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Taylor, Allison. "THE REDESIGNED VORTECONE: A MAINTENANCE-FREE WET SCRUBBER DEVICE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/48.
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Dust creates health and safety issues in mining and there are several different ways to reduce the amount of respirable dust created. Dust particles also affect the operation and efficiency of mining equipment. One device currently used to reduce dust in a coal mine is a flooded-bed dust scrubber. These type of scrubbers are found on continuous miners and are designed to capture dust particles close to the cutting head. However, the fibrous screens on the flooded-bed dust scrubber clog easily reducing both production and the quality and quantity of air miners are exposed too. The flooded-bed dust scrubber was designed in the 1980s and has not seen any significant changes since. A Vortecone is a wet scrubber system designed to capture small particles in the air and can easily replace the flooded-bed dust scrubber system on a continuous miner. The Vortecone was initially developed to capture over-sprayed paint particles and due to the capture ability was converted over into the mining industry. The first design of the Vortecone had two outlets and a large pressure drop across the system. The Vortecone was redesigned to have one outlet in order to increase confinement time of particles and thus increase the capture abilities. Using CFD analysis and laboratory testing, the redesigned Vortecone has been proven to have a lower resistance than the original design as well as the currently used convention screens. The Vortecone also proved to have a high capture efficiency at high airflows. This maintenance-free wet scrubber device requires much less maintenance than a conventional screen and thus can be used continually without interrupting production. The Vortecone has been designed so it can easily be mounted onto a continuous miner in place of the currently used scrubbers.
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Johansson, Wilhelm. "Modeling of Wet Scrubber with Heat Recovery in Biomass Combustion Plants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95585.
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During combustion of biomass, particulate matter is emitted, which has severe health impacts on humans. The company ITK Envifront has developed a scrubber technology that cleans the flue gas while also recovering the flue gas energy, increasing the efficiency of the combustion plant. In this thesis, a simulation model was built in MATLAB according to the Finite Element Method. Validation of the model against 3 different facilities showed reasonable accuracy with a tendency to overestimate the scrubber heat recovery and a mean prediction deviation of approximately 7 %. The model was then used to make suggestions for process optimization. An increase of funnel height, and number of spray nozzles could increase the scrubbers heat recovery with up to 7 % and 8 %, respectively. Addition of moisture to the flue gas through evaporation of water droplets had the potential to increase scrubber efficiency with 10 %, and usage of the highest setting of the adjustable nozzle bank showed the potential to increase the efficiency with up to 5 % compared to the mid-setting. Furthermore, the process parameters of a scrubber with optimized running conditions, was compared to a scrubber with the current running conditions, through running of the developed model. The optimized running conditions showed an increase in scrubber efficiency with up to 14 %, resulting in an increase in scrubber heat recovery of approx. 90 kW at a boiler load of 3 MW. As a final conclusion, the developed model shows great potential to be used to as a toolbox to further investigate and optimize the scrubber design and operation. As a future work, it would be interesting to further model its performance regarding particle removal.
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Hadlocon, Lara Jane Sebuc. "Development of Spray-Type Acid Wet Scrubbers for Recovery of Ammonia Emissions from Animal Facilities." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388716963.
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Vavříková, Petra. "Návrh čištění energoplynu mokrou metodou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378721.
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Gasification is a process which produces gas of low heating value, however, generated gas contains several pollutants. This thesis is dealing with the issue of purity and cleaning of generated gas. Theoretic part of thesis consists of research, describing the very process of gasification itself, mapping of possible pollutants appearing during gasification and particular ways of purifying gas, looking in detail at wet scrubbing with several scrubbing liquids. Further, it looks into proposition of conditions for wet scrubbing and balance of scrubbing liquids. Next part deals with calculation of purifying line. Main goal of calculations, is to determine the length of the pipeline, transfering polluted gas from the gasifier to the filter for elimination of solid particles and wet scrubber. Key aspect of length calculation was the input and output temperature of the gas, determined by characteristics of the filter. Calculation for wet scrubber istelf is also included, to detremine if the output temperature of the scrubbing liquid after the passage of the gas needs to be modified by additional cooling or heating. For experimental purposes, syngas generated by gasification of biomass, is gathered from the atmospheric gasifier Biofluid 2. Experiment itself inquires into the purity of the gas before and after the passage through solid particles filter and through the wet scrubber. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the chemical composition of gas before and after wet scrubbing, the difference of composition of tar gathered from purified and nonpurified gas and using gathered data to evaluate the effectiveness of wet scrubbing.
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Zerwas, Alexander Ariyoshi. "Modelagem e simulação do escoamento em um sistema de lavagem de gases por técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-14032017-143507/.
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Estudou-se a aplicação de uma modelagem RANS, com a utilização do modelo de turbulência k-? na modelagem do escoamento no interior de um sistema de lavagem de gases, composto por um lavador Venturi e uma coluna de spray, por técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD), com a fase líquida resolvida pela abordagem Lagrangiana e a atomização secundária dessas por diferentes modelos de quebra. Utilizou-se o pacote comercial de CFD da ANSYS CFX 15.0 com as simulações realizadas em estado transiente. Verificaram-se os resultados obtidos pelo simulador para um lavador Venturi em escala piloto com dados da literatura, obtendo-se boa adequação para a perda de pressão ao longo do equipamento. Comparou-se a influência do tamanho das gotas de líquido da injeção na distribuição de tamanho de gotas ao longo do equipamento utilizando o modelo de quebra CAB (Cascade Atomization and drop Breakup), obtendo-se uma melhor dispersão das gotas de líquido na secção transversal do lavador ao se utilizar na injeção, uma distribuição de tamanho de gotas ao invés de gotas com mesmo diâmetro. Simularam-se diferentes condições de vazão de líquido e gás em um lavador Venturi em escala industrial e compararam-se os resultados de perda de pressão obtidos com correlações da literatura, obtendo-se boa adequação para as regiões iniciais do equipamento. Utilizando o modelo de quebra CAB e a abordagem Euler-Lagrange, comparou-se a distribuição de tamanho de gotas ao longo do lavador Venturi industrial para diferentes vazões de gás. Com a simulação do lavador Venturi, utilizou-se os resultados obtidos neste e simulou-se o sistema de lavagem de gases completo (coluna de Spray e lavador Venturi). Comparou-se ao final a retirada de poluentes por meio da impactação inercial e da difusão, obtendo-se uma melhor probabilidade de retirada de poluentes com o aumento da vazão de líquido.The flow field inside a wet scrubber was simulated with a RANS model using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in which the multiphase flow was solved by an Euler-Lagrange approach. Turbulence was modeled by the k-? model and droplet breakup was assumed to occur. The transient flow equations were solved using a commercial CFD package (ANSYS CFX 15.0). Simulations of a pilot plant Venturi scrubber were compared with literature data, in which a good agreement level was achieved for pressure loss through the scrubber. Droplet size distribution was evaluated throughout the scrubber by changing droplet diameter of injected liquid and using a Cascade Atomization and drop Breakup model (CAB). A better liquid dispersion inside the scrubber was achieved for a droplet size distribution injection when compared with a single diameter droplet liquid injection. After the results verification by comparing with data from a pilot scale Venturi, pressure loss for different flow conditions was compared between numerical simulations and literature correlations in an industrial size Venturi scrubber, achieving a good agreement for the entrance section of the scrubber. Droplet size distribution throughout the industrial Venturi scrubber for different gas mass flow conditions were also compared using the CAB model and Euler-Lagrange approach. Removal of contaminants was evaluated by two parameters, being inertial impaction of particulate and diffusion to droplet surface, by which a better contaminant removal was achieved for higher liquid flow rates.
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Relangi, Durga Devika. "WETTING CHARACTERISTICS OF HERRIN COAL AND ITS APPLICATION FOR IMPROVED DUST CONTROL." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/827.
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This thesis has developed wetting characteristics of coal dust from Herrin coal seam in Illinois for improved respirable coal and quartz dust (< 10µm) control. Wetting characteristics were assessed by a wettability technique called Fixed Time Wettability (FTW) method which simulates the actual underground wetting environment. Immediate roof and immediate floor materials bulk samples were found to be 100% wettable by water alone, whereas coal seam samples were 55-90% wettable. Two variables: contact time between water droplets and dust particles and, the temperature of the water were found to affect the degree of wettability. FTW was carried out at as a function of water temperature (7.2oC to 40.5oC) and contact time (10 to 25 seconds) which increased wettability 2-18% and 8-32%, respectively. In addition, the wetted and un-wetted samples collected from wettability experiments were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution analyses. It was found that particles are irregular in shape in both wetted and un-wetted fractions and some agglomeration of fine particles was observed in a few un-wetted fraction samples. The concept of increased contact time was incorporated in engineering controls by increasing the wet scrubber filter screen inclination (which is a function of the screen surface area). The filter screen inclination was minimizing the pressure drop across it using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. It was found that 60 degree (with respect to the vertical) would provide minimal pressure drop and should be considered for implementation. Additional research should be conducted on assessing selective wetting of different particle sizes of coal and quartz in airborne dust, developing data on wettability as a function of particle size and implementing the developed concepts such as contact time and temperature in the field for improved dust control.
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Kubík, Michal. "Návrh čištění odpadních plynů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378492.
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This diploma thesis deals with impurities in waste gases and syngas. Those gases usually have low heating value and contain impurities which are the main issue of those gas fuels. Waste gases and syngas can replace natural gas after right gas treatment. First part is theoretical. It starts with description of biomass and gasification technology. Then the waste gases are described – their origin and usual composition. Next part is dedicated to impurities and is followed by impurities treatment technologies. For removing of almost every type of impurity wet scrubber can be used which is described in detail in following part. There are other types of gas cleaning technologies, so they are described too but not in such detail as wet scrubber. In second part the wet scrubber is designed, and its function is tested by cleaning syngas from fluidized-bed gasifier called Biofluid. During gas cleaning in wet scrubber the influence of water temperature on efficiency of tar removal is examined.
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Kantipudi, Rohini. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Of Airflow patterns around a Room-and-pillar mining face area." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1968005101&sid=21&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Casanova, Luca. "Test sperimentali e modellazione di una torre di lavaggio per la filtrazione di particolato sottile in impianti di combustione delle biomasse." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8776/.
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This study investigates biomass and particulate matter also known as PM produced from the combustion of a domestic boiler powered by mais and how to separate PM from the stream of smoke output from the boiler using wet scrubber with structured packing. Sperimentations show the inefficiency of the separator used, so we provide an optimization of the structured packing changing geometric parameters as angle of the bend or thickness of the channels. In order to obtain a higher separation efficiency we remove the structured packinkg and introduce a packed bed composed of spheres of polyethylene with a diameter of 3 mm.
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Krištof, Ondřej. "Vytváření kapalinové clony pro absorpci plynných exhalací." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409524.
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The dissertation thesis deals with the application of absorption methods for the separation of gaseous pollutants from polluted gaseous mixtures using a pilot plant scrubber. The efficiency of the gaseous pollutant removal was determined based on the hydrodynamic distribution of fluids inside the spray chamber. A TF-28 150 spiral nozzle, which was used to spray the absorption liquid, was experimentally characterized. Specifically, the pressure impact pattern of the liquid produced by the nozzle was investigated using intrusive methods and the effective spray angles, the modes of primary and secondary atomization, the droplet size and liquid velocity distributions were determined using non-intrusive optical methods. Numerical simulations of flow of model gas phase inside the sprinkler head and spraying of the liquid through the spiral nozzle were also carried out. The obtained data can be applied to estimate the interface area and together with the determination of the coefficient of total mass transfer thus define the kinetics of chemisorption for a given absorbent/absorbate combination.
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Moraes, Marlene Silva de. "Técnica experimental para quantificar a eficiência de distribuidores de líquidos industriais do tipo tubos perfurados paralelos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-01102008-102051/.
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O presente texto descreve um método experimental simples para comparar a eficiência de distribuidores de líquido empregados nas indústrias de tratamento de minérios em lavadores, classificadores e moinhos e nas indústrias de processos químicos. A técnica consiste basicamente em analisar a dispersão pelo desvio padrão da massa do líquido coletado em tubos verticais dispostos em arranjo quadrático colocados abaixo do distribuidor. Como exemplo de aplicação, empregouse para a coleta da massa de líquido uma unidade piloto, montada no Laboratório de Engenharia Química da Universidade Santa Cecília em Santos, com um banco de 21 tubos verticais de 52 mm de diâmetro interno e 800 mm de comprimento. Uma manta acrílica que não dispersa o líquido com 50 mm de espessura foi fixada entre o distribuidor e o banco de tubos para evitar respingos. Foram realizados ensaios com nove distribuidores do tipo espinha de peixe de 4 tubos paralelos cada, para uma coluna piloto com 400 mm de diâmetro. A literatura é discordante no que concerne aos parâmetros de projeto e eficiência destes distribuidores. Variaram-se o número (n) de orifícios (95, 127 e 159 furos/m2, 12, 16 e 20 furos por distribuidor) o diâmetro (d) dos orifícios (2, 3 e 4 mm) e as vazões de entrada indicadas por rotâmetro nos distribuidores (q) de 1,2; 1,4 e 1,6 m3/h. A melhor eficiência de espalhamento pelo menor desvio padrão (0,302) foi obtida com n de 159 furos/m2, d de 2 mm e q de 1,4 m3/h indicando as limitações dos parâmetros de projeto da literatura. A pressão (p), na entrada do distribuidor para esta condição, foi de apenas 0,51 kgf/cm2. A relação adimensional entre a área da seção do tubo de alimentação e a somatória da área dos furos foi de 5,81, a vazão volumétrica total por unidade de área da seção da coluna para esta melhor condição foi de 11,32 m3/(h.m2) e a velocidade média (v) em cada orifício foi de 6,31 m/s. Portanto, o método proposto permite comparar e quantificar a eficiência de distribuidores além de demonstrar a não validade de alguns parâmetros de projeto recomendados pela literatura.The current text describes a simple experimental method in order to compare the efficiency of the liquid distributors applied at the ore treatment industries in washers, classifiers and mills as well as at the chemical processing industries. The technique basically consist of analyzing the dispersion through the standard deviation of the liquid mass which was collected in vertical pipes placed in a square way under the distributor. As an example of us usage, it has been applied a pilot scale for collecting the liquid mass, installed at the Santa Cecília Universitys Chemical Engineering Laboratory in Santos, with a setting of 21 vertical tubes measuring 52 mm in internal diameter and 800 mm in length. A 50 mm thick acrylic blanket was fixed between the distributor and the pipe setting in order to avoid splashes. Some experiments have been made with a ladder-tipe distributors containing 4 parallel tubes each, for a pilot column of 400 mm in diameter. The literature shows disagreement regarding the characteristics of the project and the efficiency of the distributors. The number of holes has varied (n) 95, 127 and 159 holes/m2; 12, 16 and 20 holes for distributor, the diameter of the holes (d) 2, 3 and 4 mm and the flow of entrance in the distributors (q) of 1,2; 1,4 and 1,6 m3/h. The best efficiency of splashing of the lowest deviation pattern (0,302) was achieved with n of 159 holes/m2, d of 2 mm and q of 1,4 m3/h showing the limitation of characteristics of the project literature. The pressure (p), for this condition in the distributor entrance, was only 0,51 kgf/cm2. The measuring relation between the area of the section of the feeding pipe and the addition of the area of the roles was 5,81, the total volume of the out flow for unit of the area of the column section for this better condition was 11,32 m3/(h m2) and the average speed (v), in each hole was 6,31 m/s. Finally, the indicated method permits the comparison and quantification of the efficiency of the distributors, besides showing that some of the project concepts are not valid and the literature does not recommend them.
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Sanghavi, Urvi. "Novel Regenerable Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment from Wet Flue Gas Scrubbers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin147982088374556.
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Wagner, Manuela. "Industrial Pilot Scale Leaching and Recovery of Zinc from Waste-to-Energy Fly Ash using Scrubber Liquids." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10348.
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Previous studies from laboratory experiments and a similar process at a plant in Switzerland, led to the pilot plant project at Renova AB, which will be described in this master thesis. In cooperation with Götaverken Miljö AB it was investigated if fly ash, produced at the Renova Waste-to-Energy plant in Gothenburg, could be treated with own scrubber liquids in order to recover zinc. If successful, Renova might build this tested pilot process in to a big scale. The pilot plant has a scale of 16 times smaller than a future big scale process. The goal of the project is to leach zinc from fly ash and gain a fly ash residue, which is classified as non-hazardous waste. The filtrate from the leaching campaign is treated so that the containing zinc is recovered. The zinc cake end product shall has a quality so that it can be sold to other industries or upgraded to high purity zinc metal. The evaluation of the experiments showed that the pilot plant process was successful. It was possible to leach out zinc by a maximum quote of 74%. The total recovery of zinc could be achieved by a maximum of 72%. The final zinc cake product was achieved through a precipitation and filtration campaign. This thesis evaluates, which process set-ups for zinc recovery through leaching and precipitation & filtration are the best and can be recommended for a big scale process. In addition, it briefly analyses the zinc product quality. Future studies will be necessary within: cost analysis of the process, zinc product quality and an analysis of the ash residue.
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Garza, Simon, and Lundrim Shaqiri. "Korrosionsstudie om nickel-krom-molybden legeringar i våt skrubber." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31255.
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Arbetet som utförts är en material studie som inriktar sig på nickel-krom-molybdenbaserade legeringar som används i dagens våt skrubber. Eftersom kraven på mängden utsläpp av svaveldioxid är en viktig miljöfråga, skapar detta ett behov för användandet av en våt skrubber. Den här produkten befinner sig i anläggningar där förbränningsmotorer finns och förekommer i princip i alla större fartyg. Rökgasen som motorerna släpper ifrån sig är skadlig för miljön och därför absorberas flödet in till en våt skrubber där en förbränning sker. Rökgasen separeras med hjälp av ett antal sprinklers som är placerade ovanpå gas ingången i en skrubber. Med hjälp av havsvatten som samlas upp och sluts till skrubbern injiceras detta genom sprinklers sen vidare nedåt på rökgasen som separerar föroreningar ifrån den gasen som är tänkt ska kondensera genom och ut i atmosfären. Havsvatten tillsammans med föroreningarna samlas på botten av skrubbern och samlas i tankar. Denna miljö är väldigt skadlig för materialet som produkten består av, framför allt på botten där materialet riskerar att korrodera som mest. Arbetet beskriver ett antal typer av korrosion och förklarar innebörden av de olika typerna så att det enklare går att förstå sammanhanget med miljön och omständigheternas påverkan på legeringarna. Syftet i arbetet är att studera de olika legeringarna och beskriva de med hjälp av den litteraturstudie som gjorts. Med hjälp av insamlad data av tester som tidigare utförts enligt standard, har detta tolkats och bidragit till evalueringen av de olika legeringarna. De grundläggande tester som används vid evaluering av legeringarnas karaktär är tester där en bit av materialet doppas ned i en specifik lösning med olika omständigheter och villkor. Detta räcker inte för att säkerställa en hållbar livscykel för en våt skrubber och därför evalueras legeringarna även med hjälp av olika fälttester. Teoretiska studier på tester i aggressiva miljöer används för att resultera rangordningen av de olika materialen och även ett nytt material undersöks vid namnet alloy 2120.This thesis work is a study of materials which focus on nickel-chromium-molybdenum-based alloys used in today’s wet scrubbers. Since the requirements for emissions of sulfur dioxide is a major environmental issue, this creates a need for the use of a wet scrubber. This product is in installations where combustion engines are available and are basically in all larger vessels. The flue gas that engines emit are harmful to the environment and for that reason, the flow is absorbed into a wet scrubber where combustion takes place. The flue gas is separated by a number of sprinklers placed above of the gas in a scrubber. Collected seawater is used to separate the gas through the sprinklers that injects the water on top of the flue gas where impurities is separated from the gas that will condense out to the atmosphere. The water fluid together with the contaminants is collected on the bottom of the scrubber and into the tanks. This environment is very harmful to the material that the product is made of, in particular on the bottom where the material is more susceptible for corrosion. The work describes several types of corrosion and the meaning of the different types so that the reader easily can understand the impact of the environment on the alloys. The type of corrosion that occurs primarily in scrubbers is pitting corrosion and is considerate to be a highly local type of corrosion, and the most dangerous type. Pitting occurs when the protective oxide layer does not have time to repassivate and can also lead to other types of corrosion. Due to the dangerous work environment, the risk for corrosion to occur is high and therefore, focus is put on this specific material group. The purpose of this work was to study the alloys and describe them with the help of a literature study. Using data collected from tests previously performed in accordance with standards, the collected data has been interpreted and contributing to the evaluation of the various alloys. The basic tests used in the evaluation of the nature of the alloy are tests in which a piece of material immersed in a specific solution with different circumstances and conditions. This is not enough to ensure a sustainable life cycle for a wet scrubber and therefore, alloys is evaluated using various field tests as well. Theoretical studies on tests in aggressive environments is used to result the ranking of the various materials and also a new material is examined by the name alloy 2120.
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Li, Shih-Hao, and 李世豪. "The Numerical Study of Wet Scrubber Performance." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21714290786694602957.
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碩士國立交通大學
機械工程學系
100
This paper is to study adsorption efficiency in Wet scrubber numerically. The adsorption model which includes the ratio of remnant capacity and the concentration effect is proposed , also the different model of water volume and different coefficient of the theoretically formula are considered to calculate the adsorption efficiency. The solver of CFD code is need to execute numerical computation. In order to improve the efficiency of wet scrubber, we design a porous plate, expect that can have uniform flow inside the scrubber. Finally, we discuss the efficiency between the improved scrubber and the old one, and we can find that there is about 3% enhancement by using the porous plate.
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Chen, Ying-Zhao, and 陳瀅兆. "Study of VOCs Remove Efficiency by Wet Scrubber." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/697ny7.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系所
105
This study is executed in steel plant in southern Taiwan, and observe in the wet flue gas desulfurization(FGD) and the changes in concentration of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). Non-methane total hydrocarbon(NMTHC) is chosen to replace VOCs concentration and use different methods to analysis VOCs species, take the results to calculate the material balance equation. In our results shows that NMTHC can be removed part when total suspended particulate(TSP) and sulfur oxides(SOX) be removed by FGD. Methyl chloride, Acetone, Benzene and Toluene usually be found in species analysis results whether collect sample sites or methods, so determine the four species are easier produced than other species in the produce process. When classify VOCs species by their chemical structure, the flue gas were constituted by the alkane group and the Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) group, and there are better remove efficiency in aldehyde group and halogenated hydrocarbons group when treated by FGD, their remove ratio were 31.8% and 32.3%, respectively. The species analysis results in flue gas and scouring water to calculate the material balance equation, and compare results with solubility in water, the two results can’t be close cause the concentration in flue gas to enter was too high and species analysis results were non-detected in scouring water lead to can’t compare theoretical concentration.
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Iswara, Aditya Prana, and 安帝亞. "Parallel Plate Wet Denuder for Studying Removal Efficiency of Packed Wet Scrubber." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03807629609715213367.
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碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
102
This study used a parallel plate wet denuder coupled with ion chromatograph (PPWD-IC) to measure soluble gas pollutant concentrations and removal efficiency of packed towers. Gas pollutant concentrations measured by the PPWD-IC system were first validated with a manual porous metal denuder sampler (PDS) as a reference. Test results show that the collection efficiency of the PPWD-IC system operating at 5 L/min is nearly 100% for HF, HCl and CH3COOH, respectively. The comparison of these three gases show that concentration measured by the PPWD-IC system agree well with those obtained by PDS with correlation of determinant (R2) greater than 0.93. The PPWD was then applied to measure the removal efficiency of packed towers in high-tech factories continuously. Results show that the removal efficiency of gaseous pollutants is low and variable when the inlet concentration is low.
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Huang, Hung-han, and 黃亨涵. "Removal of ammonium as struvite from wet scrubber blowdown." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03540505558329134175.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
98
The removal of ammonium from the blowdown of wet scrubber was investigated in this study. Both magnesium salt and phosphate salts were added for the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (Mg NH4 PO4．6H2O, struvite). To recover high concentration of ammonium (NH4+ = 528.17 mg/L) from scrubber blowdown, two sets of chemical, including MgCl2 + K2HPO4 and MgO + 85% H3PO4 were used at the stoichiometric ratio ([Mg2+]:[NH4+]:[PO43-] = 1:1:1) and at different pH ranging from 8 to 9. Experimental results indicated that the optimum removal efficiency of ammonium as struvite was 73.3% at pH 8.5 with the addition of MgCl2 and K2HPO4. Experiments were performed at pH 8.5 by using MgCl2 and K2HPO4 at different molar ratio. Experimental results indicated that the removal efficiency of ammonium reached almost maximum at the stoichiometric ratio of struvite. There was no further effect when molar ratio was higher than stoichiometry. The formation of struvite, as produced under different reaction conditions, were confirmed by FESEM, EDX, XRD and wet chemical analysis. Theoretical equilibria were modeled with PHREEQC and compared with experimental results. Additionally, the effect of iron on struvite precipitation was also investigated by spiking iron to the wastewater. Ammonium removal efficiency was not affected when in the presence of 5-10 mg/L of iron. Experimental results proved that removal of ammonium as struvite from scrubber blowdown is feasible.
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Sheu, Shiang-Ru, and 許香茹. "A high efficiency parallel plates wet scrubber (PPWS) for acidic gases." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42790317179884231038.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
101
Wet scrubbing system is widely used in high-tech industries to remove the exhaust gases. However, traditional wet scrubber has poor removal efficiency toward acid-bases gas such as HF, HCl and NH3, etc., especially for those in low concentration and thus fails to meet emission standard promulgated by Taiwan EPA. In this study, a high removal efficiency parallel plate wet scrubber (PPWS) was designed to meet this problem. In the PPWD, traditional packing material was replaced by the multi-parallel plate. The plates were coated with nano-TiO2 gel to enhance its wettability. That will let exhaust passing through the plates with large contact surface area (327 m2/m3) and well absorbency, and further increase its removal efficiency in low pressure drop condition. Simulated exhaust gases (< 2 ppm) in low concentration mixed with HCl, HNO3 and CH3COOH were used for testing the removal efficiency of the PPWS. Results show that when the gas flowrate is 1.62 CCM, gas retention time in the multi-parallel plate (Tg) is 0.5 s and the liquid/gas ratio (L/G) is 18.5 L/m3, the removal efficiency of the PPWS toward HCl, HNO3 and CH3COOH are 99.51 ± 0.48 , 99.13 ± 0.87 and 99.15 ± 0.46 %, respectively, while the gas flowrate is increased to 8.1 CCM, the Tg is decreased to 0.1 s and the L/G is decreased to 3.7 L/m3, the corresponding removal efficiency are decreased to 98.34 ± 1.62, 97.42 ± 2.08 and 94.94 ± 3.48 %, respectively. That is, the removal efficiencies of the PPWS toward the HCl and HNO3 are able to meet the emission standard when the Tg and L/G are 0.1 s and 3.7 L/m3, respectively, while for the CH3COOH, the Tg must be extended to 0.5 s allowing its removal efficiency to achieve the emission standard.
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CHEN, YUN, and 陳筠. "The feasibility of wet scrubber with microbubbles / ozone to improve the efficiency of MEK absorption." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8v8uqa.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系碩士班
105
The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial processes into the environment was noticed by the Taiwan’s EPA, because these VOCs emissions were harmful to human health. Therefore, the industrial factories were required to reduce the emissions of the VOCs. The scrubber was usually used for the VOCs treatment of the industry exhaust. In order to increasing the VOC’s removal efficiency of the wet scrubber system, the feasibility of the use of the micro-bubble/ozone water as the adsorbing solution in the traditional wet scrubber system was discussed in this study. And methyl ethyl ketone was selected as the target volatile organic compound, because it was used as a solvent in the high-tech industries such as the semiconductor industry and the chemical industry. The results of the experiment show that the removal efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone by the wet scrubber system was increasing significantly by using the micro-bubble water as the adsorbing solution. The removal efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone by the traditional wet scrubber system with tap water was around 18 – 20% and the removal efficiency by using the micro-bubble water was increased to 25%. In addition, the removal efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone was not increasing significantly by adding ozone into the adsorbing solution for the low methyl ethyl ketone concentration and it was not effect for the high methyl ethyl ketone. The influence factors of the removal efficiency for the wet scrubber with microbubble water were discussed in this study. The methyl ethyl ketone concentration in the adsorbing solution of the wet scrubber was the most important factor. In the initial condition, the methyl ethyl ketone concentration in the adsorbing solution was lower than 10 mg/L, and the higher removal efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone was gotten. Because the adsorbing solution was recycled in the wet scrubber system, the concentration of methyl ethyl ketone in the adsorbing solution was increased rapidly in 25 minutes while the concentration of methyl ethyl ketone in gas phase decreases rapidly, and the removal efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone was decreased as the increasing of methyl ethyl ketone in the adsorbing solution. In summary, the feasibility of the wet scrubber with microbubbles / ozone to improve the efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone absorption was confirmed in study. The removal efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone by the wet scrubber system could be affected by many factors, such as methyl ethyl ketone concentration in the adsorbing solution, temperature and micro-bubbles amount. The most important factor was the methyl ethyl ketone concentration in the adsorbing solution.
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Chen, Yen-Liang, and 陳彥良. "Study on Improving The Wet Scrubber Performance For Acid Gas Treatment – An Example Of a Semiconductor Factory." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7da546.
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碩士國立交通大學
工學院產業安全與防災學程
104
Following the trend of eco-conscious, more people pay attention to environmental issues in recent years, the environmental pollution led government to increase restrain on emission standard of industrial air pollution. For enterprises, they must comply with regulation requirements. In addition, how to reduce exhaust emissions with limited resources and improve the performance of control equipments is an important task of the industry. The purpose of this study is to enhance the performance of acid exhaust treatment equipments and reduce their operating costs by performing five research tasks. This study utilizes the concept of pre-washing in order to enhance the treatment efficiency. By setting sprinklers in the pipe, the emission concentrations of F- and Cl- at the stack exit were reduced by about 10 to 30%. By configuring the cycle sprinkler piping on the inside of horizontal scrubber and installed maintenance hole on either sides of the bottom of scrubber, it could reduce the accumulation of sludge sedimentation and still could be maintained when the equipment was continuously in operation. The growth speed of the bacteria on the inside of scrubbers could be weaken by isolating the light transmittance of wet scrubbers, thereby reducing obstructions in the scrubber and extending the periodicity of maintenance. And by setting sprinklers above the windmill impeller in order to improve the crystal adhesion situation, it could help to improve the windmill operating efficiency and reduce its operating cost. And demolition of non-essential parts around wet scrubbers such as check damper could reduce the operating pressure loss and saving operating costs.
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Hsu, Peng-Chan, and 徐鵬展. "Evaluation on the Removal Efficiency of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) produced from PCB Solder Mask Process by Wet Scrubber." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yvy25b.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
環境工程研究所在職專班
106
This study aims to investigate the removal efficiency of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from the printed circuit board (PCB) solder mask process using the traditional wet scrubber. The optimum operation conditions of scrubber and emission factor of VOCs in the full scale PCB solder mask manufacturing plant were also discussed. The experimental results indicated that the average removal concentration of VOCs was 8.66 ppm operated at liquid-to-gas (L/S) ratio 1.25 and pH ranged from 8.0 to 9.0. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of VOCs was approximately from 34% to 43%. The average VOC removal concentration was increased from 11.39 ppm to 16.0 ppm with an increase in L/S ratio from 1.45 to 1.66. It could conclude that the increasing in L/S ratio could enhance removal efficiency of VOCs during PCB solder mask process. The average increment in VOCs removal efficiency was 9% to 13% with an increment of 50 L/min in water spray amounts. In the case of L/S ratio of 1.66, emission factors of VOCs conducted in this research were 0.0019 kg/m2(pH ranged from 6.0 to 7.0), 0.0024 kg/m2 (pH ranged from 7.0 to 8.0), and 0.0016 kg/m2 (pH ranged from 8.0 to 9.0), respectively. The lowest emission factor of VOCs occurred at pH range between 8.0 and 9.0. All emission factors of VOCs were done in this research could comply with the VOCs emission requirement (0.026 kg/m2) of the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA).. Based on the experimental results of this research, the optimum operation conditions for tested PCB solder mask manufacturing process were including the range of pH 8.0 to 9.0, L/S ratio of 1.66, and washing water circulation of 5.12 L/min. It implied that the washing water for applying wet scrubber should be changed to fresh washing water when the scrubber operated continuously 2.7 hours (162 mins). In summary, the preliminary results obtained from this study could provide the good information for operation conditions of wet scrubber, but also could provide the good operation experiences for relevant operators in the future work.
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Li, Wen-Jhe, and 李文哲. "The carboxylation in the simulated absorbed solution from wet scrubber with photosynthesis of algae under alkaline and thermal conditions." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91167034768252136488.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
94
The global influence on climate changes of greenhouse effects, has already been paid attention to by the whole countries all over the world. In order to prevent our environment getting worse, the most important subject is to decrease the discharge of greenhouse gases. Though carbon dioxide does not contribute the most powerful greenhouse gas leading to greenhouse effect, it has the largest emission. Therefore, in all intensify parameter, cabon dioxide accounts for 55％. That is the reason why many researches focus on the decrease of carbon dioxide emission. In this study, we focus on the carboxylation for simulated absorbed solution from the alkaline wet scrubber with photosynthesis of algae under alkaline and thermal conditions. The algae species was purified from hot springs and can thrive under alkaline and thermal conditions. To compare with spring algae, we take the sea algae, named Nannochloropsis oculata, from Fisheries Research Institute (Dung-gang Branch). The photo-bioreactor was designed by our laboratory, and it’s work volume is 1 liter. We use Na2CO3 to simulate carbon dioxide. The light intensity is 10,000 Lux, and always illuminate the reactor. We take different pH, temperature, concentration of carbon, and different carbon source as batch parameter in the experiment. In “Free Culture” test, the growth of spring algae near to pH 12 is observed under 50℃ and sea algae goes to pH 9.7 under 25℃. As a result, we can understand the limitation of algae on alkaline condition. Then, the parameter of “Different pH Condition” test is set as pH＝7、9.5、11 (spring algae) and pH＝7、8.5、9.5 (sea algae). The growth of spring algae under steady pH＝11 was unapparent. It had maximal cell density 642 mg/L and the maximal growth rate of spring algae was 2.03 d-1. On sea algae culture, pH＝7 and pH＝8.5 had similar growth curve. The maximal cell density, appeared on pH＝7, had 425 mg/L, and maximal growth rate was 2.09 d-1. In “Different Temperature Condition” test, spring algae cultured on 40, 55℃ and compared with 50℃. The max cell density has a little increase (709 mg/L), and the specific growth rate rise with temperature. The higher temperature we test, the larger specific growth rate (3.56 d-1), and higher utilization of carbon source can be observed. The relationship between temperature and substrate utilization can be expressed as ＝0.283(1.07)T-9.66. Sea algae can not surviv at 50℃, but it has similar maximal cell density and specific growth rate under 40℃. The maximal cell density is 394 mg/L and max growth rate is 1.97 d-1. It has the same situation on spring and sea algae, that is the higher temperature environment makes higher specific growth rate on algae. In “Different Carbon Source” test, we bubble different concentration of CO2 gas as carbon source. The spring algae bubble 10％、20％、40％ CO2 gas (v/v) for experiment, and it can survive till 20％ CO2 after a 100 hours lag phase. The maximal cell density was observed more than 2,600 mg/L and the nitrate source become main limitation of algae growth. It has the same situation on sea algae. We bubbled air、5％、8％、10％ CO2 gas as sea algae carbon source. The maximal specific growth rate was observed on the parameter of bubbling air and it had 2.60 d-1. The limit of CO2 concentration was 8％, and a 36 hours lag phase was observed. In “Different Initial Carbon (Na2CO3) Concentration” test, we focused on spring algae and set five different carbon concentrations. It was 0.5、1、3、5、10 g Na2CO3 per liter. We found the higher carbon concentration we added, the more max cell density we observed. We can get 1,505 mg/L cell density on 10 g experiment, and after adding additional light (10,000 Lux), we can even measure 1,693 mg/L cell density. From the result, we know that the limitation of high concentration carbon source experiment is light intensity. The maximal growth rate in this experiment was 2.95 d-1 and it was observed on 1 g/L concentration. We use “Monod equation” to simulate the relation of carbon concentration and specific growth rate, and we can get μmax＝1.666 d-1, Ks＝-12.388 mg/L.
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Hsieh, Yi-Ching, and 謝宜靜. "Applied biomass (carbon) liquor as wet scrubber additive for the absorbing of chlorine contaminants in flue gases from small incinerators." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5zhxef.
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Chen, Qing-Shun, and 陳清舜. "Design of ozone generator driven by exhaust gas from a wet scrubber－taking the Dinhua sewage pumping Station as an example－." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9jk8v9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
環境工程學系
106
Dihua Sewage Draw Water Station and Dihua Sewage Disposal Plant , the both them are the biggest in Taipei. We call them with Dihua. The Trash Rakes are the first process while Dihua treat domestic sewage. And then , the filter residue produced may contain many unknown germs. The filter residue mainly contains larger organic substances such as feces or kitchen waste. The biological treatment procedures in the sewage treatment process can be divided into aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment. Aerobic treatment is to decompose organic matters in wastewater or wastes by through microorganisms under aerobic conditions, and convert them into final products such as water, nitrates, and carbon dioxide; while anaerobic treatment is the decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms under anoxic conditions. It is decomposed into water, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other final products. There are many kinds of volatile organic compounds, and the sources are complicated. Various VOCS are released due to microbial reactions from the biological treatment procedures. Have a disgusting smell, and Dihua treatment of odor is deodorized by 12 two-stage wet scrubbers. This study is designed to return this waste energy to the wind turbine module by wind power from the wet scrubber. Implementing waste energy recycling. A horizontal axis wind turbine was built with a DC motor to generate electricity and drive the ceramic corona method to produce ozone. The wind speed discharged from the wet scrubber was tested. The voltage, current, and speed generated by the wind energy generator. Power analysis through by O3 generated by the module, and then how many VOCS are removed. In the laboratory, the ozone generator in the 40.5L module need 12V voltage and 1A current to produce ozone 34 ppm/min. Ozone is then degraded to toluene to obtain a removal rate of 83%. Wind power generation in the Dihua two-stage scrubber exhaust vents for wind field testing. The maximum wind speed of the exhaust vent during the test is 14m/s. And the motor revolutions up to 1570 rpm. The average wind speed of the average exhaust vent is 12.9 m/s. And the average number of motor revolutions reaches 1503 rpm, which can generate 15.39W of electricity. The wind power generation in the test has reached 12.31V 1.25A ampere, which is enough to drive the wind ozone generator of this study.
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CHIU, YU-LING, and 邱鈺玲. "The Feasibility Study of Wet Scrubber with Micro/Nano Bubbles to Improve the Efficiency of MEK Absorption－A Case Study of Copper Clad Lamainate." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35zcq6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
106
In this study, the application of micro/nano bubbles wet scrubber to process methyl ethyl ketone in the exhaust process of flexible copper clad lamainate was investigated. This was done in order to evaluate the removal efficiency of VOCs-MEK in the exhaust emissions from the process of processing the flexible copper clad lamainate scrubber in the micro/nano bubbles wet scrubber. The adjustment of parameters as well as the evaluation of scrubber processing VOCs-MEK efficiency, along with the understanding of the practicality of the plant, would help to increase the application of technology development, improve processing efficiency, so as to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds in the air. The removal efficiency in micro/nano bubbles water circulation shows that with the increase of treatment time, the removal rate decreases, and the COD in the washing liquid increases, thus the removal rate cannot be sustained. In micro/nano bubbles water without recycling conditions, there is an 80% removal rate at the beginning, but the overall trend of removal efficiency still decreases, yet the removal efficiency can be maintained at more than 40%; the conductivity and removal rate have no obvious change and the pH in water the COD will increase with time. The ORP test value change will increase as the removal rate decreases. It will no longer rise to a flat level after rising to a constant value; and each parameter shows that VOCs-MEK can be increased through the adjustment of the operating parameter - intake air flow rate and removal rate. Comprehensive test results show that the non-recycling test can increase the removal rate of VOCs-MEK-containing off-gas in the micro/nano bubbles wet scrubber and maintain it at about 40 to 80%; increasing the air volume can increase the removal efficiency of this set of equipment by 7%.
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LIN, YI AN, and 林益安. "Study on the best Dosing point of semiconductor process exhaust wet scrubbers." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/432y3d.
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碩士中華大學
工業管理學系
107
Nowadays semiconductor industry use various of chemical substances in manufacturing processes. Acid, alkaline, other toxic gases all use packed bed wet scrubber to do further disposition in semiconductor processes. Due to deterioration of the environment pollution intensificate people's consciousness and pay more attention on environmental protection. Stricter laws and regulations, raised standards of pollution control, up to 10 millions high penalty fine and possible criminal sanction might resulted in factory shutdown cause huge loss. Therefore, how to handle the waste gas of semiconductor processes effectively and improve air pollution control equipment to reach greatest benefit become an important mission and greater challenge. Current built waste gas packed bed wet scrubber can not upgrade equipment or change it's original design to improve its efficiency and operation functions. Therefore, packed bed wet scrubber could mainly rely on regular maintanence to avoid waste gas handling volume variation result in abnormal emissions. Detergent's PH value will affect by exhaust gases from manufacturing processes which need to control waste gases removal rate stability. If the waste gases from semiconductor processes didn't complete exhaust gases treatment and enter ourside environment will cause huge pollution. Detergent's PH value specification also be reviewed and audited by goveronment environmental protection department. If there's any out of specification of the PH value might face penalty fine, even resulted in factory shutdown which affect production line operation. The purpose of this study is to improve detergent's PH value stability control of waste acid gas handling equipment and reduce its operation cost. Use past PH control chemical added points trend chart to find out best added point and use chemical added volume as an variation index to conduct detergent's PH value stability experiment. With the experiment, hope can find out the best chemical added point and approciate added volume to reduce packed bed wet scrubber operation cost.
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Fei, Kuo-Wei, and 費國偉. "Investigation on Ammonia Removal Efficiency Achieved with Wet Scrubbers for an LED Manufacturer." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23888054851481103418.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
環境工程研究所
100
Due to the rapid change and diversification of products, semiconductor industry has to adopt different processes and material to meet the needs of new products in a faster path nowadays. Ammonia (NH3) gas has been widely used by this industry, especially for manufacturing Light-Emitting Diode (hereafter, LED). High emission of waste gas containing ammonia from this manufacturing process may occur if the ammonia is not properly treated. Traditional way of processing the NH3 waste gas that contains tens or even hundreds thousands ppm is now considered of low efficiency and cannot effectively remove the pollutant from gas streams. Therefore, this study focuses on the emission characteristics and ammonia removal efficiency of an anonymous LED factory located in Taiwan. The factory applies a series of packed wet scrubbers for processing ammonia-containing gas streams. The stack sampling results indicate that the ammonia emission can be kept below the regulation’s standard of 35 mg/m3 and 17.1% reduction of processing cost can be achieved. The above-mentioned experimental results can be reached by controlling the operating parameters as following. Firstly, the pH values of the scrubbing should be controlled at 6.0~6.5 for effective removal of ammonia and decreasing the consumption of sulfuric acid. Secondly, controlling the overflow rate of scrubbing liquid to maintain the conductivity at 40~50 mS/cm proves to provide high efficiency in removing ammonia from gas streams. Nevertheless, if the gas stream containing high-concentration ammonia that was treated with the series of packed wet scrubber can be processed to recover ammonia would be even better from the perspectives of resources utilization and reduction of the costs related to the treatment of the wastewater generated from the scrubbing process. This concept should be further investigated in the future for the benefits of semiconductor industry and the environment.
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Lee, Chia-yi, and 李佳依. "The Effects of Aqua Regia on the Performance of Wet Scrubbers in Color Filter Process." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97906835501121730283.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
環境工程研究所碩士在職專班
100
Photonics products roll out of production lines every day, and color filter is a key component of TFT-LCD, accounting for more than 20% of total manufacture cost. In response to market demands, new products are being developed and innovative production processes are introduced. However, introduction of new chemical materials often comes with new processes which inevitably affect processing efficiency of existing facility such as air and water pollution control equipment. With the pressure of reducing production costs, the costs to keep pollution control equipment running are not always the top priority of manufacturers. These firms often establish the systems to meet the minimum standards set by government. The subject of this study is pertaining to the new PVA process in which aqua regia is used for etching. Aqua regia is a powerful acid that contains hydrochloric acid which is an air pollutant regulated by Taiwan EPA. This will definitely have a profound impact on the operation of existing air pollution control equipment. The cost analysis was carried out with the consideration of energy and material consumption, and the result was compared with the value of unit product and the quantity of air pollutants removed. A comparison of processing efficiency before and after change of production process was performed with the air pollutant emission testing as an attempt to understand the extent of influence of aqua regia on the existing air pollution control equipment. Data of actual operations were compiled for comparison and to investigate the difference in real operations and possible room for improvement. It was learned that the white smoke generated during the aqua regia process was effectively controlled by increasing the conductivity to 150 ms/cm or more, and the removal efficiency of hydrochloric acid was 58.3% before the introduction of aqua regia. After the introduction of aqua regia, the efficiency reached 93.1% as the inlet hydrochloric acid concentration increased. However, the removal efficiencies of chlorine and nitric acid were less than 85% due to low inlet concentration. The NMHC test result revealed that traces of organic substance were detected in the exhaust of alkaline/acid processes. 557.7 m3 of process exhaust had to be processed for the production of a piece of generation 4.5 color filter before the aqua regia was introduced, and 1.016*10-3kWh of energy was required to process each 1m3 of process exhaust. After the aqua regia was introduced, the process exhaust to be processed was reduced to 504.6 m3 per piece of filter while 1.067*10-3kWh was required for processing 1m3 of exhaust gas.