Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wetland

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wetland'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 April 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Wetland"

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Meng, Hongxu, Xin Zhong, Yanfeng Wu, Xiaojun Peng, Zhijun Li, and Zhongyuan Wang. "Estimation of Ecological Water Requirement and Water Replenishment Regulation of the Momoge Wetland." Water 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2025): 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010114.

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Ensuring the ecological water requirements (EWR) suitable for wetlands are upheld is essential for maintaining the stability and health of their ecosystems, a challenge faced by wetlands globally. However, previous studies on EWRs estimation lack a comprehensive consideration of wetlands and still suffer from the problem of rough time scales. Prior studies have predominantly concentrated on its core and buffer zones, neglecting a comprehensive analysis of the wetland’s entirety and failing to account for the seasonal variations in EWRs. To fill this gap, we proposed a novel framework for estimating EWRs wetland’s entirety to guide the development of dynamic water replenishment strategies. The grey prediction model was used to project the wetland area under different scenarios and designed water replenishment strategies. We then applied this framework in a key wetland conservation area in China, the Momoge Wetland, which is currently facing issues of areal shrinkage and functional degradation due to insufficient EWRs. Our findings indicate that the maximum, optimal, and minimum EWRs for the Momoge Wetland are 24.14 × 108 m3, 16.65 × 108 m3, and 10.88 × 108 m3, respectively. The EWRs during the overwintering, breeding, and flood periods are estimated at 1.92 × 108 m3, 5.39 × 108 m3, and 8.73 × 108 m3, respectively. Based on the predicted wetland areas under different climatic conditions, the necessary water replenishment volumes for the Momoge Wetland under scenarios of dry-dry-dry, dry-dry-normal, dry-normal-dry, and normal-normal-normal are calculated to be 0.70 × 108 m3, 0.49 × 108 m3, 0.68 × 108 m3, and 0.36 × 108 m3, respectively. In years characterized by drought, the current water replenishment projects are inadequate to meet the wetland’s water needs, highlighting the urgent need for the implementation of multi-source water replenishment techniques to enhance the effectiveness of these interventions. The results of this study provide insights for annual and seasonal water replenishment planning and multi-source water management of wetlands with similar problems as the Momoge Wetland. With these new insights, our novel framework not only advances knowledge on the accuracy of wetland ecological water requirement assessment but also provides a scalable solution for global wetland water resource management, helping to improve the ecosystem’s adaptability to future climate changes.
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Berninger, Kati, Jari Koskiaho, and Sirkka Tattari. "Constructed wetlands in Finnish agricultural environments: balancing between effective water protection, multi-functionality and socio-economy / Małe sztuczne zbiorniki wodne w krajobrazie rolniczym Finlandii: ochrona jakości wody na tle wielozadaniowych funkcji tych zbiorników i aspektów socjalno-ekonomicznych." Journal of Water and Land Development 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-012-0029-5.

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Abstract This case study summarizes the current knowledge in Finland on the efficiency of constructed wetlands to improve water quality at the same time providing multiple benefits. The efficiency is highly dependent on the wetland’s relative size compared to the upstream catchment area, and on the amount of agricultural land in the upstream catchment. The case study analyses the incentives designed to motivate landowners to construct wetlands in Finland such as the non-productive investment support and the agri-environment payment support for wetland management. Farmers think that the support system is heavy and bureaucratic, and thus the target number of new constructed wetlands is far from being met. Individual projects have been more successful in wetland construction than the official support system. General wetland plans drafted for hotspot areas is an example of enabling factors and strict eligibility rules form one of the barriers of wetland construction identified in this case study. In spite of the criticism of the current wetland incentives, a support system for wetland construction is needed. One option would be to give regional authorities more freedom to select priority areas according to e.g. River Basin Management Plans.
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Higgins, James, and Michael Maclean. "Technical Note — The Use of a Very Large Constructed Sub-Surface Flow Wetland to Treat Glycol-Contaminated Stormwater from Aircraft De-Icing Operations." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.053.

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Abstract All of the pollutants found in stormwater runoff at airports, including surface and aircraft de-icing/anti-icing glycols, can be treated and removed to low levels in well-designed sub-surface flow (SSF) constructed wetland systems. There are two common forms of constructed wetlands used for pollution control: those where water flows over the surface among wetland plants (free water surface or marsh type wetlands); and SSF types where the wastewater flows below the normally dry surface of a gravel substrate in which the wetland plants grow. SSF wetlands have no open water to attract waterfowl and are particularly suitable for use at airports. Of the glycol used at Edmonton International Airport (EIA), 80 to 90% eventually entered surface runoff. Edmonton International Airport's operator, the Edmonton Regional Airports Authority (Edmonton Airports) evaluated a number of glycol management options, including constructed wetlands. As a result, a very large SSF wetland system was installed to handle glycol-contaminated stormwater. This paper reviews results of a feasibility study carried out to define design parameters and scale up kinetics for this wetland system, the detailed design that resulted, the SSF wetland's construction, and the start-up of the Edmonton facilities in August of 2000. It also compares the Edmonton wetland system with a similar facility at Heathrow Airport in the United Kingdom.
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Peng, Yan Dong, and Jing Yue Wang. "Study on the Loss and Degradation and Sustainable Development Countermeasures of the Coastal Wetlands in Qinhuangdao." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1016.

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Qinhuangdao coastal wetland is the distribution of China's most representative of the sandy coastal wetlands, and its main wetland types are sandy coast wetland, rocky coast wetland, estuarine wetland, lake wetland, shallow sea wetland and artificial wetland. Under the influence of natural factors and human factors, coastal wetlands degradation constantly. Land reclamation, city and port development, pollution, coastal erosion and excessive use of coastal biologic resource are considered as the main factors to the degradation of the coastal wetlands. Based on the analysis the main factors contributing to the loss and degradation of the coastal wetlands and the characteristics of wetland degradation, sustainable development countermeasures are suggested in this paper.
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Gil-Márquez, José Manuel, Bartolomé Andreo, and Matías Mudarra. "Comparative Analysis of Runoff and Evaporation Assessment Methods to Evaluate Wetland–Groundwater Interaction in Mediterranean Evaporitic-Karst Aquatic Ecosystem." Water 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111482.

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This work compares the applicability of several free-surface evaporation and runoff equations in simulating water level variations of small Mediterranean wetlands. The Amarga and Jarales wetland are two pilot sites with an evaporite-karst genesis located in southern Spain. The water level was continuously recorded in both wetlands, and exhaustive weather monitoring was performed. The combined datasets have permitted quantification of the surficial elements of their water budget (precipitation, runoff, and evaporation). Several campaigns of groundwater level measurements were also done to characterize the direction of groundwater flows. The morphometrical analysis of the Jarales wetland was accurately performed based on a LiDAR dataset. A total of 225 limnimetric simulations of the Jarales (90) and Amarga (135) wetlands were performed, combining different evaporation and runoff equations. During the study period, the curve number method, coupled with the Penman equation, reached the Jarales wetland’s best calibrations. The Vardavas–Fountoulakis modification of the Penman model fit better with the Amarga wetland record. The obtained results permit specification of the water budget of both wetlands during several years and confirm that the groundwater–surface water relationship affects the wetland hydric dynamic to different degrees. Nonetheless, the limnimetric models were calibrated for a short period, including dry years, making it necessary to extend the control period longer and validate the models under different hydroclimatic conditions. Finally, the differences between wetland functioning are explained in a conceptual hydrological model that can be useful for wetland conservation and management of related aquatic ecosystems. The understanding of the origin and fate of water in wetlands permits assessment of how future scenarios would affect hydric functioning and suggests adequate conservation measurements.
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Boutilier, Leah, Rob Jamieson, Robert Gordon, and Craig Lake. "Transport of Lithium Tracer and E. coli in Agricultural Wastewater Treatment Wetlands." Water Quality Research Journal 43, no. 2-3 (May 1, 2008): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.017.

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Abstract Agricultural waste must be managed effectively to protect surface and groundwater resources, as well as human health. Constructed wetlands can provide a low-cost environmentally acceptable method for the treatment of agricultural wastewater. An ionic tracer (Lithium chloride [LiCl]) and a biotracer (a naladixic acid-resistant strain of Escherichia coli) were injected into six pilot-scale constructed wetlands treating dairy wastewater: three surface-flow (SF) wetlands and three subsurfaceflow (SSF) wetlands. Each wetland was 3.9-m long and 1.7-m wide. Residence time distribution functions were calculated for each wetland to investigate the hydraulic behaviour of each system during winter and summer conditions. During the summer study, the mean residence times for SF wetlands 2, 4, and 6 were 12, 16, and 14 days, respectively, while the mean residence time for SSF wetlands 1, 3, and 5 were 23, 18, and 22 days, respectively. The longitudinal dispersion coefficients were in the order of 10-6 m2 s-1 for each wetland during the summer and winter. The mean residence time for SF wetlands 2, 4, and 6 during the winter study were 8, 10, and 10 days, respectively, while the mean residence time for SSF wetlands 1, 3, and 5 were 8, 9, and 10 days, respectively. E. coli effluent peaks often occurred prior to Li peaks, suggesting that bacteria may be motile within the wetland environment. This study suggests that dispersion is an important mass transport process in both SF and SSF wetlands. Long-term operation of SF and SSF treatment wetlands may cause reduced retention times and treatment efficiency due to organic matter accumulation and channelling. Cold winter temperatures may also increase the survival of bacteria within treatment wetland systems, decreasing the wetland's ability to reduce bacteria concentrations during the winter months.
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King, Andrew C., Cynthia A. Mitchell, and Tony Howes. "Hydraulic tracer studies in a pilot scale subsurface flow constructed wetland." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0195.

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Current design procedures for Subsurface Flow (SSF) Wetlands are based on the simplifying assumptions of plug flow and first order decay of pollutants. These design procedures do yield functional wetlands but result in over-design and inadequate descriptions of the pollutant removal mechanisms which occur within them. Even though these deficiencies are often noted, few authors have attempted to improve modelling of either flow or pollutant removal in such systems. Consequently the Oxley Creek Wetland, a pilot scale SSF wetland designed to enable rigorous monitoring, has recently been constructed in Brisbane, Australia. Tracer studies have been carried out in order to determine the hydraulics of this wetland prior to commissioning it with settled sewage. The tracer studies will continue during the wetland's commissioning and operational phases. These studies will improve our understanding of the hydraulics of newly built SSF wetlands and the changes brought on by operational factors such as biological films and wetland plant root structures. Results to date indicate that the flow through the gravel beds is not uniform and cannot be adequately modelled by a single parameter, plug flow with dispersion, model. We have developed a multiparameter model, incorporating four plug flow reactors, which provides a better approximation of our experimental data. With further development this model will allow improvements to current SSF wetland design procedures and operational strategies, and will underpin investigations into the pollutant removal mechanisms at the Oxley Creek Wetland.
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Packiam, Thomas Michael Antony, T. Prakasam, and J. Buruno Leona. "Multivariate Analysis of Macroinvertebrate Diversity and Water Quality in the Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 23 (December 21, 2024): 169–76. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i234697.

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The Suchindram Theroor wetland complex in Tamil Nadu is part of the ecologically significant wetlands, serving as a vital biodiversity hotspot and supporting diverse aquatic and terrestrial species. Despite its importance, this wetland faces severe ecological stress due to extensive anthropogenic pressures, including mining activities, agricultural runoff, and urbanization. This study investigates the wetland’s ecological health through analysis of aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and water quality. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using the kick-net method across three selected stations in September 2024. A total of 372 individuals were identified, encompassing 21 taxa, 17 families, and 10 orders, primarily representing the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Annelida. Arthropods, particularly Diploneoceus sp. dominated the community structure. Simpson, Shannon and Evenness indices revealed moderate biodiversity, indicating environmental stress and habitat disturbance. The integration of multivariate techniques, including Correspondence Analysis (CA), revealed significant correlations between macroinvertebrate diversity and water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH and nutrient concentrations. Elevated levels of pollutants and habitat alterations were identified as key drivers influencing community composition. These findings underscore the wetland's ecological deterioration and highlight the critical need for effective conservation measures and sustainable management practices. By linking biological indicators with water quality assessments, this study provides valuable insights into the long-term impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on wetland ecosystems, contributing to the global discourse on wetland conservation and restoration.
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Zuo, Jin, and Qin Yan. "Recycling Inter-Feed Relationship between Wetlands’ Protective Using and Eco-Town Construction." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1085.

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As the wetlands has decreased and degenerated badly due to human’s excessive use, it becomes to be a hotspot in international academe’s forefield to resume and rebuild wetlands. Simply opposing protection to using can effectively ease up the stress of wetland’s degradation in a short term, but is disadvantageous to wetland’s sustainable development. This article takes Tianjin Qilihai wetland as example, aiming at its existing problems, sums up two kinds of infection genes – exterior representation and interior motivation, and intensively analyzes the sticking point from three aspects – economic, acknowledgement and mechanism. It suggests that basing on the idea of accretion and co-prosperity, we can divide wetland area into three zone – core zone, buffer zone and experimental zone, and then let the interior dispersive inhabitants and production activities move out to the intensively constructed eco-town. Thus we can make scientific use of wetland’s economical value and promote circumjacent industries’ transformation. Moreover, by the recycling use of water on a model of source separation combined with wetland classification, the quantity of regenerated water would reach 18.25 million cubic meters. By the Low Impact Development (LID) strategies in the control and use of rainfall and flood, the quantity of rainwater for use would reach 8.62 million cubic meters per year. In this way, the wetlands’ ecological conservation would obtain regurgitation-feeding, the construction of eco-town would be organically combined with protection and using of wetlands, and an effective system of wetlands’ sustainable development and using would be established.
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Li, Yangli, Gaoyuan Wang, Tian Chen, and Erli Zeng. "Spatial Planning Strategies for Wetlands Based on a Multimethod Approach: The Example of Tianjin in China." Water 15, no. 19 (September 25, 2023): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15193356.

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Wetlands form a crucial component of ecosystems, and wetland restoration serves as an effective strategy for promoting sustainable urban development. Spatial support is essential for wetland restoration, meaning that research on wetland spatial planning is of considerable importance. Existing studies on wetland spatial planning primarily focus on the analysis of wetland spatial distribution characteristics, with limited exploration of wetland spatial relationships. This paper aims to explore the potential of utilizing both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships to identify wetland spatial issues, thereby facilitating the formulation of wetland spatial planning strategies. Using Tianjin City as a case study, this research applies nearest neighbor analysis, the geographic concentration index, the Gini index, and kernel density analysis to identify the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands in Tianjin. Additionally, spatial autocorrelation analysis and connectivity analysis are employed to identify the interrelationships among wetlands in Tianjin. Based on the results derived from the analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships, wetland spatial planning strategies are proposed. The effectiveness of these strategies is validated using methods that consider both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships. The findings reveal that, although wetlands in Tianjin are widely distributed, large wetland patches are primarily concentrated in areas with abundant water resources, while the six districts within the city have few or no large patches of wetlands. The spatial distribution of wetlands is highly uneven, exhibiting patterns of high–high aggregation and low–low aggregation. The number of connecting paths between wetland patches is relatively low, indicating a generally low overall connectivity. While medium-sized and larger wetland patches maintain the connectivity of existing wetlands in Tianjin, small wetlands that serve as stepping stones are lacking. Following the implementation of planning strategies, there would be an increase in the wetland area in Tianjin, accompanied by significant improvements in the spatial distribution pattern and spatial relationships of the wetlands.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wetland"

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Lin, Wai-tung. "Created wetlands in Shing Mun River, Sha Tin." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950861.

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Johnson, Patricia Ann. "The status of freshwater compensatory wetland migration in Washington State." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2004. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Johnson_PAMESThesis2004.pdf.

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Balcombe, Collins K. "An evaluation of vegetation and wildlife communities in mitigation and natural wetlands of West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2857.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 417 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Krzys, Bethaney L. "Remote identification of wetlands in Mahoning and Trumbull County, Ohio." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1227650462.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 22, 2009). Advisor: Mandy Munro-Stasiuk. Keywords: remote sensing, wetland, wetland identification, GIS. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-161).
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Holt, Courtney R. Folkerts Debbie R. "A floristic study of Weaver Creek Wetland, Santa Rosa County, Florida." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Biological_Sciences/Thesis/Holt_Courtney_38.pdf.

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Ryan, Christopher R. "Geotechnical investigation of Montrose wetland site." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3723.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 191 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119).
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Sherrill, Ursula Rose. "The restoration of wetland functions at the Rio Bosque Wetlands Park in El Paso, Texas, USA." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Alsfeld, Amy J. "The effects of amendments and landscape position on the biotic community of constructed depressional wetlands." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 118 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1251902791&Fmt=7&clientId=79356&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Chan, Chung-san. "The future of the Deep Bay Wetlands, Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18735927.

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Clouston, Elizabeth M. "Linking the ecological and economic values of wetlands a case study of the wetlands of Moreton Bay /." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030828.140330/.

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Books on the topic "Wetland"

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Garbisch, Edgar W. Highways & wetlands: Compensating wetland losses. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Offices of Research & Development, 1986.

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Garbisch, Edgar W. Highways & wetlands: Compensating wetland losses. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Offices of Research & Development, 1986.

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Garbisch, Edgar W. Highways & wetlands: Compensating wetland losses. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Offices of Research & Development, 1986.

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Garbisch, Edgar W. Highways & wetlands: Compensating wetland losses. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Offices of Research & Development, 1986.

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Garbisch, Edgar W. Highways & wetlands: Compensating wetland losses. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Offices of Research & Development, 1986.

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Zinn, Jeffrey A. Wetland issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2003.

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Claudia, Copeland, and Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service., eds. Wetland issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1997.

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Zinn, Jeffrey A. Wetland issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2000.

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VanDeWalle, Terry J. Evaluation of the Iowa Department of Transportation's compensatory wetland mitigation program. [Ames, Iowa: Iowa Dept. of Transportation], 2004.

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Group, Malaysian Wetland Working, ed. Malaysian wetland directory. Kuala Lumpur, (Malaysia): Dept. of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wetland"

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Vest, Josh L., David A. Haukos, Neal D. Niemuth, Casey M. Setash, James H. Gammonley, James H. Devries, and David K. Dahlgren. "Waterfowl and Wetland Birds." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 417–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_13.

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AbstractThe future of wetland bird habitat and populations is intrinsically connected with the conservation of rangelands in North America. Many rangeland watersheds are source drainage for some of the highest functioning extant wetlands. The Central and Pacific Flyways have significant overlap with available rangelands in western North America. Within these flyways, the importance of rangeland management has become increasingly recognized by those involved in wetland bird conservation. Within the array of wetland bird species, seasonal habitat needs are highly variable. During the breeding period, nest survival is one of the most important drivers of population growth for many wetland bird species and rangelands often provide quality nesting cover. Throughout spring and fall, rangeland wetlands provide key forage resources that support energetic demands needed for migration. In some areas, stock ponds developed for livestock water provide migration stopover and wintering habitat, especially in times of water scarcity. In the Intermountain West, drought combined with water demands from agriculture and human population growth are likely headed to an ecological tipping point for wetland birds and their habitat in the region. In the Prairie Pothole Region, conversion of rangeland and draining of wetlands for increased crop production remains a significant conservation issue for wetland birds and other wildlife. In landscapes dominated by agricultural production, rangelands provide some of the highest value ecosystem services, including water quality and wetland function. Recent research has shown livestock grazing, if managed properly, is compatible and at times beneficial to wetland bird habitat needs. Either directly, or indirectly, wetland bird populations and their habitat needs are supported by healthy rangelands. In the future, rangeland and wetland bird managers will benefit from increased collaboration to aid in meeting ultimate conservation objectives.
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Wu, Linjing, and Zhenmin Zhou. "Study on Evolution and Prediction of the Yellow River Estuary Wetland." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 255–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7251-3_22.

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AbstractEstuary wetland, as an independent “living body”, has the process of geographical evolution, i.e. juvenile stages (juvenile), maturation stage (adult) and aging stage (later). Taking the Yellow River estuary wetland as a case study, this paper calculates the evolution stages of the estuary wetland by using the area-elevation integral curve and fractal theory. The following conclusions are obtained. (1) In the juvenile stage, the basin erosion are strong, estuary wetland develops quickly due to high sediment transport into the estuary area. When the basin geomorphology develops to the adult stage, the river sediment transport is stable, the estuary wetland area continues to expand at a stable speed. In the later stage, erosion from the river basin weakens, the river sediment transport decreases, the sediment transport to the estuary wetland decreases, and the wetland begins to shrink gradually. (2) Human activities directly affect the ecological environment of estuary wetlands and shorten the evolution process of estuary wetlands. (3) According to the temporal and spatial variation trend calculation on Yellow River estuary wetland, the total area of wetland in 2025 will be 2518.4 km2, of which natural wetland accounts for 1252.8 km2, the area of constructed wetland accounts for 1265.6 km2. Natural wetland begins to shrink. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect the natural wetland in the Yellow River Delta, to control the development of constructed wetland reasonably, and to realize the sustainable development of wetland ecological environment in the Yellow River Delta.
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Martelliano, Vito, and Nicoletta Denaro. "Visibility analysis in wetland protection processes." In Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques, 409–19. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.37.

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The environmental and ecosystem values of wetland are maintained through standardized methods, monitoring ecological ed ecosystems aspects like quality of water bodies, the presence or abundance of species and so on. However, protection initiatives sometimes prove to be insufficient in effectively reducing anthropogenic pressures like intensive agricultural areas, infrastructure, urban settlements and industrial sites. Their presence affects effectively and from a perceptive point of view the landscape of the wetlands. In order to reduce visibility fragmentations of wetlands landscapes, the introduction of the perception analysis in wetland conservation processes could guarantee the integral protection of unique value of wetlands landscape. The visibility analysis method is based on the visual perception: intervisibility maps are created using GIS tools the proposed methodology has been applied to the case study of the southeastern Sicilian wetlands, whose landscape value is highly threatened by human actions.
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Kiker, Clyde F., and Gary D. Lynne. "Wetland Values and Valuing Wetlands." In Ecology and Management of Tidal MarshesA Model from the Gulf of Mexico, 259–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003579113-11.

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Butt, Maryam Akram, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmed, Shabnum Shaheen, and Shazia Sultana. "Wetland and Wetland Plants." In Wetland Plants, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69258-2_1.

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Tatu, Ketan S., and James T. Anderson. "Wetland Creation: A Strategy for Mitigating Wetland Loss by Restoring Wetlands to Landscapes." In Wetland Science, 491–500. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3715-0_25.

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Tatu, Ketan S., and James T. Anderson. "An Introduction to Wetland Science and South Asian Wetlands." In Wetland Science, 3–30. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3715-0_1.

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Gibeaut, James C., Jessica Magolan, Pu Huang, and Paul A. Montagna. "Coastal Wetland Habitats in Texas." In Estuaries of the World, 221–30. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70882-4_9.

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AbstractCoastal wetlands rely on freshwater inflow for two reasons: the water itself that is needed by plant foundation species and the sediment that helps to build wetland habitats. There is a climatic gradient along the Texas coast with decreasing rain and inflow from the northeast to the southwest. Along this gradient, the percentage contribution of freshwater requiring habitats, for example, saltwater marsh, decreases. In contrast, freshwater-sensitive habitats, for example, seagrass and tidal flats, increase along the climatic gradient with drier conditions.
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Butt, Maryam Akram, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmed, Shabnum Shaheen, and Shazia Sultana. "Types of Wetland and Wetland Plants." In Wetland Plants, 35–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69258-2_3.

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Dini, John, and Umesh Bahadur. "South Africa’s National Wetland Rehabilitation Programme: Working for Wetlands." In The Wetland Book, 1–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6172-8_145-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wetland"

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Tumova, Tereza. "THE REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 123–30. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s11.17.

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This article discusses phosphorus precipitation in constructed wetlands, which are effective at removing pollutants from wastewater, except for phosphorus. The PAX-18 coagulant was used to enhance phosphorus removal. Precipitation equipment was installed in three wetlands, each with different technological arrangements. In two of the wetlands, a gradual dosing of coagulant was implemented, while in the third, a single dose of 200 litres was applied. Dosing was based on the average phosphorus influx, with samples taken at various intervals and analysed in the laboratory using cuvette tests. In the first constructed wetland, the average concentration of total phosphorus in the precipitation section was 1.8 mg ? L-1 lower than in the section without precipitation, representing a 28% increase in efficiency. In the second wetland, the total phosphorus concentration was 1.0 mg ? L-1 lower than during periods without precipitation. In the third constructed wetland, the concentration of total phosphorus decreased by 0.2 mg ? L-1 due to phosphorus precipitation, while the average concentration of total phosphorus discharged from the wetland was 0.05 mg ? L -1, resulting in an overall efficiency of up to 98%. As phosphorus is a biogenic element, its concentration in the aquatic environment, exacerbated by climate change, causes major problems, such as eutrophication. Therefore, it is crucial to begin effectively removing phosphorus from wastewater.
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Alia, Febrinasti, Puteri Kusuma Wardhani, Sarino Sarino, and Agus Lestari Yuono. "Study of Retention Time Variation on Constructed Wetland Performance for Kitchen Wastewater Treatment." In Sriwijaya International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2023, 13–23. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-cads0d.

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Constructed wetlands are intentionally created systems designed to emphasize specific characteristics of wetland ecosystems to improve landscape, retain stormwater, and enhance its quality. The application of this system has been widely used in several countries as this system is low-cost and sustainable. The treatment performance of constructed wetlands critically relies on the optimal operating parameters, including hydraulic retention time. This prompted the implementation of this study to analyze the effectiveness of retention time variation on constructed wetland performance for domestic wastewater treatment plant. The design of the constructed wetland in this research uses Free Water Surface (FWS) or Surface Flow (SF) system using sand, gravel, and water hyacinth. Domestic wastewater from a local restaurant was used as the sample for this research. The initial kitchen wastewater concentration from the restaurant does not meet the effluent standard by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.68/2016. Data analysis shows a significant decrease in all pollutant parameters after 24 hours of retention time. The initial condition of BOD 1931 mg/L has been reduced to 25.12 mg/L with 98.69% efficiency. The initial condition of TSS 1200 mg/L has been reduced to 29 mg/L with 97.58% efficiency. The oil and grease concentration of 227.5 mg/L has been reduced to 1 mg/L with 99.5% efficiency. At the same time, the initial condition of COD 1356 mg/L has been reduced to 73.29 mg/L with 94.6% efficiency.
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Lian, Zheng, Yu Liu, Jin-Zhong Li, and Zheng-Long Jiang. "Spatial Distribution of Wetland Plants of Saltmarsh Wetlands and its Dem Dependence—Taking Yancheng Wetland in China as an Example." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 5512–15. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640771.

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Anokye, Matilda, Mulham Fawakherji, and Leila Hashemi-Beni. "Flood Resilience Through Advanced Wetland Prediction." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 5516–20. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641585.

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Smrekar, Aleš, and Katarina Polajnar Horvat. "IMPLEMENTING PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE IN WETLAND MANAGEMENT: THE SEČOVLJE SALINA NATURE PARK, SLOVENIA." In Book of Abstracts and Contributed Papers, 49–50. Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/csge5.30as.

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Wetlands are dynamic ecosystems with significant ecological, social, and economic importance, often facing degradation due to human activities. The study introduces the concept of a Wetland Contract, a voluntary agreement aimed at ensuring sustainable wetland management through stakeholder participation. The Sečovlje Salina Nature Park serves as a case study to demonstrate this approach. The study follows a structured methodology comprising two main stages: preparation and implementation. The preparation stage includes analyzing the regulatory framework, describing the pilot area, and conducting a stakeholder analysis. The implementation stage involves organizing Territorial Labs, scenario planning, and developing the Wetland Contract. The Territorial Labs were public meetings designed to establish participatory governance, adapted to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The project targeted around 200 potential stakeholders in the hinterland of Sečovlje Salina Nature Park, with 34 participating in the Territorial Labs and 16 signing the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The MoU, a less binding form of the Wetland Contract, focused on systematic cross-sectoral participation to address conflicts between stakeholders with varying interests. The study highlighted the importance of stakeholder education and engagement, revealing that many stakeholders had limited knowledge and experience with inclusive governance processes. The study encountered challenges such as stakeholder unfamiliarity with the Wetland Contract concept and limited digital access, which excluded some groups from participation. Despite these obstacles, the participatory approach successfully facilitated dialogue and cooperation among stakeholders, demonstrating potential for broader applications in wetland governance. The study concludes that the Wetland Contract method, implemented through a participatory and inclusive approach, can effectively enhance wetland management. The Sečovlje Salina Nature Park case study illustrates the method’s potential to reconcile environmental protection with economic and social interests. The methodology’s adaptability to different contexts and its emphasis on stakeholder involvement make it a promising model for wetland governance in various regions.
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Nelson, Tejus, Nithya John, and Sree Lekshmi G S. "INTEGRATED WETLAND-BIOFUEL CELL FOR SEAFOOD EFFLUENT MANAGEMENT." In Second International Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet, 17–26. AIJR Publisher, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.179.3.

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The increasing industrialization has led to environmental pollution due to high quantity of emission of effluents to the natural resources. The main purpose of this research effort is to develop a waste treatment method for seafood industries waste management and also to produce electricity by introducing a developing technology i.e., constructed wetland coupled with a biofuel cell. Constructed wetlands are engineered systems mimicking natural wetlands for wastewater treatment. They utilize water, aquatic plants (like water hyacinth), native microorganisms, and filter beds (sand, soil, or gravel). Biofuel cells, a rapidly growing green technology, harness microorganisms to convert the chemical energy in organic matter into electricity while simultaneously treating wastewater. This paper focused on characterizing the influent from seafood processing. Various tests were conducted on the effluent before and after treatment with the constructed wetland-biofuel cell system. These tests analyzed factors like pH, alkalinity, hardness, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and conductivity. The Seafood effluent treatment proposed using this technology highly minimize the operational cost, energy utilisation and reduction in effluent discharges with high organic concentrations into the natural resources. Post the treatments the effluents can be released directly into natural resources or can be used for gardening, agriculture, planting etc.
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Das, Nirupam, and Surabhi Mehrotra. "Wetlands in Urban Contexts: A Case of Bhoj Wetland." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554693.

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GRINBERGA, Linda, and Ainis LAGZDINS. "NUTRIENT RETENTION IN SURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND IN AGRICULTURAL LAND IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.179.

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The research site consists of a pilot-scale surface flow constructed wetland at the farm Mezaciruli located in Zalenieki County, Jelgava Region, in the middle part of Latvia. The constructed wetland was installed in June 2014 to improve water quality in agricultural catchment and examine nutrient retention at the constructed wetland receiving surface and drainage runoff. The constructed wetland’s surface area of 0.37 ha corresponds to 0.5 % of the total catchment area. During the observation period of 32 months (2014-2017) water quality parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored twice a month using a grab sample approach. Retention efficiency for monitored water quality parameters was calculated based on their concentrations at the inlet and outlet. The monitoring results obtained during this study showed a reduction within the constructed wetland for all examined parameters. The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 13 %, 15 % and 16 %, respectively. PO4-P and TP concentrations were reduced on average by 38 % and 36 %, respectively. Total suspended solids were reduced by 31% at the outlet of the constructed wetland. However, in some cases, an increase in nutrient concentrations in water leaving the constructed wetland was observed. Therefore, there is a need for further research to investigate causes of such increase.
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Shahkhali, Seyede Mohadese Hatami, Shahram Sharifi Hashjin, Farzane Nasiri Jan Agha, and Habib Mahmoodi Chenari. "Factors Affecting Land Use Change Around the Anzali Wetland and the Challenges Ahead." In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.3.

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Changes in land use and destruction of natural covers lead to disturbances in the ecosystem and a decrease in biodiversity. In recent years, climate change, agricultural, industrial, and tourism activities, land use changes around the wetland, and the occurrence of eutrophication phenomena have brought this valuable ecosystem to the brink of destruction. The Anzali wetland complex is located near the city of Bandar Anzali in Guilan province in northern Iran, along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The aim of this study is to identify and monitor changes in land use over the past two decades, as well as to determine and analyze the influential factors on land use changes around the Anzali wetland in order to develop management plans to reduce the negative effects of land use changes by providing logical solutions to prevent economic, social, environmental, and livelihood damages in this area. In this study, by preparing a land use map of a 20-year period of the study area and modeling land use and cover changes in the Anzali wetland basin, effective parameters in land use changes were identified, analyzed, and introduced. This study has depicted land use changes from 2000 to 2020. The images are classified into agricultural lands, wetlands, forests, water bodies, residential areas, and barren lands. Landsat images from 2000, 2008, and 2020 were used. The outputs of the processing are LULC images, which show the extent of land use changes based on the information obtained from these images. The results of the spatial image comparison show that in the period of 2000-2020, wetland areas have changed by -29.3%, grasslands by 37.4%, agricultural lands by 15%, residential lands by 183%, forests by 40.1%, water bodies by -28.4%, and barren lands by 15.1%. Finally, the villages around the wetland, which have undergone the most changes, were identified.
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Vargova, Alena, and Marian Vertal. "From the wetland to the wetland roof." In 14TH CONFERENCE OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING FOR PHD STUDENTS AND YOUNG SCIENTISTS: YOUNG SCIENTIST 2022 (YS22). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0158698.

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Reports on the topic "Wetland"

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Ladig, Kathryn, Rebecca Molinari, Kayla Smith, Trevor H. Schlossnagle, J. Lucy Jordan, Diane Menuz, Janae Wallace, Hugh Hurlow, Paul C. Inkenbrandt, and Christian Hardwick. Matheson Wetlands Preserve Water Monitoring, Water Budget, Wetland Mapping, and Wetland Change Analysis. Utah Geological Survey, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.34191/ss-174.

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The Scott and Norma Matheson Wetlands Preserve (“the Preserve”) is a rare riparian environment in the Colorado River corridor and a popular recreation area adjacent to Moab, Utah. We undertook this study to better understand the hydrologic system of the wetlands and a brine layer that underlies fresh water within the boundaries of the Preserve. We calculated a water budget for the Preserve using field measurements, remote sensing, and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Soil-Water Balance Model, version 2, for water years 2017 to 2022. We used transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys, electromagnetic-induction (EMI) logging, and groundwater chemistry analyses to constrain the location and origins of the brine. We improved our understanding of the intersection between the dual-density hydrologic system and the ecology by mapping the vegetation and conducting remote-sensing analyses of the Preserve. Field work took place from February 2021 to June 2023.
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Stimmel, Elisabeth, Peter Goodwin, and Diane Menuz. Updated Wetland Mapping in Cache County. Utah Geological Survey, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/c-133.

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The Utah Geological Survey (UGS) recently updated wetland mapping in Cache County to provide accurate spatial data for responsible urban growth and resource management. The updated mapping identifies wetlands, waterbodies, and riparian areas as part of the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) dataset and includes new, more detailed information. The updated mapping can be viewed on the NWI Wetlands Mapper or the Utah Wetlands Mapper (see Additional Resources).
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Goodwin, Peter, and Rebecca Molinari. Cache Valley Wetland Mapping: Supplemental Report. Utah Geological Survey, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-744.

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This report summarizes a recently completed mapping project in Cache County that had three components: mapping wetland and riparian areas to update National Wetland Inventory (NWI) mapping; applying additional Landscape Position, Landform, Water Flow path, and Waterbody Type (LLWW) attributes to enhance utility and information provided by the new mapping; and developing landscape-scale models identifying likely functions provided by wetlands across the entire project area. The project area and extent of the mapping effort covers 533,000 acres of the county and includes the entire Cache Valley as well as parts of the Blacksmith Fork, Logan River, and High Creek watersheds in the Bear River Range. The project area includes most wetland areas in Cache County and the wetlands most likely affected by agricultural and urban development.
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Berkowitz, Jacob. Quantifying functional increases across a large-scale wetland restoration chronosequence. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41500.

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Over 300,000 ha of forested wetlands have undergone restoration within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region. Restored forest successional stage varies, providing opportunities to document wetland functional increases across a large-scale restoration chronosequence using the Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach. Results from >600 restored study sites spanning a 25-year chronosequence indicate that: 1) wetland functional assessment variables increased toward reference conditions; 2) restored wetlands generally follow expected recovery trajectories; and 3) wetland functions display significant improvements across the restoration chronosequence. A functional lag between restored areas and mature reference wetlands persists in most instances. However, a subset of restored sites have attained mature reference wetland conditions in areas approaching or exceeding tree diameter and canopy closure thresholds. Study results highlight the importance of site selection and the benefits of evaluating a suite of wetland functions in order to identify appropriate restoration success milestones and design monitoring programs. For example, wetland functions associated with detention of precipitation (a largely physical process) rapidly increased under post restoration conditions, while improvements in wetland habitat functions (associated with forest establishment and maturation) required additional time. As the wetland science community transitions towards larger scale restoration efforts, effectively quantifying restoration functional improvements will become increasingly important.
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McBride, Wendy, Dave Kesonie, Emily Thorn, Dave Kesonie, Wendy McBride, and Emily Thorn. Spring wetland flora inventory?Curecanti National Recreation Area: Survey report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305289.

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This report provides the results from the 2021 spring wetland flora inventory at Curecanti National Recreation Area. In total, seven National Park Service units within the Northern Colorado Plateau Network determined the need to evaluate and map spring and wetland condition based on the presence/absence of perennial obligate and facultative wetland plant species known to occur in the parks. Mapping spring and wetland areas for each park provides a baseline measure of areas sensitive to drying that can be used to monitor change over time. The overall objective of the project was to establish a baseline for the area and condition of wetlands, seeps, and springs to provide supporting evidence for any future claims of impairment resulting from groundwater management actions. Survey results at Curecanti National Recreation Area identified and inventoried springs and wetlands at 11 of 27 surveyed sites. Additionally, seven Neversink cottonwood gallery survey sites were visited, with associated wetlands mapped and wetland vegetation sampled. This report summarizes the results at these 18 total sites, including spring type identification, dominant herbaceous plant species present, average plant cover, wildlife sign frequency and observation, and wetland feature map figures.
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Keller, Adrienne Blair, and Stephen Dwight Handler. Carbon in non-forested wetlands of the Midwest and Eastern United States: a primer. [Houghton, Michigan]: USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8633527.ch.

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Wetlands make up a small percentage of total land area in the United States, but they store a disproportionate amount of carbon largely due to their unique hydrology. Wetlands of the Midwest and Eastern regions are comprised of both mineral soil wetlands and organic soil wetlands (peatlands) and store a significant proportion of all wetland carbon in the contiguous United States. This primer provides a basic summary of how carbon is stored and moves through these wetlands and how climate change and management may interact with site conditions to alter wetland carbon cycling
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McBride, Wendy, Dave Tacheeni Kesonie, Emily Thorn, Wendy McBride, Dave Tacheeni Kesonie, and Emily Thorn. Spring wetland flora inventory?Colorado National Monument survey report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305615.

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This report provides the results from the 2021 spring wetland flora inventory at Colorado National Monument. In total, seven National Park Service units within the Northern Colorado Plateau Network determined the need to evaluate and map spring and wetland condition based on the presence/absence of perennial obligate and facultative wetland plant species known to occur in the parks. Mapping spring and wetland areas for each park provides a baseline measure of areas sensitive to drying that can be used to monitor change over time. The overall objective of the project was to establish a baseline for the area and condition of wetlands, seeps, and springs to provide supporting evidence for any future claims of impairment resulting from groundwater management actions. Survey results at Colorado National Monument identified and inventoried springs and wetlands at 14 of 17 surveyed sites. This report summarizes the results at these 14 sites, including spring type identification, dominant herbaceous plant species present, average plant cover, wildlife sign frequency and observation, and wetland feature map figures.
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Styles, Richard, David W. Perkey, S. Jarrell Smith, Duncan B. Bryant, Joseph Z. Gailani, and Brandon M. Boyd. Hydrodynamics of a recently restored coastal wetland : Hamilton Wetlands, California. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/37313.

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McBride, Wendy, Dave Kesonie, and Emily Thorne. Spring wetland flora inventory ? Bryce Canyon National Park: Survey report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303819.

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This report provides the results from the 2021 and 2022 spring wetland flora inventory at Bryce Canyon National Park. In total, seven National Park Service units within the Northern Colorado Plateau Network determined the need to evaluate and map spring and wetland condition based on the presence/absence of perennial obligate and facultative wetland plant species known to occur in the parks. Mapping spring and wetland areas for each park provides a baseline measure of areas sensitive to drying that can be used to monitor change over time. The overall objective of the project was to establish a baseline for the area and condition of wetlands, seeps, and springs to provide supporting evidence for any future claims of impairment resulting from groundwater management actions. Survey results at Bryce Canyon National Park identified and inventoried springs and wetlands at 13 of 20 survey sites. This report summarizes the results at these 13 sites, including spring type identification, dominant herbaceous plant species present, average plant cover, wildlife sign frequency and observation, and wetland feature map figures.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Gabrielle David, and Kyle Gordon. Technical guide for the development, evaluation, and modification of wetland rapid assessment methods for the Corps Regulatory Program. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46932.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) Regulatory Program considers the loss (decrease) and gain (improvement) of wetland functions as part of Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting and compensatory mitigation decisions. To better inform this regulatory decision-making, the Regulatory program needs accurate, transparent, objective, and defensible approaches to assess the function and condition of wetlands. Additionally, wetland assessments must balance the need for objective decision-making with the concurrent need to make Regulatory program decisions in a timely manner. Consequently, it is often necessary to assess wetlands using rapidly attainable proxy measures of ecological function or condition by evaluating a suite of metrics that represent structural and compositional attributes of a wetland. In response, this document describes a set of guidelines to effectively develop, evaluate, and modify wetland assessment methods, specifically for the Corps Regulatory Program.
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