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Journal articles on the topic 'Wetland biodiversity conservation'
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1
Maltchik, L., AS Rolon, and C. Stenert. "Aquatic macrophyte and macroinvertebrate diversity and conservation in wetlands of the Sinos River basin." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 suppl (December 2010): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600007.
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Wetlands are important sites for biological conservation because they support rich biodiversity and present high productivity. Species-area relationship is an important tool in conservation planning and it has been extensively used for wetland management. This study had as aims: (1) to analyse macrophyte and macroinvertebrate diversity in the fragmented wetlands of the Sinos River basin; and (2) to investigate whether wetland areas could work as a tool for selecting the important habitats for biodiversity conservation. Throughout the study, 56 species of macrophytes and 57taxa of macroinvertebrates were identified. Macrophyte richness was related to the wetland area, but macroinvertebrate richness, however, was not related to the wetland area. The macrophyte and macroinvertebrate composition were not related to the wetland area. Species composition varied between the regions of the basin and the difference in the species composition occurred mainly by the distribution of macroinvertebrates. With regard to the biodiversity conservation of the Sinos River basin, the wetland area must not be a priority criterion for choosing the important wetlands for conservation. The environmental policies for biodiversity conservation must include management actions focused also on the protection of small wetlands. Moreover, other criteria should be analysed in further research such as habitat diversity, hydroperiod, geographic distribution and connectivity.
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Arya, Ashish Kumar, Kamal Kant Joshi, Archana Bachheti, and Deepti. "A review on distribution and importance of wetlands in the perspective of India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2412.
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Biodiversity is not equally distributed across the world. It depends on the type of various habitats and food availability. In these habitats, wetlands play an import role to increase the biodiversity of the particular area. Many studies have focused on various habitats to conserve biodiversity. However, the wetland studies are very few due to the lack of information on their distribution and importance. The present review focusses on the wetland status and their importance in India. India has vibrant and diverse wetland ecosystems that support immense biodiversity. The wetlands are unique habitats which provide ecological, social and economic values. However, rapid urbanization, industrialization and uncontrolled agricultural practices have pressurized to shrink the wetlands in India. The present paper highlights the wetland habitats in India with their geographical location, distribution, avian species diversity and their significance. The paper also discusses the growing threats like climate change, land-use change and agriculture/ municipal waste to the wetlands and the conservation efforts by Indian government policies, i.e. National Wetland Conservation Programme, National Environmental Policy, and National Plan for conservation of the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, on the basis of previous studies on wetlands, it is suggested that the role of stakeholders is very much responsible for wetland conservation.
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Alam, Mohammad Zahangeer. "Status of Biodiversity at Wetland Ecosystem of Mohangonj Upazila in Netrakona District." Advances in Ecology 2014 (September 2, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/642450.
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Species in wetlands provide ecosystem services, and protect the sustainable environment for human beings. The wetland biodiversity has been impacted at Mohangonj in Bangladesh due to the development of major environmental threats. The present research is undertaken to report the species status, wetland properties, and major environmental pressures in each wetland ecosystem. Among the recorded species, the total percentage of visible, threatened, endangered, and extinct species was 69.23, 18.62, 10, and 1.92% in these wetland ecosystems, respectively. The highest number of threatened species was found in the wetland of Aizda (29%); the lowest was in Khalaura (8%). The maximum number of endangered species was noted in the wetland of Sonarthal (16%), and the minimum was in Chadra (4%) wetland. Four percent species were in the extinct category at some of the wetland ecosystems. Wetland biodiversity protects wetland ecosystem services and the sustainable environment for species conservation. Continuous monitoring of wetland biodiversity might be helpful for the conservation of species in the wetland ecosystem.
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Bao, Wenhui, Xingyu Zeng, Chunyu Luo, Hongqiang Zhang, Yi Qu, and Nan Xu. "The Relationship between Hydrological Connectivity Changes Inside and Outside Biodiversity Hotspots and Its Implication for Sustainable Environmental Management." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 29, 2022): 6654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116654.
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The conservation management of biodiversity hotspots is of vital significance for biological conservation. For wetlands, which are a special type of ecosystems that are based on water as their main medium, a decline in external hydrological connectivity often leads to wetland degradation inside biodiversity hotspots. In this context, the relationship between hydrological connectivity changes inside and outside hotspots is worth exploring. Based on the wetland biodiversity hotspots identified using systematic conservation planning, this study selected eight representative biodiversity hotspots with concentrated area. Integral index of connectivity, probability of connectivity (representing structural connectivity), and morphological spatial pattern analysis (representing functional connectivity) were used to analyze the hydrological connectivity changes inside various hotspots for 1995–2015. By taking the catchment area involved as the minimum basin perimeter, this study calculated the external hydrological connectivity changes of various hotspots during this period and analyzed the relationship between hydrological connectivity changes inside and outside of hotspots. The internal and external hydrological connectivity of wetland biodiversity hotspots were found to be significantly correlated. Moreover, the internal hydrological connectivity of hotspots not only declined with declining external structural connectivity, but also changed with the proportion of core wetlands, the proportion of edge wetlands, and the proportion of branch corridors. In addition, hotspots located at intersections of high-grade rivers were more significantly affected by climate change than by human activities and their hydrological connectivity increased with increasing rainfall. The internal hydrological connectivity of hotspots near low-grade rivers presented a declining trend, mainly because of human activities. This study clarified the relationship between internal and external hydrological connectivity of wetland biodiversity hotspots. Targeted internal and external control strategies are proposed, with the aim to offer references for the conservation of wetland biodiversity.
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Stenert, Cristina, and Leonardo Maltchik. "Influence of area, altitude and hydroperiod on macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazil wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 11 (2007): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07073.
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Wetlands are important ecosystems in southern Brazil because they show high productivity and biological diversity. However, conservative data indicate that ~90% of the wetlands have disappeared as a result of agricultural expansion. In this sense, the understanding of species composition and richness patterns in fragmented and natural wetlands is a priority for biodiversity conservation strategies. The main goal of the present study was to determine how much variation in macroinvertebrate richness and composition is explained by wetland area, hydroperiod and altitude. This survey was carried out in an extensive area of the Neotropical region (~280000 km2 – southern Brazil) with a large number of wetland systems (72) and covering a wide gradient of altitude and wetland surface area. The macroinvertebrate richness was higher in permanent wetlands than intermittent ones, and intermittent wetlands supported a macroinvertebrate composition that clearly differed from those of permanent wetlands. Macroinvertebrate richness was positively affected by wetland area; however, this relationship was significant only in permanent wetlands. There is a need to promote conservation of all wetland systems in southern Brazil, regardless of their hydroperiod and area. These arguments are essential to develop conservation and management programs of wetlands in this region.
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Adhikari, Jagan Nath, Janak Raj Khatiwada, Dipendra Adhikari, Suman Sapkota, Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, Deepak Rijal, and Lila Nath Sharma. "Comparison of bird diversity in protected and non-protected wetlands of western lowland of Nepal." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 20371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7452.14.1.20371-20386.
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Protected areas are considered important for biodiversity conservation, however, studies have shown that habitats outside protected areas can also support high diversity and are important for biodiversity conservation. In this context, we compared the bird diversity between protected (Rani Taal in Shuklaphanta National Park) and non-protected (Sati Karnali Taal) wetlands in western Nepal. Bird surveys were conducted from February to August 2019, using open width point count method in 100 m intervals along transects. A total of 122 species belonging to 18 orders and 44 families were recorded from the protected wetland, and 107 species belonging to 16 orders and 41 families from the non-protected wetland area. Insectivores had high abundance in both wetlands (43% and 47% in protected and non-protected wetlands, respectively). Forest-dependent birds were more abundant in protected wetland compared to non-protected wetland. Our study showed that both protected and non-protected wetlands along with agricultural landscapes, support a richness of birds. Hence priority should be given to both wetlands for the conservation of birds.
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CIMON-MORIN, JÉRÔME, MARCEL DARVEAU, and MONIQUE POULIN. "Site complementarity between biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning of sparsely-populated regions." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 1 (June 2, 2015): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000132.
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SUMMARYThe consequences of considering ecosystem services (ES) in conservation assessment are still widely debated. The degree of success depends on the extent to which biodiversity and ES can be secured under joint conservation actions. Unlike biodiversity, ES conservation is inseparably linked to human beneficiaries. Reconciling biodiversity with ES and conservation can be particularly challenging in sparsely populated areas. This study, in a sparsely-populated region of eastern Canada, focused on freshwater wetland biodiversity and ten ES provided by wetlands. Within a given maximal total area, the results showed that planning for biodiversity underrepresented local flow ES supply by 57% and demand by 61% in conservation networks. Planning for ES alone underrepresented wetland biodiversity surrogates by an average of 34%. Considering both biodiversity and ES simultaneously, all of the biodiversity and ES targets were achieved with only a 6% mean increase in area. Achieving all conservation targets starting from a network that was primarily built for either ES or biodiversity features alone was two to five times less efficient than considering both ES and biodiversity simultaneously in conservation assessment. A better framework is required to translate these spatial synergies into effective joint conservation actions.
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Gibbs, James P. "Wetland Loss and Biodiversity Conservation." Conservation Biology 14, no. 1 (February 2000): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98608.x.
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Ge, Xiu Li, Ren Qing Wang, and Jian Liu. "The Comparison of the Community Features between the Constructed Wetland and the Natural Wetland in Nansi Lake." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5238.
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Thirteen typical plant communities were investigated in Xinxuehe constructed wetland restored for five years and in Gaolou natural wetland restored naturally for eight years. Both wetlands are located in Nansi Lake area. The species composition, coverage, aboveground biomass and biodiversity indices were compared between the communities from the constructed wetland and the natural wetland. The results showed that the constructed wetland and the natural wetland had similar emergent species and typical species of their own, however neither coverage nor aboveground biomass showed significant differences. In the meanwhile, we found that the biodiversity of natural wetland is relatively higher than the constructed wetland. For the wetland restoration and the water quality quick improving, it is suitable to use artificial ways to promote the restoration of wetlands which converted from the farmland in Nansi Lake area; in the other hand, the natural wetland restoration is more valuable for the biodiversity conservation in the long run.
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Patil, S., and K. Choudaj. "The Importance of Artificial Wetlands in the Conservation of Wetland Birds and the Impact of Land Use Attributes Around the Wetlands: a Study from the Ajara Conservation Reserve, Western Ghats, India." zoodiversity 57, no. 1 (2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.01.041.
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Artificial wetlands are built to meet the rising human population's water needs, with little attention paid to their ecological significance. The current study was carried out to assess the importance of artificial wetlands in biodiversity conservation. Habitat quality of wetlands was assessed using the birds as an ecological indicator. Bird surveys were carried out at the five artificial wetlands located in the Ajara conservation reserve, northern Western Ghats, India. Bird surveys were conducted for five years (2011–2015). During the study, 165 bird species were recorded, including 34 wetland birds and 131 wetland-associated birds. Wetlands in forested areas have a higher richness of wetland birds. Wetlands surrounded by exotic plantations, agriculture, and human settlements exhibit lower wetland bird richness than wetlands in forested areas. Land use attributes around the wetlands affect wetland bird diversity. The current study gives a glimpse that these artificial wetlands could serve as a possible habitat for wetland birds.
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K.Attri, Pawan. "ASSESSMENT OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION & RESTORATION OF KHAJJIAR WETLAND, CHAMBA (H.P)." EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 2, no. 2 (October 11, 2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v3i2.18.
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The present study was undertaken from 2009 to 2011 in order to understand the current status of wetlands in district Chamba. The study was conducted in Khajjiar wetland and its catchments area for biodiversity. Repeated visits were made to the field to record the flora and vegetation of the area. In India, majority of the wetlands are badly affected and some of them are even highly threatened or on the verge of extinction mainly due to anthropogenic interventions. The remaining wetlands also threatened by air and water pollutants, and hydrologic alterations. Natural wetlands in India consist of high altitude Himalayan lakes. According to International importance, there are 25 Ramsar sites in India out of them 3 wetlands in the State of Himachal Pradesh have been declared as wetlands of international importance. The Khajjiar wetland is one of important lake although it is not an international importance. It is important because of socio-cultural and ecological values and services it provides. Presently lake is under threat due to anthropogenic pressures. The problem is further accentuated because of loss of water quality data, ecological services, information etc. Thus it is necessary to reclaim and develop the wetlands for its optimum potential use, for this a reliable and accurate data base is required. Therefore, present study endeavour aimed to generate data base in terms of socio-cultural and ecological aspects i.e. physical aspects / land use, extent of water spread and its water quality, vegetation status of catchments area and surrounding of lake and to determine the importance of these wetlands for the local people and to give an indication of the distribution of the benefits among various stakeholders.
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Baral, Sony, Bijendra Basnyat, Rajendra Khanal, and Kalyan Gauli. "A Total Economic Valuation of Wetland Ecosystem Services: An Evidence from Jagadishpur Ramsar Site, Nepal." Scientific World Journal 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2605609.
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Wetlands are the most productive ecosystem and provide wide arrays of wetland ecosystems (goods and services) to the local communities in particular and global communities in general. However, management of the wetland often does not remain priority and recognized as the unproductive waste land mainly due to poor realization of the economic value of the wetlands. Taking this into account, the study estimated the total economic value of the Jagadishpur Reservoir taking into account direct, indirect, and nonuse value. The study prioritized six major values of the reservoir which include wetland goods consumption, tourism, irrigation, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and conservation for future use (existence and option value). The study used market and nonmarket based valuation techniques to estimate total economic value of the reservoir. Household survey, focus group discussions, and interaction with the tourism entrepreneurs and district stakeholders were carried out to collect information. The study estimated the total annual economic value of the reservoir as NRs 94.5 million, where option/existence value remains main contributor followed by direct use value such as wetland goods and tourism and indirect use value, for example, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and irrigation. The study reveals that the local communities gave high importance to the future use value and are willing to make investment for conservation and restoration of reservoir given its conservation significance.
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Li, Zhaobin, Lei Ma, Dongmei Gou, Qianqian Hong, Leungkam Fai, and Bo Xiong. "The Impact of Urban Development on Wetland Conservation." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 13747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113747.
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Wetland is an integrated ecosystem which includes ecosystems such as hydrology, soil, vegetation, and biological environments. At present, the urbanization rate of China’s national economic development process is rapidly increasing, and by the end of 2021, the urbanization rate of China’s resident population will be 64.72%. This paper analyzes the hydrological effects of urbanization, the impact of water resources, climate change, and biodiversity on wetland ecosystems, and also analyzes the role of wetlands on the ecological environment, especially in terms of ecological and cultural values. The economic and social benefits of the whole society are also analyzed. The ecological and social benefits of urban wetlands have made their conservation and sustainable development increasingly important worldwide. Based on the current situation of China’s urban wetland protection and restoration, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for China’s urban wetland protection. This is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of the urban wetland ecosystem, promoting the operation of the market, realizing the optimal allocation of ecological resources, improving the benefits of ecological environmental protection, and promoting the coordinated development of the ecological environment. This paper provides a reference for the better development of wetland conservation under urbanization development conditions.
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Zhang, Chengxiang, Li Wen, Yuyu Wang, Cunqi Liu, Yan Zhou, and Guangchun Lei. "Can Constructed Wetlands be Wildlife Refuges? A Review of Their Potential Biodiversity Conservation Value." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041442.
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The degradation of wetland ecosystems is currently recognized as one of the main threats to global biodiversity. As a means of compensation, constructed wetlands (CWs), which are built to treat agricultural runoff and municipal wastewater, have become important for maintaining biodiversity. Here, we review studies on the relationships between CWs and their associated biodiversity published over the past three decades. In doing so, we provide an overview of how wildlife utilizes CWs, and the effects of biodiversity on pollutant transformation and removal. Beyond their primary aim (to purify various kinds of wastewater), CWs provide sub-optimal habitat for many species and, in turn, their purification function can be strongly influenced by the biodiversity that they support. However, there are some difficulties when using CWs to conserve biodiversity because some key characteristics of these engineered ecosystems vary from natural wetlands, including some fundamental ecological processes. Without proper management intervention, these features of CWs can promote biological invasion, as well as form an ‘ecological trap’ for native species. Management options, such as basin-wide integrative management and building in more natural wetland components, can partially offset these adverse impacts. Overall, the awareness of managers and the public regarding the potential value of CWs in biodiversity conservation remains superficial. More in-depth research, especially on how to balance different stakeholder values between wastewater managers and conservationists, is now required.
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Khatiwada, Janak Raj, Jagan Nath Adhikari, Deepak Rijal, and Lila Nath Sharma. "Freshwater biodiversity in western Nepal: A review." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v5i1.38290.
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Western Nepal is known for its rich freshwater resources that support diverse flora and fauna. Freshwater ecosystems of western Nepal provide multitudes of ecosystem goods, services (irrigation, hydroelectricity, drinking water) to humans, and provide breeding and feeding grounds for many wetland-dependent flora and fauna. But these wetlands are under tremendous pressure mainly due to anthropogenic activities. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the freshwater biodiversity, distributions of wetlands and their status in western Nepal. From this review, we found that western Nepal is rich in freshwater resources and supports diverse flora and fauna. The biologically significant Karnali River is the home of a globally endangered species, the South Asian river dolphin. We also discuss the conservation history of wetlands, identify the gaps, and further suggest priority hotspots for the formulation of future conservation strategies for these ecosystems.
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Yang, Fan, Zhuoen Liu, Guisheng Yang, and Gang Feng. "Dominated Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Turnover but Functional Nestedness of Wetland Bird Beta Diversity in North China." Land 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071090.
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The decomposition of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity into their turnover and nestedness components could provide novel insights into biodiversity conservation, e.g., provide implications for the Single Large Or Several Small reserves debate (SLOSS debate). Due to dramatic climate change and massive anthropogenic activities in recent decades in North China, the wetlands and the associated biodiversity in this region have declined significantly. This study applied the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity decomposition for the first time in wetland bird communities in North China, aiming to propose scientific and comprehensive suggestions for bird diversity conservation in this region. A paired t-test was used to compare the differences between taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional turnover, and their nestedness components. In addition, a spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the associations between each explanatory variable (differences in mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, as well as spatial distances) and each beta diversity index. A total of 546 bird species were found in 38 wetlands in North China, with three critically endangered species, 19 endangered species, 22 vulnerable species, and 61 near threatened species. The number of threatened species (critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable) found in these lakes was about 30% of all threatened species in China. The results showed that taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity among wetland bird communities in North China was mainly dominated by turnover, while functional beta diversity was mainly dominated by nestedness. Importantly, the phylogenetic and functional results showed similar patterns even after controlling for the effects of taxonomic beta diversity. In addition, the taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover was more associated with both climate variables and spatial distances than other components. The contrasting patterns among the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional decompositions of wetland bird communities in North China indicate that distinctive conservation strategies should be considered for different biodiversity dimensions. Specifically, the conservation of taxonomic and phylogenetic bird diversity in this region should focus on multiple wetlands, while the conservation of bird functional diversity should focus on a single wetland with high functional diversity.
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Angeler, David G., Olga Viedma, Santos Cirujano, Miguel Alvarez-Cobelas, and Salvador Sánchez-Carrillo. "Microinvertebrate and plant beta diversity in dry soils of a semiarid agricultural wetland complex." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 5 (2008): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07206.
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The relationship between environmental features and the β diversity of the propagule bank of dry soils of temporary wetlands has relevance to ecological theories of community structure and to the conservation of wetland biodiversity. The correlation of β diversity of microinvertebrates and macrophytes derived from propagules in dry soils with wetland habitat characteristics, catchment land-use, and the distance between wetlands in a remnant pond complex in central Spain was assessed. Redundancy analyses showed that β diversity of both groups correlated with habitat characteristics, whereas associations with catchment agricultural practices were weaker. Nestedness analyses showed that species-poor communities from degraded sites tended to form nested subsets of less degraded ponds with higher species richness. Distance between the ponds had no significant association with community similarity, suggesting that fragmentation did not shape β diversity at the scale of our study area. To maintain high β diversity in this area, ponds with species-rich propagule banks should receive conservation priority. Given the functional dependence by much wildlife on these propagule banks once these wetlands rewet, conservation of this hidden biodiversity is crucial for providing ecosystem services to humans and wildlife.
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Mafuwe, Kudzai. "Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25960.
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The Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe is a biodiversity hotspot that forms part of the Eastern Afromontane region, which has seen an increase in human activities such as agriculture, illegal mining, and introduction of invasive species. These anthropogenic activities have had negative environmental consequences including land degradation and water pollution, which have negatively impacted on the quality of aquatic habitats and biodiversity in the region. The region harbours several freshwater species of conservation interest whose numbers and distribution are little known. We also do not know the impacts of the ongoing human activities and threats on the local wetland biodiversity and the integrity of the ecosystem in the region. The relevant data on the wetland biodiversity from previous studies and surveys is also not readiliy available to guide poliies and conservation efforts in this region. With the aid of the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) program sponsored by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the European Union (EU), a project titled 'Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data' has mobilized and digitized over 2,000 occurrence records on freshwater biodiversity, with a focus on fish, invertebrates, amphibians and bird species in the region, since October 2017. The project also makes use of biodiversity informatics tools such as ecological niche modelling, to identify the important sites for conservation of the freshwater biodiversity in this region. The outputs will help to show policy makers, wildlife managers, researchers and conservationists where to target resources and conservation efforts. This will also help protect the biodiversity that still existsin the unprotected wetlands of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and that could be lost to human activities such as clearing for agriculture.
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Mereta, Seid Tiku, Pieter Lemmens, Luc De Meester, Peter L. M. Goethals, and Pieter Boets. "The Relative Importance of Human Disturbance, Environmental and Spatial Factors on the Community Composition of Wetland Birds." Water 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 3448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233448.
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The present study investigates the relative importance of human disturbance, local environmental and spatial factors on variations in bird community composition in natural Ethiopian wetlands with high biodiversity conservation value. We quantified bird abundances, local environmental variables and human disturbances at 63 sites distributed over ten wetlands in two subsequent years. Variation partitioning analyses were used to explore the unique and shared contributions of human disturbance, local environmental variables and spatial factors on variations in community compositions of wetland bird species. Local environmental variables explained the largest amount of compositional variation of wetland bird species. Productivity-related variables were the most important local environmental variables determining bird community composition. Human disturbance was also an important determinant for wetland bird community composition and affected the investigated communities mainly indirectly through its effect on local environmental conditions. Spatial factors only played a minor role in variations in bird community composition. Our study highlights the urgent need for integrated management approaches that consider both nature conservation targets and socio-economic development of the region for the sustainable use and effective conservation of wetland resources.
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Pandey, Gaurav. "Wetlands and their Role in Water Conservation: A Review." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 1 (2016): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.411612.
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A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally. Such areas may also be covered partially or completely by shallow pools of water. Wetlands include swamps, marshes, and bogs. The water found in wetlands can be saltwater, freshwater, or brackish. The world's largest wetland is the Pantanal which straddles Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguayan South America. Wetlands are considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Plant life found in wetlands includes mangrove, water lilies, cattails, sedges, tamarack, black etc. A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. Saltwater is water from a sea or ocean. Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater spruce, cypress, gum tree, and many others. Animal life includes many different amphibians, reptiles, birds, insects, and mammals. In many locations, such as the United Kingdom, Iraq, South Africa and the United States, wetlands are the subject of conservation efforts and biodiversity Action Plans.
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Toroitich, Caleb, Mugwima Njuguna, and Dennis Karanja. "Effects of urban wetland patch pattern on the biodiversity of aquatic birds in Nairobi, Kenya." Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jagst.v21i1.8.
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Urban wetlands are ubiquitous landscape elements that affect the spatial pattern and functions of cities. Despite being rich and important habitats for a variety of birds, they are continually being isolated or lost. Isolation and loss negatively impact on the integrity of the urban landscape pattern and compromises on biophilic planning and development. Since urbanization is a continuous cultural process, it is important to investigate how its impacts, which are invariably in conflict with nature, would portend for aquatic bird communities in urban areas. This study sought to determine the variability and relationship between the structural patch pattern of palustrine wetlands in Nairobi and the species richness and abundance of aquatic birds in these wetlands. From a population of 300 wetlands, this study used heterogeneous sampling to identify and investigate 31 palustrine wetlands spread across the city of Nairobi. For each of these wetlands, a variety of landscape metrics were calculated and the species diversity of aquatic birds was quantified. Multiple regression analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21 to determine the relationships between wetland patch pattern and wetland biodiversity. The study found that patch pattern significantly affects aquatic bird biodiversity, R² = .516, F (7, 23) = 3.498, p < .05. It was also found that the characteristics of the wetland neighbourhood significantly affected aquatic bird biodiversity, R² = .301, F (3, 27) = 3.867, p < .05. This study highlights the need to mainstream, plan, and design for the conservation and monitoring of spatial patterns and biodiversity of palustrine wetlands in urban landscapes. In doing so, biophilic cities are created, bio-systemic urban infrastructure is generated, human wellbeing is enhanced, and urban wetland ecosystem services are valued.
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Qiu, Zhiqiang, Ling Luo, Dehua Mao, Baojia Du, Kaidong Feng, Mingming Jia, and Zongming Wang. "Using Multisource Geospatial Data to Identify Potential Wetland Rehabilitation Areas: A Pilot Study in China’s Sanjiang Plain." Water 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092496.
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Wetland rehabilitation, highlighted in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is imperative for responding to decreased regional biodiversity and degraded ecosystem functions and services. Knowing where the most suitable wetland rehabilitation areas are can strengthen scientific planning and decision-making for natural wetland conservation and management implementation. Therefore, we integrated multisource geospatial data characterizing hydrological, topographical, management, and policy factors, including maximum surface water coverage, farming time, anthropogenic disturbance, and wetland protection level, to identify potential wetland rehabilitation areas in the Sanjiang Plain (SJP), the largest marsh distribution and a hotspot wetland loss region in China. Our results indicate that a total of 11,643 km2 of wetlands were converted into croplands for agricultural production from 1990 to 2018. We estimated that 5415 km2 of the croplands were suitable for wetland rehabilitation in the SJP, of which 4193 km2 (77%) have high rehabilitation priority. Specifically, 63% of the potential areas available for wetland rehabilitation are dry croplands (3419 km2), the rest (37%) being paddy fields. We argue that the selected indicators and approach used in this study to determine potential wetland rehabilitation areas could guide their investigation, at either the provincial or national scale and would be beneficial to conservation and sustainable management of wetlands in the SJP.
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T. Kingsford, Richard, Rachael F. Thomas, and Alison L. Curtin. "Conservation of wetlands in the Paroo and Warrego River catchments in arid Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 1 (2001): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010021.
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Irrigation proposals to divert water from the Paroo and Warrego Rivers in arid Australia will affect their aquatic ecosystems. These two are the last of 26 major rivers in the Murray-Darling Basin without large dams and diversions. Knowledge of the extent of their biodiversity value is critical to assessing likely impacts. During the 1990 flood, 1.73 million ha of wetlands, or 12.5% of the land surface of the Paroo and Warrego River catchments, were flooded. Flooded wetland area in the respective catchments was 781 330 ha and 890 534 ha. Most of the wetland area (97%) was floodplain, with 37 freshwater lakes (>50 ha) occupying 2.5% of the wetland area and 177 salt lakes covering 0.8%. A high diversity and abundance of biota depend on these wetlands. Only 7% of the wetland area, all in the Paroo catchment, is in conservation reserves. New South Wales has a high proportion of the wetland area on the Paroo (60%) and a substantial proportion of the wetland area on the Warrego River (23%). Queensland, the upstream state, will influence the ecology of the entire catchment areas of both river systems through its proposed water management plan. Any resulting extraction practices will have detrimental ecological consequences within a decade. Conservation of wetlands is usually site-focused and reflects a paradigm of conservation based on reservation of parcels of land. However, wetlands are dependent on water that is seldom adequately protected. Intergovernment co-operation should protect the entire catchment of the Paroo River from major diversions and stop further development on the Warrego River. This would do more for the conservation of wetlands than the formal reservation of small parts of their catchments.
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Dangol, Dharma Raj, and Subodh Khanal. "Status of "Wetland ecology" education and research at the Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science of the Tribhuvan University, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v3i1.41451.
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Wetlands are considered as the most productive ecosystems and cradles of biodiversity harboring a wide variety of flora and fauna. They maintain and provide a variety of environmental services to the human beings including fish and wildlife habitats, flood protection, erosion control and water quality maintenance (Tiner, 1989). Despite their value, wetlands have suffered from widespread destruction due to misuses and abuses (CP, 2005). Wetlands are threatened by population growth, increased exploitation of biological resources, timber harvest, pollution of various forms, development activities and other forms of mis-management (Kerr et al., 2002). So, wetlands need to be preserved and utilized wisely for the livelihood enhancement. To implement this task, countries need a sufficient number of experts and technical staff who are qualified and enthusiastic to work in the field of wetland conservation. So, the role of universities become crucial to launch academic programs for producing man power that can understand wetland ecology and their services and influence and make policy for wetland conservation and management. Because of their widespread distribution and biological, chemical, and physical complexity, wetlands are excellent “living laboratories” for teaching (Baldwin, 2007).
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Gibru, Amare, and Yihew Biru. "Assessment of Bird Species Composition, Relative Abundance, and Distributions in East Gojjam Wetland Habitats, Ethiopia." International Journal of Zoology 2022 (June 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2802998.
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Many bird species depend on wetlands and the surrounding habitats. However, the status of these wetlands, as well as their biodiversity, is poorly understood and maintained. From January to February 2021, we assessed the compositions, relative abundances, and distributions of bird species throughout five wetland habitats in the East Gojjam zone. In each study site, systematic random sampling techniques were applied at a 4 km interval along the wetland habitats. Bray–Curtis cluster analysis was conducted using PAST software. During the study period, Simpson’s Index and Shannon–Wiener Index were also used to assess the diversity of bird species at various study sites. As a result, a total of 55 bird species from 20 families and 9 orders were identified. During the study period, 49 species were classified as least concern, two were critically endangered species, two were vulnerable species, two were endangered species, and one was an endemic species. During the study, overgrazing and agricultural expansion were identified as threats to biodiversity. To conserve the biological richness of these ecosystems, a wetland conservation strategy and a sustainable usage system are required.
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Lind, P. R., B. J. Robson, B. D. Mitchell, and T. G. Matthews. "Can sand slugs in rivers deliver conservation benefits? The biodiversity value of tributary junction plug wetlands in the Glenelg River, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 5 (2009): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08175.
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Restoration works are carried out to alleviate human impacts and improve habitats within ecosystems. However, human impacts may also create new (anthropogenic) habitat for species to exploit. A dilemma arises when proposed restoration works would remove anthropogenic habitat and the assemblages it supports. Sediment input into the Glenelg River has formed tributary junction plug wetlands at confluences. Sand slug removal is proposed as part of river rehabilitation, but would also drain plug wetlands. We sampled four plug wetland, four river run and three river pool sites to determine whether plug wetlands influence water quality and add to the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates in the Glenelg River. Water quality and macroinvertebrate diversity were similar in plug wetlands, river runs and river pools. Assemblages were distinct among all sites, regardless of type, so there was no characteristic ‘plug-wetland fauna’. Therefore, although removal of plug wetlands would not cause a dramatic loss of invertebrate biodiversity, it would destroy anthropogenic habitat that supports a similar range of species to natural habitats in a river subject to multiple degrading processes. Gains from rehabilitation should be weighed against the value of anthropogenic habitat and the extent of similar habitat lost elsewhere in the ecosystem.
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Yousaf, Anum, Noreen Khalid, Muhammad Aqeel, Ali Noman, Nayab Naeem, Wajiha Sarfraz, Ujala Ejaz, Zonaira Qaiser, and Arifa Khalid. "Nitrogen Dynamics in Wetland Systems and Its Impact on Biodiversity." Nitrogen 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 196–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen2020013.
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Wetlands are viable sinks for nitrate and have also been identified as a source of nitrous oxide, a product of two microbially regulated processes: nitrification and denitrification. Anthropogenic expansion of nitrogen is a leading cause of the eutrophication of water bodies and may also contribute to the deterioration of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Wetlands ameliorate the quality of water percolating through them, by retaining nutrients and sequestering carbon, and simultaneously enhancing the flora and fauna diversity of these landscapes. Among the many services these wetlands provide, they also alleviate nitrate pollution by attenuating reactive nitrogen from agricultural drainage and ensure the effective reclamation of the wastewater. The literature regarding the viability of wetlands suggests a linear relationship between the removal of nitrogen and its loading rate, thereby suggesting a potential loss of nitrogen removal capacity due to the loss of wetland area. This review discusses the nitrogen removal mechanisms in existing wetlands along with the environmental variables affecting the optimum performance and management of these wetlands, in terms of greenhouse gas retention and biodiversity. Conservation of these wetlands should be contemplated to maintain the world-wide nitrogen cycle and diminish the negative repercussions of surplus nitrogen loading.
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Varsha, Singh, and Prakash Sadguru. "Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Bhagda or Bhagta Taal, a Wetland of Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India: Threats and Conservation." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.046.
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: Wetlands serve as potential reservoirs of water which also harbor coveted bioresources, that sustain animal life. Fish is a potential bioresource for nutrition and offers workplaces for people.The present investigation intended to study the fish diversity in Bhagda/Bhagta Taal, a wetland along with threats and their possible conservation measures. The study revealed the occurrence of 41 freshwater fish species which belong to 29 genera under 16 families and 8 orders. The order Cypriniformes, which was found to be the most dominant order, comprises 16 species sharing 39.02 % of the total fish population of the wetland. The highest diversity was recorded in the family Cyprinidae (16 species) followed by Channidae (5 species), Bagriidae (4 species), Siluridae (3species), Mastacembelidae (2 species) and the remaining 11 families included solitary species. The present investigation showed that Bhagda Taal possesses rich biodiversity but proper conservation measures are required to maintain its sustainability. The IUCN conservation status of fish species in the wetland has been worked out as 4.88% endangered (EN), 2.44 % Vulnerable (VU), 12.20% Near threatened (NT), 75.60% Least concern (LC) and 4,88 % Not evaluated (NE). There is a need for the conservation of fish diversity in this natural wetland. The pressure is increasing day by day due to the increasing population, leading to loss of fish diversity hence, identifying the problem and making a better management plan is the way for conservation of the fish diversity of wetlands of Uttar Pradesh.
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Xiaowen, Li, Zhuge Haijin, and Mengdi Li. "Gap Analysis and Conservation Network for Freshwater Wetlands in Central Yangtze Ecoregion." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/918718.
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The Central Yangtze Ecoregion contains a large area of internationally important freshwater wetlands and supports a huge number of endangered waterbirds; however, these unique wetlands and the biodiversity they support are under the constant threats of human development pressures, and the prevailing conservation strategies generated based on the local scale cannot adequately be used as guidelines for ecoregion-based conservation initiatives for Central Yangtze at the broad scale. This paper aims at establishing and optimizing an ecological network for freshwater wetland conservation in the Central Yangtze Ecoregion based on large-scale gap analysis. A group of focal species and GIS-based extrapolation technique were employed to identify the potential habitats and conservation gaps, and the optimized conservation network was then established by combining existing protective system and identified conservation gaps. Our results show that only 23.49% of the potential habitats of the focal species have been included in the existing nature reserves in the Central Yangtze Ecoregion. To effectively conserve over 80% of the potential habitats for the focal species by optimizing the existing conservation network for the freshwater wetlands in Central Yangtze Ecoregion, it is necessary to establish new wetland nature reserves in 22 county units across Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces.
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Mathevet, Raphaël, Simon Targowla, Anbarashan Munisamy, Venkatasubramanian Govindan, Ayyappan Narayanan, and Nicolas Bautès. "Wetlands for a Sustainable Urban Future: Insights from Pondicherry, South India." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.03045.
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Wetland ecosystems hold an important part of the world’s biodiversity and are complex social-ecological systems. Aiming to understand interdependencies among their components and to define management policies, the social-ecological trajectory of Oussudu lake – a wetland of Pondicherry region in South India – was reconstructed and analysed. During the last decades, this wetland has transformed from an irrigation tank to a lake to cater biodiversity conservation and recreation. The environmental history highlights a governance change that has contributed to “black boxing” the wetland’s functional environment and to conceal major water issues at regional and local levels. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing an approach that combines the management of this urban lake commons with a multi-scalar, socio-ecological and multi-stakeholder analysis. A trade-off on the seasonal water regime between different users - including fauna and flora - has to be found.
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Lynch, A. Jasmyn J., Elikana Kalumanga, and Guillermo A. Ospina. "Socio-ecological aspects of sustaining Ramsar wetlands in three biodiverse developing countries." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 6 (2016): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15419.
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Integrating conservation and ecologically sustainable development of wetlands is a major challenge, especially in developing countries. While many developing countries harbour significant biodiversity and socio-cultural resources, they have substantial development pressures. We explore the similarities in issues around wetland conservation and sustainability in three developing countries using case studies of internationally significant wetlands in Tanzania, Colombia and Papua New Guinea. We examine key aspects of their socio-ecological values, stakeholder and governance issues, conservation and management issues, and management responses. Key challenges across these regions include inadequate knowledge and data, population and development impacts, poor regulatory and planning processes, socio-economic inequities and conflict. All three areas lack adequate inventory, survey and monitoring, and there are significant risks to some wetland values. Mechanisms such as the Ramsar Convention provide a framework to assist in addressing global wetland loss, but implementation at these sites needs to be supported by effective, integrative approaches involving natural resource regulation, conservation and the development needs of local communities. Increased commitment and resourcing, along with comprehensive stakeholder engagement, are needed to develop and implement locally tailored plans to effectively manage these sites and their values, while also addressing the range of stakeholder needs and perspectives.
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Hossain, Mohd Shahadat. "Climate Change Affects Wetland Resources in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Hakaluki Haor." Scientific Research Journal 10, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v10i1.5406.
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The wetlands of Bangladesh support a wide variety of floral and faunal diversity. Approximately half the area of the country can be considered as wetlands consisting of a wide variety of types ranging from haors, beels, lakes, rivers and coastal forests to deepwater paddy fields and ponds. The wetland resources of Bangladesh are of enormous economic importance. The present study has attempted to observe the present situation of existing condition of wetland resources. However these aquatic resources have been subjected to rapid degradation due to the increasing population pressure, habitat destruction as well as natural causes. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. Because of the critical conditions of the haor ecology, the government of Bangladesh declared Hakaluki as an Ecologically Critical Area (ECA) in April 1999.So the Hakaluki haor area is very important site for study as wetlands conservation practice. As there are some problems in conservation process, it is very important to try and find out the main causes of wetlands degradation and keep wetlands free from such harmful impacts. The study was initiated to find out the problems and propose some suggestions to develop the wetlands conservation process. The resources users were empowered with a collective effort to build institutions and implement sustainable use practices resulting in wetland resilience of the resources.
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Yuan, Zhiliang, Man Xiao, Xiao Su, He Zhao, Yushan Li, Huiping Zhang, Ziyu Zhou, Rui Qi, Yun Chen, and Wei Wang. "Effects of Environment and Human Activities on Plant Diversity in Wetlands along the Yellow River in Henan Province, China." Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060470.
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Background and Objectives: The Yellow River is the sixth longest river in the world, and it is considered the mother river of China. Biodiversity conservation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is an urgent concern due to the impact of topography, sediment deposition, and human activities. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the diversity of plant communities in wetlands along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River from the perspectives of the natural environment and human disturbance. Materials and Methods: In this study, 830 plots were set up in seven nature reserves in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River to investigate wetland plant diversity. The distribution characteristics of plant diversity and the effects of environmental and human activities on plant diversity were analyzed. Results: (1) A total of 184 plant species belonging to 52 families and 135 genera were found in the seven nature reserves. Network analysis showed that the connectance index was 0.3018. (2) Betadisper analysis followed by ANOVA revealed differences in the community composition of the wetland plants (F = 21.123, p < 0.001) in the different nature reserves. (3) Analysis of variation partitioning indicated that the effects of pure environmental factors (elevation, precipitation, evaporation, and temperature) on the beta diversity of the wetland plants in the nature reserves was the strongest (15.45% and 17.08%, respectively), followed by the effects of pure human disturbance factors (population density, industrial output value, and agricultural output value) (15.13% and 16.71%, respectively). Conclusions: Variations occurred in the assemblage characteristics of the wetland plants in the different Yellow River wetland nature reserves. The wetland species exhibited strong associations with the reserves in the Yellow River wetland in Henan Province. Elevation, longitude, precipitation, and evaporation were important factors that affected the diversity of wetland plants in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China. The findings provide insights into plant biodiversity conservation in riverine wetlands.
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Orimoloye, Israel R., Ahmed M. Kalumba, Sonwabo P. Mazinyo, and Werner Nel. "Geospatial analysis of wetland dynamics: Wetland depletion and biodiversity conservation of Isimangaliso Wetland, South Africa." Journal of King Saud University - Science 32, no. 1 (January 2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.03.004.
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KC, Jibesh Kumar, Karma Dolma Gurung, and Puspa Deep Shrestha. "Lowland Wetlands in Nepal." Initiation 5 (April 19, 2014): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10269.
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Wetlands are considered to be one of the most threatened of all major natural ecosystems and are claimed to deserve a high priority for conservation and sustainable use. The conservation of wetlands is important because it provides a multitude of benefits i.e. ecological, economic, aesthetic, religious and socio-cultural benefits. This paper attempts to gather information about significance and classification of wetlands on the one hand and current status of lowland wetlands of Nepal and their threats on the other. Wetland dependent communities account for more than 17 % of the country’s population out of which more than 90 % are of Terai origin. As a result, a close interaction takes place between local community and biological resources of the wetlands. It with increase in population causes a number of threats to wetland ecosystem and associated biodiversity. These threats can be broadly categorised as habitat destruction and degradation, loss of ecosystem integrity, and depletion of species abundance and diversity. The importance of wetlands and their threats has been recognized in Nepal and different legislations have been formulated regarding Nepal Wetland Policy 2069 recently. But the policies itself cannot manage the wetlands without its appropriate implementation. Current status of wetlands is decreasing which shows a greater need of review and strong implementation of the existing policies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10269 The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 182-193
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T, Dharani, Ajith G, and Rajeshkumar S. "The study on freshwater fish biodiversity of ukkadam (periyakulam) and valankulam lake from coimbatore district, tamil nadu, india." Kongunadu Research Journal 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj.2020.3.
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Wetlands of India preserve a rich variety of fish species. Globally wetlands as well as fauna and flora diversity are affected due to increase in anthropogenic activities. The present investigation deals with the fish bio-diversity of selected major wetlands Periyakulam famously called Ukkadam Lake, Singanallur Lake andSulur Lake of Coimbatore district fed by Noyyal River. Due to improper management of these lentic wetlands water bodies around Coimbatore district by using certain manures, insecticides in agricultural practices in and around these selected areas has polluted the land and these fresh waters creating hazards for majorvertebrate fishes which are rich source of food and nutrition, an important and delicious food of man. The results of the present investigation reveals the occurrence of 19 fish species belonging to 5 order, 8 families 18 species recorded from the Ukkadam wetland followed by Singanallur wetland with 5 different orders 7 different families and 14 species. Ichthyofaunal diversity of Sulur wetland compressed of 6 families with 14 species. The order Cypriniformes was found dominant followed by Perciformes, Ophicephalidae, Siluriformes and Cyprinodontiformes species in Ukkadam and Singanallur wetland lakes while in Sulur it was recorded as Cyprinidae > Cichlida > Ophiocephalidae > Anabantidae > Bagridae > Heteropneustidae. This study on the freshwater fish species diversity of these wetlands would help in explore the fish fauna status and estimate the factors that may need rectification for fish conservation and management.
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Dey, Santi Ranjan. "Avifauna of Patan Wetland, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 18 (April 30, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2019.v18.003.
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Biodiversity enumeration of ecologically sensitive species is important for estimating the general health as well as development of proper conservation plans for the entire ecosystem. ‘Patan beel’ an relatively unexplored wetland of North-West Murshidabad is located between latitude 24°2’4” North to 24°3’ 20’’North and longitude 88°1’18’’ East to 88°0’15’’ East. The approximately 500 acres wetland contains forested area, some human habitation, and low but cultivable land. The area is unique in flora and fauna composition. This study has revealed that ‘Patan beel’ contains 49 species of birds. Some of the birds are totally aquatic. Some are migratory in nature. To conserve and manage wetland resources, it is imperative to have inventory of wetlands and their aqua-resources.
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Ferdinands, Keith, Kerry Beggs, and Peter Whitehead. "Biodiversity and invasive grass species: multiple-use or monoculture?" Wildlife Research 32, no. 5 (2005): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04036.
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Invasive plants are recognised as a major threat to biodiversity conservation worldwide. Despite this recognition, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the invasion process and its impact on flora and fauna is often poor. We examined the impact of an invasive aquatic grass species, para grass (Urochloa mutica), on seasonally inundated wetlands in tropical northern Australia. Flora and avifauna were surveyed at sites invaded by para grass and in native vegetation. Spatial information systems were used to design surveys and determine environmental correlates of para grass distribution and so predict the potential future spread of para grass and infer impacts in the absence of control. Where para grass was present the median number of plant taxa was ~75% lower. Few birds showed preference for habitats invaded by para grass, and most birds were associated with areas of native vegetation or other habitats with little or no para grass. The study identified several wetland habitats that are at greater risk of invasion, based on the apparent habitat preferences of para grass. The degradation or loss of some of these ‘at-risk’ habitats, including Oryza meriodionalis grasslands that play an integral role in the wetland food chain, has important ramifications for the levels of biodiversity supported by the wetlands.
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Carberry, Brendan, Tom A. Langen, and Michael R. Twiss. "Surface Water Quality Differs between Functionally Similar Restored and Natural Wetlands of the Saint Lawrence River Valley in New York." Land 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070676.
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We tested the hypothesis that upland wetland restorations provide the same quality of wetland, in terms of ecosystem services and biodiversity, as natural wetlands in the St. Lawrence River Valley. Water quality (pH, alkalinity, colored dissolved organic matter, phytoplankton community composition, chlorophyll-a, fecal coliform, total phosphorus, dissolved nitrate, turbidity, specific conductivity) in 17 natural and 45 restored wetlands was compared to determine whether wetland restoration provided similar physicochemical conditions as natural wetlands in the Saint Lawrence River Valley of northeastern New York State. Natural wetlands were more acidic, which was hypothesized to result from the avoidance of naturally acidic regions by farmers seeking to drain wetlands for crop and pasture use. Natural wetlands had significantly greater fecal coliform concentrations. Restored wetlands had significantly greater specific conductivity and related ions, and this is attributed to the creation of wetlands upon marine clay deposits. Other water quality indicators did not differ between restored and natural wetlands. These findings confirm other research at these same wetlands showing no substantial differences between restored and natural wetlands in major biotic indicators. Thus, we conclude that wetland restoration does result in wetlands that are functionally the same as the natural wetlands they were designed to replicate.
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M. Dayang Affizzah, A., E. Salbiah, B. Athirah, and M. Shuib. "Wetland Biodiversity of Telaga Air, Sarawak: Perception and Conservation of Local." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17162.
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Wetland are among the most productive of the world’s ecosystem and the most threatened tropical ecosystem. Mangrove forest is very useful and gives various benefits and it is extremely productive ecosystem that provide numerous good and services both to the marine environment and people. This research was conducted to identify the factors that influence the perception of local communities towards wetland biodiversity conservation which brings more beneficial towards our daily life. The interest group for this study is focuses on communities who live near the mangroves forest area and the location of study is in Telaga Air, Sarawak. The method that been used in this study was Factor Analysis and multiple regression. There are 15 factors that have been extracted by using Factor Analysis. Out of the factors, only 7 factors that are chosen as independent variables to run the regression analysis with the dependent variable of respondent’s Perception. Lastly, the study found that the factors of community awareness, garbage disposal and level of pollution have a strong relationship with the perception of residents towards wetland biodiversity conservation in Telaga Air. Overall, this study shows that majority of local communities that live nearby mangroves shows a positive attitude towards the conservation of wetland in Kuching. All the activities that being carried out in mangrove area should be monitor by authorities in order to ensure the sustainable of the mangrove forest are protected and guaranteed.
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Zhang, Liyun, Quan Zhen, Min Cheng, and Zhiyun Ouyang. "The Main Drivers of Wetland Changes in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142619.
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Wetlands are the most threatened ecosystem in China, and wetland conservation is a national priority because of their importance for water security, flood mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. A goal has been established for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (BTH) to recover 340 km2 of wetlands by 2020. To guide restoration and protection efforts, policymakers need information on the trends of wetland loss, conversion of wetlands, and their associated human drivers. The main drivers of changes in different wetland types in the BTH were identified and quantified from 2000 to 2015. In 2015, there was 6264.07 km2 less wetland area than in 2000, with the remaining wetlands primarily located in Hebei and Tianjin. Reservoirs/ponds were the most abundant wetland type, followed by herbaceous swamps, rivers, canals and channels, and then lakes as the least represented. There were continuous losses of wetlands from 2000 to 2015, with marked decreases for rivers (30.48%), channels/canals (23.30%), and herbaceous swamps (16.12%). However, there was an increase in the area of lakes and reservoirs/ponds, with increases of 54.96% and 3.47%, respectively. The largest changes in natural wetlands were due to agricultural production followed by artificialization and grassland expansion. The driving forces of the observed changes were specific to each local region. According to an aggregated boosted trees (ABT) analysis, gross farm production, total aquatic products, and irrigated area were the top three drivers of the decrease in natural wetlands, which agreed with the main patterns of change in the BTH. The purpose of this study was to provide guidance for policy makers working to meet the 2020 BTH wetland recovery target. Recommendations were provided at the provincial level, including water transfers across provincial boundaries, the control of agricultural expansion, exploration of species-specific irrigation deficits, a reduction in the artificialization of land surfaces, the development of a sustainable intensified aquaculture model, and the promotion of awareness of wetland importance among local people.
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Loveline, Enwere Chidimma. "IMPACTS OF WETLAND DEGRADATION IN NIGER DELTA NIGERIA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN FLOOD CONTROL." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2015): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i3.13244.
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Wetlands perform a wide variety of functions that include flood control, ground water recharge, shore line stabilization, storm protection and climate moderation. However, despite these huge wetland functions, it has witnessed poor appreciation and dreadful conditions. Niger Delta has witnessed constant coastal erosion and rising sea level, this has led to large portions of the landmass being eroded. This paper aims to review some environmental effects of flooding in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to provide the desired knowledge of role that wetlands play in reducing flood impacts. However, having witnessed the flood, the experience opened my eyes to the environmental challenges facing Niger Delta with respect to Wetlands degradation, poor perception of wetland values and functions, poor environmental practices and non-implementation of environmental regulations. This memorable experience rekindled the desire and motivation to seek a solution to wetland degradation with the aim of recognizing significance of wetlands at the centre of achieving both livelihood and biodiversity improvements to address coastal flooding problem.The study therefore concludes that wetlands are very significant in flood control and thus the conservation and restoration of wetlands, should put in place measures to reduce wetland destruction.International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 177-184
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Monzó, José C., and José R. Verdú. "Effects of restoration and management of Mediterranean traditional water systems on Odonata alpha diversity: a long-term monitoring survey." Biodiversity and Conservation 31, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02331-3.
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AbstractThe progressive abandonment and disappearance of traditional water uses and management of wetlands during the twentieth century has led not only to a loss of identity, heritage, and landscape values, but also to significant declines in the diversity and abundance of many organisms. Here, we take advantage of an existing project for the restoration and management of traditional irrigation infrastructures in the wetland of El Prado (Pinoso, south-eastern Spain) to evaluate the spatio-temporal effect of this action on the alpha diversity and abundance of Odonata. The wetland was organized in different sectors according to the coverage of riparian and aquatic vegetation, width and depth of watercourses, ditches and ponds, water flow, and restoration and management. Odonates were sampled every month for ten years. We used alpha diversity to measure biodiversity using Hill’s number diversity. To analyse how alpha diversity measures varied across all sectors sampled over the years, we determined diversity-time relationships. To assess the effects of the different variables on odonate biodiversity we used partial least squares regressions. Our results showed that restoration of traditional water infrastructures, encouraging the increase of aquatic vegetation cover, an adequate and regular management of riparian vegetation naturalizing the margins, as well as reducing speed of water flow have a positive effect on odonate diversity and abundance. Our study provides useful information for conservation and management of semi-arid wetlands and its associated water infrastructures by showing which actions are most successful to enhance biodiversity in one of the priority habitats for conservation in Europe.
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Saha, Sajal, Muha Abdullah Pavel, and Mohammad Belal Uddin. "Assessment of Plant Diversity of a Seasonal Tropical Wetland Forest Ecosystem in Bangladesh." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.817.2018.
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The quantitative analysis of plant diversity was explored on a seasonal tropical wetland forest ecosystem at Ratargul Swamp Forest. The simple random sampling protocol was adopted, and 30 plots (10 m×10 m) each with one subplot (2 m×2 m) was investigated for the vegetation survey. The study found about 539 individuals of 48 species belonging to 36 families. Poaceae was the dominant among all family. The upper (trees with all size) and lower (shrubs, herbs, climbers, grasses) stratum was dominated by Pongamia pinnata and Clinogyne dicotoma, respectively. The taxonomic diversity was moderate in both lower and upper strata. The value of floristic quality index was calculated at 19.92, which represents moderate vegetative quality. The outcome also revealed the disturbances which influenced the plant community, mostly due to branch cutting by human (<30%). The findings will be useful for the conservation and scientific management of biodiversity as a hotspot in seasonal tropical wetland forest system.Keywords: Biodiversity, conservatism, disturbance, hotspot, wetland
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JANTKE, KERSTIN, CHRISTINE SCHLEUPNER, and UWE A. SCHNEIDER. "Benefits of earth observation data for conservation planning in the case of European wetland biodiversity." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 1 (November 14, 2012): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000331.
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SUMMARYTo evaluate the status of biodiversity and to determine how current conservation efforts can be improved, biodiversity monitoring is crucial. An important aspect of data quality lies in its spatial resolution. It is unclear how finer scale land cover and land value information might further benefit biodiversity conservation. This paper aimed to assess the impacts of scale by modelling the conservation of endangered European wetland species and their corresponding habitats. Fine-scale datasets were derived by integrating existing geographical, biophysical and economic data. A habitat allocation model, based on principles from systematic conservation planning and economic theory, was developed to estimate area requirements and opportunity costs of habitat protection in Europe. Coarse-scale and fine-scale simulations were compared by inputting both resolutions into the model. Habitat locations were restricted either only by historical species occurrence data at UTM 50 resolution or additionally by explicit wetland data at 1-km2 resolution. Coarse country-average land rents were contrasted with spatially detailed land rent estimates at a 5ʹ resolution. Costs of habitat protection and area requirements for reserves may be severely underestimated when conservation planning relies only on coarse-scale data, which may result in notable shortcomings in conservation target achievement. Improvements in conservation benefits far outweigh the additional costs of acquiring fine-scale data.
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He, Jiye. "Landscape Design Method of Urban Wetland Park Using the Building Information Model." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 16, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6228513.
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Wetland has long been referred to as the “Kidney of the Earth” because of its many functions, including water conservation, flood control, sewage treatment, and biodiversity conservation. Urban wetland parks are important for maintaining urban ecological processes and improving human settlement health and safety. The construction of urban wetland parks in my country has a certain gap with that of other countries in terms of theoretical research, management and operation, and construction experience. However, as a unique ecological system, wetlands are experiencing unprecedented destruction as a result of the current social economy’s rapid development and the blind and disorderly expansion of human activities, and their area is shrinking or even disappearing. The current BIM policy has progressed from an initial application promotion and guidance stage to a comprehensive promotion and multipolicy integration development stage. BIM will be further integrated with related policies in the future, such as prefabricated buildings and the internet, as well as integrated management of service construction projects. Scientific decision-making, as well as improvements in quality and efficiency, will all contribute to the construction industry’s healthy development.
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Padgett, Tegan, and Yolanda F. Wiersma. "Importance of boreal forested wetlands for epiphytic macrolichen communities." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 12 (December 2020): 1333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0042.
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Forested wetlands provide ecosystem services and often support elevated levels of biodiversity and rare species. However, forested wetlands are understudied and face threats such as logging and land conversion. Epiphytic lichens are abundant in forested wetlands and may be useful to help delineate microhabitats across wetland–upland gradients. We investigated epiphytic macrolichen richness, diversity, and community composition in 15 sites in the Avalon Forest Ecoregion, Newfoundland, Canada. Within each site, we set up three parallel 40 m transects in (i) the forested wetland, (ii) the ecotone, and (iii) the upland forest. Along each transect, we selected five balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) trees 10 m apart and surveyed for macrolichens on the lower bole. We collected data on tree height and tree diameter at breast height, which differed significantly among forest types. We also collected data on tree age and canopy cover, which did not differ significantly among forest types. Contrary to hypotheses suggesting that biodiversity is highest in ecotones, we found that mean macrolichen richness was significantly higher in wetlands, lower in the ecotones, and lowest in upland forests, and macrolichen diversity followed a similar pattern but with no significant difference among groups. Macrolichen community composition significantly differed among wetlands, ecotones, and upland forests. A lichen of conservation concern, Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.M. Jørg., was detected primarily in forested wetlands, highlighting wetlands as key habitats for rare epiphytic macrolichens.
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O’Keeffe, Joanna, Paweł Marcinkowski, Marta Utratna, Mikołaj Piniewski, Ignacy Kardel, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, and Tomasz Okruszko. "Modelling Climate Change’s Impact on the Hydrology of Natura 2000 Wetland Habitats in the Vistula and Odra River Basins in Poland." Water 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2019): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102191.
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Climate change is expected to affect the water cycle through changes in precipitation, river streamflow, and soil moisture dynamics, and therefore, present a threat to groundwater and surface water-fed wetland habitats and their biodiversity. This article examines the past trends and future impacts of climate change on riparian, water-dependent habitats within the special areas of conservation (SAC) of the Natura 2000 network located within Odra and Vistula River basins in Poland. Hydrological modelling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was driven by a set of nine EURO-CORDEX regional climate models under two greenhouse gas concentration trajectories. Changes in the duration of flooding and inundation events were used to assess climate change’s impact on surface water-fed wetland habitats. The groundwater-fed wetlands were evaluated on the basis of changes in soil water content. Information about the current conservation status, threats, and pressures that affect the habitats suggest that the wetlands might dry out. Increased precipitation projected for the future causing increased water supply to both surface water and groundwater-fed wetlands would lead to beneficial outcomes for habitats with good, average, or reduced conservation status. However, habitats with an excellent conservation status that are already in optimum condition could be negatively affected by climate change as increased soil water or duration of overbank flow would exceed their tolerance.
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Gilbert, Juan Diego, Inmaculada de Vicente, Raquel Jiménez-Melero, Gema Parra, and Francisco Guerrero. "Selecting priority conservation areas based on zooplankton diversity: the case of Mediterranean wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 10 (2014): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13143.
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A set of Mediterranean wetlands has been studied in order to identify priority areas for conservation using zooplankton assemblages. We also measure the degree of nestedness to determine the best strategy for conservation of zooplankton diversity. The present study was conducted in 29 wetlands located in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Two complementary approaches were used, cluster analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE), with a presence–absence data matrix, in order to group wetlands as a function of zooplankton composition. To select conservation areas, four different criteria were used: species richness; exclusive species occurrences; the number of wetlands in which species appeared; and phylogenetic diversity. The results showed the existence of three different zones (subgroups of wetlands). Using the same method, a significant nestedness among wetlands was also observed independently of the method used to group them. The conservation proposal included 98% of the total species and 41.4% of the studied wetlands. This work confirms that zooplankton assemblages are essential for making wetland conservation decisions and for the identification of areas with connectivity (fluxes of species) in which efforts should be more intense to preserve their biodiversity.
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Zhang, Guanxiong, Xingzhong Yuan, and Kehong Wang. "Biodiversity and temporal patterns of macrozoobenthos in a coal mining subsidence area in North China." PeerJ 7 (February 15, 2019): e6456. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6456.
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Coal resources play a strategic role in the long-term development of China. Large-scale mining has a considerable impact on the landscape, and it is a long-term heritage of industrialization unique to the Anthropocene. We investigated the macrozoobenthos and water in nine mining subsidence wetlands at different developmental stages (3–20 years) in North China. A total of 68 species were found, and the macrozoobenthos community in the newly formed wetlands showed high diversity. We believe that this high diversity is not random; rather, the high diversity was because of the special origin and development of the wetland. We used three time slices from the timeline of the development of the newly formed wetlands and compared them. It was found that the macrozoobenthos community was significantly affected by the change in the subsidence history. We emphasize that coal mining subsidence should not be merely identified as secondary man-made disasters, as they are often secondary habitats with high conservation value, and their conservation potential lies in the fact that these secondary habitats can replace rapidly decreasing natural wetlands.