Journal articles: 'Western Province (Zambie)'

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Rush, K. L., J. Barker, R. Ollivier, M. Ferrier, and D. Singini. "Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Zambia’s Western Province." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p1.

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality from stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Case finding in some areas of the country, such as in rural Zambia is especially challenging with limited availability of ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring devices. Moreover, there is very little qualitative research exploring Zambian patients’ experiences living with AF. AIMS: The two-fold purpose of this study was i) to explore the use of a screening tool for detecting AF in Western Province, Zambia and ii) to understand the patient experience of living with AF. SETTING: Mongu and Limulunga Districts in the Western Province of Zambia. METHODS: Mixed methods. Convenience sampling for both quantitative and qualitative arms of the study was used to recruit participants attending public ‘Health Checks.’ Quantitative data were collected by means of an interview-administered survey and qualitative data were obtained through individual interviews. RESULTS: An irregular manual pulse was found in 12.6% (n=33) of Zambians who attended the Health Checks and two participants were confirmed to have AF. Zambians with an irregular pulse had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and were significantly less sedentary than those without pulse irregularities. Two themes emerged from the interview with two patients diagnosed with AF: symptoms and healthcare access. CONCLUSION: Hypertension continues to be a problem in adult Zambians and is an independent risk factor for stroke and, when diagnosed in conjunction with AF, further compounds stroke risk. Access to screening and diagnostic care for AF is essential, especially in currently underserved rural areas. In addition, participants presented with unique risk factors, such as consolidated periods of exercise, that require further research to determine context and seasonal variation so as to improve education and prevention strategies.

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Kalima, Mulele, Kennedy Lishimpi, Jane L. Meza, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Susan C. Msadabwe, Catherine K. Mwaba, Aaron L. Shibemba, et al. "Observed and Expected Incidence of Cervical Cancer in Lusaka and the Southern and Western Provinces of Zambia, 2007 to 2012." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 25, no. 1 (January 2015): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000325.

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ObjectivesCervical cancer is increasing but underestimated in developing countries. We calculated the observed and expected incidence of cervical cancer in Lusaka and Southern and Western provinces of Zambia.Methods/MaterialsData for 2007 to 2012 were obtained for the 3 provinces. Data included age, residence, year of diagnosis, marital status, occupation, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), stage, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Expected incidence in Southern and Western provinces was calculated based on observed incidence for Lusaka province, adjusting for HIV.ResultsCrude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) in Lusaka were 2 to 4 times higher than incidence in the other 2 provinces. Lusaka had a rate of 54.1 per 105and ASR of 82.1 per 105in the age group of 15 to 49 years. The Southern province had a rate of 17.1 per 105and ASR of 25.5 per 105; the Western province had a rate of 12.3 per 105and ASR rate of 17.2 per 105. The observed cervical cancer incidence rates in the Southern and Western provinces were lower than the rate in Lusaka, possibly because of the uncertainty of underreporting/underdiagnosis or actual lower risk for reasons yet unclear. The HIV seroprevalence rates in patients from the 3 provinces were 46% to 93% higher than seroprevalence in the respective general populations.ConclusionsCervical cancer is significantly underestimated in Zambia, and HIV has a significant role in pathogenesis. Future studies should establish methods for case ascertainment and better utilization of hospital- and population-based registries in Zambia and other similar developing countries.

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Mulenga, Rabson M., James P. Legg, Joseph Ndunguru, Douglas W. Miano, Eunice W. Mutitu, Patrick C. Chikoti, and O. J. Alabi. "Survey, Molecular Detection, and Characterization of Geminiviruses Associated with Cassava Mosaic Disease in Zambia." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (July 2016): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1170-re.

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A survey was conducted from April to May 2014 in 214 farmers’ fields located across six major cassava-producing provinces (Western, Northwestern, Northern, Luapula, Lusaka, and Eastern) of Zambia to determine the status of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and the species diversity of associated cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMG). Mean CMD incidence varied across all six provinces but was greatest in Lusaka Province (81%) and least in Northern Province (44%). Mean CMD severity varied slightly between provinces, ranging from 2.78 in Eastern Province to 3.00 in Northwestern Province. Polymerase chain reaction discrimination of 226 survey samples, coupled with complete DNA-A genome sequence analysis, revealed the presence of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), and East African cassava mosaic Malawi virus (EACMMV) as single or mixed infections of different proportions. Single-virus infections were predominant, occurring in 62.8% (ACMV), 5.8% (EACMMV), and 2.2% (EACMV) of samples relative to mixed-virus infections, which occurred in 19.5% (ACMV + EACMMV), 0.4% (ACMV + EACMV), and 0.9% (ACMV + EACMV + EACMMV) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the segregation of virus isolates from Zambia into clades specific to ACMV, EACMV, and EACMMV, further confirming the presence of all three viruses in Zambia. The results point to a greater diversity of CMG across major cassava-growing provinces of Zambia and implicate contaminated cassava cuttings in disease spread.

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Chiza Chikoti, Patrick, Mathias Tembo, James Peter Legg, Rudolph Rufini Shirima, Habibu Mugerwa, and Peter Sseruwagi. "Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Associated with Cassava and the Occurrence of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Zambia." Insects 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110761.

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Bemisia tabaci is an important vector of cassava brown streak viruses and cassava mosaic begomoviruses, the causal agents of cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic disease (CMD), respectively. A study was carried out to determine the genetic variability of B. tabaci associated with cassava and the occurrence of CMD in Zambia in 2013 and 2015. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of only the sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) genetic group in Zambia. The SSA1 population had three population subgroups (SGs): SSA1-SG1, SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3. All three SSA1 population subgroups occurred in Western Province. However, only SSA1-SG3 occurred in Eastern Province, while only SSA1-SG1 occurred in North Western and Luapula Provinces. Adult B. tabaci were most abundant in Western Province in 2013 (11.1/plant) and 2015 (10.8/plant), and least abundant (0.2/plant) in Northern Province in both 2013 and 2015. CMD was prevalent in all seven provinces surveyed, with the highest incidence recorded in Lusaka Province in both 2013 (78%) and 2015 (83.6%), and the lowest in Northern Province in both 2013 (26.6%) and 2015 (29.3%). Although SSA1-SG1 occurred at greater abundances than the other subgroups, there was no direct association demonstrated between whitefly subgroup and incidence of CMD. Establishing which B. tabaci genetic groups and populations are associated with CMD and their distribution in the country is a key factor in guiding the development of CMD control strategies for cassava-dependent households.

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Chambaro, Herman M., Michihito Sasaki, Edgar Simulundu, Isaac Silwamba, Yona Sinkala, Gabriel Gonzalez, David Squarre, et al. "Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia." Viruses 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090963.

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Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants with serious trade and socio-economic implications. Although the disease has been reported in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is currently no information on circulating serotypes and disease distribution in Zambia. Following surveillance for BT in domestic and wild ruminants in Zambia, BT virus (BTV) nucleic acid and antibodies were detected in eight of the 10 provinces of the country. About 40% (87/215) of pooled blood samples from cattle and goats were positive for BTV nucleic acid, while one hartebeest pool (1/43) was positive among wildlife samples. Sequence analysis of segment 2 revealed presence of serotypes 3, 5, 7, 12 and 15, with five nucleotypes (B, E, F, G and J) being identified. Segment 10 phylogeny showed Zambian BTV sequences clustering with Western topotype strains from South Africa, intimating likely transboundary spread of BTV in Southern Africa. Interestingly, two Zambian viruses and one isolate from Israel formed a novel clade, which we designated as Western topotype 4. The high seroprevalence (96.2%) in cattle from Lusaka and Central provinces and co-circulation of multiple serotypes showed that BT is widespread, underscoring the need for prevention and control strategies.

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Siddiqi, Omar K., Muzala Kapina, Ramya Kumar, Albertina Ngomah Moraes, Patrick Kabwe, Mazyanga L. Mazaba, Lottie Hachaambwa, et al. "Konzo outbreak in the Western Province of Zambia." Neurology 94, no. 14 (March 3, 2020): e1495-e1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009017.

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ObjectiveTo identify the etiology of an outbreak of spastic paraparesis among women and children in the Western Province of Zambia suspected to be konzo.MethodsWe conducted an outbreak investigation of individuals from Mongu District, Western Province, Zambia, who previously developed lower extremity weakness. Cases were classified with the World Health Organization definition of konzo. Active case finding was conducted through door-to-door evaluation in affected villages and sensitization at local health clinics. Demographic, medical, and dietary history was used to identify common exposures in all cases. Urine and blood specimens were taken to evaluate for konzo and alternative etiologies.ResultsWe identified 32 cases of konzo exclusively affecting children 6 to 14 years of age and predominantly females >14 years of age. Fourteen of 15 (93%) cases ≥15 years of age were female, 11 (73%) of whom were breastfeeding at the time of symptom onset. Cassava was the most commonly consumed food (median [range] 14 [4–21] times per week), while protein-rich foods were consumed <1 time per week for all cases. Of the 30 patients providing urine specimens, median thiocyanate level was 281 (interquartile range 149–522) μmol/L, and 73% of urine samples had thiocyanate levels >136 μmol/L, the 95th percentile of the US population in 2013 to 2014.ConclusionThis investigation revealed the first documented cases of konzo in Zambia, occurring in poor communities with diets high in cassava and low in protein, consistent with previous descriptions from neighboring countries.

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Cameron, Elisabeth L. "Women=Masks: Initiation Arts in North-Western Province, Zambia." African Arts 31, no. 2 (1998): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337519.

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Phiri, A. M., I. K. Phiri, and J. Monrad. "Prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambian cattle from communal grazing areas." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 1 (March 2006): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005313.

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AbstractTo estimate prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with bovine Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambia, 709 faeces of cattle presented for slaughter from three major cattle rearing areas of Central, Southern and Western provinces were analysed. The prevalence rate of amphistomes was 51.6%. Egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces ranged from 0 to 385 with a mean (± SEM) of 11.96±1.07. The origin of the cattle had a significant influence (P<0.001) on the prevalence rate. Fasciola gigantica infections accounted for 46.7% of the cattle examined. The mean EPG count (± SEM) was 6.3±0.66 with a range of 0 to 223. A total of 34.6% were mixed infections while single Fasciola and amphistome infections represented 12.1% and 17.1%, respectively. Significantly more cattle (63.8%) were infected with either single or both trematode infections (P<0.0001) than not. Mixed trematode infections were highest in the Southern province (80.0%) while the lowest were recorded in Central province (16.3%). A positive correlation (r2=0.0428) was present in mixed infections. In order to minimize losses, epidemiology and cross-resistance of amphistomiasis and fascioliasis should be studied in different ecological regions of Zambia to formulate efficient control programmes.

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Nduna, Mwenya, and Wanga Chakanika. "An Investigation into the Challenges Encountered by the University of Zambia in the Implementation of Extension Education: A Case of North Western Province." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.2.1.435.

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The Extra Mural Studies Department (now known as Extension Studies Section) was established in order to maintain the university links with the community as well as serve as a conduit through which university knowledge and university ways of thought can be transmitted to people in their locality. This research therefore, was an undertaking to identify challenges encountered in the implementation of University Extension Education. It was guided by the following objectives; identify the challenges encountered in the implementation of Extension Education, find out whether or not the University of Zambia Extension Education programs are in tandem with the educational needs of the local society in North Western Province, and assess whether or not the University of Zambia Extension Studies in North Western Province conducted other outreach programs apart from evening classes. In terms the research design, the study employed a case study design as it allowed the researcher to bring out a case and study it in its natural setting. Questionnaire and interview guide were the instruments used to collect data from the respondents comprising 97 students and 1 officer administering the office of the Resident Lecturer. It emerged from the findings that there were many challenges that the University of Zambia encountered in the implementation of extension education, central of all was the lack of qualified part time tutors in addressing the educational needs of the community in which it operated. The study also established that most of the courses offered by the University Extension Studies in North Western Province did not answer to the educational needs of the people in the Province. In view of the findings the study recommended that the University of Zambia should ensure that the provincial office is adequately and appropriately staffed with qualified personnel and also make a deliberate effort to create a policy to involve the local community.

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M Siachoono, Stanford, Obote Shakachite, Alexinah M Muyenga, and Justice Bwalya. "Under Ground Treasure: A Preliminary Inquiry into the Ecology and Distribution of Zambian Truffles." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n2p1.

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Zambian truffles, (believed to belong to the genus Terfezia because of its proximity to the Kalahari truffles), with a native Lozi name as Zoondwe (p) in Western province of Zambia, have been on the diet of many local inhabitants for many years. They are collected or hunted at the end of the rainy season between early April and early July each year. Very little is known of the Zambian truffles scientifically apart from the local ethno mycological knowledge. The present work is a preliminary study carried out to understand their ecology, plant interaction and distribution including the soil pH and the weather conditions.The second revelation was the occurrence of a similar truffle species which the locals call simbulukutu. It is a bitter relative of the actual truffles that the locals eat. Despite the bitterness, the locals eat it, with special preparation, in hard times.

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Babaniyi, OlusegunA, Elizabeth Chizema, Messeret Eshetu-Shibeshi, Costantine Malama, Freddie Masaninga, MazyangaL Mazaba-Liwewe, Mwaka Monze, et al. "Risk assessment for yellow fever in western and North-Western provinces of Zambia." Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 7, no. 1 (2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-777x.150884.

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Capistrant, P. L., M. W. Hitzman, D. Wood, N. M. Kelly, G. Williams, M. Zimba, Y. Kuiper, D. Jack, and H. Stein. "Geology of the Enterprise Hydrothermal Nickel Deposit, North-Western Province, Zambia." Economic Geology 110, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.1.9.

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Stromgaard, Peter. "A subsistence society under pressure: the Bemba of northern Zambia." Africa 55, no. 1 (January 1985): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159838.

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Opening ParagraphThe research upon which this article is based was carried out over a period of four months in the Northern and Luapula Provinces of Zambia. Before that, I spent two years working in the area as an agricultural officer. One of the villages described in the article is situated on the western shore of Lake Bangweulu, the other 20 km south of Kasama, the major city of Northern Province, the homeland of the Bemba (Fig. 1). The area is almost exclusively devoted to chitemene shifting cultivation, an agricultural system where crops are grown in the ash from burning the collected, stacked branches that have been lopped and chopped from an pressure, vegetation is now chopped before it is fully regenerated, and the system seems to be starting to break down. A major task during my field stay was to describe the ecological (Stromgaard, 1984a) and economic (Stromgaard, 1984b) aspects of this change, but it soon became apparent that subsistence activity and social structure deeply influenced the village's economic activities.

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Mfune, Ruth Lindizyani, Melai Mubanga, Isaac Silwamba, Frederick Sagamiko, Steward Mudenda, Victor Daka, Jacques Godfroid, Bernard M. Hangombe, and John B. Muma. "Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Zambia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041436.

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Brucellosis is an infectious zoonosis that has huge economic and public health implications globally. The disease is prevalent in humans, livestock and wildlife in Sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 6 May 2017 and 31 July 2020 during which 1712 sera from 175 cattle herds in five districts from Southern, Western and Eastern Provinces of Zambia were collected and screened against brucellosis. The Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and competitive Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay (c-ELISA) were used in serial testing for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species. A total of 127 animals from 37 herds tested positive, giving overall individual animal and herd-level seroprevalences of 7.53% (95% CI: 6.28–8.78%) and 21.14% (95% CI: 15.0–27.2%), respectively. Namwala district had the highest herd seroprevalence (33.9%, 95% CI: 21.6–46.1%), while Lundazi did not record any seropositivity. Comparably, Southern Province had the highest individual animal (8.97%, 95% CI: 7–11%) and herd-level (28.5%, 95% CI: 20.3–36.7%) seroprevalences, although this was not statistically significant. Within Southern Province, higher seropositivity was observed in Namwala district (OR: 8.55; CI: 2.66–27.44), among female animals (OR: 2.48; CI: 1.38–4.46) and in those aged 11 years and above (OR: 2.67; CI: 1.34–5.34) as well as in gravid cows (OR: 4.34; CI: 2.08–8.92). Seropositivity was also observed among some animals with hygromas (OR: 6.5; CI: 0.45–94.08) and those with a history of abortion (OR: 1.13; CI: 0.18–7.28) although the findings were not statistically significant. Brucella seroprevalence among traditional cattle in Zambia remains high. Control programs against bovine brucellosis must be introduced to reduce its impact on human health and animal production.

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Masaninga, Freddie, Mbanga Muleba, Hieronymo Masendu, Peter Songolo, Idah Mweene-Ndumba, Mazyanga Lucy Mazaba-Liwewe, Mulakwa Kamuliwo, Birkinesh Ameneshewa, Seter Siziya, and Olusegun Ayorinde Babaniyi. "Distribution of yellow fever vectors in Northwestern and Western Provinces, Zambia." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 7 (September 2014): S88—S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60210-8.

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Shimaponda-Mataa, Nzooma M., Enala Tembo-Mwase, Michael Gebreslasie, and Samson Mukaratirwa. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices in the control and prevention of malaria in four endemic provinces of Zambia." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v32i1.67.

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This study sought to determine malaria knowledge levels, attitudes and practices of the communities in four malaria endemic provinces of Zambia. A cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on malaria transmission, prevention and control was conducted among 584 household heads of randomly selected communities in Luapula, Lusaka, north-western and western provinces in Zambia. Data analysis was performed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Knowledge levels in malaria with regards to the mosquito being the vector and the capacity of malaria to kill were high in all the provinces and did not vary statistically. The two main sources of malaria information by weighted analysis were health facility and community health workers (CHWs). From the regression analysis, pain killer use was associated with high incomes, employment, secondary education, or higher, and the knowledge of fever as a sign for malaria. Additionally, the source of malaria information was related to education levels. There is a need to enhance information through available channels such as health facilities and CHWs and tailor them according to general education levels of a community.

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Banda, Fredrick, King Shimumbo Nalubamba, John Bwalya Muma, Musso Munyeme, and Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu. "A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Cystic Hydatidosis in Slaughtered Cattle of Western Province in Zambia." ISRN Parasitology 2013 (October 24, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/468163.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2007 to November 2008 to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered cattle from two abattoirs in Mongu, Western Province, Zambia, using prospective and retrospective data. Out of the 4061 cattle examined during postmortem inspection, 84 (2.1%) were positive for hydatidosis. No cases were detected from Kaoma and Shangombo districts; however, prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 2.5% in districts where it was present. Sex was found to be positively associated with hydatidosis (P=0.035) with female cattle being more likely to have hydatidosis (OR=1.62). In the retrospective study (1994 to 2007), annual prevalence of hydatidosis ranged from 1.56% (n = 12,641) in 2006 to 4.7% (n=2633) in 2001 with an overall prevalence of 3% (4689/158,456). This value is comparable to that observed in cattle slaughtered between October 2007 and November 2008 (2.1%). Hydatidosis was observed in the lungs (51.2%), liver (47.6%), and kidneys (1.2%). The percentage of viable cysts was 43.7%. This study confirms the presence of hydatidosis in cattle in Western Province of Zambia and estimates economic losses due to organ condemnations. Data presented herein provides a useful baseline for developing policy and intervention measures.

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Hansen, M. C., R. S. DeFries, J. R. G. Townshend, L. Marufu, and R. Sohlberg. "Development of a MODIS tree cover validation data set for Western Province, Zambia." Remote Sensing of Environment 83, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 320–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(02)00080-9.

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Wolski, P. "Remote sensing, land use and hydrotopes in Western Province, Zambia. Elements of a groundwater study." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 23, no. 4 (January 1998): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-1946(98)00058-5.

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Mweene-Ndumba, I., S. Siziya, M. Monze, ML Mazaba, F. Masaninga, P. Songolo, P. Mwaba, and OA Babaniyi. "Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus specific IgG and IgM antibodies in North-Western and Western provinces of Zambia." African Health Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 9, 2015): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i3.14.

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Brooks, Elizabeth E. "The care of AIDS patients in rural Zambia: a case study in the North Western Province." International Social Work 39, no. 3 (July 1996): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289603900304.

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Koster-Oyekan, Winny. "Why resort to illegal abortion in Zambia? Findings of a community-based study in Western Province." Social Science & Medicine 46, no. 10 (March 1998): 1303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)10058-2.

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Sikasunge, Chummy S., Isaac K. Phiri, Andrew M. Phiri, Seter Siziya, Pierre Dorny, and Arve L. Willingham. "Prevalence of Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis in the Eastern, Southern and Western provinces of Zambia." Veterinary Journal 176, no. 2 (May 2008): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.030.

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Gibson, R. W., G. C. Kaitisha, J. M. Randrianaivoarivony, and H. J. Vetten. "Identification of the East African Strain of Sweet Potato Chlorotic Stunt Virus as a Major Component of Sweet Potato Virus Disease in Southern Africa." Plant Disease 82, no. 9 (September 1998): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.9.1063c.

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Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) is the most damaging disease of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. in Africa. It is caused by sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) plus either the West African strain of sweet potato chlorotic stunt crinivirus (Closteroviridae) (SPCSV-WA) (2) or the serologically distinct and apparently more severe East African strain (SPCSV-EA) (1). Typical symptoms of SPVD include severe plant stunting, leaf distortion, chlorosis, mosaic, or vein clearing (1). During a survey done in February 1998 of 48 farmers' fields in Lusaka Province and North Western Province of Zambia, sweet potato plants with typical SPVD symptoms were observed. Incidence was generally 1 to 5% but occasionally >20%. To determine which viruses (SPFMV, SPCSV-EA, SPCSV-WA) were present in symptomatic plants, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were done on leaf sap extracts. Twenty-two SPVD-affected plants from Lusaka Province and 15 from North Western Province were tested and SPFMV and SPCSV-EA (but not SPCSV-WA) were detected in all samples. SPCSV-EA by itself may cause purpling or yellowing of lower or middle leaves (1). Eight plants showing these symptoms were collected from North Western Province, and SPCSV-EA only was detected in six of the samples. SPVD was also observed in a 1997 survey of crops near Antsirable, Madagascar; incidence was generally <1% but occasionally >20%; SPFMV and SPCSV-EA, but not SPCSV-WA, were detected in two SPVD samples tested. Our results are the first report of SPCSV in southern Africa. SPVD in the regions surveyed appears to be due to SPFMV and SPCSV-EA; SPCSV-WA was not detected. References: (1) R. W. Gibson et al. Plant Pathol. 47:95, 1998. (2) G. A. Schaefers and E. R. Terry. Phytopathology 66:642, 1976.

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Sitali-Mubanga, Georgina Nandila. "Some Effects of English Loanword Adaptation into SiLozi." International Journal of Education 10, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v10i4.13422.

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This study under linguistics, sought to examine the Morphophonological effects of the English loanword adaptation into SiLozi a lingua franca of the Western province of Zambia which is a media of instruction in grades one to three for systematisation. Like many African languages, SiLozi does not have the potential to give equivalents to words of English origin unless through borrowing. Schools being the pivot of development, there was an inconsistency in the same education system concerning the adaptation of English loanwords. The study was carried out in selected primary schools of Mongu district in Zambia. The data were collected with the use of voice recorders during on-going lessons for grades one to three in Creative and Technology Studies, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies and in SiLozi subjects in order to capture all English loanwords used in the SiLozi medium of instruction. The main results revealed that feature changing, deletion, insertion and metathesis phonological rules were applied on the English terms in order to nativise them.

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LINDSTRÖM, ANDERS J., MICHAEL CALONJE, DENNIS STEVENSON, CHAD HUSBY, and ALBERTO TAYLOR. "Clarification of Zamia acuminata and a new Zamia species from Coclé Province, Panama." Phytotaxa 98, no. 2 (May 8, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.98.2.1.

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Zamia acuminata has remained an obscure, poorly understood species for over a century due to possibly misinterpreted or erroneous locality data on the unicate sterile type specimen, a very brief protologue description, the misidentification of the plants from El Valle de Antón in Panama as Z. acuminata, and the erroneous determinations of plants of Z. acuminata from Costa Rica as Z. fairchildiana. Recently collected material from San José Province in Costa Rica is here determined to be identical to the single sterile leaf material of the holotype of Zamia acuminata. We consider Z. acuminata to be a Costa Rican endemic species restricted to the western Talamanca mountain range in San José Province, and that the Zamia from El Valle de Antón in Panama, which has previously been referred to as Zamia acuminata, to be a new species, here described as Zamia nana.

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Willemse, L. P. M. "A trial of odour baited targets to control the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in west Zambia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, no. 3 (September 1991): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300033630.

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AbstractTargets of black cloth with or without flanking netting panels (ca. 1 m tall × 1.7 m) baited with acetone (130 mg/h) and 1-octen-3-ol (0.5 mg/h), coated with deltamethrin suspension concentrate and deployed at 4/km2, produced a decline of 3% per day in the apparent density of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans centralis Machado in 500 km2 of the Western Province of Zambia. Flies were eradicated in a year as evidenced by the absence of catches from flyrounds and traps and the elimination of the transmission of trypanosomiasis. The promise of the target technique is confirmed but the need for its further development is emphasized.

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Wastika, Christida E., Hayato Harima, Michihito Sasaki, Bernard M. Hang’ombe, Yuki Eshita, Yongjin Qiu, William W. Hall, Michael T. Wolfinger, Hirofumi Sawa, and Yasuko Orba. "Discoveries of Exoribonuclease-Resistant Structures of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses Isolated in Zambia." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091017.

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To monitor the arthropod-borne virus transmission in mosquitoes, we have attempted both to detect and isolate viruses from 3304 wild-caught female mosquitoes in the Livingstone (Southern Province) and Mongu (Western Province) regions in Zambia in 2017. A pan-flavivirus RT-PCR assay was performed to identify flavivirus genomes in total RNA extracted from mosquito lysates, followed by virus isolation and full genome sequence analysis using next-generation sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We isolated a newly identified Barkedji virus (BJV Zambia) (10,899 nt) and a novel flavivirus, tentatively termed Barkedji-like virus (BJLV) (10,885 nt) from Culex spp. mosquitoes which shared 96% and 75% nucleotide identity with BJV which has been isolated in Israel, respectively. These viruses could replicate in C6/36 cells but not in mammalian and avian cell lines. In parallel, a comparative genomics screening was conducted to study evolutionary traits of the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of isolated viruses. Bioinformatic analyses of the secondary structures in the UTRs of both viruses revealed that the 5′-UTRs exhibit canonical stem-loop structures, while the 3′-UTRs contain structural homologs to exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs), SL-III, dumbbell, and terminal stem-loop (3′SL) structures. The function of predicted xrRNA structures to stop RNA degradation by Xrn1 exoribonuclease was further proved by the in vitro Xrn1 resistance assay.

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Singh, Indra S., and Christopher Nyau. "Quantification of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Edible Wild-Mushrooms in Copperbelt and Western Provinces of Zambia." Journal of Environmental Protection 11, no. 01 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2020.111001.

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BARTSCH, DANIEL, and SZABOLCS SÁFIÁN. "Further information on Lolibaia Gorbunov & Gurko, 2017 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Synanthedonini) with description of three new species from tropical Africa." Zootaxa 4559, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4559.2.7.

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The knowledge of the clearwing moth genus Lolibaia Gorbunov & Gurko, 2017, recently described from South Sudan and until now known only from a single, damaged specimen, is extended by three new species from different parts of Africa including the as yet unknown female of the genus. L. jurateae sp. nov. is based on a single male from Kakamega Forest, Kenya; L. triangularis sp. nov. is based on six males from different localities in north-western Zambia, and L. polythyris sp. nov. is described from two females from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces, South Africa.

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Sá, Ana C. L., José M. C. Pereira, and João M. N. Silva. "Estimation of combustion completeness based on fire‐induced spectral reflectance changes in a dambo grassland (Western Province, Zambia)." International Journal of Remote Sensing 26, no. 19 (October 10, 2005): 4185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160500113468.

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Bailey, Sarah Lou, Helen Ayles, Nulda Beyers, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Monde Muyoyeta, Elizabeth du Toit, John S. Yudkin, and Sian Floyd. "Diabetes mellitus in Zambia and the Western Cape province of South Africa: Prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and management." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 118 (August 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.05.001.

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Velu, Rachel Milomba, Geoffrey Kwenda, Liyali Libonda, Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga, Bumbangi Nsoni Flavien, Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama, Michelo Simunyandi, et al. "Mosquito-Borne Viral Pathogens Detected in Zambia: A Systematic Review." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081007.

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Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases are a threat to global health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the available evidence of mosquito-borne viral pathogens reported in Zambia. A search of literature was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published from 1 January 1930 to 30 June 2020 using a combination of keywords. Eight mosquito-borne viruses belonging to three families, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae and Phenuiviridae were reported. Three viruses (Chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus, Mwinilunga virus) were reported among the togaviruses whilst four (dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus) were among the flavivirus and only one virus, Rift Valley fever virus, was reported in the Phenuiviridae family. The majority of these mosquito-borne viruses were reported in Western and North-Western provinces. Aedes and Culex species were the main mosquito-borne viral vectors reported. Farming, fishing, movement of people and rain patterns were among factors associated with mosquito-borne viral infection in Zambia. Better diagnostic methods, such as the use of molecular tools, to detect the viruses in potential vectors, humans, and animals, including the recognition of arboviral risk zones and how the viruses circulate, are important for improved surveillance and design of effective prevention and control measures.

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Kazungu, Moses, Eliza Zhunusova, Gillian Kabwe, and Sven Günter. "Household-Level Determinants of Participation in Forest Support Programmes in the Miombo Landscapes, Zambia." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052713.

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The need to protect forest resources from unsustainable, yet rational, human actions has attracted global attention. This is because smallholder dependence on forests can degrade forest resources and cause deforestation. While efforts to understand forest programmes and motivations to protect forests have increased in recent decades, there remains a limited understanding of household factors affecting participation in forest support programmes, especially in the context of high-pressure areas, such as the Miombo woodlands. This study was conducted in the North-Western, Copperbelt and Eastern Province of Zambia. In each province, we selected landscapes consisting of protected and non-protected forest areas. We administered structured interviews to 1123 households and used logistic regression to estimate determinants of participation. We found that better education, landholding size, increased share of forest income, cash crops and non-farm income, and access to forests and markets have a negative impact on participation in forest support programmes. Being located in landscapes with protected areas was positively associated with participation. We suggest that, in order to increase participation, forest programmes should focus on households with low levels of education, limited livelihood opportunities, and poor access to markets. Besides, programmes should provide incentives, including support for farm inputs and at the same time encourage reforestation and agroforestry methods.

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Kalinda, Chester, Ziyaye Moses, Chama Lackson, Lwali Chisala, Zulu Donald, Phiri Darius, and Chisha-Kasumu Exildah. "Economic Impact and Challenges of Jatropha curcas L. Projects in North-Western Province, Zambia: A Case of Solwezi District." Sustainability 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2015): 9907–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7089907.

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Wang, Xu, Wenqing Qin, Fen Jiao, Congren Yang, Yanfang Cui, Wei Li, Zhengquan Zhang, and Hao Song. "Mineralogy and Pretreatment of a Refractory Gold Deposit in Zambia." Minerals 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070406.

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The technological mineralogy of a gold deposit located in North-Western province of Zambia was carried out by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that gold was highly dispersed in gold-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and some gangues in the form of natural gold and electrum. The gold grade in the mineral was 15.96 g/t and the particle size distribution of gold was extremely uneven. Most of the gold particles were less than 10 μm and wrapped with gold-bearing minerals, making it difficult to achieve liberation during grinding. According to the characteristics of the refractory gold deposit, the gravity–flotation combined beneficiation process was used to recover the liberated coarse gold and the fine gold in the sulphides. The closed-circuit experiments obtained excellent indicators. The grade and recovery of gold in the gravity separation concentrates reached 91.24 g/t and 57.58%, respectively. The grade and recovery of gold in the flotation concentrates were 49.44 g/t and 33.36%, respectively. The total recovery of gold was 90.94%. The gravity–flotation combined beneficiation pretreatment process provided a feasible method for the refractory gold ore and ensured the effective recovery of gold.

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Williams, P. R., and B. W. Nisbet. "Structural framework of the Lufilian Fold Belt in the Domes region of North Western Province, Zambia from interpretation of geophysical data." Journal of African Earth Sciences 129 (May 2017): 542–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.01.029.

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Chinsembu, K. C. "Ethnobotanical study of medicinal flora utilised by traditional healers in the management of sexually transmitted infections in Sesheke District, Western Province, Zambia." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 26, no. 2 (March 2016): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.030.

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Lahme, Anne Mutunda, Ruth Stern, and Diane Cooper. "Factors impacting on menstrual hygiene and their implications for health promotion." Global Health Promotion 25, no. 1 (July 5, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916648301.

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Background: In the lives of women, puberty is marked by the onset of menarche. From this stage onwards until menopause, reproductive health and menstrual hygiene are important aspects of women’s lives. In Zambia’s Western Province, the natural process of menstruation is a taboo and dealt with secretly. Information and knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls is inadequate. This paper explores the factors influencing the understanding, experiences and practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Mongu District, Western Province of Zambia. Methods: An explorative study design was used by means of six focus group discussions conducted with 51 respondents, aged 13–20 years, from three secondary schools. Their age at menarche was 11–15. For data analysis thematic content analysis was used. Results: The paper shows that the girls suffer from poor menstrual hygiene, originating from lack of knowledge, culture and tradition, and socio-economic and environmental constraints, leading to inconveniences, humiliation and stress. This leads to reduced school attendance and poor academic performance, or even drop outs, and ultimately infringes upon the girls’ human rights. Conclusion: To address these shortcomings, a ‘super setting approach’ is recommended, in which a Health Promoting School could improve the girls’ individual and group needs, and a community setting which would address the broader socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. This would enable creating a supportive environment for the girls to manage their periods. To successfully utilize the approach, all stakeholders (parents, teachers, children, governments and communities) should cooperate to generate context-specific solutions for creating safe menstrual care, and better and dignified conditions for adolescent girls. Therefore, this calls for comprehensive, strident advocacy for policy changes at national level, and mediation and involvement at community level.

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Oben, T. T., R. Hanna, J. Ngeve, O. J. Alabi, R. A. Naidu, and P. Lava Kumar. "Occurrence of Banana Bunchy Top Disease Caused by the Banana bunchy top virus on Banana and Plantain (Musa sp.) in Cameroon." Plant Disease 93, no. 10 (October 2009): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-10-1076c.

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Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV; genus Babuvirus, family Nanoviridae) is a serious pathogen of banana (AAA genome) and plantain (AAB genome) (Musa sp.). It is transmitted by the banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa) in a persistent manner (1). In recent years, BBTV has emerged as a major constraint to banana and plantain production in several countries of Africa and had been previously confirmed in viz., Burundi, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Malawi, and Rwanda (1) and more recently in Mozambique and Zambia (2) and Angola (3). To assess the potential threat of BBTV in West-Central Africa, we conducted surveys in August and September 2008 in 36 major banana- and plantain-producing regions of Littoral, South, Southwest, and Western Provinces of Cameroon. DNA was extracted from 520 plants and tested by PCR with primers specific for a conserved domain of BBTV DNA-R segment (4). A 240-bp DNA fragment specific to the virus was amplified in 31 samples from 18 plantain and 13 banana plants from Southwest, Western, and Southern Cameroon. Among virus-positive samples, symptoms (upright leaf growth, small leaves with pale chlorotic margins that choked the throat of the plant creating the bunchy appearance at the top) typical of bunchy top disease were observed only in banana (cv. Cavendish Williams) from Muea in the Southwest Province. PCR products obtained from the symptomatic and asymptomatic banana (Cavendish Williams) from Muea and Abang, respectively, were cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and two independent clones from each isolate were sequenced in both directions. Pairwise comparison of these sequences showed 100% sequence homology. A comparison of these sequences (Accession No. F580970) with corresponding sequences in GenBank showed 99% nt sequence identity with a BBTV isolate from Angola (Accession No. EU851977) and 96 to 98% identity with BBTV isolates belonging to the South Pacific group (Australia, Africa, South Asia, and South Pacific). However, the BBTV isolate from Cameroon showed 85 to 90% sequence identity with isolates belonging to the Asian group (China, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and Vietnam). To further confirm the virus identity, complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA-SCP segment that encodes for the virus coat protein was determined using PCR amplification of viral DNA (1), cloning of products into pCR2.1 vector, and sequencing. The derived sequence (1,075 nt; Accession No. GQ249344) in BLAST search at NCBI database revealed 98% nt sequence identity with coat protein gene of BBTV isolate from Burundi (Accession No. AF148943). These results, together with phylogenetic analysis, indicate that BBTV isolates from Cameroon have greater affinity to the South Pacific group. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BBTV in West-Central Africa. The occurrence of BBTV in the Western and Southern provinces of Cameroon, neighboring north of Gabon, suggests a possible spread of the virus from Gabon. This report also underscores the need to monitor other countries of West Africa for BBTV and enforce quarantine measures to prevent further spread through infected suckers from endemic areas of West and Central Africa. References: (1) I. Amin et al. Virus Genes 36:191, 2008. (2) W. T. Gondwe et al. InfoMusa 16:38, 2007. (3) P. L. Kumar et al. Plant Pathol. 58:402, 2009. (4) S. Mansoor et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 30:167, 2005.

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BOOYSEN, RUAN, and CHARLES R. HADDAD. "Revision and molecular phylogeny of the spider genus Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) in the Afrotropical Region." Zootaxa 4940, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 1–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4940.1.1.

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The genus Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) is a group of small (1.85–5 mm) ant-like spiders that can be distinguished from other gnaphosids by their piriform gland spigots that are similar in size to the major ampullate gland spigots. According to the World Spider Catalog, there are 105 species of Micaria in the world, of which only three species are known from the African part of the Afrotropical Region, namely M. chrysis (Simon, 1910), M. tersissima Simon, 1910 and M. beaufortia (Tucker, 1923). The objectives of this study were to revise Micaria in the Afrotropical Region, providing new and updated records for each of the species, evaluating the relationships between them using COI barcoding data, and providing information on their biology, mimetic relationships and feeding ecology. These objectives were met by collecting fresh material from the KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape, Northern Cape and Free State provinces in South Africa. Fresh material of M. tersissima and M. chrysis were collected from their type localities, Komaggas and Port Nolloth (Northern Cape Province), respectively, for identification and DNA analyses. COI sequences generated, together with those sourced from Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and GenBank, were aligned using the CulstalW alignment algorithm in the Mega X software, and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using MrBayes for Bayesian Inference (BI) and RaxML for maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. Morphological examination of the collected and voucher material yielded 17 new species for the Afrotropical Region, namely M. basaliducta sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), M. bimaculata sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Mauritania), M. bispicula sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. durbana sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa, Zambia), M. felix sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe), M. gagnoa sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Côte d’Ivoire, Mozambique, Mozambique, Tanzania), M. koingnaas sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), M. lata sp. nov. (♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. laxa sp. nov. (♀, South Africa), M. mediospina sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), M. parvotibialis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Senegal), M. plana sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Ethiopia), M. quadrata sp. nov. (♀, Ethiopia), M. quinquemaculosa sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Namibia, South Africa), M. rivonosy sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Madagascar), M. sanipass sp. nov. (♂, South Africa) and M. scutellata sp. nov. (♂, South Africa). Furthermore, both sexes of M. beaufortia, as well as the male of M. tersissima, are redescribed. Both sexes of M. chrysis are described for the first time, as this species was only known from a juvenile. Of the previously known species, M. beaufortia (Botswana, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) and M. chrysis (Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania) are widespread in the Afroptropics, while M. tersissima is only known from South Africa. Both the Bayesian inference and the maximum likelihood analysess recovered Micaria (sensu lato) as monophyletic with the inclusion of the subopaca group. The pulicaria species group was recovered as polyphyletic in both the BI and ML analyses. Four Afrotropical species, as well as the M. rossica Thorell, 1875/M. foxi Gertsch, 1933 group, formed a clade sister to M. formicaria (Sundevall, 1831). Eight of the Afrotropical species now have COI barcoding data uploaded to BOLD.

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Kooma, Emmanuel H., Jelita Chinyonga, RoseChityaba Banda, RoseMbita Nondo, Leornard Sakalunda, Trihest Muchaya, and Hambuliino Chiiya. "Assessment of Core Capacities for the Implementation of International Health Regulations (2005) at selected Points of Entry (POEs). A case for Southern, Western and Lusaka Provinces of Zambia." International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 7 (July 31, 2016): 1393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/980.

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Montalvo-Fernández, Grecia, Lorenzo Felipe Sánchez-Teyer, Germán Carnevali, Andrew P. Vovides, Ricardo Gaytán-Legaria, Matilde Margarita Ortíz -García, Jaime Alejandro Muñoz-López, and Jaime Martínez Castillo. "Impact of Late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic fluctuations on the phylogeographic structure and historical demographics of Zamia prasina (Cycadales: Zamiaceae)." Botanical Sciences 97, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 588–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2195.

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Background: Glacial periods during the Pleistocene have been hypothesized to have greatly influenced geographical patterns of genetic structure and demography of many tropical species. The Glacial Refugium Hypothesis proposes that, during cold, dry glacial periods, populations of moisture-affinities tropical species were restricted to sheltered, humid areas and that, during warmer and more humid interglacial periods, these populations expanded. Some mountain regions in the tropics acted as refugia during the cold, dry periods of the Pleistocene for several temperate forest taxa, which recolonized the humid areas farther north during the interglacial periods.Questions: (1) Did Late Pleistocene-Holocene climate changes affect the historical demophraphy of Zamia prasina? (2) Does the historical distribution of Zamia prasina agree with the Glacial Refugium Hypothesis?Study species: Zamia prasina W.Bull. (Zamiaceae), the only cycad native to the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). Methods: Five individuals were collected in 23 populations and characterized using two DNA regions: plastid atpF-atpH, and nuclear ITS2. Genetic diversity, phylogeographic structure, historical demography, and potential distributions were assessed. Results: Our results showed moderately high genetic diversity and low, but significant, phylogeographic structure. Two genetic groups were identified, one in the eastern part of the Peninsula, the other in the western. The changes in historical demography suggest that Z. prasina experienced a population expansion following the warm conditions of the Holocene.Conclusions: The population dynamics of Zamia prasina are in accordance with the Glacial Refugium Hypothesis.

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Sserwanja, Quraish, Milton W. Musaba, Linet M. Mutisya, Emmanuel Olal, and David Mukunya. "Continuum of maternity care in Zambia: a national representative survey." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 21, no. 1 (September 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04080-1.

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Abstract Background Globally, over half of maternal deaths are related to pregnancy-related complications. Provision of a continuum of care during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period results in reduced maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hence this study determined the prevalence of the continuum of care and its determinants among women in Zambia. Methods We used weighted data from the Zambian Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) of 2018 for 7325 women aged 15 to 49 years. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants. Complete continuum of care was considered when a woman had; at least four antenatal care (ANC) contacts, utilized a health facility for childbirth and had at least one postnatal check-up within six weeks. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to explore continuum of care in Zambia. All our analyses were done using SPSS version 25. Results Of the 7,325 women, 38.0% (2787/7325) (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.9-39.1) had complete continuum of maternal healthcare. Women who had attained tertiary level of education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.93, 95% CI: 1.09-3.42) and whose partners had also attained tertiary level of education (AOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.54-4.32) were more likely to utilize the whole continuum of care compared to those who had no education. Women who initiated ANC after the first trimester (AOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.39-0.53) were less likely to utilize the whole continuum of care compared to those who initiated in the first semester. Women with exposure to radio (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27-1.96) were more likely to utilize the whole continuum of care compared to those who were not exposed to radio. Women residing in the Western province were less likely to utilize the entire continuum of care compared to those in the other nine provinces. Conclusion Level of education of the women and of their partners, early timing of ANC initiation, residing in other provinces other than the Western province, and exposure to information through radio were positively associated with utilization of the entire continuum of care. Improving literacy levels and promoting maternity services through radio may improve the level of utilization of maternity services.

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Jain, Niraj, Roy Chileshe, Francis Muwowo, and Majory Lupiya. "Perceptions of Customary Land Tenure Security in Western Province of Zambia." International Journal of Social Science Studies 4, no. 2 (January 20, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v4i2.1264.

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Thoromo, Jonas, Edgar Simulundu, Herman M. Chambaro, Liywalii Mataa, Caesar H. Lubaba, Girja S. Pandey, Ayato Takada, Gerald Misinzo, and Aaron S. Mweene. "Diagnosis and genotyping of African swine fever viruses from 2015 outbreaks in Zambia." Onderstepoort J Vet Res 83, no. 1 (March 9, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1095.

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In early 2015, a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs resembling African swine fever (ASF) occurred in North Western, Copperbelt, and Lusaka provinces of Zambia. Molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction targeting specific amplification of p72 (B646L) gene of ASF virus (ASFV) was conducted. Fourteen out of 16 domestic pigs from the affected provinces were found to be positive for ASFV. Phylogenetic analyses based on part of the p72 and the complete p54 (E183L) genes revealed that all the ASFVs detected belonged to genotypes I and Id, respectively. Additionally, epidemiological data suggest that the same ASFV spread from Lusaka to other provinces possibly through uncontrolled and/or illegal pig movements. Although the origin of the ASFV that caused outbreaks in domestic pigs in Zambia could not be ascertained, it appears likely that the virus may have emerged from within the country or region, probably from a sylvatic cycle. It is recommended that surveillance of ASF, strict biosecurity, and quarantine measures be imposed in order to prevent further spread and emergence of new ASF outbreaks in Zambia.Keywords: African swine fever; Asfarviridae; Molecular epidemiology; Zambia

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Sitali, Lungowe, Mulenga C. Mwenda, John M. Miller, Daniel J. Bridges, Moonga B. Hawela, Elizabeth Chizema-Kawesha, James Chipeta, and Bernt Lindtjørn. "En-route to the ‘elimination’ of genotypic chloroquine resistance in Western and Southern Zambia, 14 years after chloroquine withdrawal." Malaria Journal 18, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3031-4.

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Abstract Background Anti-malarial resistance is, and continues to be a significant challenge in the fight against malaria and a threat to achieving malaria elimination. In Zambia, chloroquine (CQ), a safe, affordable and well-tolerated drug, was removed from use in 2003 due to high levels of resistance evidenced with treatment failure. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of chloroquine resistance markers in Southern and Western Provinces of Zambia 14 years after the withdrawal of CQ. Methods Data from a cross-sectional, all-age household survey, conducted during the peak malaria transmission season (April–May 2017) was analysed. During the all-age survey, socio-demographic information and coverage of malaria interventions were collected. Consenting individuals were tested for malaria with a rapid diagnostic test and a spot of blood collected on filter paper to create a dried blood spot (DBS). Photo-induced electronic transfer–polymerase chain reaction (PET–PCR) was used to analyse the DBS for the presence of all four malaria species. Plasmodium falciparum positive samples were analysed by high resolution melt (HRM) PCR to detect the presence of genotypic markers of drug resistance in the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and P. falciparum multi-drug resistance (Pfmdr) genes. Results A total of 181 P. falciparum positive samples were examined for pfcrt K76T and MDR N86. Of the 181 samples 155 successfully amplified for Pfcrt and 145 for Pfmdr N86. The overall prevalence of CQ drug-resistant parasites was 1.9% (3/155), with no significant difference between the two provinces. No N86Y/F mutations in the Pfmdr gene were observed in any of the sample. Conclusion This study reveals the return of CQ sensitive parasites in Southern and Western Provinces of Zambia 14 years after its withdrawal. Surveillance of molecular resistant markers for anti-malarials should be included in the Malaria Elimination Programme so that resistance is monitored country wide.

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Payne, Lara, Eleanor Turner-Moss, Mable Mutengo, Akwi W. Asombang, and Paul Kelly. "Prevalence of schistosome antibodies with hepatosplenic signs and symptoms among patients from Kaoma, Western Province, Zambia." BMC Research Notes 6, no. 1 (August 30, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-344.

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Chipoya, Maureen N., and Nzooma M. Shimaponda-Mataa. "Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria cases in North-Western Province, Zambia: a cross-sectional study." Malaria Journal 19, no. 1 (November 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03504-1.

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Abstract Background Imported malaria is a major challenge for countries that are in malaria elimination stage such as Zambia. Legitimate cross-border activities add to the risk of transmission, necessitating determination of prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 consented child and adult patients with clinical malaria symptoms, from selected health facilities in north-western Zambia. Patient demographic data and blood samples for malaria microscopy and full blood count were obtained. Chi-square and penalized logistic regression were performed to describe the characteristics and assess the risk factors of imported and local malaria in North-Western Province. Results Overall, malaria prevalence was 78.6% with 93.8% Plasmodium falciparum and 6.2% other species. The local cases were 72 (88.9%) while the imported were 9 (11.1%) out of the 81 positive participants. About 98.6% of the local cases were P. falciparum compared to 55.6% (χ2 = 52.4; p < 0.01) P. falciparum among the imported cases. Among the imported cases, 44% were species other than P. falciparum (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01) while among the local cases only 1.4% were. Gametocytes were present in 44% of the imported malaria cases and only in 2.8% of the local cases (χ2 = 48; p < 0.01). About 48.6% of local participants had severe anaemia compared to 33.3% of participants from the two neighbouring countries who had (χ2 = 4.9; p = 0.03). In the final model, only country of residence related positively to presence of species other than P. falciparum (OR = 39.0, CI [5.9, 445.9]; p < 0.01) and presence of gametocytes (OR = 23.1, CI [4.2, 161.6]; p < 0.01). Conclusion Malaria prevalence in North-Western Province is high, with P. falciparum as the predominant species although importation of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae is happening as well. Country of residence of patients is a major risk factor for malaria species and gametocyte presence. The need for enhanced malaria control with specific focus on border controls to detect and treat, for specific diagnosis and treatment according to species obtaining, for further research in the role of species and gametocytaemia in imported malaria, cannot be overemphasized.

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Tuchili, LM, JB Muma, T. Fujikura, GS Pandey, MM Musonda, G. Bbalo, and W. Ulaya. "Isolation of Bacillus anthracis from dry cattle meat, skin and soil from the Western Province of Zambia." Journal of Science and Technology (Zambia) 1, no. 2 (January 19, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jost.v1i2.17540.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Western Province (Zambie)'

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