Journal articles: 'Western Province (Zambia)'

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Rush, K. L., J. Barker, R. Ollivier, M. Ferrier, and D. Singini. "Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Zambia’s Western Province." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p1.

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality from stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Case finding in some areas of the country, such as in rural Zambia is especially challenging with limited availability of ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring devices. Moreover, there is very little qualitative research exploring Zambian patients’ experiences living with AF. AIMS: The two-fold purpose of this study was i) to explore the use of a screening tool for detecting AF in Western Province, Zambia and ii) to understand the patient experience of living with AF. SETTING: Mongu and Limulunga Districts in the Western Province of Zambia. METHODS: Mixed methods. Convenience sampling for both quantitative and qualitative arms of the study was used to recruit participants attending public ‘Health Checks.’ Quantitative data were collected by means of an interview-administered survey and qualitative data were obtained through individual interviews. RESULTS: An irregular manual pulse was found in 12.6% (n=33) of Zambians who attended the Health Checks and two participants were confirmed to have AF. Zambians with an irregular pulse had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and were significantly less sedentary than those without pulse irregularities. Two themes emerged from the interview with two patients diagnosed with AF: symptoms and healthcare access. CONCLUSION: Hypertension continues to be a problem in adult Zambians and is an independent risk factor for stroke and, when diagnosed in conjunction with AF, further compounds stroke risk. Access to screening and diagnostic care for AF is essential, especially in currently underserved rural areas. In addition, participants presented with unique risk factors, such as consolidated periods of exercise, that require further research to determine context and seasonal variation so as to improve education and prevention strategies.

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Siddiqi, Omar K., Muzala Kapina, Ramya Kumar, Albertina Ngomah Moraes, Patrick Kabwe, Mazyanga L. Mazaba, Lottie Hachaambwa, et al. "Konzo outbreak in the Western Province of Zambia." Neurology 94, no. 14 (March 3, 2020): e1495-e1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009017.

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ObjectiveTo identify the etiology of an outbreak of spastic paraparesis among women and children in the Western Province of Zambia suspected to be konzo.MethodsWe conducted an outbreak investigation of individuals from Mongu District, Western Province, Zambia, who previously developed lower extremity weakness. Cases were classified with the World Health Organization definition of konzo. Active case finding was conducted through door-to-door evaluation in affected villages and sensitization at local health clinics. Demographic, medical, and dietary history was used to identify common exposures in all cases. Urine and blood specimens were taken to evaluate for konzo and alternative etiologies.ResultsWe identified 32 cases of konzo exclusively affecting children 6 to 14 years of age and predominantly females >14 years of age. Fourteen of 15 (93%) cases ≥15 years of age were female, 11 (73%) of whom were breastfeeding at the time of symptom onset. Cassava was the most commonly consumed food (median [range] 14 [4–21] times per week), while protein-rich foods were consumed <1 time per week for all cases. Of the 30 patients providing urine specimens, median thiocyanate level was 281 (interquartile range 149–522) μmol/L, and 73% of urine samples had thiocyanate levels >136 μmol/L, the 95th percentile of the US population in 2013 to 2014.ConclusionThis investigation revealed the first documented cases of konzo in Zambia, occurring in poor communities with diets high in cassava and low in protein, consistent with previous descriptions from neighboring countries.

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Mulenga, Rabson M., James P. Legg, Joseph Ndunguru, Douglas W. Miano, Eunice W. Mutitu, Patrick C. Chikoti, and O. J. Alabi. "Survey, Molecular Detection, and Characterization of Geminiviruses Associated with Cassava Mosaic Disease in Zambia." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (July 2016): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1170-re.

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A survey was conducted from April to May 2014 in 214 farmers’ fields located across six major cassava-producing provinces (Western, Northwestern, Northern, Luapula, Lusaka, and Eastern) of Zambia to determine the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and the species diversity of associated cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMG). Mean CMD incidence varied across all six provinces but was greatest in Lusaka Province (81%) and least in Northern Province (44%). Mean CMD severity varied slightly between provinces, ranging from 2.78 in Eastern Province to 3.00 in Northwestern Province. Polymerase chain reaction discrimination of 226 survey samples, coupled with complete DNA-A genome sequence analysis, revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), and East African cassava mosaic Malawi virus (EACMMV) as single or mixed infections of different proportions. Single-virus infections were predominant, occurring in 62.8% (ACMV), 5.8% (EACMMV), and 2.2% (EACMV) of samples relative to mixed-virus infections, which occurred in 19.5% (ACMV + EACMMV), 0.4% (ACMV + EACMV), and 0.9% (ACMV + EACMV + EACMMV) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of virus isolates from Zambia into clades specific to ACMV, EACMV, and EACMMV, further confirming the presence of all three viruses in Zambia. The results point to a greater diversity of CMG across major cassava-growing provinces of Zambia and implicate contaminated cassava cuttings in disease spread.

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Kalima, Mulele, Kennedy Lishimpi, Jane L. Meza, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Susan C. Msadabwe, Catherine K. Mwaba, Aaron L. Shibemba, et al. "Observed and Expected Incidence of Cervical Cancer in Lusaka and the Southern and Western Provinces of Zambia, 2007 to 2012." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 25, no. 1 (January 2015): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000325.

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ObjectivesCervical cancer is increasing but underestimated in developing countries. We calculated the observed and expected incidence of cervical cancer in Lusaka and Southern and Western provinces of Zambia.Methods/MaterialsData for 2007 to 2012 were obtained for the 3 provinces. Data included age, residence, year of diagnosis, marital status, occupation, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), stage, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Expected incidence in Southern and Western provinces was calculated based on observed incidence for Lusaka province, adjusting for HIV.ResultsCrude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) in Lusaka were 2 to 4 times higher than incidence in the other 2 provinces. Lusaka had a rate of 54.1 per 105and ASR of 82.1 per 105in the age group of 15 to 49 years. The Southern province had a rate of 17.1 per 105and ASR of 25.5 per 105; the Western province had a rate of 12.3 per 105and ASR rate of 17.2 per 105. The observed cervical cancer incidence rates in the Southern and Western provinces were lower than the rate in Lusaka, possibly because of the uncertainty of underreporting/underdiagnosis or actual lower risk for reasons yet unclear. The HIV seroprevalence rates in patients from the 3 provinces were 46% to 93% higher than seroprevalence in the respective general populations.ConclusionsCervical cancer is significantly underestimated in Zambia, and HIV has a significant role in pathogenesis. Future studies should establish methods for case ascertainment and better utilization of hospital- and population-based registries in Zambia and other similar developing countries.

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Chiza Chikoti, Patrick, Mathias Tembo, James Peter Legg, Rudolph Rufini Shirima, Habibu Mugerwa, and Peter Sseruwagi. "Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Associated with Cassava and the Occurrence of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Zambia." Insects 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110761.

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Bemisia tabaci is an important vector of cassava brown streak viruses and cassava mosaic begomoviruses, the causal agents of cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), respectively. A study was carried out to determine the genetic variability of B. tabaci associated with cassava and the occurrence of CMD in Zambia in 2013 and 2015. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of only the sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) genetic group in Zambia. The SSA1 population had three population subgroups (SGs): SSA1-SG1, SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3. All three SSA1 population subgroups occurred in Western Province. However, only SSA1-SG3 occurred in Eastern Province, while only SSA1-SG1 occurred in North Western and Luapula Provinces. Adult B. tabaci were most abundant in Western Province in 2013 (11.1/plant) and 2015 (10.8/plant), and least abundant (0.2/plant) in Northern Province in both 2013 and 2015. CMD was prevalent in all seven provinces surveyed, with the highest incidence recorded in Lusaka Province in both 2013 (78%) and 2015 (83.6%), and the lowest in Northern Province in both 2013 (26.6%) and 2015 (29.3%). Although SSA1-SG1 occurred at greater abundances than the other subgroups, there was no direct association demonstrated between whitefly subgroup and incidence of CMD. Establishing which B. tabaci genetic groups and populations are associated with CMD and their distribution in the country is a key factor in guiding the development of CMD control strategies for cassava-dependent households.

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Cameron, Elisabeth L. "Women=Masks: Initiation Arts in North-Western Province, Zambia." African Arts 31, no. 2 (1998): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337519.

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Mwila, Kennedy, Steward Mudenda, Martin Kampamba, Webrod Mufwambi, Enala S. Lufungulo, Margaret Phiri, and Christabel N. Hikaambo. "Factors Affecting Access to E-Learning during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Among Rural-Based Pharmacy Students in Zambia: A Qualitative Study." Epidemiology – Open Journal 6, no. 1 (October 21, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/epoj-6-124.

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the education sector globally. This has resulted in learning institutions adopting e-learning techniques. E-learning implementation in higher education continues to gain prominence in both developed and developing countries. Most universities are exploring different ways of using information and communications technology (ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural areas. Aim This study was aimed at exploring the factors that affect access to e-learning among rural-based pharmacy students in Zambia. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted among ten (10) purposively sampled pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. The study participants were from the Manying, a district of North-Western Province, the Sinda district of Eastern Province, the Nalolo district of Western Province, the Chipili district of Luapula Province and the Mbala district of Northern Province. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis. The sociodemographic characteristics indicate that ten (10) respondents were drawn from Zambia’s five (5) provinces. Six qualitative themes were generated these included devices used for e-learning; the effectiveness of the devices; student performance; internet connectivity; and electrification of the houses. Key findings suggest that the most commonly used device was a smartphone, which posed challenges to effective learner participation in e-learning. Poor internet connectivity, non-electrification of students’ houses, electricity outages, and costs-associated with internet use negatively affected students in accessing online learning and could adversely affect their academic activities and performance. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected access to e-learning among rural pharmacy students in Zambia. The implications of the challenges faced by the rural pharmacy students are that their academic activities and performance were negatively affected. Therefore, this posed a threat to the rights to universal access to education of the rural students who were mostly venerable.

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Chisengele, L., A. Uaciquete, and P. W. Kachapulula. "Prevalence of Cashew Powdery Mildew Disease in Western Province of Zambia." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 5 (2022): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.75.18.

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Cashew powdery mildew disease (PMD) is the most devastating disease of cashew nuts lowering nut yields and quality in Zambia and the rest of the world. Information on prevalence patterns and timing of disease onset is vital to manage the disease in any country effectively. Cashew powdery mildew disease incidence and severity were assessed from 160 farmers randomly chosen from all agricultural camps in eight of the ten cashew-growing districts of the Western province of Zambia in April, May, June and July 2020. A two-way ANOVA was used to compare disease severity by month and district. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.001) in both PMD incidence and severity among different districts, with the highest incidence in Limulunga (55.88 %) and the least in Sikongo District (36.49 %). Disease severity was highest in Nalolo (57.49 %) and lowest in Sioma district (27.87 %). July registered the highest (61.89 %), and April had the lowest (20.08%) incidence of the disease. PMD severity was highest in July (51.69 %). The current study indicates that one of the best strategies to control PMD in this cashew-growing province of Zambia is to include control measures such as the removal of water shoots beginning February through March for all districts, chemical control beginning in April in Limulunga district and delayed to May for the rest of the districts. The study has also identified the hotspots of PMD that should be priority targets for disease management to maximize the use of limited resources.

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Banda, Frank, Yona Sinkala, Liywalli Mataa, Phiyani Lebea, Tingiya Sikombe, Henry L. Kangwa, Elliot M. Fana, et al. "Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa." Viruses 13, no. 11 (October 31, 2021): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112195.

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The livestock industry supports livelihood and nutritional security of at least 42% of people in the Southern African Development Community region. However, presence of animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease poses a major threat to the development of this industry. Samples collected from FMD outbreaks in Zambia during 2015–2020, comprising epithelial tissues samples (n = 47) and sera (n = 120), were analysed. FMD virus was serotyped in 26 samples, while 92 sera samples tested positive on NSP-ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed notable changes in the epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, which included: (i) introduction of a novel FMDV SAT-3 (topotype II) causing FMD cases in cattle in Western Province; (ii) emergence of FMDV serotype O (topotype O/EA-2) in Central, Southern, Copperbelt, Western, Lusaka Provinces; and (iii) new outbreaks due to SAT -2 (topotypes I) in Eastern Zambia. Together, these data describe eight different epizootics that occurred in Zambia, four of which were outside the known FMD high-risk areas. This study highlights the complex epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, where the country represents an interface between East Africa (Pool 4) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). These changing viral dynamics have direct impacts on FMD vaccine selection in the SADC region.

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Nduna, Mwenya, and Wanga Chakanika. "An Investigation into the Challenges Encountered by the University of Zambia in the Implementation of Extension Education: A Case of North Western Province." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.2.1.435.

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The Extra Mural Studies Department (now known as Extension Studies Section) was established in order to maintain the university links with the community as well as serve as a conduit through which university knowledge and university ways of thought can be transmitted to people in their locality. This research therefore, was an undertaking to identify challenges encountered in the implementation of University Extension Education. It was guided by the following objectives; identify the challenges encountered in the implementation of Extension Education, find out whether or not the University of Zambia Extension Education programs are in tandem with the educational needs of the local society in North Western Province, and assess whether or not the University of Zambia Extension Studies in North Western Province conducted other outreach programs apart from evening classes. In terms the research design, the study employed a case study design as it allowed the researcher to bring out a case and study it in its natural setting. Questionnaire and interview guide were the instruments used to collect data from the respondents comprising 97 students and 1 officer administering the office of the Resident Lecturer. It emerged from the findings that there were many challenges that the University of Zambia encountered in the implementation of extension education, central of all was the lack of qualified part time tutors in addressing the educational needs of the community in which it operated. The study also established that most of the courses offered by the University Extension Studies in North Western Province did not answer to the educational needs of the people in the Province. In view of the findings the study recommended that the University of Zambia should ensure that the provincial office is adequately and appropriately staffed with qualified personnel and also make a deliberate effort to create a policy to involve the local community.

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Capistrant, P. L., M. W. Hitzman, D. Wood, N. M. Kelly, G. Williams, M. Zimba, Y. Kuiper, D. Jack, and H. Stein. "Geology of the Enterprise Hydrothermal Nickel Deposit, North-Western Province, Zambia." Economic Geology 110, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.1.9.

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Phiri, A. M., I. K. Phiri, and J. Monrad. "Prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambian cattle from communal grazing areas." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 1 (March 2006): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005313.

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AbstractTo estimate prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with bovine Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambia, 709 faeces of cattle presented for slaughter from three major cattle rearing areas of Central, Southern and Western provinces were analysed. The prevalence rate of amphistomes was 51.6%. Egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces ranged from 0 to 385 with a mean (± SEM) of 11.96±1.07. The origin of the cattle had a significant influence (P<0.001) on the prevalence rate. Fasciola gigantica infections accounted for 46.7% of the cattle examined. The mean EPG count (± SEM) was 6.3±0.66 with a range of 0 to 223. A total of 34.6% were mixed infections while single Fasciola and amphistome infections represented 12.1% and 17.1%, respectively. Significantly more cattle (63.8%) were infected with either single or both trematode infections (P<0.0001) than not. Mixed trematode infections were highest in the Southern province (80.0%) while the lowest were recorded in Central province (16.3%). A positive correlation (r2=0.0428) was present in mixed infections. In order to minimize losses, epidemiology and cross-resistance of amphistomiasis and fascioliasis should be studied in different ecological regions of Zambia to formulate efficient control programmes.

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Banda, Fredrick, King Shimumbo Nalubamba, John Bwalya Muma, Musso Munyeme, and Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu. "A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Cystic Hydatidosis in Slaughtered Cattle of Western Province in Zambia." ISRN Parasitology 2013 (October 24, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/468163.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2007 to November 2008 to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle from two abattoirs in Mongu, Western Province, Zambia, using prospective and retrospective data. Out of the 4061 cattle examined during postmortem inspection, 84 (2.1%) were positive for hydatidosis. No cases were detected from Kaoma and Shangombo districts; however, prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 2.5% in districts where it was present. Sex was found to be positively associated with hydatidosis (P=0.035) with female cattle being more likely to have hydatidosis (OR=1.62). In the retrospective study (1994 to 2007), annual prevalence of hydatidosis ranged from 1.56% (n = 12,641) in 2006 to 4.7% (n=2633) in 2001 with an overall prevalence of 3% (4689/158,456). This value is comparable to that observed in cattle slaughtered between October 2007 and November 2008 (2.1%). Hydatidosis was observed in the lungs (51.2%), liver (47.6%), and kidneys (1.2%). The percentage of viable cysts was 43.7%. This study confirms the presence of hydatidosis in cattle in Western Province of Zambia and estimates economic losses due to organ condemnations. Data presented herein provides a useful baseline for developing policy and intervention measures.

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Hansen, M. C., R. S. DeFries, J. R. G. Townshend, L. Marufu, and R. Sohlberg. "Development of a MODIS tree cover validation data set for Western Province, Zambia." Remote Sensing of Environment 83, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 320–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(02)00080-9.

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Mfune, Ruth Lindizyani, Melai Mubanga, Isaac Silwamba, Frederick Sagamiko, Steward Mudenda, Victor Daka, Jacques Godfroid, Bernard M. Hangombe, and John B. Muma. "Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Zambia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041436.

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Brucellosis is an infectious zoonosis that has huge economic and public health implications globally. The disease is prevalent in humans, livestock and wildlife in Sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 6 May 2017 and 31 July 2020 during which 1712 sera from 175 cattle herds in five districts from Southern, Western and Eastern Provinces of Zambia were collected and screened against brucellosis. The Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and competitive Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay (c-ELISA) were used in serial testing for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species. A total of 127 animals from 37 herds tested positive, giving overall individual animal and herd-level seroprevalences of 7.53% (95% CI: 6.28–8.78%) and 21.14% (95% CI: 15.0–27.2%), respectively. Namwala district had the highest herd seroprevalence (33.9%, 95% CI: 21.6–46.1%), while Lundazi did not record any seropositivity. Comparably, Southern Province had the highest individual animal (8.97%, 95% CI: 7–11%) and herd-level (28.5%, 95% CI: 20.3–36.7%) seroprevalences, although this was not statistically significant. Within Southern Province, higher seropositivity was observed in Namwala district (OR: 8.55; CI: 2.66–27.44), among female animals (OR: 2.48; CI: 1.38–4.46) and in those aged 11 years and above (OR: 2.67; CI: 1.34–5.34) as well as in gravid cows (OR: 4.34; CI: 2.08–8.92). Seropositivity was also observed among some animals with hygromas (OR: 6.5; CI: 0.45–94.08) and those with a history of abortion (OR: 1.13; CI: 0.18–7.28) although the findings were not statistically significant. Brucella seroprevalence among traditional cattle in Zambia remains high. Control programs against bovine brucellosis must be introduced to reduce its impact on human health and animal production.

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Stromgaard, Peter. "A subsistence society under pressure: the Bemba of northern Zambia." Africa 55, no. 1 (January 1985): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159838.

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Opening ParagraphThe research upon which this article is based was carried out over a period of four months in the Northern and Luapula Provinces of Zambia. Before that, I spent two years working in the area as an agricultural officer. One of the villages described in the article is situated on the western shore of Lake Bangweulu, the other 20 km south of Kasama, the major city of Northern Province, the homeland of the Bemba (Fig. 1). The area is almost exclusively devoted to chitemene shifting cultivation, an agricultural system where crops are grown in the ash from burning the collected, stacked branches that have been lopped and chopped from an pressure, vegetation is now chopped before it is fully regenerated, and the system seems to be starting to break down. A major task during my field stay was to describe the ecological (Stromgaard, 1984a) and economic (Stromgaard, 1984b) aspects of this change, but it soon became apparent that subsistence activity and social structure deeply influenced the village's economic activities.

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M Siachoono, Stanford, Obote Shakachite, Alexinah M Muyenga, and Justice Bwalya. "Under Ground Treasure: A Preliminary Inquiry into the Ecology and Distribution of Zambian Truffles." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n2p1.

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Zambian truffles, (believed to belong to the genus Terfezia because of its proximity to the Kalahari truffles), with a native Lozi name as Zoondwe (p) in Western province of Zambia, have been on the diet of many local inhabitants for many years. They are collected or hunted at the end of the rainy season between early April and early July each year. Very little is known of the Zambian truffles scientifically apart from the local ethno mycological knowledge. The present work is a preliminary study carried out to understand their ecology, plant interaction and distribution including the soil pH and the weather conditions.The second revelation was the occurrence of a similar truffle species which the locals call simbulukutu. It is a bitter relative of the actual truffles that the locals eat. Despite the bitterness, the locals eat it, with special preparation, in hard times.

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Sitali, Constance. "OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF HOME-GROWN SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME: A CASE OF WESTERN PROVINCE, ZAMBIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 9 (October 7, 2021): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i9.2021.4268.

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Home-grown school feeding (HGSF) is an innovative approach to school meals that encourages school to source nutritious food from local smallholder farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out the opportunities and challenges of Home-grown school feeding in Western Province of Zambia. The study was guided by the theory of change by Weiss. Being a qualitative study, descriptive approach was used as a design. A total of 81 informants were targeted; 10 headteachers and 30 teachers from 10 public primary schools, 40 selected smallholder farmers from communities around schools and WFP Provincial Officer. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select the informants as they were directly involved in the school feeding while simple random sampling was used to select 10 public primary schools in 5 districts. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured questionnaires and face to face interview guide. Qualitative data obtained were transcribed, analysed thematically and presented descriptively with verbatim quotes. The study revealed that HGSF has several opportunities, namely; equitable access to education, foster local economic, stimulating agriculture growth, food security and nutritious foods, diversification of local production, job creation, access to additional market and capacity building among others. Further, despite multiple opportunities, the study was characterized by some challenges such as climate change resulting in an unpredictable weather pattern, inconsistency in supply of food to schools, frequent rise of food prices affecting household food access, low level of agriculture technology and high dependency on rainfall for farming activities, the use of centralised approach to procurement of food, price volatility and unpredictable markets, lack of infrastructure and water scarcity. The study recommended that the Government should put in place a set of mechanisms that assist smallholder farmers in applying good agricultural practices and enhance their adaptability to climate change.

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Wolski, P. "Remote sensing, land use and hydrotopes in Western Province, Zambia. Elements of a groundwater study." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 23, no. 4 (January 1998): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-1946(98)00058-5.

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Brooks, Elizabeth E. "The care of AIDS patients in rural Zambia: a case study in the North Western Province." International Social Work 39, no. 3 (July 1996): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289603900304.

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Koster-Oyekan, Winny. "Why resort to illegal abortion in Zambia? Findings of a community-based study in Western Province." Social Science & Medicine 46, no. 10 (March 1998): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)10058-2.

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Kafwimbi, Stefan, Osward Bwanga, and James Maimbo Sichone. "An Audit of Computed Tomography (CT) Services in Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.4.847.

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Background: In Zambia, Computed Tomography (CT) has been available since 1994 as part of the healthcare delivery pathway. Radiographers undertake CT examinations of the body to diagnose diseases, injuries and to plan for radiotherapy. Objective: The aim of this study was to audit CT services in Zambia. Methodology: The study used a convergent parallel design in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently using an online questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whilst qualitative data were analysed by themes. Results: Out of the 23 facilities, a total of 22 responded. Results indicated that Western and Central provinces did not have CT scanners. Most CT facilities are in the Lusaka province. 59% (N=13) and 41% (N=9) were from the public and private sectors, respectively. In public hospitals, 46% (N=6) of CT scanners were functional with service contracts and 89% (N=8) were functional in the private hospitals with service contracts. 61.5 % (N=8) of public hospitals had maintenance schedules while 89% (N=8) of private hospitals had maintenance schedules. A total of 7 facilities reported having radiographers with a qualification in CT. 12 out of 22 facilities indicated having a radiologist with average patient waiting times for CT reports being 76 hours and 24 hours in public and private facilities, respectively. Conclusion: This audit revealed an unequal distribution of CT scanners characterised by poor maintenance and lack of service contracts, especially in public hospitals. The audit also revealed longer waiting times for CT reports in public than in private hospitals.

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Sitali-Mubanga, Georgina Nandila. "Some Effects of English Loanword Adaptation into SiLozi." International Journal of Education 10, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v10i4.13422.

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This study under linguistics, sought to examine the Morphophonological effects of the English loanword adaptation into SiLozi a lingua franca of the Western province of Zambia which is a media of instruction in grades one to three for systematisation. Like many African languages, SiLozi does not have the potential to give equivalents to words of English origin unless through borrowing. Schools being the pivot of development, there was an inconsistency in the same education system concerning the adaptation of English loanwords. The study was carried out in selected primary schools of Mongu district in Zambia. The data were collected with the use of voice recorders during on-going lessons for grades one to three in Creative and Technology Studies, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies and in SiLozi subjects in order to capture all English loanwords used in the SiLozi medium of instruction. The main results revealed that feature changing, deletion, insertion and metathesis phonological rules were applied on the English terms in order to nativise them.

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Banda, Yolan, Chisoni Mumba, Martin Simuunza, and Bernard Hang’ombe. "Modelling the Societal Burden of Anthrax in Cattle in the Western Province of Zambia Using a Modification of Disability Adjusted Life Years." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 5, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.5.4.709.

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Anthrax, which is a naturally occurring zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, has been endemic in Western Zambia. This paper estimated the societal burden of anthrax on cattle using Productivity Adjusted Life Years (PALYs) among cattle farmers in the Western Province of Zambia. A quantitative cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from cattle farmers in Mongu, Nalolo and Limulunga districts of Western Zambia. The Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) model for human populations was modified and adapted to the animal population model, PALYs, to estimate the societal burden of animal diseases. The integral calculator was used to estimate the societal disease burden of anthrax using PALY equations in three categories: PALYs without discounting and age weighting, PALYs with only discounting, and PALYs with discounting and age weighting. The results showed that anthrax affected the quality of life years lived by animals significantly due to years lost due to disability (YLD) and years lost due to premature death (YLL). A cow, bull and ox lost about 34%, 39% and 37% of productivity years of its life span due to anthrax. This shows that a bull lost most years of productivity, seconded by an ox and, lastly, a cow. Anthrax further caused a total loss of 459,280.90 PALYs in the three districts. The quality of life is improved, and productivity losses are reduced to almost 0% for all three types of animals by introducing effective anthrax control measures in the absence of other adverse health conditions. Anthrax negatively affected livestock production due to significant loss of healthy years of life and loss of quality of life. Since bulls lost most of the productivity years of their life span, we argue that transportation, draught power, sells as well, as socio status were the most affected as these are usually performed by the bull, the most productive. Therefore, it is important to minimise the loss of cattle productivity through morbidity and mortality. Different intervention programmes for the same disease can be compared in cost-effective analysis using PALYs as one of the tools. Therefore, the societal burden of diseases should also be applied on top of other existing methods used to assess the impact of diseases on animals to enable policymakers to have a complete and comprehensive picture of the impact.

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Wastika, Christida E., Hayato Harima, Michihito Sasaki, Bernard M. Hang’ombe, Yuki Eshita, Yongjin Qiu, William W. Hall, Michael T. Wolfinger, Hirofumi Sawa, and Yasuko Orba. "Discoveries of Exoribonuclease-Resistant Structures of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses Isolated in Zambia." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091017.

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To monitor the arthropod-borne virus transmission in mosquitoes, we have attempted both to detect and isolate viruses from 3304 wild-caught female mosquitoes in the Livingstone (Southern Province) and Mongu (Western Province) regions in Zambia in 2017. A pan-flavivirus RT-PCR assay was performed to identify flavivirus genomes in total RNA extracted from mosquito lysates, followed by virus isolation and full genome sequence analysis using next-generation sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We isolated a newly identified Barkedji virus (BJV Zambia) (10,899 nt) and a novel flavivirus, tentatively termed Barkedji-like virus (BJLV) (10,885 nt) from Culex spp. mosquitoes which shared 96% and 75% nucleotide identity with BJV which has been isolated in Israel, respectively. These viruses could replicate in C6/36 cells but not in mammalian and avian cell lines. In parallel, a comparative genomics screening was conducted to study evolutionary traits of the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of isolated viruses. Bioinformatic analyses of the secondary structures in the UTRs of both viruses revealed that the 5′-UTRs exhibit canonical stem-loop structures, while the 3′-UTRs contain structural homologs to exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs), SL-III, dumbbell, and terminal stem-loop (3′SL) structures. The function of predicted xrRNA structures to stop RNA degradation by Xrn1 exoribonuclease was further proved by the in vitro Xrn1 resistance assay.

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Willemse, L. P. M. "A trial of odour baited targets to control the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in west Zambia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, no. 3 (September 1991): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300033630.

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AbstractTargets of black cloth with or without flanking netting panels (ca. 1 m tall × 1.7 m) baited with acetone (130 mg/h) and 1-octen-3-ol (0.5 mg/h), coated with deltamethrin suspension concentrate and deployed at 4/km2, produced a decline of 3% per day in the apparent density of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans centralis Machado in 500 km2 of the Western Province of Zambia. Flies were eradicated in a year as evidenced by the absence of catches from flyrounds and traps and the elimination of the transmission of trypanosomiasis. The promise of the target technique is confirmed but the need for its further development is emphasized.

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Gibson, R. W., G. C. Kaitisha, J. M. Randrianaivoarivony, and H. J. Vetten. "Identification of the East African Strain of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Stunt Virus as a Major Component of Sweet Potato Virus Disease in Southern Africa." Plant Disease 82, no. 9 (September 1998): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.9.1063c.

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Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) is the most damaging disease of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. in Africa. It is caused by sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) plus either the West African strain of sweet potato chlorotic stunt crinivirus (Closteroviridae) (SPCSV-WA) (2) or the serologically distinct and apparently more severe East African strain (SPCSV-EA) (1). Typical symptoms of SPVD include severe plant stunting, leaf distortion, chlorosis, mosaic, or vein clearing (1). During a survey done in February 1998 of 48 farmers' fields in Lusaka Province and North Western Province of Zambia, sweet potato plants with typical SPVD symptoms were observed. Incidence was generally 1 to 5% but occasionally >20%. To determine which viruses (SPFMV, SPCSV-EA, SPCSV-WA) were present in symptomatic plants, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were done on leaf sap extracts. Twenty-two SPVD-affected plants from Lusaka Province and 15 from North Western Province were tested and SPFMV and SPCSV-EA (but not SPCSV-WA) were detected in all samples. SPCSV-EA by itself may cause purpling or yellowing of lower or middle leaves (1). Eight plants showing these symptoms were collected from North Western Province, and SPCSV-EA only was detected in six of the samples. SPVD was also observed in a 1997 survey of crops near Antsirable, Madagascar; incidence was generally <1% but occasionally >20%; SPFMV and SPCSV-EA, but not SPCSV-WA, were detected in two SPVD samples tested. Our results are the first report of SPCSV in southern Africa. SPVD in the regions surveyed appears to be due to SPFMV and SPCSV-EA; SPCSV-WA was not detected. References: (1) R. W. Gibson et al. Plant Pathol. 47:95, 1998. (2) G. A. Schaefers and E. R. Terry. Phytopathology 66:642, 1976.

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Sá, Ana C. L., José M. C. Pereira, and João M. N. Silva. "Estimation of combustion completeness based on fire‐induced spectral reflectance changes in a dambo grassland (Western Province, Zambia)." International Journal of Remote Sensing 26, no. 19 (October 10, 2005): 4185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160500113468.

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Bailey, Sarah Lou, Helen Ayles, Nulda Beyers, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Monde Muyoyeta, Elizabeth du Toit, John S. Yudkin, and Sian Floyd. "Diabetes mellitus in Zambia and the Western Cape province of South Africa: Prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and management." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 118 (August 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.05.001.

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Kazungu, Moses, Eliza Zhunusova, Gillian Kabwe, and Sven Günter. "Household-Level Determinants of Participation in Forest Support Programmes in the Miombo Landscapes, Zambia." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052713.

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The need to protect forest resources from unsustainable, yet rational, human actions has attracted global attention. This is because smallholder dependence on forests can degrade forest resources and cause deforestation. While efforts to understand forest programmes and motivations to protect forests have increased in recent decades, there remains a limited understanding of household factors affecting participation in forest support programmes, especially in the context of high-pressure areas, such as the Miombo woodlands. This study was conducted in the North-Western, Copperbelt and Eastern Province of Zambia. In each province, we selected landscapes consisting of protected and non-protected forest areas. We administered structured interviews to 1123 households and used logistic regression to estimate determinants of participation. We found that better education, landholding size, increased share of forest income, cash crops and non-farm income, and access to forests and markets have a negative impact on participation in forest support programmes. Being located in landscapes with protected areas was positively associated with participation. We suggest that, in order to increase participation, forest programmes should focus on households with low levels of education, limited livelihood opportunities, and poor access to markets. Besides, programmes should provide incentives, including support for farm inputs and at the same time encourage reforestation and agroforestry methods.

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Kalinda, Chester, Ziyaye Moses, Chama Lackson, Lwali Chisala, Zulu Donald, Phiri Darius, and Chisha-Kasumu Exildah. "Economic Impact and Challenges of Jatropha curcas L. Projects in North-Western Province, Zambia: A Case of Solwezi District." Sustainability 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2015): 9907–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7089907.

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Wang, Xu, Wenqing Qin, Fen Jiao, Congren Yang, Yanfang Cui, Wei Li, Zhengquan Zhang, and Hao Song. "Mineralogy and Pretreatment of a Refractory Gold Deposit in Zambia." Minerals 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070406.

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The technological mineralogy of a gold deposit located in North-Western province of Zambia was carried out by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that gold was highly dispersed in gold-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and some gangues in the form of natural gold and electrum. The gold grade in the mineral was 15.96 g/t and the particle size distribution of gold was extremely uneven. Most of the gold particles were less than 10 μm and wrapped with gold-bearing minerals, making it difficult to achieve liberation during grinding. According to the characteristics of the refractory gold deposit, the gravity–flotation combined beneficiation process was used to recover the liberated coarse gold and the fine gold in the sulphides. The closed-circuit experiments obtained excellent indicators. The grade and recovery of gold in the gravity separation concentrates reached 91.24 g/t and 57.58%, respectively. The grade and recovery of gold in the flotation concentrates were 49.44 g/t and 33.36%, respectively. The total recovery of gold was 90.94%. The gravity–flotation combined beneficiation pretreatment process provided a feasible method for the refractory gold ore and ensured the effective recovery of gold.

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Lahme, Anne Mutunda, Ruth Stern, and Diane Cooper. "Factors impacting on menstrual hygiene and their implications for health promotion." Global Health Promotion 25, no. 1 (July 5, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916648301.

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Background: In the lives of women, puberty is marked by the onset of menarche. From this stage onwards until menopause, reproductive health and menstrual hygiene are important aspects of women’s lives. In Zambia’s Western Province, the natural process of menstruation is a taboo and dealt with secretly. Information and knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls is inadequate. This paper explores the factors influencing the understanding, experiences and practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Mongu District, Western Province of Zambia. Methods: An explorative study design was used by means of six focus group discussions conducted with 51 respondents, aged 13–20 years, from three secondary schools. Their age at menarche was 11–15. For data analysis thematic content analysis was used. Results: The paper shows that the girls suffer from poor menstrual hygiene, originating from lack of knowledge, culture and tradition, and socio-economic and environmental constraints, leading to inconveniences, humiliation and stress. This leads to reduced school attendance and poor academic performance, or even drop outs, and ultimately infringes upon the girls’ human rights. Conclusion: To address these shortcomings, a ‘super setting approach’ is recommended, in which a Health Promoting School could improve the girls’ individual and group needs, and a community setting which would address the broader socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. This would enable creating a supportive environment for the girls to manage their periods. To successfully utilize the approach, all stakeholders (parents, teachers, children, governments and communities) should cooperate to generate context-specific solutions for creating safe menstrual care, and better and dignified conditions for adolescent girls. Therefore, this calls for comprehensive, strident advocacy for policy changes at national level, and mediation and involvement at community level.

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Symenuk, Paisly. "Reaching My Peers: Virtual and Abroad Service Learning." Undergraduate Journal of Service Learning & Community-Based Research 5 (November 22, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56421/ujslcbr.v5i0.255.

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As I sit at my computer, reflecting upon my final service-learning experience in my undergraduate degree, I have no internet connection, no cellphone, and no close friends or family within 14,000 kilometers of me, and yet, I feel more connected than ever. I am in Senanga, a small but lively town that sits on the bank of the Zambezi River in the Western province of Zambia. Two white egrets sit on the shore, as small wooden boats travel to and from the local market to collect groceries for the week. This includes going upstream with multiple 25 kilogram bags of maize, better known as “millie mill,” which will be made into the local favorite, nshima. Here is where I completed my final service-learning component just days ago. Here, and allaround the world.

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Williams, P. R., and B. W. Nisbet. "Structural framework of the Lufilian Fold Belt in the Domes region of North Western Province, Zambia from interpretation of geophysical data." Journal of African Earth Sciences 129 (May 2017): 542–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.01.029.

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Chinsembu, K. C. "Ethnobotanical study of medicinal flora utilised by traditional healers in the management of sexually transmitted infections in Sesheke District, Western Province, Zambia." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 26, no. 2 (March 2016): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.030.

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Mpofu, Martin, Fabian Kakana, Kasonde Mundende, Francina Makondo, Gistered Muleya, and Francis Simui. "Emergent Implications of the ‘Combined School’ Phenomenon: Lessons from the Upgraded Nangula Combined School in Limulunga District, Zambia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.810.10998.

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This study was conducted at Nangula Combined school in Limulunga District of Western Province, Zambia. It investigated the emergent implications of the ‘Combined School’ phenomenon through experiences of selected stakeholders of the said school using qualitative methodology and Case Study design. The study sample had 25 participants who were purposively sampled. Key findings of the study revealed that the school had experienced some slight positive changes in infrastructural development. The study also revealed that the introduction of senior secondary classes in the school had been appreciated by all stakeholders as it had reduced some distances that learners cover to access education. On a negative part, the study found that the school had a critical shortage of staff accommodation. The few available houses were in a dilapidated state. Inadequate desks, tables and chairs and weekly boarding facilities also characterized the experiences in this school. Further findings of this study were that the school was understaffed, especially at the primary section, which had three teachers only. Besides, the existence of both primary school trained teachers and secondary school trained teachers in one school enhanced the superiority and inferiority complexes. The school had an inadequate supply of teaching and learning resources coupled with the absence of specialized rooms, technology facilities like mobile network and internet connectivity. Thus, it is recommended that the government should embark on infrastructural development and provide adequately trained teachers. Provision of teaching and learning resources and more desks, chairs and tables should be a priority. It is important also to facilitate the upgrading of teachers who have acquired higher professional qualifications. To curb the inferiority and superiority perceptions that exists between the secondary trained teachers and the primary trained teachers, the study recommends that the two sections be split and work independently.

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Chambaro, Herman M., Michihito Sasaki, Edgar Simulundu, Isaac Silwamba, Yona Sinkala, Gabriel Gonzalez, David Squarre, et al. "Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia." Viruses 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090963.

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Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants with serious trade and socio-economic implications. Although the disease has been reported in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is currently no information on circulating serotypes and disease distribution in Zambia. Following surveillance for BT in domestic and wild ruminants in Zambia, BT virus (BTV) nucleic acid and antibodies were detected in eight of the 10 provinces of the country. About 40% (87/215) of pooled blood samples from cattle and goats were positive for BTV nucleic acid, while one hartebeest pool (1/43) was positive among wildlife samples. Sequence analysis of segment 2 revealed presence of serotypes 3, 5, 7, 12 and 15, with five nucleotypes (B, E, F, G and J) being identified. Segment 10 phylogeny showed Zambian BTV sequences clustering with Western topotype strains from South Africa, intimating likely transboundary spread of BTV in Southern Africa. Interestingly, two Zambian viruses and one isolate from Israel formed a novel clade, which we designated as Western topotype 4. The high seroprevalence (96.2%) in cattle from Lusaka and Central provinces and co-circulation of multiple serotypes showed that BT is widespread, underscoring the need for prevention and control strategies.

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Leonard, Colleen M., Chipwaila Choolwe Chunga, Justine M. Nkaama, Kutha Banda, Chilekwa Mibenge, Victor Chalwe, Godfrey Biemba, Sandra Chilengi-Sakala, and Florence Kabinga Mwale. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care waste management among Zambian health care workers." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): e0000655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000655.

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Poor management of health care waste poses a serious threat to the health of health care workers, patients and communities. In developing countries, adequate health care waste management (HCWM) is often a challenge. To address this, the Zambian Health Services Improvement Project with HCWM as a component, was implemented in five Zambian provinces (Luapula, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western and Western Provinces), under which this cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care workers on HCWM. Fifty government hospitals and health posts from five provinces in Zambia were included in the study. Data was collected using a mixed-methods approach, which included surveys with health care workers (n = 394), in-depth interviews (n = 47) with health officials at the provincial, district, and facility levels, and observational checklists (n = 86). Overall, knowledge of proper waste segregation was average (mean knowledge score 4.7/ 7). HCWM knowledge varied significantly by job position (p = 0.02) and not by facility level, years of service, nor prior training. Only 37.3% of respondents recalled having received any sort of HCWM training. Poor waste segregation practice was found as only 56.9% of the facilities used an infectious waste bag (yellow, red or orange bin liner) and a black bag for general waste. This study revealed that only 43% of facilities had a functional incinerator on site for infectious waste treatment. Needle sticks were alarmingly high with 31.3% of all respondents reporting a prior needle stick. The system of HCWM remains below national and international standards in health facilities in Zambia. It is imperative that all health care workers undergo comprehensive HCWM training and sufficient health care waste commodities are supplied to all health facility levels in Zambia.

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Kumwenda, M., and Peter Chileshe. "Mining induced displacement and resettlement (MIDR): a case of Muzabula compound in Solwezi mining district Zambia." Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jonas.3.1.464.

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Liberalisation of the economy in the early 2000s by the Zambian government led to the privatisation of the State owned mining assets. Kansanshi Mine in Solwezi, North-western province of Zambia was sold to First Quantum. When the company started mining in 2004, some families in Muzabula compound that where in proposed mining area were displaced. Mining induced displacement and resettlement (MIDR) led to loss of socio-cultural, economic and environmental aspects of the displaced families thereby affecting their livelihood. Included was loss of land, common property resources, and disruption of social networks, loss of traditional authority and identity and destruction of forests and loss of access to the river. The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of MIDR on the livelihood of the displaced community of Muzabula Compound. The conceptual and theoretical framework was based on the ‘Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction model’ that looks at impoverishment risk assessment of socio-cultural, economic and environmental aspect in its analysis that arise from displacement. Qualitative research methods were used to collect data through semi structured interviews with the community, mine representative and government officials. A total number of forty-seven participants took part in the interviews. Grounded theory was used for data analysis and interpretation. Displacement took place in two phases, in 2004 at the beginning of mining and in 2015 during the construction of the smelter road. During the first phase, people were compensated in form of money at $3190 (US Dollars) per 50 x 50 metres of land. The amount included houses, fruit trees, fields and whatever was on the land. The second phase, compensation was in form of good concrete houses better than the mad houses demolished and help in farming inputs and skills. The displaced families who were subsistence farmers improved their produce. The first displacement resulted in increased risks of impoverishment for the displaced due to loss of livelihood as the displaced families were not involved in the planning. The second displacement was properly planned and improved the displaced families’ livelihood. Planning must include all stakeholders who are the community, the government, Civil Society like the Church, Non-Governmental Organisations working in the community and the Mining Company officials. The 96 interests of the community to be displaced must be considered as a first priority. The paper concludes that Government must adhere to policies that govern mining displacement and resettlement to reduce on loss of livelihood for the displaced. In the first displacement this was not considered as the displaced families were not engaged in any planning meetings and were just informed by the government officials and traditional leadership that they will be displaced and compensated.

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BOOYSEN, RUAN, and CHARLES R. HADDAD. "Revision and molecular phylogeny of the spider genus Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in the Afrotropical Region." Zootaxa 4940, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 1–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4940.1.1.

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The genus Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) is a group of small (1.85–5 mm) ant-like spiders that can be distinguished from other gnaphosids by their piriform gland spigots that are similar in size to the major ampullate gland spigots. According to the World Spider Catalog, there are 105 species of Micaria in the world, of which only three species are known from the African part of the Afrotropical Region, namely M. chrysis (Simon, 1910), M. tersissima Simon, 1910 and M. beaufortia (Tucker, 1923). The objectives of this study were to revise Micaria in the Afrotropical Region, providing new and updated records for each of the species, evaluating the relationships between them using COI barcoding data, and providing information on their biology, mimetic relationships and feeding ecology. These objectives were met by collecting fresh material from the KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Free State provinces in South Africa. Fresh material of M. tersissima and M. chrysis were collected from their type localities, Komaggas and Port Nolloth (Northern Cape Province), respectively, for identification and DNA analyses. COI sequences generated, together with those sourced from Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and GenBank, were aligned using the CulstalW alignment algorithm in the Mega X software, and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using MrBayes for Bayesian Inference (BI) and RaxML for maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. Morphological examination of the collected and voucher material yielded 17 new species for the Afrotropical Region, namely M. basaliducta sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), M. bimaculata sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Mauritania), M. bispicula sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. durbana sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa, Zambia), M. felix sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe), M. gagnoa sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique, Mozambique, Tanzania), M. koingnaas sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), M. lata sp. nov. (♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. laxa sp. nov. (♀, South Africa), M. mediospina sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), M. parvotibialis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Senegal), M. plana sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Ethiopia), M. quadrata sp. nov. (♀, Ethiopia), M. quinquemaculosa sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. rivonosy sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Madagascar), M. sanipass sp. nov. (♂, South Africa) and M. scutellata sp. nov. (♂, South Africa). Furthermore, both sexes of M. beaufortia, as well as the male of M. tersissima, are redescribed. Both sexes of M. chrysis are described for the first time, as this species was only known from a juvenile. Of the previously known species, M. beaufortia (Botswana, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) and M. chrysis (Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania) are widespread in the Afroptropics, while M. tersissima is only known from South Africa. Both the Bayesian inference and the maximum likelihood analysess recovered Micaria (sensu lato) as monophyletic with the inclusion of the subopaca group. The pulicaria species group was recovered as polyphyletic in both the BI and ML analyses. Four Afrotropical species, as well as the M. rossica Thorell, 1875/M. foxi Gertsch, 1933 group, formed a clade sister to M. formicaria (Sundevall, 1831). Eight of the Afrotropical species now have COI barcoding data uploaded to BOLD.

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Oben, T. T., R. Hanna, J. Ngeve, O. J. Alabi, R. A. Naidu, and P. Lava Kumar. "Occurrence of Banana Bunchy Top Disease Caused by the Banana bunchy top virus on Banana and Plantain (Musa sp.) in Cameroon." Plant Disease 93, no. 10 (October 2009): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-10-1076c.

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Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV; genus Babuvirus, family Nanoviridae) is a serious pathogen of banana (AAA genome) and plantain (AAB genome) (Musa sp.). It is transmitted by the banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa) in a persistent manner (1). In recent years, BBTV has emerged as a major constraint to banana and plantain production in several countries of Africa and had been previously confirmed in viz., Burundi, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Malawi, and Rwanda (1) and more recently in Mozambique and Zambia (2) and Angola (3). To assess the potential threat of BBTV in West-Central Africa, we conducted surveys in August and September 2008 in 36 major banana- and plantain-producing regions of Littoral, South, Southwest, and Western Provinces of Cameroon. DNA was extracted from 520 plants and tested by PCR with primers specific for a conserved domain of BBTV DNA-R segment (4). A 240-bp DNA fragment specific to the virus was amplified in 31 samples from 18 plantain and 13 banana plants from Southwest, Western, and Southern Cameroon. Among virus-positive samples, symptoms (upright leaf growth, small leaves with pale chlorotic margins that choked the throat of the plant creating the bunchy appearance at the top) typical of bunchy top disease were observed only in banana (cv. Cavendish Williams) from Muea in the Southwest Province. PCR products obtained from the symptomatic and asymptomatic banana (Cavendish Williams) from Muea and Abang, respectively, were cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and two independent clones from each isolate were sequenced in both directions. Pairwise comparison of these sequences showed 100% sequence homology. A comparison of these sequences (Accession No. F580970) with corresponding sequences in GenBank showed 99% nt sequence identity with a BBTV isolate from Angola (Accession No. EU851977) and 96 to 98% identity with BBTV isolates belonging to the South Pacific group (Australia, Africa, South Asia, and South Pacific). However, the BBTV isolate from Cameroon showed 85 to 90% sequence identity with isolates belonging to the Asian group (China, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and Vietnam). To further confirm the virus identity, complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA-SCP segment that encodes for the virus coat protein was determined using PCR amplification of viral DNA (1), cloning of products into pCR2.1 vector, and sequencing. The derived sequence (1,075 nt; Accession No. GQ249344) in BLAST search at NCBI database revealed 98% nt sequence identity with coat protein gene of BBTV isolate from Burundi (Accession No. AF148943). These results, together with phylogenetic analysis, indicate that BBTV isolates from Cameroon have greater affinity to the South Pacific group. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BBTV in West-Central Africa. The occurrence of BBTV in the Western and Southern provinces of Cameroon, neighboring north of Gabon, suggests a possible spread of the virus from Gabon. This report also underscores the need to monitor other countries of West Africa for BBTV and enforce quarantine measures to prevent further spread through infected suckers from endemic areas of West and Central Africa. References: (1) I. Amin et al. Virus Genes 36:191, 2008. (2) W. T. Gondwe et al. InfoMusa 16:38, 2007. (3) P. L. Kumar et al. Plant Pathol. 58:402, 2009. (4) S. Mansoor et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 30:167, 2005.

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Babaniyi, OlusegunA, Elizabeth Chizema, Messeret Eshetu-Shibeshi, Costantine Malama, Freddie Masaninga, MazyangaL Mazaba-Liwewe, Mwaka Monze, et al. "Risk assessment for yellow fever in western and North-Western provinces of Zambia." Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 7, no. 1 (2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-777x.150884.

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Masaninga, Freddie, Mbanga Muleba, Hieronymo Masendu, Peter Songolo, Idah Mweene-Ndumba, Mazyanga Lucy Mazaba-Liwewe, Mulakwa Kamuliwo, Birkinesh Ameneshewa, Seter Siziya, and Olusegun Ayorinde Babaniyi. "Distribution of yellow fever vectors in Northwestern and Western Provinces, Zambia." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 7 (September 2014): S88—S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60210-8.

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Shimaponda-Mataa, Nzooma M., Enala Tembo-Mwase, Michael Gebreslasie, and Samson Mukaratirwa. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices in the control and prevention of malaria in four endemic provinces of Zambia." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v32i1.67.

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This study sought to determine malaria knowledge levels, attitudes and practices of the communities in four malaria endemic provinces of Zambia. A cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on malaria transmission, prevention and control was conducted among 584 household heads of randomly selected communities in Luapula, Lusaka, north-western and western provinces in Zambia. Data analysis was performed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Knowledge levels in malaria with regards to the mosquito being the vector and the capacity of malaria to kill were high in all the provinces and did not vary statistically. The two main sources of malaria information by weighted analysis were health facility and community health workers (CHWs). From the regression analysis, pain killer use was associated with high incomes, employment, secondary education, or higher, and the knowledge of fever as a sign for malaria. Additionally, the source of malaria information was related to education levels. There is a need to enhance information through available channels such as health facilities and CHWs and tailor them according to general education levels of a community.

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LINDSTRÖM, ANDERS J., MICHAEL CALONJE, DENNIS STEVENSON, CHAD HUSBY, and ALBERTO TAYLOR. "Clarification of Zamia acuminata and a new Zamia species from Coclé Province, Panama." Phytotaxa 98, no. 2 (May 8, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.98.2.1.

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Zamia acuminata has remained an obscure, poorly understood species for over a century due to possibly misinterpreted or erroneous locality data on the unicate sterile type specimen, a very brief protologue description, the misidentification of the plants from El Valle de Antón in Panama as Z. acuminata, and the erroneous determinations of plants of Z. acuminata from Costa Rica as Z. fairchildiana. Recently collected material from San José Province in Costa Rica is here determined to be identical to the single sterile leaf material of the holotype of Zamia acuminata. We consider Z. acuminata to be a Costa Rican endemic species restricted to the western Talamanca mountain range in San José Province, and that the Zamia from El Valle de Antón in Panama, which has previously been referred to as Zamia acuminata, to be a new species, here described as Zamia nana.

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Mweene-Ndumba, I., S. Siziya, M. Monze, ML Mazaba, F. Masaninga, P. Songolo, P. Mwaba, and OA Babaniyi. "Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus specific IgG and IgM antibodies in North-Western and Western provinces of Zambia." African Health Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 9, 2015): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i3.14.

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Asanzi, P., L. Putzel, D. Gumbo, and M. Mupeta. "Rural livelihoods and the Chinese timber trade in Zambia's Western Province." International Forestry Review 16, no. 4 (September 1, 2014): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554814813484095.

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Sikasunge, Chummy S., Isaac K. Phiri, Andrew M. Phiri, Seter Siziya, Pierre Dorny, and Arve L. Willingham. "Prevalence of Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis in the Eastern, Southern and Western provinces of Zambia." Veterinary Journal 176, no. 2 (May 2008): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.030.

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Winikoff, Jason. "Music from Barotseland: Recordings in Zambia’s Western Province—Lozi, Mbunda, Nkoya, Luvale." Ethnomusicology 65, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.65.3.0638.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Western Province (Zambia)'

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