan to meaningfully extend compulsory education to deaf children and youth, and in advising the governments of James Gardiner and J.T.M. Anderson on how best to establish an ssd that met many of the Association’s key cultural, linguistic, and educational demands.

The issues of population social security are also urgent in Ukraine in the 21st century. A lotof these issues still remain poorly studied. The purpose of this article is to clarify the circumstances of the social insurance system formation in the post-war policy of Soviet social security system in the western regions of Ukraine. The social security system is characterized by the formation of trade unions according to the industrial-branch principle. The main and only participants in these funds were enterprises, institutions and organizations; therefore, social and insurance assistance was provided to citizens in a centralized manner and had a strictly targeted purpose. All members of trade unions (workers and employees) were entitled to pensions and free medical care being disabled in the event of injury and other illnesses. In kolkhozes, the peasants could not claim the state aid, they should have been paid the aid from the funds of the collective farms on the decision of the general meeting. In the system of social security, public organizations were formed: disablement association (Ukoopinrada and Ukrinstrakhkasa), mutual aid funds (MAF), the Society of deaf people (UTOG) and the Society of blind people (UTOS). Social security bodies lacked funds; therefore, in general, the decrees remained declarative, since all payments were scanty, much lower than the subsistence level. Keywords: social security, trade unions, mutual aid fund, members of kolgosp, pension, disablement

The present study aims to evaluate the reality of the services provided to children with cerebral palsy from the guardians’ perspective and its relation to some relevant variables (i.e. branch of the association, educational level of the parents, monthly income, and number of years for receiving the associations’ services). The study was applied to the families of children with cerebral palsy in (10) centers of the Association of Disabled Children in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a tool for data collection was prepared and verified for validity and reliability. It comprised (47) items distributed to (6) domains. The results showed that the arithmetic means of the domains ranged from (0.65) to (0.84). While “the performance of the administration and staff” was ranked first with an arithmetic mean of (0.84), “the supporting services” domain was ranked last with an arithmetic mean of (0.65), and the tool’s arithmetic mean was (0.71). Additionally, there are no statistically significant differences for (the academic qualification of the father, academic qualification of the mother, average monthly income, and number of years for receiving the associations’ services) variables. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to improve the services provided to children with cerebral palsy in all domains, especially in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

Bentong constituency has always been the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) electoral stronghold and under the Barisan National (BN) coalition since Malaysia's independence in 1957. However, during the 14th Malaysian general election (GE14) political tsunami, the MCA has lost this parliament seat (P89 Bentong) to the Democratic Action Party (DAP), which is under the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition on 9 May 2018. Besides, Bentong is the traditional constituency of the MCA leadership, such as the first Member of Parliament (MP) for Bentong (1959-1989), Tan Sri Chan Siang Sun, retired as Health Minister cum MCA Vice-President. The second MP for Bentong is Tan Sri Lim Ah Lek (1989-1999), and he retired as Human Resources Minister cum MCA Deputy President. Before GE14, Dato' Sri Liow Tiong Lai was the third MP for Bentong (1999-2018) and retired as Transport Minister cum MCA President. Bentong is a district located in western Pahang, Malaysia. In 2005, Bentong officially declared as Bentong Municipal Council. According to Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM, 2011), Bentong population has reached about 115,000 people with administrative covered area of 335 square miles (868 square km) including Bentong Town, Genting Highlands, Karak, Telemong, Manchis, Sungai Dua and Bukit Tinggi. While its control area covered Sungai Gapoi, Simpang Pelangai, Kampung Shafie, Jambu Rias, Janda Baik and Sungai Penjuring. Keywords: Bentong, GE14, Sinchew, Economics, Chinese

Abstract The process of tornadogenesis in complex terrain environments has received relatively little research attention to date. Here, an analysis is presented of a long-lived supercell that became tornadic over complex terrain in association with the Great Barrington, Massachusetts (GBR), F3 tornado of 29 May 1995. The GBR tornado left an almost continuous 50–1000-m-wide damage path that stretched for ∼50 km. The apparent rarity of significant tornadogenesis in rough terrain from a supercell well documented in operational Doppler radar motivated this case study. Doppler radar observations showed that the GBR supercell possessed a midlevel mesocyclone well prior to tornadogenesis and that the mesocyclone intensified as it crossed the eastern edge of New York’s Catskill Mountains and entered the Hudson Valley. Tornadogenesis occurred as the GBR mesocyclone crossed the Hudson Valley and ascended the highlands to the east. Subsequently, the mesocyclone weakened as it approached the Taconic Range in western Massachusetts before it intensified again as it moved downslope into the Housatonic Valley where it was associated with the GBR tornado. Because of a dearth of significant mesoscale surface and upper-air observations, the conclusions and inferences presented in this paper must be necessarily limited and speculative. What data were available suggested that on a day when the mesoscale environment was supportive of supercell thunderstorm development, according to conventional indicators of wind shear and atmospheric stability, topographic configurations and the associated channeling of ambient low-level flows conspired to create local orographic enhancements to tornadogenesis potential. Numerical experimentation is needed to address these inferences, speculative points, and related issues raised by the GBR case study.