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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "New species (130) of the hyperdiverse aquatic beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann from Papua New Guinea, and a preliminary analysis of areas of endemism (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 2944, no. 1 (June 8, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2944.1.1.
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The Papua New Guinea (PNG) species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794, are revised, based on the study of 7,411 databased specimens. The two previously named species are redescribed, and 130 new species are described. The species are placed in 32 species groups. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), scanning electron micrographs of representative species are given, and geographic distributions are mapped. Male genitalia, representative female terminal abdominal segments and representative spermathecae are illustrated. Papua New Guinea Hydraena species are typically found in sandy/gravelly stream margins, often in association with streamside litter; some species are primarily pond or swamp dwelling, and a few species are usually found in the hygropetric splash zone on stream boulders or on rocks at the margins of waterfalls. The geographic distributions of PNG Hydraena are compared with the Areas of Freshwater Endemism recently proposed by Polhemus and Allen (2007), and found to substantially support those areas. Only one species, H. impercepta Zwick, 1977 is known to be found in both Australia and Papua New Guinea. The probable Australian origins of the PNG hydraenid genera Gymnochthebius and Limnebius are discussed. The origins of just a few species of PNG Hydraena appear to clearly be Australia, and of comparatively recent origin, whereas the origins of the remainder remain problematic because of lack of knowledge of the Hydraena fauna in Papua Province, Indonesia, and islands large and small to the west of New Guinea. No endemic genera of Hydraenidae are currently known for New Guinea, whereas 98% of the known species are endemic. New species of Hydraena are: H. acumena (Eastern Highlands Province: Koma River, tributary of Fio River), H. adelbertensis (Madang Province: Adelbert Mts., below Keki), H. akameku (Madang Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. altapapua (Southern Highlands Province: Sopulkul, 30–35 km NE Mendi), H. ambra (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. ambripes (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Budemu), H. ambroides (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. apertista (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Lower Naho Valley, Hinggia), H. apexa (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. aquila (Madang Province: Simbai area), H. aulaarta (Western Highlands Province: Kundum), H. austrobesa (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. bacchusi (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. balkei (Eastern Highlands Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. bicarinova (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. bifunda (Morobe Province: c. 7 mi. Lae–Bulolo road), H. biundulata (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. brahman (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 4.5 km N Brahman), H. bubulla (Madang Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. buloba (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. buquintana (Western Highlands Province: Mt. Hagen town area), H. carinocisiva (Eastern Highlands Province: Aiyura), H. carmellita (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. cavifrons (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 4.5 km N Brahman), H. cheesmanae (Central Province: Kokoda), H. clarinis (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. colorata (Morobe Province: 5 miles W of Lae, Buins Creek), H. confluenta (Eastern Highlands Province: Umg. [=environs of] Kainantu, Onerunka), H. copulata (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. cunicula (Madang Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. decepta (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. diadema (Eastern Highlands Province: Purosa Valley, nr. Okapa), H. dudgeoni (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. einsteini (Central Province: Port Moresby–Brown River road), H. essentia (Eastern Highlands Province: Sepik River Basin, stream beside milestone labelled G-99), H. exhalista (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. fasciata (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. fascinata (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, nr. Moro), H. fasciolata (Madang Province: Madang, Ohu Village), H. fasciopaca (Madang Province: Keki, Adelbert Mts.), H. fenestella (Morobe Province: Lae-Bulolo road), H. foliobba (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. formosopala (East Sepik Province: Prince Alexander Mts., Wewak), H. funda (Central Province: Moitaka, 7 miles N of Port Moresby), H. fundacta (Madang Province: Adelbert Mts., Sewan–Keki), H. fundapta (Central Province: Port Moresby–Brown River road), H. fundarca (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. fundextra (Morobe Province: Markham Valley, Gusap), H. galea (Eastern Highlands Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 700 m), H. herzogestella (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Bundun), H. hornabrooki (East Sepik Province: Sepik, main river), H. huonica (Madang Province: Kewensa, Finisterre Range, Yupna, Huon Peninsula), H. ibalimi (Sandaun Province: Mianmin), H. idema (Eastern Highlands Province: Umg. [=environs of] Onerunka, Ramu River), H. impala (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. incisiva (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. incista (Western Highlands Province: Simbai, Kairong River), H. infoveola (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. inhalista (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. inplacopaca (Eastern Highlands Province: Waisa, nr. Okapa), H. insandalia (Eastern Highlands Province: Headwaters of Fio River, 0.5 km downstream of river crossing on Herowana/Oke Lookout path, ca. 4.5 km N of Herowana airstrip), H. intensa (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. johncoltranei (National Capital District, Varirata NP), H. jubilata (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Budemu), H. koje (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. koma (Eastern Highlands Province: Koma River, tributary of Fio River, 100 m downstream of rattan bridge crossing, ca. 3.8 km S by E of Herowana airstrip), H. labropaca (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. lassulipes (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. limbobesa (Gulf Province: Marawaka, near Ande), H. maculopala (Madang Province: Madang, Ohu Village), H. manulea (Morobe Province: Lae, Buins Creek), H. manuloides (Central Province: Port Moresby–Brown River road), H. marawaka (Gulf Province: Marawaka, Mala), H. mercuriala (Sandaun Province: May River), H. mianminica (Sandaun Province:May River), H. nanocolorata (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. nanopala (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. nitidimenta (Eastern Highlands Province: Koma River, tributary of Fio River, at rattan bridge crossing, ca. 2.6 km N by W of Herowana airstrip), H. okapa (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. ollopa (Western Highlands Province: Kundum), H. otiarca (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau, Snake River), H. owenobesa (Morobe Province: ca. 10 km S Garaina Saureri), H. pacificica (Morobe Province: Huon Pen., Kwapsanek), H. pala (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road, Gurakor Creek), H. palamita (Central Province: nr. Port Moresby, Sogeri Plateau, Musgrave River), H. paxillipes (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road, Patep Creek), H. pectenata (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. pegopyga (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 3 km N Brahman), H. penultimata (Sandaun Province: May River), H. perpunctata (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. pertransversa (Eastern Highlands Province: Clear stream, summit of Kassem Pass at forest level), H. phainops (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road, Patep Creek), H. photogenica (Eastern Highlands Province: Goroka, Mt. Gahavisuka), H. picula (Eastern Highlands Province: Goroka, Daulo Pass), H. pilulambra (Eastern Highlands Province: Clear stream, summit of Kassem Pass at forest level), H. pluralticola (Morobe Province: c. 7 miles Lae–Bulolo road), H. processa (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. quadriplumipes (Madang Province: Aiome area), H. quintana (Morobe Province: Markham Valley, Lae–Kainantu road, Erap R), H. ramuensis (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 6 km N Brahman), H. ramuquintana (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, 6 km N Brahman), H. receptiva (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. remulipes (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. reticulobesa (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Moro), H. sagatai (Sandaun Province: Abau River), H. saluta (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. sepikramuensis (Madang Province: Ramu Valley, Sare River, 4 km N Brahman), H. sexarcuata (Eastern Highlands Province: Akameku–Brahmin, Bismarck Range), H. sexsuprema (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. spinobesa (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Budemu), H. striolata (Oro Province: Northern District, Tanbugal Afore village), H. supersexa (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. supina (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. tarsotricha (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau, Snake River), H. tetana (Eastern Highlands Province: Okapa), H. thola (Central Province: Port Moresby– Brown River road), H. tholasoris (Morobe Province: Markham Valley, Gusap, c. 90 miles NW of Lae), H. thumbelina (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. thumbelipes (Sandaun Province: Mianmin), H. tibiopaca (Morobe Province: ridge between Aseki–Menyamya), H. torosopala (Madang Province: Keki, Adelbert Mts.), H. torricellica (Morobe Province: Torricelli Mts., village below Sibilanga Stn.), H. transvallis (Madang Province: Finisterre Mts., Naho River Valley, Damanti), H. trichotarsa (Morobe Province: Lae–Bulolo road), H. tricosipes (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. tritropis (Madang Province: Sepik Ramu Basin, Kojé Creek), H. tritutela (Morobe Province: ca. 10 km S Garaina Saureri), H. ulna (Morobe Province: Herzog Mts., Wagau), H. variopaca (Eastern Highlands Province: Wanitabi Valley, nr. Okapa), H. velvetina (Eastern Highlands Province: Purosa Valley, nr. Okapa).
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Ha, Nguyen Thu. "Ecological Study Along the Highlands Highway in Papua New Guinea." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 8, no. 10 (2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.810.2.
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This ecological survey carried out along the Highlands Highway (71 locations-bridges) between Erap Bridge in Morobe Province to Whagi Bridge, Western Highlands Province. Data and information collection involved physical site observations and informant interviews. The survey used the capture-release method for insects, invertebrates, fish, and plankton; flyover counts were used for birds and informant interviews for mammals and other animals of interest. Terrestrial ecosystem: Common fauna included invertebrates such as Eurema hecabe, Danaus plexippus, Plutella xylostella, and other types of butterflies, Anisoptera, Apis cerena, and black ants (Fomicidae). Vertebrates such as sparrows (Passeridae), willy wagtail (Rhipidura leucophrys), eagle (Hieraaetus weiskei), kingfisher (Alcedinidae), mountain cuscus (Phalanger carmelitae), tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus goodfellowi) and Princess Stephanie’s Astrapia (Astrapia. Stephaniae). Flora across the highlands province commonly appeared bamboo, casuarina oligodon (she-oak), Ficus dammaropsis, coffee, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), cow grass (Axonopus compressus), rain tree (Samanea saman), Piper adancum and banana. In contrast, common and significant flora along plain region included casuarina, pine, leucaena, bamboo, and other anthropogenic grasses, Piper adancum, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Northofagus grandis, and Ficus. Aquatic ecosystem: Aquatic fauna along the highlands region included carp (Cyprinidae), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambica), juvenile fish, freshwater prawns (Palaemonidae), trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and catfish (Arius spp) while aquatic fauna of coastal province comprised of invertebrates like pond skaters, water beetle and tadpoles and invertebrates such as rainbow trout and tilapia. Aquatic flora was limited to green algae at a few locations in the highlands provinces where the water was stagnant or had human impacts, but it was primarily green and brown algae in the plain area. We also found Dendrolagus goodfellowii as an endangered species, while Phalanger carmelitae, Astrapia stephaniae, and Northofagus grandis are endemic but classified as the least concern. The findings indicated modification of habitats throughout the Highlands Highway. The absence of native and endemic species was also noted in most of the locations. Only six sites revealed some primary and secondary forests and vegetation.
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Roberts, Jackson R., Bulisa Iova, and Christopher C. Austin. "A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." Zoosystematics and Evolution 98, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520.
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We describe a new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Elapidae: Toxicocalamus) from a specimen in the reptile collection of the Papua New Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery. Toxicocalamus longhagensp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other species of this genus by the presence of paired subcaudals, a preocular scale unfused from the prefrontal scale, a prefrontal distinct from the internasal scale that contacts the supralabials, a single large posterior temporal and two postocular scales. The new taxon is currently known only from one specimen, which was collected from Mt. Hagen Town in Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea in 1967. The new species was originally identified as T. loriae, but the unique head scalation and postfrontal bone morphology revealed through micro-computed tomography scanning easily distinguish the new species from T. loriaesensu stricto. This is the first species of this genus described from Western Highlands Province.
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Shaney, Kyle J., Michael B. Harvey, Amir Hamidy, Nia Kurniawan, and Eric N. Smith. "Phylogeny and biogeography of Sumatra´s cloud forest lizards of the genus Dendragama and status of Acanthosaura schneideri." ZooKeys 995 (November 18, 2020): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.995.49355.
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Lizards of the genus Dendragama are endemic to the highland cloud forests of Sumatra’s Barisan Mountain Range in western Indonesia, and recent studies have uncovered widespread diversity within the genus. Here, a suite of morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA are used to compare three geographically isolated populations of D. boulengeri from (1) Mount Kerinci in Jambi province, (2) Mount Marapi of west Sumatra, and (3) the Karo Highlands of north Sumatra. Additional phylogeographic analyses with two recently described sister species, D. australis and D. dioidema were conducted. Five genetically distinct clades of Dendragama, all distributed allopatrically of one another were identified and some are suspected to inhabit small distributions. Morphological and genetic data confirm the Karo Highlands population D. schneideri (previously Acanthosaura schneideri Ahl, 1926) should be revalidated from the synonymy of D. boulengeri. Dendragama schneideri is endemic to montane forests of the Karo Highlands surrounding Lake Toba in Sumatra Utara province. Pairwise genetic distances of 6–11% separate D. schneideri from congeners. Two distinct clades of D. boulengeri from Mount Kerinci and Mount Marapi were identified, which are 5.0% genetically distant from one another. Using morphological characters, we provide the first key for distinguishing between species of Dendragama. Based on biogeographic patterns and levels of genetic variation it is suspected that at least 18 other isolated cloud forest locations may hold new species or divergent populations of Dendragama but lack survey work. Collectively, these comparisons among populations of montane lizards further elucidate the complex biogeographic history of Sumatra’s montane forest species and the first phylogeny of the genus Dendragama.
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HARRIS, EDWARD C., and PHILIP J. HUGHES. "An Early Agricultural System at Mugumamp Ridge, Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." Mankind 11, no. 4 (May 10, 2010): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1978.tb01180.x.
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UTTERIDGE, TIMOTHY M. A., and BRENDAN J. LEPSCHI. "A new species of Myrsine (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) from New Guinea." Phytotaxa 442, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.3.1.
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Myrsine exquisitorum Utteridge & Lepschi (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to the Western Highlands Province from Papua New Guinea. The new species is unique in the relatively large, almost orbicular leaves with entire margins, and the tetramerous flowers arranged in axillary fascicles without forming short shoots.
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SALDAITIS, AIDAS, ANTON V. VOLYNKIN, and REZA ZAHIRI. "Lasianobia nainysi, a new species from Sichuan, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae)." Zootaxa 4927, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.7.
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A new species of the genus Lasianobia Hampson, 1905, Lasianobia nainysi Saldaitis, Volynkin & Zahiri, sp. nov. is described from highlands of western Sichuan Province of China. The new species is closely related to Lasianobia albilinea (Draudt, 1950). Adults, male and female genitalia as well as DNA barcode data of the new and related species are presented.
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Pan, Pan, Wan Long Gu, and Ye Yu Zhu. "Wind Energy Resource Assessment of Henan Province." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.462.
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With the observation data of the whole year from November 2012 to October 2013 and results of numerical simulation, we do some research on the wind energy resources of Henan Province. Variation of wind energy resources is generally better in winter and spring, poor in summer and autumn. Diurnal variation of wind resources across different, but most good wind resource areas are located at higher elevations, and wind resource is generally better at daytime than night. Wind resources of Henan province is relatively limited, which can be technology developed are located in hills area and the mountain highlands of northern, central, western and southern part. Better resources are mainly located on hilltop and ridge.
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Rastegar-Pouyani, Nasrullah, Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani, and Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani. "A new species of Eremias (Sauria: Lacertidae) from highlands of Kermanshah Province, western Iran." Asiatic herpetological research. 9 (2001): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.15563.
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Korada, Nicholas, Tingneyuc Sekac, Sujoy Kumar Jana, and Dilip Kumar Pal. "Delineating Drought Risk Areas Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems– A Case Study of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (October 28, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.937.
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In the highlands of Papua New Guinea, rain-fed subsistence farming has been the main source of food and small cash earnings for the majority of the rural population. Consequently, as a result of elongated period of drought, reduction in food and water supply bring forth starvation / malnutrition led sickness and death, especially when authorities fail to intervene because inaccessibility and remoteness of the highly dissected terrain, as a result relief and basic services don’t reach the hungry mouth on time. Such conditions were reported recently in many parts of Papua New Guinea especially prevalent in coastal regions and uplands of the highlands region. In this study, GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) technology were employed in highlighting and demarcating potential drought risk zones in Western Highlands Province. Basically, several environmental factors like; soil types, NDVI, rainfall, terrain, population demography and surface temperature were prepared and integrated in GIS environment through multi-criteria evaluation techniques where risk areas were identified. The final output generated from factors integration were then assessed and reclassified to indicate levels of drought risk zones from Low, Medium and High. Hence, several built-up areas where then marked on each risk zones in an attempt to highlight the location, distribution and accessibility in respect to the risk areas identified.
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Korada, Nicholas, Tingneyuc Sekac, Sujoy Kumar Jana, and Dilip Kumar Pal. "Delineating Drought Risk Areas Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems– A Case Study of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 10 (October 28, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.10.937.
Full textAbstract:
In the highlands of Papua New Guinea, rain-fed subsistence farming has been the main source of food and small cash earnings for the majority of the rural population. Consequently, as a result of elongated period of drought, reduction in food and water supply bring forth starvation / malnutrition led sickness and death, especially when authorities fail to intervene because inaccessibility and remoteness of the highly dissected terrain, as a result relief and basic services don’t reach the hungry mouth on time. Such conditions were reported recently in many parts of Papua New Guinea especially prevalent in coastal regions and uplands of the highlands region. In this study, GIS and Remote Sensing (RS) technology were employed in highlighting and demarcating potential drought risk zones in Western Highlands Province. Basically, several environmental factors like; soil types, NDVI, rainfall, terrain, population demography and surface temperature were prepared and integrated in GIS environment through multi-criteria evaluation techniques where risk areas were identified. The final output generated from factors integration were then assessed and reclassified to indicate levels of drought risk zones from Low, Medium and High. Hence, several built-up areas where then marked on each risk zones in an attempt to highlight the location, distribution and accessibility in respect to the risk areas identified.
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Ni, Da, Huai Wei Yang, Xiao Yuan Chen, and Yong Jun Xia. "Process of Tower Erection in Sections with Internal-Suspended and External-Guyed Holding Pole of Pivot Strut of Iron Tower’s Main Members." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1568.
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This thesis introduces the main process flows of holding pole lifting and supporting pole installation during the tower erection by combining the landform features of “high mountains and highlands in Eastern Tibet and Western Sichuan Province” of power transmission and transformation of grid networking between Changdu of Tibet and Sichuan Province, aiming at the problem that that the line stringing of holding pole is influenced by landforms of cliff, etc. and adopting light combined compound-material holding pole as lifting mechanism, to solve the tower erection at the tower positions like cliff and isolating mountains where traditional holding poles cannot be erected effectively.
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Matthews, Peter J. "Identification ofBenincasa hispida(wax gourd) from the Kana archaeological site, Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." Archaeology in Oceania 38, no. 3 (October 2003): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2003.tb00544.x.
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Mchugh, Dermot. "Evaluation of Stored Maize Losses in Cameroon." Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 1 (January 1994): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700023838.
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SummaryFarmer surveys have consistently shown maize storage losses to be of primary concern to farmers in the western highlands of Cameroon. Past attempts at evaluating these losses, however, have proved to be unsatisfactory, mainly because of failure to consider qualitative, as well as quantitative, losses or to take account of consumption patterns (that is, timing and end use). A simulation model is presented that overcomes these deficiencies while providing a reliable estimate of the economic value of storage losses to the farmer, albeit at the cost of requiring fairly exacting data. The model is used to estimate the value of storage losses to farmers in the North West Province of Cameroon.
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Aska, Marie Lucy, Jiraporn Chompikul, and Boonyong Keiwkarnka. "Determinants of Fertility Desires among HIV Positive Women Living in the Western Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea." World Journal of AIDS 01, no. 04 (2011): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wja.2011.14029.
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Wilson, Edward C. "Early Permian corals from the Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, California." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 5 (September 1994): 938–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000026573.
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Rugose and tabulate corals from the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) part of the Bird Spring Group in the Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, southeastern California, comprise eight species in eight genera. Heritschioides mckassoni n. sp. is the lowest stratigraphic record for this index genus on the undoubted shelf of western North America. Paraheritschioides applegatei n. sp. is the first record for the genus in southern California. Neomultithecopora providensis n. sp. is a second species for the genus in the southern Great Basin. The other five species provide close ties to previously described faunas from the Spring Mountains and the Arrow Canyon Range of southwestern and southeastern Nevada. The combined Wolfcampian coral faunas of these three areas are somewhat closer at the genus and species level to the McCloud Limestone Wolfcampian faunas of northern California than to the Wolfcampian shelf faunas in east-central Nevada. Additional species present in the combined faunas are known originally from the Wolfcampian of central Nevada and Kansas and a genus is not otherwise known south of British Columbia. The faunas suggest a subprovince of the Durhaminid Coral Province for the southern California and southern Nevada area and perhaps imply partial isolation from the more northerly parts of the province by land barriers such as the Antler Highlands.
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WELCOMME, JEAN-LOUP, MOULOUD BENAMMI, JEAN-YVES CROCHET, LAURENT MARIVAUX, GRÉGOIRE MÉTAIS, PIERRE-OLIVIER ANTOINE, and IBRAHIM BALOCH. "Himalayan Forelands: palaeontological evidence for Oligocene detrital deposits in the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)." Geological Magazine 138, no. 4 (July 2001): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801005428.
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In the southwestern Sulaiman geological province (Balochistan, Pakistan), terrestrial detrital facies from the Bugti Hills region have yielded the richest Tertiary vertebrate faunas to be found in Asia thus far. New fossils from five successive and distinct ‘bone beds’ bridge the supposed Oligocene sedimentary hiatus within the Sulaiman geological province; the lowermost continental levels of the previously described Miocene Chitarwata Formation, known as the Bugti Member, are Oligocene in age in the Bugti area. Neither a mixture of heterochronic faunal elements nor endemism of any fauna is evident in this area. Additional microfaunal material from the Bugti Member constrains an Oligocene age for the lower Chitarwata Formation in Zinda Pir (northeast of the Bugti Hills). This Oligocene transition between the marine Kirthar (Eocene) and continental Siwalik (Miocene) deposits consists of a regressive fluvio-deltaic system occupying a vast floodplain. It represents an early-stage molasse in the palaeo-Indus Basin which drained western orogenic highlands resulting from the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.
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Prybylski, Dimitri, William A. Alto, Stephen Rogers, and Helen Pickering. "Measurement of child mortality in association with a multipurpose birth certificate programme in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea." Journal of Biosocial Science 24, no. 4 (October 1992): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020083.
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SummaryA simple and inexpensive method for monitoring child mortality in association with birth registration was introduced into the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Eight thousand two hundred and one newborn infants were registered in 1988, approximately 77% of all children born in that year. The risk of death by age 2 was determined from reports given by the mother on the present status of a previously born child at the time of a recent delivery or during clinic registration of the current birth. This was 91 per 1000 for the province and corresponds to a risk of death by age 1 of 77/1000 by extrapolation using standard lifetables. This method was validated by comparison with a continuing demographic surveillance system covering 30,000 people in the western part of the province. The new birth certificate has been an incentive to increase supervised delivery rates and to generate a register that can be used to increase vaccination coverage.
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Suarez, Francisco Tobar, María Fernanda López, María José Gavilanes, Marco Federico Monteros, Tatiana Santander García, and Catherine Helen Graham. "Three new endemic species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) from the highlands of Ecuador." PhytoKeys 180 (August 9, 2021): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.180.62671.
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Three new species of Lepanthes from Ecuador are described and illustrated. These additions to the Ecuadorean flora were recorded in evergreen montane forest and páramo as part of three different research projects conducted during the last five years (2016–2021). Lepanthes oro-lojaensis was discovered in the southwest of El Oro province and is similar to L. jimburae, differing mainly in the much smaller plants, inflorescences and floral parts. Lepanthes microprosartima from the western slopes of Pichincha volcano in northern Ecuador resembles L. obandoi but differs in the coloration of the leaves, the inflorescence that are shorter than the leaves and the smaller floral appendix. Lepanthes caranqui, found in eastern Pichincha and Imbabura, is most similar to L. pachychila but differs from it in its much larger plants and different shape of the petals and the floral appendix. Preliminary assessments of the conservation status of the three taxonomic novelties are provided, using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
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GRISMER, L. LEE, ATTAPOL RUJIRAWAN, KORKHWAN TERMPRAYOON, NATEE AMPAI, SIRIPORN YODTHONG, PERRY L. JR WOOD, JAMIE R. OAKS, and ANCHALEE AOWPHOL. "A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata; Gekkonidae) from the Thai Highlands with a discussion on the evolution of habitat preference." Zootaxa 4852, no. 4 (September 17, 2020): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.1.
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A new gekkonid lizard, Cyrtodactylus maelanoi sp. nov., from Mae Hong Son Province of the Thai Highlands is described using an integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology, color pattern, and the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and its flanking tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses place the new species within clade 1 of the C. sinyineensis group and as the sister species to C. inthanon with an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 3.9%. Collection data gathered in the field indicate that C. maelanoi sp. nov. is a habitat generalist. Reconstruction of the ancestral habitat preference for the C. sinyineensis group by way of stochasitc character mapping (SCM) indicates that karstic environments were the ancestral condition out of which the general habitat preference of the ancestor of C. maelanoi sp. nov. and C. inthanon and that of C. amphipetreaus and C. doisuthep evolved three times independently. Additionally, SCM demonstrated that the evolution of a granitic habitat preference from a karst-adapted ancestor happened in C. aequalis. The discovery of a new upland species in the Thai Highlands brings into focus the understudied nature of the mountain systems of western Thailand and the need for their continued exploration and conservation.
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Günther, Rainer, and Stephen Richards. "Two New Frog Species of the Genus Copiula Mehely, 1901 (Anura, Microhylidae, Asterophryinae) from Southern Papua New Guinea." Russian Journal of Herpetology 27, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2020-27-1-41-53.
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We describe two new species in the microhylid frog genus Copiula from Western Province, Southern Highlands Province, and Gulf Province in southern Papua New Guinea based on morphological and acoustic data. Both species are medium-sized (between 27 – 30 mm SVL), terrestrial frogs with a predominantly beige-colored dorsum and a yellow ventrum. They can be distinguished from each other and from all congeners by their distinct advertisement calls. In the first species calls are short bursts of 3 – 7 rapidly repeated yapping notes lasting 30 – 44 msec at a repetition rate of 11.6 – 16.5 notes/sec, and in the second species calls consist almost exclusively of two notes (occasionally one or three notes) lasting 50 – 91 msec and produced at a repetition rate of 7.1 – 11.3 notes/sec. Calls of the second species are usually uttered in long call series that may start with one or more, one-note calls before increasing to two notes, and occasionally to three notes/call late in the series. Descriptions of these two species brings the number of Copiula known from the New Guinea region to at least 12.
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Lane, Kevin. "Engineering Resilience to Water Stress in the Late Prehispanic North-Central Andean Highlands (~600–1200 BP)." Water 13, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243544.
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The Andes are defined by human struggles to provide for, and control, water. Nowhere is this challenge more apparent than in the unglaciated western mountain range Cordillera Negra of the Andes where rain runoff provides the only natural source of water for herding and farming economies. Based on over 20 years of systematic field surveys and taking a political ecology and resilience theory focus, this article evaluates how the Prehispanic North-Central highlands Huaylas ethnic group transformed the landscape of the Andes through the largescale construction of complex hydraulic engineering works in the Cordillera Negra of the Ancash Province, North-Central Peru. It is likely that construction of these engineered landscapes commenced during the Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000), reaching their apogee under the Late Intermediate Period (Huaylas group, AD 1000–1450) and Inca (AD 1450–1532) period, before falling into disuse during the early Spanish colony (AD 1532–1615) through a combination of disease, depopulation, and disruption. Persistent water stress in the western Pacific-facing Andean cordillera was ameliorated through the construction of interlinked dams and reservoirs controlling the water, soil, and wetlands. The modern study of these systems provides useful case-studies for infrastructure rehabilitation potentially providing low-cost, though technologically complex, solutions to modern water security.
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Agnolin, Agustín, Silvana Espinosa, and Gisela Cassiodoro. "First Peopling and Lithic Raw Material Use in Lacustrine Basins and Highlands of Central-Western Santa Cruz Province (Argentine Patagonia)." PaleoAmerica 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2018.1564529.
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Katinas, Liliana, Juan J. Morrone, and Jorge V. Crisci. "Track Analysis Reveals the Composite Nature of the Andean Biota." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 1 (1999): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97049.
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The Andean subregion corresponds to south-western South America below 30˚S latitude, extending through the Andean highlands north of this latitude, and comprises five provinces: Subantarctic, Central Chilean, Patagonian, Puna and Paramo. Based on a track analysis of the Andean biota, three main types of distributions were found: (1) no relationship of the Andean subregion with other areas (Andean endemic distributions); (2) relationships with one area or subregion, namely (a) Austral, (b) Tropical and (c) Amphitropical distributions; and (3) relationships with more than one subregion (cosmopolitan distributions). These relationships were described and mapped as individual tracks, based on data from plant and animal taxa. Coinciding individual tracks constitute generalised tracks, which follow three basic patterns: Andean endemic, Austral and Tropical. The first pattern is represented by three generalised tracks, namely (a) along the Puna, Central Chilean, Subantarctic and Patagonian provinces; (b) along the Central Chilean, Patagonian and Subantarctic provinces; and (c) in the Subantarctic and Patagonian provinces. The second pattern (Austral) is represented by two generalised tracks: (a) along the Subantarctic province of South America, south-eastern Australia, and New Zealand and (b) along the Subantarctic province and New Zealand. The third pattern (Tropical) is based on three generalised tracks joining (a) all the Andean subregion with the Neotropical subregion; (b) Paramo and Puna provinces, and the Neotropical subregion; and (c) Patagonian province and Neotropical subregion. The Austral pattern reflects the existence of an ancient Austral biota, with Gondwana events likely to have played a major role in its evolution, whereas the origin of the Neotropical pattern is probably linked to a more recent history, especially the uplift of the Andes and further glaciations. Both of these patterns reveal that the biota of the Andean subregion has a complex or hybrid origin where two different ancestral biological and geological worlds met and combined. The Puna, Patagonian, and Subantarctic provinces appear as panbiogeographic nodes, because of the numerous tracks that cross them, probably due to complex geological events. It is possible that the patterns analysed are the consequence not only of vicariant events promoted by tectonic phenomena, but also of dispersal and/or extinctions that have concealed these events.
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Campos-Outcalt, Doug, Kelly Kewa, and Jane Thomason. "Decentralization of health services in Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: An attempt to administer health service at the subdistrict level." Social Science & Medicine 40, no. 8 (April 1995): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)00222-f.
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Hammar, Lawrence. "Bodies and Methods in Motion." Practicing Anthropology 26, no. 4 (September 1, 2004): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.26.4.3l786822233776u1.
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As a cultural anthropologist who specializes in gender and sexuality research in Papua New Guinea (PNG), I was honored to become Senior Research Fellow of the Operational Research Unit (ORU) at the Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (IMR) in Goroka, capital of Eastern Highlands Province. I now head the Anthropology Section thereof. Although I am the only anthropologist there, even our new behavioral health nursing officer can't seem to get enough tape transcription and use of Atlas.ti, a qualitative data software program! The anthropology bug that bit me long ago was spawned by qualitative parents. It infected me with a missionary zeal about qualitative methods and perspectives that I have tried to instill in our new ORU as we have taken on exciting new projects. As well, I have returned four times to the site of Ph.D. dissertation research I conducted over one decade ago—Daru, capital of PNG's Western Province. Adding to this, on August 2, 2003, I got married PNG-style (yep—bridewealth, pigs, and everything), to my longtime companion (Urakume Mahala, nee Cassandra Lee) who also fell in love with PNG.
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Ge, Deyan, Anderson Feijó, Jilong Cheng, Liang Lu, Rongrong Liu, Alexei V. Abramov, Lin Xia, et al. "Evolutionary history of field mice (Murinae: Apodemus), with emphasis on morphological variation among species in China and description of a new species." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 518–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz032.
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AbstractMice of the genus Apodemus are widely distributed across Eurasia. Several species of this genus are hosts of important zoonotic diseases and parasites. The evolutionary history and dispersal routes of these mice remain unclear and the distribution of these species in China was poorly explored in previous studies. We here investigate the divergence times and historical geographical evolution of Apodemus and study the taxonomy of species in China by integrating molecular and morphological data. The crown age of this genus is dated to the Late Miocene, approximately 9.84 Mya. Western and Central Asia were inferred as the most likely ancestral area of this genus. Moreover, we recognize nine living species of Apodemus in China: Apodemus uralensis, A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, A. latronum, A. peninsulae, A. draco, A. ilex, A. semotus and A. nigrus sp. nov., the last from the highlands (elevation > 1984 m) of Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province and Jinfo Mountain in Chongqing Province. This new species diverged from A. draco, A. semotus and A. ilex approximately 4.53 Mya. The discovery of A. nigrus highlights the importance of high mountains as refugia and ‘isolated ecological islands’ for temperate species in south-eastern China.
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Le, T. M. L., T. D. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, G. Liebanas, T. A. D. Nguyen, and Q. P. Trinh. "A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitizing Robusta coffee from Western Highlands, Vietnam." Helminthologia 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2019-0014.
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SummaryA new root-knot nematode, parasitizing Robusta coffee in Dak Lak Province, Western Highlands of Vietnam, is described as Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrated that this species differs clearly from other previously described root-knot nematodes. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by a swollen body of females with a small posterior protuberance that elongated from ovoid to saccate; perineal patterns with smooth striae, continuous and low dorsal arch; lateral lines marked as a faint space or linear depression at junction of the dorsal and ventral striate; distinct phasmids; perivulval region free of striae; visible and wide tail terminus surrounding by concentric circles of striae; medial lips of females in dumbbell-shaped and slightly raised above lateral lips; female stylet is normally straight with posteriorly sloping stylet knobs; lip region of second stage juvenile (J2) is not annulated; medial lips and labial disc of J2 formed dumbbell shape; lateral lips are large and triangular; tail of J2 is conoid with rounded unstriated tail tip; distinct phasmids and hyaline; dilated rectum. Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. is most similar to M. africana, M. ottersoni by prominent posterior protuberance. Results of molecular analysis of rDNA sequences including the D2–D3 expansion regions of 28S rDNA, COI, and partial COII/16S rRNA of mitochondrial DNA support for the new species status.
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Mishra, Manoj Kumar, Sandhyarani Nishani, Madhura Gowda, Dandamudi Padmajyothi, Narayana Suresh, Hosahalli Sreenath, and Y. Raghuramulu. "Genetic Diversity Among Ethiopian Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Collections Available In Indian Gene Bank Using Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 70, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plass-2015-0011.
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Abstract The South-Western highlands of Ethiopia are considered to be the centre of origin and diversity of the arabica coffee, Coffea arabica. More than 80 accessions of arabica coffee collected from Ethiopia are available in Indian gene bank. However, the genetic diversity of these accessions is not studied in detail. In the present study, genetic diversity analysis of 48 accessions collected from eight provinces of Ethiopia was carried out using Sequence-related amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) marker. Among the thirty two SRAP primer combinations tested, 14 primer pairs were polymorphic and generated 203 distinct fragments. The number of fragments ranged from 7 to 21 with a mean of 14.5 fragments per primer combination. Of the total 203 amplified fragments, 182 (89.65%) were polymorphic and the percent of polymorphism ranged from 53.84% to a maximum of 100% using different primers. The average resolving power (Rp) and average polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 14 SRAP primer combinations was 14.31 and 0.648 respectively. A total of 13 rare alleles were obtained from SRAP assays, of which six rare alleles were obtained from the accessions collected from Shoa province. The UPGMA clustering algorithm from SRAP analysis grouped the 48 coffee accessions into two major clusters. The accessions collected from particular province clustered together which could be attributed to the substantial gene flow between adjacent population and the influence of geographical origin on genetic diversity. The study demonstrated the existence of substantial genetic variation in Ethiopian germplasm which could be utilized in coffee germplasm conservation and improvement program.
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Georges, Arthur, Erika Alacs, Matthew Pauza, Felix Kinginapi, Amos Ona, and Carla Eisemberg. "Freshwater turtles of the Kikori Drainage, Papua New Guinea, with special reference to the pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta." Wildlife Research 35, no. 7 (2008): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07120.
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A survey of the Kikori River drainage of the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea identified four species of freshwater turtle. The pig-nosed turtle Carettochelys insculpta and the southern New Guinea soft-shelled turtle Pelochelys bibroni are riverine species. The New Guinea spotted turtle Elseya novaeguineae lives primarily in the tidal freshwater creeks and streams, flooded sinkholes and swamps of the lowland rainforest. The New Guinea painted turtle Emydura subglobosa resides almost exclusively in forest sinkholes and swamps. Pelochelys bibroni was the least-common species, and is probably locally endangered. Greatest turtle diversity occurred in the Karst Plains of the Kikori sub-basin, where there is a greater diversity of habitat available to turtles. Lowest diversity occurred in the highlands, where turtles were present in very low density as introduced populations, brought in from the Kikori lowlands, Mount Bosavi and the Western Province by visiting relatives. Linguistic diversity concurred with turtle diversity of the regions in which the languages were spoken. C. insculpta nests both on riverine sand beaches and on coastal beaches, sand spits and isolated sand bars where the Kikori River discharges into the Gulf of Papua. Adult females and eggs of C. insculpta are harvested heavily by local people for local consumption.
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Boussaïd, Maghnia, Chahrazed Bekhechi, Fawzia Beddou, Daoudi Chabane Sari, Ange Bighelli, Joseph Casanova, and Félix Tomi. "Chemical Variability of the Essential Oil Isolated from Aerial Parts of Tetraclinis Articulata from North-Western Algeria." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 8 (August 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000834.
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The objective was to investigate the yield and chemical composition of 50 essential oil samples isolated from leaves and flowers of Tetraclinis articulata harvested in eight locations (coastal township and highlands) of Tlemcen Province (North-Western Algeria). Essential oil yields varied drastically from sample to sample (0.03 to 0.86%, w/w). No direct correlation was observed between the yield and the altitude of the harvest areas. The oils consisted mainly of monoterpenes: α-pinene (9.2–56.5%), bornyl acetate (1.2–45.1%), camphor (0.5–40.3%), borneol (0.2–12.9%), limonene (3.6–12.5%), and myrcene (1.6–9.7%). Sesquiterpenes were represented by germacrene D (up to 14.2%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (up to 13.3%). PCA analysis of the data allowed the distinction of two groups within the samples. The composition of group I (9 samples) was dominated by camphor, (Mean = 30.9%) followed by α-pinene (M = 19.1%) and bornyl acetate (M = 11.4%). Group II was divided into two sub-groups. Samples of sub-group IIA (8 samples) contained mainly α-pinene (M = 45.4%). Samples of the largest group IIB (33 samples) were characterized by similar contents of α-pinene (M = 28.2%) and bornyl acetate (M = 24.5%) and the occurrence of camphor to a lesser extent (M = 10.0%).
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Hart, John D., Viola Kwa, Paison Dakulala, Paulus Ripa, Dale Frank, Theresa Lei, Ninkama Moiya, et al. "Mortality surveillance and verbal autopsy strategies: experiences, challenges and lessons learnt in Papua New Guinea." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003747.
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Full notification of deaths and compilation of good quality cause of death data are core, sequential and essential components of a functional civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system. In collaboration with the Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG), trial mortality surveillance activities were established at sites in Alotau District in Milne Bay Province, Tambul-Nebilyer District in Western Highlands Province and Talasea District in West New Britain Province.Provincial Health Authorities trialled strategies to improve completeness of death notification and implement an automated verbal autopsy methodology, including use of different notification agents and paper or mobile phone methods. Completeness of death notification improved from virtually 0% to 20% in Talasea, 25% and 75% using mobile phone and paper notification strategies, respectively, in Alotau, and 69% in Tambul-Nebilyer. We discuss the challenges and lessons learnt with implementing these activities in PNG, including logistical considerations and incentives.Our experience indicates that strategies to maximise completeness of notification should be tailored to the local context, which in PNG includes significant geographical, cultural and political diversity. We report that health workers have great potential to improve the CRVS programme in PNG through managing the collection of notification and verbal autopsy data. In light of our findings, and in consultation with the main government CRVS stakeholders and the National CRVS Committee, we make recommendations regarding the requirements at each level of the health system to optimise mortality surveillance in order to generate the essential health intelligence required for policy and planning.
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Maina, Solomon, Martin J. Barbetti, Owain R. Edwards, David Minemba, Michael W. Areke, and Roger A. C. Jones. "Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Genomic Sequences from Papua New Guinea: Lack of Genetic Connectivity with Northern Australian or East Timorese Genomes, and New Recombination Findings." Plant Disease 103, no. 6 (June 2019): 1326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-18-1666-re.
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Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) isolates were obtained in Papua New Guinea (PNG) from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) or pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) plants showing mosaic symptoms growing at Kongop in the Mount Hagen District, Western Highlands Province, or Zage in the Goroka District, Eastern Highlands Province. The samples were blotted onto FTA cards, which were sent to Australia, where they were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. When the coding regions of the nine new ZYMV genomic sequences found were compared with those of 64 other ZYMV sequences from elsewhere, they grouped together, forming new minor phylogroup VII within ZYMV’s major phylogroup A. Genetic connectivity was lacking between ZYMV genomic sequences from PNG and its neighboring countries, Australia and East Timor; the closest match between a PNG and any other genomic sequence was a 92.8% nucleotide identity with a sequence in major phylogroup A’s minor phylogroup VI from Japan. When the RDP5.2 recombination analysis program was used to compare 66 ZYMV sequences, evidence was obtained of 30 firm recombination events involving 41 sequences, and all isolates from PNG were recombinants. There were 21 sequences without recombination events in major phylogroup A, whereas there were only 4 such sequences within major phylogroup B. ZYMV’s P1, Cl, N1a-Pro, P3, CP, and NIb regions contained the highest evidence of recombination breakpoints. Following removal of recombinant sequences, seven minor phylogroups were absent (I, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII), leaving only minor phylogroups II and IX. By contrast, when a phylogenetic tree was constructed using recombinant sequences with their recombinationally derived tracts removed before analysis, five previous minor phylogroups remained unchanged within major phylogroup A (II, III, IV, V, and VII) while four formed two new merged phylogroups (I/VI and VIII/IX). Absence of genetic connectivity between PNG, Australian, and East Timorese ZYMV sequences, and the 92.8% nucleotide identity between a PNG sequence and the closest sequence from elsewhere, suggest that a single introduction may have occurred followed by subsequent evolution to adapt to the PNG environment. The need for enhanced biosecurity measures to protect against potentially damaging virus movements crossing the seas separating neighboring countries in this region of the world is discussed.
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Maina, Solomon, Martin J. Barbetti, Owain R. Edwards, David Minemba, Michael W. Areke, and Roger A. C. Jones. "Genetic Connectivity Between Papaya Ringspot Virus Genomes from Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia, and New Recombination Insights." Plant Disease 103, no. 4 (April 2019): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-18-1136-re.
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Isolates of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) were obtained from plants of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) or cucumber (Cucumis sativus) showing mosaic symptoms growing at Zage in Goroka District in the Eastern Highland Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG) or Bagl in the Mount Hagen District, Western Highlands Province. The samples were sent to Australia on FTA cards where they were subjected to High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). When the coding regions of the six new PRSV genomic sequences obtained via HTS were compared with those of 54 other complete PRSV sequences from other parts of the world, all six grouped together with the 12 northern Australian sequences within major phylogroup B minor phylogroup I, the Australian sequences coming from three widely dispersed locations spanning the north of the continent. Notably, none of the PNG isolates grouped with genomic sequences from the nearby country of East Timor in phylogroup A. The closest genetic match between Australian and PNG sequences was a nucleotide (nt) sequence identity of 96.9%, whereas between PNG and East Timorese isolates it was only 83.1%. These phylogenetic and nt identity findings demonstrate genetic connectivity between PRSV populations from PNG and Australia. Recombination analysis of the 60 PRSV sequences available revealed evidence of 26 recombination events within 18 isolates, only four of which were within major phylogroup B and none of which were from PNG or Australia. Within the recombinant genomes, the P1, Cl, NIa-Pro, NIb, 6K2, and 5′UTR regions contained the highest numbers of recombination breakpoints. After removal of nonrecombinant sequences, four minor phylogroups were lost (IV, VII, VIII, XV), only one of which was in phylogroup B. When genome regions from which recombinationally derived tracts of sequence were removed from recombinants prior to alignment with nonrecombinant genomes, seven previous minor phylogroups within major phylogroup A, and two within major phylogroup B, merged either partially or entirely forming four merged minor phylogroups. The genetic connectivity between PNG and northern Australian isolates and absence of detectable recombination within either group suggests that PRSV isolates from East Timor, rather than PNG, might pose a biosecurity threat to northern Australian agriculture should they prove more virulent than those already present.
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Frederick, Bruce C., Mike D. Blum, John W. Snedden, and Richard H. Fillon. "Early Mesozoic synrift Eagle Mills Formation and coeval siliciclastic sources, sinks, and sediment routing, northern Gulf of Mexico basin." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 11-12 (April 24, 2020): 2631–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35493.1.
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Abstract The sedimentary architecture and provenance of the early Mesozoic incipient northern Gulf of Mexico basin remains controversial due to both lack of outcrop exposure and sample scarcity across the southern United States with subcrop depths approaching 6 km. The Eagle Mills Formation and coeval deposition across the northern Gulf of Mexico provides both a stratigraphic foundation for some ∼15-km-thick overlying Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits, and a coeval pre-salt equivalent for southern synrift deposits, in one of the most economically significant hydrocarbon basins in the world. This study presents more than 3200 new detrital zircon U-Pb analyses from sixteen Late Triassic pre-salt, siliciclastic, subcrop well samples, and combines over 14,000 linear kilometers of 2-D multi-channel seismic reflection data, 1511 geophysical well logs, and biostratigraphic data from 2478 wells to construct basin-scale pre-salt isochore and structure maps spanning the northern Gulf of Mexico margin from Florida to the USA-Mexican border. The data show that incipient Gulf of Mexico paleodrainage pathways held individual distinctions between basement sources and tectonic controls in three primary regions across the northern Gulf of Mexico: (1) The western Gulf of Mexico paleodrainage extended from the Central Texas uplift highlands to the submarine Potosi Fan on the western margin of Laurentia with local tributary sources from the East Mexico Arc, Yucatán/Maya, and Marathon-Ouachita provinces as evidenced by inverse Monte Carlo unmixing of peri-Gondwanan (ca. 700–500 Ma), Appalachian/Ouachita (500–280 Ma), Grenville (1250–950 Ma), and Mid-Continent/Granite-Rhyolite Province (1500–1300 Ma) detrital zircon ages. Isochore and associated geophysical well and seismic data suggest that by Early Jurassic time this depocenter had shifted into the present-day western Gulf of Mexico as East Mexico Arc development continued. (2) Southerly drainage in the north-central Gulf of Mexico region bifurcated around the Sabine and Monroe uplifted terranes with southwestern flow characterized by peri-Gondwanan detrital zircon ages from late Paleozoic accreted basement or discrete flexural successor basins, and southeastern fluvial networks distinguished by traditional North American basement province sources including Grenville, Mid-Continent, and Yavapai-Mazatzal. (3) Eastern Gulf of Mexico regional paleodrainage, with regional southern flow dictated by the brittle extensional tectonics of the South Georgia Rift as well as the regional southern flexure of the South Florida Basin, resulted in almost all pre-salt detrital zircon siliciclastic ages from this region to be dominated by local Gondwanan/peri-Gondwanan aged sources including the proximal Suwannee terrane and Osceola Granite complex. These regional, synrift sediment provenance models provide the first critical allochthonous evidence of Late Triassic–Early Jurassic paleodrainage stemming from the Appalachian-Ouachita hinterlands into the incipient northern Gulf of Mexico basin with critical implications for pre-salt hydrocarbon exploration and carbon sequestration reservoir potential.
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Boussaïd, Maghnia, Chahrazed Bekhechi, Fewzia Atik-Bekkara, Mathieu Paoli, Joseph Casanova, and Félix Tomi. "Composition and Chemical Variability of the Cone Oil from Algerian Tetraclinis articulata." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 8 (August 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100834.
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Very little is known about the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from cones of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters (Cupressaceae). In continuation of our on-going work devoted to the valorisation of medicinal and aromatic plants from Tlemcen Province (North-Western Algeria), cones have been harvested in eight locations (coastal township and highlands) and 40 oil samples have been isolated by hydrodistillation. Six oil samples were analyzed by a combination of chromatographic [GC(Retention indices)] and spectroscopic techniques (GC-MS, 13C NMR). Then, the remaining 34 oil samples were analyzed by [GC(RI)] and 13C NMR and the 40 compositions were submitted to statistical analysis. Essential oil yields varied substantially from sample to sample (0.17 to 1.13%, w/w). The cone oils consisted mainly of monoterpenes, with α-pinene (47.1-73.6%) and limonene (6.5-21.9%) being the main components. (E)-β-Caryophyllene and germacrene D were the major sesquiterpenes. Diterpenes, ( Z) and ( E)-biformene were identified for the first time in T. articulata essential oil. PCA analysis of the data allowed the distinction of two groups, the second group being sub-divided into two sub-groups. Groups and sub-groups were differentiated with respect to their contents of α-pinene and limonene and, to a lesser extent, of sesquiterpenes.
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Javed, Sadaf, Muhammad Imran Shahzad, Sawaid Abbas, and Majid Nazeer. "Long-Term Variability of Atmospheric Visual Range (1980–2020) over Diverse Topography of Pakistan." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010046.
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A substantial drop in atmospheric visibility or visual range (VR) is documented in several parts of the world. We examined the long-term spatiotemporal variability in ground-based VR data for ten airports in Pakistan from 1980 to 2020. Average VR time series analysis was performed using nonparametric tests of Mann–Kendall (MK), Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK), Sen’s Slope (SS), and Sequential Mann–Kendall (SMK), followed by spatiotemporal mapping. Bad VR (<5 km) conditions prevailed over more than 60% of the study period. Noticeably, VR was better during 1991–2000 due to the high average annual rainfall (905 mm) during the 1990s. Plain areas such as Faisalabad experienced the greatest number of bad VR days with hourly (92.85%), daily (95.35%), monthly (90.97%), and seasonal (90.97%) measurements, followed by Sialkot and Multan. The VR of lowlands in central, southern, and eastern Punjab and northern, central, and eastern Sindh showed decreasing trends. In contrast, the VR in coastal areas of south and southwestern Sindh, in the western highlands, and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, have indicated positive trends. The results of this study will support policymakers in catering to the issue of declining VR in the region by supporting and developing strategies to limit the factor associated with VR.
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Trinh, Q. P., T. M. L. Le, T. D. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, G. Liebanas, and T. A. D. Nguyen. "Meloidogyne daklakensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a new root-knot nematode associated with Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) in the Western Highlands, Vietnam." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 2 (April 5, 2018): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000202.
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AbstractThe root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne daklakensis n. sp. was discovered on the roots of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. This species is characterized by the females having rounded or oval perineal patterns, smooth, regular, continuous striae, and reduced lateral lines. The dorsal arch is low, rounded and encloses a quite distinct vulva and tail tip. The stylet is normally straight with well-developed and posteriorly sloped knobs. The males have a rounded cap that extends posteriorly into the lip region. The procorpus is outlined distinctly, and is three times longer than the metacorpus. The metacorpus is ovoid, with a strong valve apparatus. The species closely resembles M. marylandi, M. naasi, M. ovalis, M. panyuensis, M. lopezi, M. mali and M. baetica in the perineal pattern of the females, and the morphology of the males and the second-stage juveniles. Nonetheless, it can be differentiated from other species by a combination of morphometric, morphological and molecular characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA as well as the region between the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome c oxidase II (COII) mitochondrial genes. Herein, this nematode is described, illustrated, and designated as a new species, Meloidogyne daklakensis sp. n., based on morphometric, morphological and molecular analyses.
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Wiradnyana, Ketut. "Hoabinhian and Austronesia: The Root of Diversity in the Western Part of Indonesia." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 32 (November 30, 2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n32p131.
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The western part of Indonesia mentioned in this paper includes the provinces of North Sumatera and Aceh, in the northern part of Sumatera. The two provinces are rich in archaeological remains, particularly those from Early Holocene up to the megalithic culture. Human activities during the Early Holocene were characterized by the presence of Kitchen Midden sites and Austromelanesoids with Hoabinh culture. This culture is commonly found along the east coast of the two provinces, and some of them are on highlands. The Neolithic culture, which contributes highly significant Austronesian data, are found at the sites on highland area, while other cultures from later period contribute the Megalithic culture that continues until now and becomes the living tradition. The entire depiction is the achievement from a series of archaeological researches, which in turn describes the mixing process among humans and their cultures. The result is a diversity of Indonesian people, particularly in the western part of Indonesia.
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Muedi, T., S. MacLennan, D. Szymanowski, B. Schoene, J. Ramezani, J. Oalmann, and B. Linol. "Constraining the timescales of mafic magmatism of the Central Karoo Large Igneous Province using high precision U-Pb zircon geochronology." South African Journal of Geology 125, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.125.0009.
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Abstract Recent U-Pb high-precision geochronological studies have shown rapid emplacement of the intrusive doleritic component of the Karoo Large Igneous Province (KLIP) in Southern Africa. However, these studies focused on a relatively small geographic and altitudinal region of the KLIP. Additionally, the timing of initiation of extrusive volcanism, preserved in the Drakensberg-Lesotho highlands and its relationship to the intrusive suite, has only been imprecisely constrained by Ar-Ar dates. Here, we present new high-resolution U-Pb zircon ages on dolerite sills and dykes from across the central eastern Karoo Basin (South Africa) at elevations between mean sea level and 1 560 m, as well as U-Pb detrital zircon data that can be used to estimate the maximum age of volcaniclastic deposition near the base of the extrusive component of the KLIP. Dolerite samples were taken across two areas: (1) thick dykes exposed along the coast of the Indian Ocean to ~1 600 m flanking the Drakensberg Escarpment in the Eastern Cape; and (2) sills between 20 and 220 m below surface, in a borehole core within the interior of the Karoo Basin, 400 km hinterland from the coastline. Our estimated dolerite emplacement ages span a range of ca. 80 thousand years (Kyr), between 183.122 ± 0.029/-0.061 and 183.042 ± 0.042/-0.072 million years ago (Ma), and fall within the 331 +60/-54 Kyr age range previously established for magmatism related to the KLIP, despite the marked increase in sampling coverage in terms of area and altitude in this study. Therefore, KLIP geochronology is consistent with other LIPS such as the Siberian and Deccan Traps that supports the hypothesis of rapid emplacement timescales (<1 Myr). Additionally, these data are consistent with, but better delineate that the KLIP in southern Africa appears to be ca. 500 Kyr older than the main phase of magmatism in the Ferrar LIP of Antarctica. Detrital zircons from the basal volcanic sequence of the Drakensberg Group exhibit age peaks at ca. 1 and 0.5 Ga, typical of the surrounding Namaqua-Natal and Pan-African basement rocks, as well as younger peaks at ca. 260 and 200 Ma that likely relate to source provenances from south-western Gondwana and reworking of the Karoo Supergroup sedimentary rocks. High-precision U-Pb dates of the youngest zircon grains result in a maximum depositional age for the basal pyroclastics of 185.25 ± 0.25 Ma, allowing for a ca. 2 Myr offset with the intrusive Karoo dolerite suite.
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LOTZKAT, SEBASTIAN, ANDREAS HERTZ, JOE-FELIX BIENENTREU, and GUNTHER KÖHLER. "Distribution and variation of the giant alpha anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the genus Dactyloa in the highlands of western Panama, with the description of a new species formerly referred to as D. microtus." Zootaxa 3626, no. 1 (March 12, 2013): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.1.
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Six species of giant alpha anoles of the genus Dactyloa are known to occur in western Panama: Dactyloa casildae, D. frenata, D. ibanezi, D. insignis, D. kunayalae, and D. microtus. Based on own material collected along the highlands in Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, and Veraguas provinces and the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé of western Panama, we review their vari-ation in morphological characters and the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene. Our results support all six nominal taxa, but re-veal considerable genetic differentiation between populations of the two highland species, D. casildae and D. microtus, respectively, from different localities. Correlated morphological differences confirm the existence of a cryptic species among populations currently assigned to D. microtus, which we describe as Dactyloa ginaelisae sp. nov. We provide point distribution maps, morphology and color descriptions, photographs in life, conservation status assessments, and an iden-tification key for all seven species.
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Cieszewski, Chris J., Michał Zasada, Roger C. Lowe, and Shanbin Liu. "Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights." Forests 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020141.
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We present here an example of research into methodology of an estimation of carbon and biomass pools in forests using the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), data of the 1989 and 1998 surveys for Georgia forests, as relevant for comparison with other extremely highly-cited estimates of similar, but different, methodologies. Based on the derived estimates, we produce an example map of the biomass density and pools at a sub-county level resolution, which is based on spatially explicit simulations of the potential cover-type polygons implied by the FIA data with approximate plot locations. Our results include estimates of the biomass pools in the belowground biomass in roots, aboveground woody biomass in trees, and the biomass of foliage. We estimated the biomass densities and pools at a tree level using diameters and heights and previously published models, then propagated these results to the plot level using tree expansion factors, and then transformed these estimates to plot-dependent polygons using plot expansion factors. The plot-dependent polygons were spatially simulated using a simplified assumption of homogeneity of conditions surrounding each plot to the extent of the area defined by this plot’s expansion factors. The derived map provides a visual representation of the distribution of forest biomass densities and pools in the state of Georgia with distinctive patterns observed in various areas of urban development, federally owned forests, primary commercial forestland, and other land use areas. Coniferous forests with the highest total biomass density are located mostly in three regions: northern Georgia (Appalachian Highlands), the southern part of Piedmont, and the eastern part of Coastal Plain. Deciduous and mixed forests with the highest biomass density are concentrated mostly in the northern part of the state—especially in the Blue Ridge physiographic province, and in the western part of the East Gulf Coastal Plain. Counties with the highest biomass density were located primarily in the northern part of the state, while counties with the lowest density tended to be located in the Coastal Georgia area.
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Cunningham, Kutcher K., Andrew W. Ezell, Keith L. Belli, John D. Hodges, and Emily B. Schultz. "A Decisionmaking Model for Managing or Regenerating Southern Upland Hardwood Forests." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 35, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/35.4.184.
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Abstract A decisionmaking model was developed to assist hardwood resource managers in determining the management potential, for sawlog production, of southern upland hardwood stands within the Cumberland Plateau, Western Highland Rim, and Upper Coastal Plain physiographic provinces. The model determines stands to be either manageable (using intermediate stand management) or in need of regeneration. Stand index values were established for even-aged stands using stocking guidelines, individual tree characteristics, and tree class. Threshold index values for continued stand management were established for four sawtimber management objectives in the Cumberland Plateau and three sawtimber management objectives in the Western Highland Rim and Upper Coastal Plain. Stand index values above or below the threshold value returned a decision to continue to manage or initiate regeneration methods for a stand, respectively. In the Cumberland Plateau and Western Highland Rim provinces, a similarity of percentage between model decisions and decisions from an expert panel of hardwood silviculturists was calculated to assist in determining model effectiveness. The overall agreement between the model and experts was 71%.
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ESCALANTE, TANIA, GERARDO RODRÍGUEZ-TAPIA, and JUAN J. MORRONE. "Toward a biogeographic regionalization of the Nearctic region: Area nomenclature and digital map." Zootaxa 5027, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 351–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5027.3.3.
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We provide a preliminary nomenclatural proposal and a digital map of the Nearctic region, based on published regionalizations, especially Dice (1943), and applying the International Code of Area Nomenclature. The Nearctic region is comprised of three subregions (one of them with two dominions), one transition zone and 29 provinces. The Arctic subregion, in northern North America and Greenland, includes the Eskimoan, Hudsonian, Aleutian and Sitkan provinces. The Western subregion, in western North America, includes the Californian dominion, with the Californian and Oregonian provinces; and the Rocky Mountain dominion, including the Montanian, Saskatchewan, Palusian, Artemisian, Coloradan, Kansan, Mohavian, Navahonian, Sonoran, Chihuahuan, Comanche, and Baja California provinces. The Alleghany subregion, in eastern North America, includes the Illinoian, Canadian, Carolinian, Texan, Austroriparian, and Tamaulipan provinces. The Mexican Transition Zone, situated in the area of overlap with the Neotropical region, includes the Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur and Chiapas Highlands provinces.
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Shervais, John W., and James J. McGee. "Petrology of the Western Highland Province: Ancient crust formation at the Apollo 14 site." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 104, E3 (March 1, 1999): 5891–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998je900025.
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Sharifi, Mahnaz, and Abbas Motarjem. "The process of cultural change in Chalcolithic period in highland Western Iran at Tepe Gheshlagh." Documenta Praehistorica 45 (January 3, 2019): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.45-7.
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Tepe Gheshlagh is located in the center of Talvar Valley in Bijar County, Kurdistan province of Iran, on the east bank of Talvar River. It is rested on a Natural terrace, less than 30 meters above the current bed of the river. The mound is about one hectare in area, oval in shape, and rises more than 14 meters above the surrounding fields. Three seasons of salvage excavation carried out in the site which has revealed significant information on Early, Middle and Late Chalcolithic period (5500-3850 BC) in this region. Unfortunately no accurate Archeological research has been undertaken to gain a better understanding of Chalcolithic period, especially the Early this issue highlights current excavation. In fact, Exploration of cultural traces and, in particular, the important settlement of Tepe Gheshlagh as well as recognition of the subsistence economy of its residents can increase our knowledge of cultural traditions in this region.
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Sharifi, Mahnaz, and Abbas Motarjem. "The process of cultural change in Chalcolithic period in highland Western Iran at Tepe Gheshlagh." Documenta Praehistorica 45 (December 29, 2018): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.45.7.
Full textAbstract:
Tepe Gheshlagh is located in the center of Talvar Valley in Bijar County, Kurdistan province of Iran, on the east bank of Talvar River. It is rested on a Natural terrace, less than 30 meters above the current bed of the river. The mound is about one hectare in area, oval in shape, and rises more than 14 meters above the surrounding fields. Three seasons of salvage excavation carried out in the site which has revealed significant information on Early, Middle and Late Chalcolithic period (5500-3850 BC) in this region. Unfortunately no accurate Archeological research has been undertaken to gain a better understanding of Chalcolithic period, especially the Early this issue highlights current excavation. In fact, Exploration of cultural traces and, in particular, the important settlement of Tepe Gheshlagh as well as recognition of the subsistence economy of its residents can increase our knowledge of cultural traditions in this region.
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Chen, Taotao, Guimin Xia, Lloyd T. Wilson, Wei Chen, and Daocai Chi. "Trend and Cycle Analysis of Annual and Seasonal Precipitation in Liaoning, China." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5170563.
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Annual and seasonal precipitation data for 49 meteorological stations over the period of 1960–2006 in Liaoning province were analyzed. Liaoning experienced province-wide decreases in precipitation over the 47-year period, with annual precipitation decreasing by 96% of the stations, followed by 92, 84, 63, and 27%, respectively, for summer, autumn, spring, and winter precipitation. Regional trend analysis confirmed the province-wide decrease, which was detected by the site-specific analysis, but a greater number of significant declines were found for annual, summer, and autumn precipitation for Liaoning province and for three of its four subregions. Four significant cycles with alternation patterns were detected mainly at the time scales of 3–5, 10-11, 20–23, and 31.2 years for each of the four subregions (Liaodong Peninsula, Northeastern Mountain, Western Highland, and Central Plain) and the entire Liaoning province, with the dominant periodicities being 10-11 years. The 10-11-year periodic variation of Liaoning annual precipitation was negatively associated with sunspot activity and positively associated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) at the same time scale, while the 31.2-year periodic variation of Liaoning annual precipitation was positively correlated with both the EASM and ENSO activities at the 30–33-year time scale.
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Roesler, Ignacio, and Santiago Imberti. "Abundance and Habitat Use of Nearctic Shorebirds in the Highland Lakes of Western Santa Cruz Province, Argentinean Patagonia." Waterbirds 38, no. 1 (March 2015): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.038.0111.
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Zibzeev, E. G., and T. S. Chernicova. "Ecological and phytocoenological characteristics of high mountain communies of Oya ridge eastern part (Western Sayan)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 9 (2006): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2006.09.3.
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The paper presents an ecological-historical classification of high-mountain vegetation of the Oya Ridge eastern part and gives an ecological and phytocoenological description of the distinguished vegetation units which refer to 19 associations, 16 formations, 11 floristic-coenotic types, and 3 ecological-historical series. The climate of the study area is humid and moderately warm, with its precipitation and average July air temperature of 1120 mm p/a and 12.3 °C, respectively. As follows from the climatic peculiarities and the observed set of vegetation units, the high-mountain vegetation of the Oya Ridge is typical of humid highland areas of the Altai-Sayan mountain province. The complexity of mountain topography and site set results in a high level of community diversity as well as in complex spatial organization of the plant cover. Communities dominated by Aconitum sajanense, the Western Sayan Mts. endemic, have been first described as a separate formation, typical of the Oya Ridge. The phytocoenological optimum of this plant is observed the lower part of the subalpine belt, under the increased humidity conditions. The monkshood stands are usually formed in gentle slopes of various exposure. Due to vegetative mobility, the abundance of A. sajanense increases with an increase of the level of anthropogenic degradation of the plant cover.