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Journal articles on the topic 'Wetland restoration'
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1
Zhang, Aiying, Zhixia Ying, Xunyu Hu, and Mingjian Yu. "Phylogenetic Diversity of Wetland Plants across China." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091850.
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Accelerating and severe wetland loss has made wetland restoration increasingly important. Current wetland restorations do not take into consideration the ecological adaptability of wetland plants at large scales, which likely affects their long-term restoration success. We explored the ecological adaptability, including plant life forms and phylogenetic diversity, of plants across 28 wetlands in China. We found that perennial herbs were more common than annual herbs, with the proportion of perennial herbs accounting for 40–50%, 45–65%, 45–70%, 50–60%, and 60–80% of species in coastal wetlands, human-made wetlands, lake wetlands, river wetlands, and marsh wetlands, respectively. A ranking of phylogenetic diversity indices (PDIs) showed an order of marsh < river < coastal < lake < human-made, meaning that human-made wetlands had the highest phylogenetic diversity and marsh wetlands had the lowest phylogenetic diversity. The nearest taxon index (NTI) was positive in 23 out of 28 wetlands, indicating that species were phylogenetically clustered in wetland habitats. Dominant species tended to be distantly related to non-dominant species, as were alien invasive species and native species. Our study indicated that annual herbs and perennial herbs were found in different proportions in different types of wetlands and that species were phylogenetically clustered in wetland habitats. To improve wetland restoration, we suggest screening for native annual herbs and perennial herbs in proportions that occur naturally and the consideration of the phylogenetic similarity to dominant native species.
2
Xu, Nan, Haiyan Li, Chunyu Luo, Hongqiang Zhang, and Yi Qu. "Exploring Spatial Relationship between Restoration Suitability and Rivers for Sustainable Wetland Utilization." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 8083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138083.
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Wetlands are important ecosystems for biodiversity preservation and environmental regulation. However, the integrity of wetland ecosystems has been seriously compromised and damaged due to the reckless and indiscriminate exploitation of wetland resources during economic development by human society. Hence, wetland restoration has now attracted wide attention. Understanding wetland restoration suitability and its relationship with river grade and river distance is an important step in further implementing wetland restoration and ensuring an orderly wetland development and utilization. In this study, wetland restoration suitability is evaluated combining natural and human factors. Taking its result as an important basis, the spatial distribution characteristics of different levels of wetland restoration suitability are discussed for the studied region; the percentage distribution of different levels of wetland restoration suitability is analyzed for 10 km long buffer zones of rivers of different grades, and the association between the distribution of different levels of wetland restoration suitability and the river distance (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 km) is also analyzed for different buffer zones of rivers in different grades. Our findings show that the spatial distribution of wetland restoration suitability is closely associated with the grade of rivers and the distance of the wetland patches from the river. The higher the river grade, the higher the percentage of the wetland with high restoration suitability within the same river distance. The percentage of wetlands with high restoration suitability has shown a notably decreasing trend as the river distance increases for the areas beside rivers of all grades, while the percentage of a wetland area with relatively high restoration suitability tends to increase as the river distance increases for the areas beside rivers of grade I and II and does not have a noticeable trend to change as the river distance changes for the area beside rivers of other grades. Results of this can provide technical support for wetland restoration suitability evaluation for plain areas, a spatial reference for wetland restoration prioritizing, and an orderly wetland development and utilization in future studies and planning.
3
Xie, Wen Xia, Zhen Xu, and Kun Jie Zhu. "Review of Key Technique Research on the Field of Vegetation Restoration in Beach Wetlands." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.948.
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The study wetland vegetation restoration technology system and representative beach wetland restoration projects at home and abroad are summarized. Technology system of wetland vegetation restoration mainly includes engineering technology and biological technology. Ecological restoration research of coastal wetland in China mainly concentrated in the Yellow River Delta, the southeast coastal mangrove wetlands, coastal beaches of Jiangsu and the coastal wetlands in Shanghai Fengxian District. Finally, the issues existed in current research field were pointed out. The research fields need to be strengthened for the detailed field investigation and laboratory analysis of soil, vegetation, hydrology, meteorology, etc. According to the actual situation of wetland beaches, wetland site type will be divided. Suitable salt-tolerant plant varieties should be filtered and the mudflat wetland vegetation recovery key technologies should be explored.
4
Crumpton, W. G. "Using wetlands for water quality improvement in agricultural watersheds; the importance of a watershed scale approach." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2001): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0880.
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Agricultural applications of fertilizers and pesticides have increased dramatically since the middle 1960s, and agrochemical contamination of surface and groundwater has become a serious environmental concern. Since the mid-1980s, a variety of state and federal programs have been used to promote wetland restoration, and these continuing efforts provide a unique opportunity for water quality improvement in agricultural watersheds. However, wetland restorations have been motivated primarily by concern over waterfowl habitat loss, and model simulations suggest that commonly used site selection criteria for wetland restorations may be inadequate for water quality purposes. This does not lessen the promise of wetlands for water quality improvement in agricultural watersheds, but rather emphasizes the need for watershed scale approaches to wetland siting and design. Water quality is best viewed from a watershed perspective, and watershed scale endpoints should be explicitly considered in site selection for wetland restoration.
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Carberry, Brendan, Tom A. Langen, and Michael R. Twiss. "Surface Water Quality Differs between Functionally Similar Restored and Natural Wetlands of the Saint Lawrence River Valley in New York." Land 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070676.
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We tested the hypothesis that upland wetland restorations provide the same quality of wetland, in terms of ecosystem services and biodiversity, as natural wetlands in the St. Lawrence River Valley. Water quality (pH, alkalinity, colored dissolved organic matter, phytoplankton community composition, chlorophyll-a, fecal coliform, total phosphorus, dissolved nitrate, turbidity, specific conductivity) in 17 natural and 45 restored wetlands was compared to determine whether wetland restoration provided similar physicochemical conditions as natural wetlands in the Saint Lawrence River Valley of northeastern New York State. Natural wetlands were more acidic, which was hypothesized to result from the avoidance of naturally acidic regions by farmers seeking to drain wetlands for crop and pasture use. Natural wetlands had significantly greater fecal coliform concentrations. Restored wetlands had significantly greater specific conductivity and related ions, and this is attributed to the creation of wetlands upon marine clay deposits. Other water quality indicators did not differ between restored and natural wetlands. These findings confirm other research at these same wetlands showing no substantial differences between restored and natural wetlands in major biotic indicators. Thus, we conclude that wetland restoration does result in wetlands that are functionally the same as the natural wetlands they were designed to replicate.
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Cao, Rui, Jingyu Wang, Xue Tian, Yuanchun Zou, Ming Jiang, Han Yu, Chunli Zhao, and Xiran Zhou. "Post-Restoration Monitoring of Wetland Restored from Farmland Indicated That Its Effectiveness Barely Measured Up." Water 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2024): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16030410.
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In the context of wetland restoration, the reconstruction of an ecosystem’s structure typically manifests within a relatively short timeframe, while the restoration of its function often necessitates an extended period of time following the implementation of restoration measures. Consequently, it becomes imperative to engage in the comprehensive, long-term dynamic monitoring of restored wetlands to capture timely information regarding the ecological health status of wetland restoration. In this paper, we aimed to precisely assess the ecosystem health of a typical wetland that had been converted from farmland to wetland in Fujin National Wetland Park in 2022. We selected 18 ecological, social, and economic indicators to establish a wetland ecological health evaluation model, and then used the method of an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate the weights for each indicator and acquire the ecological health index (EHI) score. The results of our study revealed that the ecosystem health index was 3.68, indicating that the FNWP wetland ecosystem was in “good” condition; this result was mainly affected by wetland water quality (0.382). The ecological health assessment of restored wetlands can monitor wetland ecological resources and provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of restored wetlands.
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Kameri Ochoko, John, Suzan Luyiga, and Bernad Barasa. "The Mediating Role of Management Functions (Planning, Implementation, and Control) in Influencing the Restoration of Limoto Wetland." American Journal of Environment Studies 6, no. 2 (May 17, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1465.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the gap between wetland management functions and the extent of wise use and sustainable harnessing of livelihood opportunities through restoration programs. This study contributes to the comprehension of wetland management functions concerning wetland restoration through the promotion of sustainable livelihoods.
Methodology: A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and interviews. FGD was conducted with five groups of beneficiaries of livelihood options. Interviews were carried out with seven key informants who were thought to be knowledgeable about the wetland restoration alternative livelihood options. These included local council chairmen from communities near the wetland, village opinion leaders, district natural resources officers, IUCN Representatives, NEMA officials, and the wetland department.
Findings: Results showed a positive but insignificant relationship between planning function and restoration activities. Furthermore, results also indicated a negative significant relationship between implementation and restoration activities. Finally, findings revealed that there was a relationship between the control function and restoration activities. It was found out that Wetland restoration is a process that helps to transform the wetland area that has been impacted by human or natural activity into an area that can sustain native habitats. Wetlands cover 6% of global and 13% of Uganda's land cover. Over the past forty-five years, wetlands have lost 30% and 36% of land cover globally and in Uganda respectively.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: Many wetlands, particularly those in rural Uganda are, however, getting degraded through mainly conversion of land use to agriculture, exploitation, and settlements despite the existing resource management regime. The study recommends inclusive management functions to achieve a successful wetland restoration.
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Ge, Xiu Li, Ren Qing Wang, and Jian Liu. "The Comparison of the Community Features between the Constructed Wetland and the Natural Wetland in Nansi Lake." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5238.
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Thirteen typical plant communities were investigated in Xinxuehe constructed wetland restored for five years and in Gaolou natural wetland restored naturally for eight years. Both wetlands are located in Nansi Lake area. The species composition, coverage, aboveground biomass and biodiversity indices were compared between the communities from the constructed wetland and the natural wetland. The results showed that the constructed wetland and the natural wetland had similar emergent species and typical species of their own, however neither coverage nor aboveground biomass showed significant differences. In the meanwhile, we found that the biodiversity of natural wetland is relatively higher than the constructed wetland. For the wetland restoration and the water quality quick improving, it is suitable to use artificial ways to promote the restoration of wetlands which converted from the farmland in Nansi Lake area; in the other hand, the natural wetland restoration is more valuable for the biodiversity conservation in the long run.
9
Zhao, Dandan, Daiji Wan, Jian Yang, Jiping Liu, Zhicheng Yong, and Chongya Ma. "Effects of restoration years on soil nitrogen and phosphorus in inland salt marshes." PeerJ 12 (January 16, 2024): e16766. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16766.
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Inland salt marsh wetlands have very important ecological functions in semi-arid areas. However, degradation and soil desertification have impacted these areas, making it necessary to study the impact of wetland restoration years on the soil quality of salt marsh wetland. We used remote sensing methods, field surveys, and inquiries to examine the seasonal profile effects of two-, four-, and six-year restoration periods on total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) in P. australis and S. triqueter wetland natural states. Our results showed that soil TN in P. australis wetland in restored conditions was higher than that in natural conditions. The average soil TP of the S. triqueter wetlands at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers was 0.36 g/kg, 0.31 g/kg, 0.21 g/kg, and 0.17 g/kg s in September, respectively. The soil TP of the S. triqueter wetland increased slightly over the entire growing season. The restoration years had a great influence on the soil TP of the S. triqueter wetland from May to July. The soil TN in the P. australis wetland was almost restored to its natural condition in each layer during the six-year restoration period. The soil TP of the S. triqueter wetland was higher in the restored two-year period and showed a decreasing trend with an increased soil depth. Our conclusions can significantly guide the restoration of inland salt marsh wetlands.
10
Ma, Chun, Guang Yu Zhang, Xiao Chun Zhang, Bin Zhou, and Wen Xin Jiang. "Water Resource Management for Wetland Restoration Engineering in Tianjin Coastal Area in China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4333.
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Wetland is one of the most diverse ecosystem and important habitats. However, degradation and loss of wetlands increased with anthropologic factors. Thus, the research of wetland restoration has become the emphasis and imperative issue. Water plays an important role in ecological evolution of the wetlands, and water requirement is a key step for water resource management of wetland restoration engineering. This research deals with the analysis of water requirement for wetland restoration engineering in a case study in Bohai Bay. The results show that the total water requirement in the study area are (0.18~0.28)×109m3, (0.54~0.81)×109m3, (1.21~1.41)×109m3 to reach the basic objective, moderate objective and perfect objective, respectively.
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Kellogg, Chev H., and Scott D. Bridgham. "Colonization during early succession of restored freshwater marshes." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-001.
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Little is known about the importance of initial colonization in the successional development of restored wetlands. We compared plant communities of two lightly planted restorations (water levels restored + planted and seeded), three hydrologic restorations (water levels restored), and two undrained sites. Measurements typically used in monitoring (richness, diversity, aboveground biomass) indicated that 23 years after restoration, restored wetlands showed only small differences from the plant community structure of undrained wetlands in the saturated zone. In contrast, analysis of vegetation based on species composition indicated differences in vegetation communities among all wetland types. Plant communities of planted restorations and reference sites were dominated by emergent species, while hydrologic restorations had a more variable plant community. These results indicate a small effect of initial planting and seeding at low densities and show that colonization is rapid during early succession of restored marshes. It was not clear whether either restoration method would eventually result in vegetation communities similar to reference sites. These results indicate that current monitoring periods of 35 years are insufficient to allow time for an accurate assessment of the successional development in each wetland.Key words: dispersal, germination, monitoring, plant biomass, plant community, wetland.
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Acreman, M. C., J. Fisher, C. J. Stratford, D. J. Mould, and J. O. Mountford. "Hydrological science and wetland restoration: some case studies from Europe." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-158-2007.
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Abstract. Throughout the world, wetlands are increasingly being recognised as important elements of the landscape because of their high biodiversity and goods and services they provide to mankind. After many decades of wetland destruction and conversion, large areas of wetlands are now protected under the International Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar) and regional or national legislation such as the European Union Habitats Directive. In many cases, there is a need to restore the ecological character of the wetland through appropriate water management. This paper provides examples of scientific knowledge of wetland hydrology that can guide such restoration. It focuses on the need for sound hydrological science on a range of issues including water level control, topography, flood storage, wetland connections with rivers and sustainability of water supply under climate change.
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Jing, Xin, Yuefei Zhuo, Zhongguo Xu, Yang Chen, Guan Li, and Xueqi Wang. "Coastal Wetland Restoration Strategies Based on Ecosystem Service Changes: A Case Study of the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay." Land 12, no. 5 (May 22, 2023): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051110.
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A unique variety of wetlands known as coastal wetlands that connect terrestrial and marine ecosystems is crucial to reducing and adapting to climate change as well as the advancement of human culture. However, the coastal wetland ecosystem is currently in danger as a result of the increasing intensity of human activity, and wetland restoration and reconstruction have garnered a lot of interest. The differentiated ecological restoration strategies based on ecosystem service change analysis can provide a reference for the effective management and sustainability of coastal wetland ecosystems. The InVEST model and ArcGIS were used to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in ecosystem services before and after the implementation of coastal wetland restoration policies based on remote sensing image data, meteorological and soil data, etc. The ecological restoration pattern of coastal wetlands was divided, and the corresponding ecological restoration strategies were proposed in this study. The following are the results: (1) there are still many wetlands that have been converted to non-wetlands following the implementation of the wetland restoration policy, and the ecosystem services as a whole exhibit a rising and then falling trend, with a rise from 2005 to 2015, a fall in 2015 due to the creation of Hangzhou Bay New District, and a slight improvement to 2020. Among them, the water yield increased continuously, the carbon storage fluctuated, and the habitat quality did not improve significantly. (2) The hot spots of ecosystem services were concentrated in the south and southeast of the study area, with no obvious cold spots. (3) By comprehensively analyzing the changes and spatial patterns of ecosystem services, the coastal wetlands on the south bank of Hangzhou Bay were divided into an ecological conservation zone, a green development zone, and an ecological restoration zone at the township level, and corresponding optimization strategies were proposed. The results can provide a reference for the fine-grained and differentiated management of regional ecosystem services.
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Yao, Hong Ming, Jie Bai, and Zhen Zhang. "Variations of Soil Organic Matter and Nutrients in Degenerated Wetland in Response to Ecological Restoration in Shuangtaizi Estuary, Northeast China." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.48.
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The aim of the research is to study the changes of soil properties during the process of wetland restoration, and evaluate the results or effect of wetland restoration. Soil samples were collected from both restored and unrestored wetlands in Shuangtaizi estuary, and then we compared seasonal changes of soil properties in these two areas. The results indicated a significant increase of NH4-N, whereas TP(total phosphorous) declined slightly in restored wetland. In addition, significant seasonal variations of SOM(soil organic matter) and nutrients were exhibited in restored and unrestored wetlands especially in July and August. Meanwhile, we found that C/P ratio in restored wetland increased in summer and reduced in September. All these have suggested that soil properties and nutrients proportions were changed after the restoration, which would be more conductive for soil ecological function.
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Singh, Manudeo, and Rajiv Sinha. "Integrating Hydrological Connectivity in a Process–Response Framework for Restoration and Monitoring Prioritisation of Floodplain Wetlands in the Ramganga Basin, India." Water 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213520.
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Floodplain wetlands are critical for sustaining various ecological and hydrological functions in a riverine environment. Severe anthropogenic alterations and human occupation of floodplains have threatened these wetlands in several parts of the world. A major handicap in designing sustainable restoration and monitoring strategies for these wetlands is the lack of scientific process-based understanding and information on the basin-scale controls of their degradation. Here, we offer a novel approach to integrate the connectivity of the wetlands with the surrounding landscape along with other attributes such as stream density, hydrometeorological parameters, and groundwater dynamics to explain their degradation and then to prioritise them for restoration and monitoring. We hypothesise that the best possible connectivity scenario for the existence of a wetland would be if (a) the wetland has a high connectivity with its upslope area, and (b) the wetland has a low connectivity with its downslope region. The first condition ensures the flow of water into the wetland and the second condition allows longer water residence time in the wetland. Accordingly, we define four connectivity-based wetland health scenarios—good, no impact, bad, and worst. We have implemented the proposed method in 3226 wetlands in the Ramganga Basin in north India. Further, we have applied specific selection criteria, such as distance from the nearest stream and stream density, to prioritise the wetlands for restoration and monitoring. We conclude that the connectivity analysis offers a quick process-based assessment of wetlands’ health status and serves as an important criterion to prioritise the wetlands for developing appropriate management strategies.
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Doss, Terry. "Symposium Abstracts from the Wetland Restoration Section of the SWS." Wetland Science & Practice 38, no. 2 (April 2021): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-214.
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At the December 2020 virtual SWS meeting, the Wetland Restoration Section held a virtual symposium on “Wetland Restoration: Dispelling Myths.” Given past and ongoing stresses on wetlands, coupled with the backdrop of rising sea levels and changing climates, it is likely that ecological restoration will continue to be an important tool in preventing further degradation and increasing ecological diversity. However, too often, due to funding limits, lack of time, knowledge gaps, fatuous regulations, or any number of limitations, our efforts to restore wetland functions and services have fallen short or have resulted in unintended consequences. Our knowledge of wetland science has grown exponentially over the past 40 years, but so too has our awareness of all of the unknowns related to the complexities of the natural world. This symposium focused on dispelling some myths often associated with wetland restoration by examining past projects, scrutinizing common restoration practices, and investigating some of the unplanned outcomes of management actions. We also delved into some of the theoretical questions regarding the management of these complex natural resources, questioning the definition of ecological baseline and levels of intervention. The goal of this symposium was to acknowledge that even after 40 plus years of managing and restoring wetlands, ecological restoration is still a relatively new science and we do not fully comprehend the complexities of our ecosystems. But in looking at past efforts and acknowledging that we cannot control nature, particularly in a changing world with an unknown future, we have developed some ideas and approaches to how to assist in the recovery of wetlands in the future.
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Repel, A. "Restoration of a wetland Čéne in eastern Slovakia." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1209, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1209/1/012077.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the possibility of revitalizing the disappearing wetland of Céne in eastern Slovakia. Due to climate change and anthropogenic interventions in the natural landscape, natural habitats are currently extinct. Wetlands are one such habitat, of which the Céne wetland is a very good example. Wetland Céne is a place of occurrence of rare species of fauna and flora. The paper proposes and evaluates the method of revitalization of the wetland by subsidizing the water in the wetland from the river Tisa through the proposed dam culvert. The paper also evaluates the technical measures that need to be implemented and the economic aspects of this solution.
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Rodrigo, Maria A. "Wetland Restoration with Hydrophytes: A Review." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061035.
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Restoration cases with hydrophytes (those which develop all their vital functions inside the water or very close to the water surface, e.g., flowering) are less abundant compared to those using emergent plants. Here, I synthesize the latest knowledge in wetland restoration based on revegetation with hydrophytes and stress common challenges and potential solutions. The review mainly focusses on natural wetlands but also includes information about naturalized constructed wetlands, which nowadays are being used not only to improve water quality but also to increase biodiversity. Available publications, peer-reviewed and any public domain, from the last 20 years, were reviewed. Several countries developed pilot case-studies and field-scale projects with more or less success, the large-scale ones being less frequent. Using floating species is less generalized than submerged species. Sediment transfer is more adequate for temporary wetlands. Hydrophyte revegetation as a restoration tool could be improved by selecting suitable wetlands, increasing focus on species biology and ecology, choosing the suitable propagation and revegetation techniques (seeding, planting). The clear negative factors which prevent the revegetation success (herbivory, microalgae, filamentous green algae, water and sediment composition) have to be considered. Policy-making and wetland restoration practices must more effectively integrate the information already known, particularly under future climatic scenarios.
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Medland, Sally J., Richard R. Shaker, K. Wayne Forsythe, Brian R. Mackay, and Greg Rybarczyk. "A multi-Criteria Wetland Suitability Index for Restoration across Ontario’s Mixedwood Plains." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 9953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239953.
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Significant wetland loss (~72%; 1.4 million hectares) in the Province of Ontario, Canada, has resulted in damage to important ecosystem services that mitigate the effects of global change. In response, major agencies have set goals to halt this loss and work to restore wetlands to varying degrees of function and area. To aid those agencies, this study was guided by four research questions: (i) Which physical and ecological landscape criteria represent high suitability for wetland reconstruction? (ii) Of common wetland suitability metrics, which are most important? (iii) Can a multi-criteria wetland suitability index (WSI) effectively locate high and low wetland suitability across the Ontario Mixedwood Plains Ecozone? (iv) How do best sites from the WSI compare and contrast to both inventories of presettlement wetlands and current existing wetlands? The WSI was created based on seven criteria, normalized from 0 (low suitability) to 10 (high suitability), and illustrated through a weighted composite raster. Using an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and importance determined from a scoping review of relevant literature, soil drainage had the greatest meaning and weight within the WSI (48.2%). The Getis-Ord Gi* index charted statistically significant “hot spots” and “cold spots” of wetland suitability. Last, the overlay analysis revealed greater similarity between high suitability sites and presettlement wetlands supporting the severity of historic wetland cannibalization. In sum, this transferable modeling approach to regional wetland restoration provides a prioritization tool for improving ecological connectivity, services, and resilience.
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Jones, Riley, Rebecca Swab, and Stephen Spear. "Evaluating the Floral and Avian Communities of an Ohio Wetland at The Wilds: 7 Years After Restoration." Ohio Journal of Science 120, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v120i2.6630.
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Wetland restorations have become an important tool in ecosystem management and have contributed to stabilizing hydrology and nutrient cycles, increasing native plant cover, and improving water quality. Long-term monitoring is essential for evaluating the success of a wetland restoration. However, wetland restorations are often monitored for short time periods compared to the timescale on which some abiotic factors change. Vegetative and avian assessments were conducted for a partially restored wetland on a reclaimed mine site, located at The Wilds® in Cumberland, Ohio. These assessments were performed from June through August 2018, 7 years after the initial restoration, using the unrestored portion as a comparison to evaluate restoration effectiveness. The restored wetland is characterized by open water with emergent vegetation, whereas the unrestored portion is largely a dense cattail (Typhus spp.) stand with low levels of standing water. The vegetative surveys used the Ohio EPA's Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity for Emergent Vegetation (VIBI-E) and the bird surveys used a modified point count method. VIBI-E data are available for the study wetland from 1 year before restoration until summer 2018, while the avian study represents the first bird point count survey in the 2 wetland categories. The year 7 VIBI-E score of the restored section was the highest it has been since the restoration occurred and indicated "good" quality based on Ohio EPA scoring. The year 7 VIBI-E of the unrestored section has not changed since monitoring started and indicated "restorable" quality. The bird surveys showed higher richness associated with the restored wetland areas. These results demonstrate both the ecological value of wetland restoration and the ability for wetland restoration to maintain the ecological benefits over several years.
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Downard, Becka. "Great Salt Lake wetland vegetation and what it tells us about environmental gradients, drought, and disturbance." Geosites 51 (January 14, 2024): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/ugap.v51i.140.
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Great Salt Lake (GSL) wetlands support more than 300 species of migratory birds and provide many ecosystem functions, including flood and drought attenuation, dust mitigation, and water quality improvement. Wetland vegetation is a key factor in providing those services and can also tell us about how healthy a wetland is. From 2103 to 2022, 135 GSL wetlands were surveyed to develop a multi-metric index of GSL wetland condition. That wetland condition data, along with environmental variables like soil and water chemistry and physical disturbance, are summarized here as 1) an ecological characterization of the three main types of GSL wetlands, 2) a description of how the plant community differs across environmental and anthropogenic disturbance gradients, and 3) assessment of the major risks to GSL wetland health. GSL wetland plant species are generally resistant to environmental disturbance because of the anatomical and physical adaptations that allow them to survive in dynamic wetland environments. However, land use conversion and the rapid expansion of invasive species, the major threats to GSL wetland health, have seriously degraded wetland condition around GSL. In addition to being useful in wetland monitoring and assessment, the results presented here can also identify wetlands in need of enhanced protection or those with restoration potential as well as setting realistic wetland restoration goals for the region.
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Li, Yangli, Gaoyuan Wang, Tian Chen, and Erli Zeng. "Spatial Planning Strategies for Wetlands Based on a Multimethod Approach: The Example of Tianjin in China." Water 15, no. 19 (September 25, 2023): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15193356.
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Wetlands form a crucial component of ecosystems, and wetland restoration serves as an effective strategy for promoting sustainable urban development. Spatial support is essential for wetland restoration, meaning that research on wetland spatial planning is of considerable importance. Existing studies on wetland spatial planning primarily focus on the analysis of wetland spatial distribution characteristics, with limited exploration of wetland spatial relationships. This paper aims to explore the potential of utilizing both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships to identify wetland spatial issues, thereby facilitating the formulation of wetland spatial planning strategies. Using Tianjin City as a case study, this research applies nearest neighbor analysis, the geographic concentration index, the Gini index, and kernel density analysis to identify the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands in Tianjin. Additionally, spatial autocorrelation analysis and connectivity analysis are employed to identify the interrelationships among wetlands in Tianjin. Based on the results derived from the analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships, wetland spatial planning strategies are proposed. The effectiveness of these strategies is validated using methods that consider both spatial distribution characteristics and spatial relationships. The findings reveal that, although wetlands in Tianjin are widely distributed, large wetland patches are primarily concentrated in areas with abundant water resources, while the six districts within the city have few or no large patches of wetlands. The spatial distribution of wetlands is highly uneven, exhibiting patterns of high–high aggregation and low–low aggregation. The number of connecting paths between wetland patches is relatively low, indicating a generally low overall connectivity. While medium-sized and larger wetland patches maintain the connectivity of existing wetlands in Tianjin, small wetlands that serve as stepping stones are lacking. Following the implementation of planning strategies, there would be an increase in the wetland area in Tianjin, accompanied by significant improvements in the spatial distribution pattern and spatial relationships of the wetlands.
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Ye, Siyuan, Lixin Pei, Lei He, Liujuan Xie, Guangming Zhao, Hongming Yuan, Xigui Ding, et al. "Wetlands in China: Evolution, Carbon Sequestrations and Services, Threats, and Preservation/Restoration." Water 14, no. 7 (April 3, 2022): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071152.
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China has a wetland area of 53.42 million hectares, the fourth largest in the world; it includes all types of wetlands defined by the Ramsar Convention and has a carbon sink capacity of more than 1.71 million metric tons per year. Inland wetlands in China are mainly distributed in 10 major catchments, among which the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the rivers in the northwest, and the rivers in the northeast each have more than 8 million hectares of wetlands. There are 4220 species of plants and 4015 species of animals in China’s wetland ecosystem. The wetland resources that have been developed and utilized include edible products, reeds for paper making, peat for fertilizer, fuel for power generation, and chemical, pharmaceutical, ceramic, and building materials. However, wetland areas in China have shrunk by about 54% since 1980. In recent years, China’s central government has set great store by Chinese wetlands, and although 49.03% of wetland area is now officially protected, many issues have confounded the implementation of that protection. It is imperative that knowledge gained from scientific research be used to formulate a sound wetland protection and management plan that takes into consideration social, economic, and ecological issues in a way that facilitates the sustainable use of wetland resources and informs decision-makers of the paths that must be followed to achieve that goal.
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Taillardat, Pierre, Benjamin S. Thompson, Michelle Garneau, Karelle Trottier, and Daniel A. Friess. "Climate change mitigation potential of wetlands and the cost-effectiveness of their restoration." Interface Focus 10, no. 5 (August 14, 2020): 20190129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0129.
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The cost-effective mitigation of climate change through nature-based carbon dioxide removal strategies has gained substantial policy attention. Inland and coastal wetlands (specifically boreal, temperate and tropical peatlands; tundra; floodplains; freshwater marshes; saltmarshes; and mangroves) are among the most efficient natural long-term carbon sinks. Yet, they also release methane (CH 4 ) that can offset the carbon they sequester. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on wetland carbon dynamics to (i) determine their impact on climate using different metrics and time horizons, (ii) investigate the cost-effectiveness of wetland restoration for climate change mitigation, and (iii) discuss their suitability for inclusion in climate policy as negative emission technologies. Depending on metrics, a wetland can simultaneously be a net carbon sink (i.e. boreal and temperate peatlands net ecosystem carbon budget = −28.1 ± 19.13 gC m −2 y −1 ) but have a net warming effect on climate at the 100 years time-scale (i.e. boreal and temperate peatland sustained global warming potential = 298.2 ± 100.6 gCO 2 eq −1 m −2 y −1 ). This situation creates ambivalence regarding the effect of wetlands on global temperature. Moreover, our review reveals high heterogeneity among the (limited number of) studies that document wetland carbon budgets. We demonstrate that most coastal and inland wetlands have a net cooling effect as of today. This is explained by the limited CH 4 emissions that undisturbed coastal wetlands produce, and the long-term carbon sequestration performed by older inland wetlands as opposed to the short lifetime of CH 4 in the atmosphere. Analysis of wetland restoration costs relative to the amount of carbon they can sequester revealed that restoration is more cost-effective in coastal wetlands such as mangroves (US$1800 ton C −1 ) compared with inland wetlands (US$4200–49 200 ton C −1 ). We advise that for inland wetlands, priority should be given to conservation rather than restoration; while for coastal wetlands, both conservation and restoration may be effective techniques for climate change mitigation.
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Spieles, Douglas J. "Wetland Construction, Restoration, and Integration: A Comparative Review." Land 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2022): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040554.
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In response to the global loss and degradation of wetland ecosystems, extensive efforts have been made to reestablish wetland habitat and function in landscapes where they once existed. The reintroduction of wetland ecosystem services has largely occurred in two categories: constructed wetlands (CW) for wastewater treatment, and restored wetlands (RW) for the renewal or creation of multiple ecosystem services. This is the first review to compare the objectives, design, performance, and management of CW and RW, and to assess the status of efforts to combine CW and RW as Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICW). These wetland systems are assessed for their ecological attributes and their relative contribution to ecosystem services. CW are designed to process a wide variety of wastewaters using surface, subsurface, or hybrid treatment systems. Designed and maintained within narrow hydrologic parameters, CW can be highly effective at contaminant transformation, remediation, and sequestration. The ecosystem services provided by CW are limited by their status as high-stress, successionally arrested systems with low landscape connectivity and an effective lifespan. RW are typically situated and designed for a greater degree of connection with regional ecosystems. After construction, revegetation, and early successional management, RW are intended as self-maintaining ecosystems. This affords RW a broader range of ecosystem services than CW, though RW system performance can be highly variable and subject to invasive species and landscape-level stressors. Where the spatial and biogeochemical contexts are favorable, ICW present the opportunity to couple CW and RW functions, thereby enhancing the replacement of wetland services on the landscape.
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McLean, Kyle, David Mushet, and Jon Sweetman. "Climate and Land Use Driven Ecosystem Homogenization in the Prairie Pothole Region." Water 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193106.
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The homogenization of freshwater ecosystems and their biological communities has emerged as a prevalent and concerning phenomenon because of the loss of ecosystem multifunctionality. The millions of prairie-pothole wetlands scattered across the Prairie Pothole Region (hereafter PPR) provide critical ecosystem functions at local, regional, and continental scales. However, an estimated loss of 50% of historical wetlands and the widespread conversion of grasslands to cropland make the PPR a heavily modified landscape. Therefore, it is essential to understand the current and potential future stressors affecting prairie-pothole wetland ecosystems in order to conserve and restore their functions. Here, we describe a conceptual model that illustrates how (a) historical wetland losses, (b) anthropogenic landscape modifications, and (c) climate change interact and have altered the variability among remaining depressional wetland ecosystems (i.e., ecosystem homogenization) in the PPR. We reviewed the existing literature to provide examples of wetland ecosystem homogenization, provide implications for wetland management, and identify informational gaps that require further study. We found evidence for spatial, hydrological, chemical, and biological homogenization of prairie-pothole wetlands. Our findings indicate that the maintenance of wetland ecosystem multifunctionality is dependent on the preservation and restoration of heterogenous wetland complexes, especially the restoration of small wetland basins.
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Sun, Jiajun, Yajie Zhang, Guangyu Ma, Junhong Xiao, Yajing Cai, Zhi Wang, and Hongbin Cao. "Study on water purification with warm and cold season aquatic plants." E3S Web of Conferences 260 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126001016.
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As a national key protection and restoration project, ecological restoration of Baiyangdian Wetland has an important significance for environmental management. As the research area in Zaozhadian wetland, the purification effect of warm season and cold season aquatic plants was studied under different overflying water qualities. It provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the ecological environment restoration and management of wetlands. The results showed that the warm season and cold season aquatic plants all played important roles on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal and maintained the stable water environmental from the nutrient release from soil. The warm season plant-mixed Myriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum demersum and the cold season plant-Potamogeton crispus L. can be reasonably configurated for the wetland restoration.
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Mitsch, William J. "Restoration of our lakes and rivers with wetlands – an important application of ecological engineering." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0290.
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The role of wetlands, both natural and man-made, in improving water quality of streams, rivers, and lakes is illustrated with examples of fringe, instream, and riparian wetlands. Fringe wetlands have been shown to reduce inputs to freshwater lakes, instream wetlands can improve habitat and provide some water quality function to small streams, and riparian wetlands along larger rivers provide important roles in both capturing sediments and nutrients from the river itself and serving as buffer between uplands and the river. Two major experimental riparian wetland sites in Midwestern USA are introduced: The Des Plaines River Wetland Demonstration Project and the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park.
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Meng, Wei Qing, Bei Bei Hu, and Zhong Liang Wang. "Coastal Wetland Degradation and its Restoration Planning Incorporating Landscape and Ecological Processes in Tianjin, Northern China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 4123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4123.
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Coastal wetlands are the main natural ecosystem type and provide important ecosystem services. During the past thirty years, wetlands had experienced increasing pressures from occupation and degradation with coastal economic activities in Tianjin. A large amount of natural wetland had been changed into artificial wetland, and rivers had been seriously polluted. Using remote-sensing images, the recent history of the dynamics for the shoreline changes and reclamation were described. The area of reclamation land increased from 52.32 km2 in 2004 to 312.78 km2 in 2010. Following the investigation, 232 species wetland plants were found and they are belongs to 46 families and 135 genera. The community is mainly composed of herbs, and no big trees were founded as high salt content in soil and groundwater. The coastal wetland vegetation succession rules were summarized based on investigation and a wetland protection and restoration program was put forward based on the vegetation succession sequence and the landscape context. The planning includ two wetland protection sites, two wetland restoration sites, one wetland park and one wetland education site to reconstruct the ecological integrity in Tianjin coastal region.
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Ma, Chun, Guang Yu Zhang, Xiao Chun Zhang, Bin Zhou, and Xin Li. "Water Environmental Management for Wetland Restoration for Tianjin National Natural Reserve in China." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.638.
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Wetlands are distributed between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystems with unique hydrology, soil, vegetation and biological characteristics of ecosystems. This kind of ecosystem is one of the most diverse ecosystem and important habitats. However, degradation and loss of wetlands increased with highly human disturbance. Thus, wetland restoration becomes the world’s concern and focus. Water resource management is a key step for wetland restoration. The goal of this study is to calculate the water requirement for Tianjin National Natural Reserve, and to put forward countermeasures for wetland sustainable management. It is hoped that the research will serve as a reference to study environmental management and to analyze different policy alternatives with an integrated, systemic approach.
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Xing, Liwei, Liang Chi, Shuqing Han, Jianzhai Wu, Jing Zhang, Cuicui Jiao, and Xiangyang Zhou. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Wetland in Dongting Lake Based on Multi-Source Satellite Observation Data during Last Two Decades." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 30, 2022): 14180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114180.
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Monitoring the dynamics of wetland resources has practical value for wetland protection, restoration and sustainable utilization. Dongting Lake wetland reserves are well known for both their intra-annual and inter-annual dynamic changes due to the effects of natural or human factors. However, most wetland monitoring research has failed to consider the seasonal wetlands, which is the most fragile wetland type, requiring more attention. In this study, we used multi-source time series remote sensing data to monitor three Dongting Lake wetland reserves between 2000 and 2020, and the seasonal wetlands were separated from permanent wetlands. Multispectral and indices time series were generated at 30 m resolution using a two-month composition strategy; the optimal features were then selected using the extension of the Jeffries–Matusita distance (JBh) and random forest (RF) importance score; yearly wetland maps were identified using the optimal features and the RF classifier. Results showed that (1) the yearly wetland maps had good accuracy, and the overall accuracy and kappa coefficients of all wetland maps from 2000 to 2020 were above 89.6% and 0.86, respectively. Optimal features selected by JBh can improve both computational efficiency and classification accuracy. (2) The acreage of seasonal wetlands varies greatly among multiple years due to inter-annual differences in precipitation and evaporation. (3) Although the total wetland area of the three Dongting Lake wetland reserves remained relatively stable between 2000 and 2020, the acreage of the natural wetland types still decreased by 197.0 km2, and the change from natural wetland to human-made wetland (paddy field) contributed the most to this decrease. From the perspective of the ecological community, the human-made wetland has lower ecological function value than natural wetlands, so the balance between economic development and ecological protection in the three Dongting Lake wetland reserves requires further evaluation. The outcomes of this study could improve the understanding of the trends and driving mechanisms of wetland dynamics, which has important scientific significance and application value for the protection and restoration of Dongting Lake wetland reserves.
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Matchett, Elliott L., and Joseph P. Fleskes. "Waterbird Habitat in California's Central Valley Basins Under Climate, Urbanization, and Water Management Scenarios." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122016-jfwm-095.
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Abstract California's Central Valley provides critical, but threatened habitat and food resources for migrating and wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, and other waterbirds. To assist in conservation planning, the Central Valley Joint Venture identified nine basins in the Valley. The basins vary in composition and extent of habitats, which primarily include croplands and wetlands that rely on water supplies shared with other competing human and environmental uses. Changes in climate, urban development, and water supply management are uncertain and could reduce future availability of water supplies supporting waterbird habitats and limit effectiveness of wetland restoration planned by the Central Valley Joint Venture to support wintering waterbirds. We modeled 17 plausible scenarios including combinations of 3 climate projections, 3 urbanization rates, and 5 water-supply management options to promote agricultural and urban water uses, with and without wetland restoration. Our research examines the reduction in quantity and quality of habitats during the autumn migration–wintering period by basin under each scenario, and the efficacy of planned wetland restoration to compensate for reductions in flooded areas of wetland habitats. Scenario combinations of projected climate, urbanization, and water-supply management options reduced availability of flooded cropland and wetland habitats during autumn–winter and degraded the quality of seasonal wetlands (i.e., summer irrigation for improved forage production), though the extent and frequency of impacts varied by basin. Planned wetland restoration may substantially compensate for scenario-related effects on wetland habitats in each basin. However, results indicate that Colusa, Butte, Sutter, San Joaquin, and Tulare basins may require additional conservation to support summer irrigation of seasonal wetlands and winter flooding of cropland habitats. Still further conservation may be required to provide sufficient areas of flooded seasonal and semipermanent wetlands in San Joaquin and Tulare basins during autumn–winter. The main objective of this research was to provide decision support for achieving waterbird conservation goals in the valley and to inform Central Valley Joint Venture's regional conservation planning.
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Xu, Ting, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Kun Wang, Xiangnan Li, Wuxia Bi, Meng Li, Xiangjun Cheng, and Yinxue Liu. "Wetlands of International Importance: Status, Threats, and Future Protection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101818.
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The 2303 Wetlands of International Importance distribute unevenly in different continents. Europe owns the largest number of sites, while Africa has the largest area of sites. More than half of the sites are affected by three or four impact factors (55%). The most significant impact factors are pollution (54%), biological resources use (53%), natural system modification (53%), and agriculture and aquaculture (42%). The main affected objects are land area and environment of the wetlands, occurred in 75% and 69% of the sites, respectively. The types most affected by land area occupation are river wetlands and lake wetlands, the types with the greatest impact on environment are marine/coastal wetlands and river wetlands, the type with the greatest impact on biodiversity is river wetlands, the types most affected by water resources regulation are marsh wetlands and river wetlands, and the types most affected by climate change are lake wetlands and marine/coastal wetlands. About one-third of the wetland sites have been artificially reconstructed. However, it is found that the proportions of natural wetland sites not affected or affected by only one factor are generally higher than that of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands, while the proportions of wetland sites both containing natural wetlands and human-made wetlands affected by three or four factors are generally higher than that of natural wetland sites. Wetland sites in the UK and Ireland are least affected among all countries. Wetland management plans in different regions still have large space for improvement, especially in Africa and Asia. The protection and restoration of global wetlands can be carried out in five aspects, including management and policy, monitoring, restoration, knowledge, and funding.
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Cui, Linlin, Guosheng Li, Yanhui Chen, and Lijuan Li. "Response of Landscape Evolution to Human Disturbances in the Coastal Wetlands in Northern Jiangsu Province, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112030.
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Human disturbance is one of the essential driving forces of landscape evolution. The quantitative evaluation of the spatial and temporal characteristics of landscape evolution and its relationship with human disturbance are of great significance to regional ecological protection and management and are crucial for achieving coordinated socioeconomic development and ecological–environmental protection. In this study, we took the coastal wetlands in northern Jiangsu province, China, as the research area, and proposed a quantitative evaluation method for directional landscape evolution. On this basis, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the landscape evolution from 1980 to 2020 and the relationship with human disturbance were quantitatively evaluated by combining a human disturbance index and statistical methods. The results showed that: (1) The area of the natural wetlands decreased significantly over the past 40 years, while the areas of artificial wetlands and non-wetlands increased significantly. (2) The landscape evolution process was dominated by the degradation process. The main types of degradation were natural wetland conversion to artificial wetland and non-wetland areas and Spartina alterniflora invasion. The restoration type was mainly restoration among artificial and natural wetlands. (3) The degradation of wetland landscapes demonstrated a southward shift trend and the spatial consistency with the change of the human disturbance index was high (the correlation coefficient was 0.89). (4) The human disturbance index was significantly and positively correlated with the rate of degradation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.43, and was not significantly and positively correlated with the restoration rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.14. The findings in this paper provide additional information and theoretical guidance for the control of coastal wetland development and utilization, as well as for achieving coordinated wetland resource development together with utilization and ecological protection in the coastal wetlands of Jiangsu province, China.
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Luo, Pingjia, Mengchu Zhang, and Shiyuan Zhou. "Research on the Reconstruction of Aquatic Vegetation Landscape in Coal Mining Subsidence Wetlands Based on Ecological Water Level." Water 16, no. 10 (May 8, 2024): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16101339.
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The eastern region of the Huang-Huai area is vital for China’s coal production, with high water table mining causing significant surface subsidence and the formation of interconnected coal mining subsidence wetlands. Restoring these wetlands is crucial for biodiversity, environmental quality, and sustainable development. Aquatic vegetation plays a crucial role in wetland ecosystems, underscoring its importance in restoration efforts. Understanding and managing water level fluctuations is essential due to their impact on vegetation. This study examines the Qianshiliying coal mining subsidence wetland in the Yanzhou Mining Area, China, with the goal of devising a water level regulation plan based on the minimum ecological water level to improve the growth and recovery of aquatic vegetation. The research delves into landscape ecological restoration techniques for aquatic vegetation in coal mining subsidence wetlands in the eastern Huang-Huai region, emphasizing the importance of water level management. The results reveal that the minimum ecological water level in the Qianshiliying coal mining subsidence wetland is 32.50 m, and an area of 78.09 hectares is suitable for the reconstruction of aquatic vegetation. This paper utilizes lake morphology, minimum biological space, and water level demand methods for aquatic plants in the landscape to promote restoration of coal mining subsidence wetlands. A notable strength of this approach is its ability to quantitatively predict the survival range and area of aquatic vegetation in these wetlands, enabling a more scientifically informed restoration of ecological balance and promoting landscape ecological restoration in the eastern Huang-Huai region.
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Jin, Weixia, and Michael McCarthy. "BOLSA CHICA WETLANDS RESTORATION INLET DESIGN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (February 2, 2011): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.management.46.
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Bolsa Chica Wetlands is one of a few recently restored large wetlands in Southern California of the United States. The project required restoration of tidal flooding of some isolated wetlands while minimizing impacts to the shoreline adjacent to the new inlet and maintenance costs, preserving endangered species on site, and maintaining oil field operations along the periphery of the project. The project created a direct connection to the ocean through wetland basins that included a full tidal basin, muted tidal basins and seasonal ponds linked by a series of ocean jetties, levees, water control structures, culverts, and channels. The inlet is a key project feature and has been the focus of numerous technical studies and numerical modeling tasks. As part of theses analyses, a pre-filled ebb bar was designed and about 1 million cubic yards of clean sand from the lowlands dredging was placed offshore to minimize the anticipated impacts of the inlet opening to the shoreline. This paper presents the inlet location selection, inlet and wetland hydrodynamics, inlet dimension optimization, inlet stability analyses, and jettied inlet entrance design. It also discusses findings of comparison between model predictions and field measurements of tidal elevations and sediment accumulations in the wetland basin since the completion of the project in August 2006. This project received the first Project Excellence Award from COPRI (Coasts, Oceans, Ports and Rivers Institute) of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2008.
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Zhang, Yong, Bo Cao, Qiyue Zhang, Shifeng Cui, Baoshan Cui, and Jizeng Du. "Responses of Urban Wetland to Climate Change and Human Activities in Beijing: A Case Study of Hanshiqiao Wetland." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084530.
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Hydrological connectivity is an essential indicator of wetland pattern and functional stability. The reduction of connectivity usually means the degradation of wetland ecological function, internal energy flow, and nutrient cycle disturbance. Taking Hanshiqiao wetland as a case, we used Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) with the Connectivity Index (IIC, Integral Index of Connectivity; PC, Probability of Connectivity) to analyze the change in hydrological connectivity of Hanshiqiao Wetland from both spatial and temporal aspects. The results showed that the hydrological connectivity of Hanshiqiao Wetland significantly improved with the implementation of the wetland restoration project. According to the changes in MSPA function types, the spatial morphological evolution of Hanshiqiao Wetland can be divided into two stages: the recovery stage and the stable stage. In the restoration stage, the area of the core wetland gradually increased, and many croplands and islet wetlands were transformed into the core wetland. The area of the core wetland recovered from 33 hm2 in 2005 to 119 hm2 in 2020. However, during the stable period, the landscape pattern of Hanshiqiao Wetland did not change significantly, and the hydrological connectivity of the wetland was mainly affected by water resource supply. In general, during the restoration period of Hanshiqiao Wetland, the changes in core wetlands played a leading role in the hydrological connectivity of Hanshiqiao Wetland. In the stable period, the main factors affecting the hydrological connectivity of Hanshiqiao Wetland are upstream recharge water, land-use change, and climate change. However, with climate warming and population surge, upstream water supply gradually decreases, and Hanshiqiao Wetland faces an increasingly severe water resource crisis. Therefore, to maintain the hydrological connectivity of Hanshiqiao Wetland, it is necessary to increase the artificial ecological water supply. The combined MSPA model and grey relational analysis method can better reveal the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of wetland hydrological connectivity, which can provide a methodological reference for other wetland-related research.
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Kao, C. M., and M. J. Wu. "Control of non-point source pollution by a natural wetland." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0278.
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Wetland creation and restoration is a reliable and efficient technology for the remediation of contaminated water. Knowledge from the natural wetland systems would be necessary to enhance the operational efficiency of constructed wetlands. In this study, a mountainous wetland located in McDowell County, North Carolina, USA was selected to demonstrate the effects of the natural filtration and restoration system on the maintenance of surface water quality. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the wetland was 10.5 days based on the results from a dye release study. Water quality monitoring of the wetland was conducted from May to August 1997. One major storm event and baseline water quality samples were collected and analyzed. Analytical results indicate that this wetland removed a significant amount of non-point source (NPS) pollutants [more than 80% N removal, 91% of total suspended solid removal, 59% of total phosphorus removal, and 66% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal] caused by the studied storm event. Sediment accretion monitoring results indicate that the accretion rate in the wetland was only 4 mm/year. Therefore, the wetland would require 100 years to fill at the measured sediment accretion rate. The high organic content of sediments (16%) indicates that the wetland is building the characteristic organic layer on the bottom of the wetland. Results from this study would be very useful in the maintenance of natural wetlands and design of constructed wetlands for water treatment.
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Zhang, Yang, and Jing Shen. "Wetland Restoration Planning Approach Based on Interval Fuzzy Linear Programming under Uncertainty." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 9549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189549.
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When planning wetland restoration projects, the planting area allocation and the costs of the restoration measures are two major issues faced by decision makers. In this study, a framework based on the interval fuzzy linear programming (IFLP) method is introduced for the first time to plan wetland restoration projects. The proposed framework can not only effectively deal with interval and fuzzy uncertainties that exist in the planning process of wetland restorations but also handle trade-offs between ecological environment benefits and economic cost. This framework was applied to a real-world wetland restoration planning problem in the northeast of China to verify its validity and examine the credibility of the constraints. The optimized results obtained from the framework that we have developed indicate that higher ecological and social benefits can be obtained with optimal restoration costs after using the wetland restoration decision-making framework. The optimal restoration measure allocation schemes obtained by IFLP under different credibility levels can help decision makers generate a range of alternatives, which can also provide decision suggestions to local managers to generate a satisfactory decision-making plan. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the IFLP model and ILP model in this study. The comparison results indicate that the IFLP model provides more information regarding ecological environment and economic trade-offs between the system objective, certainty, and reliability. This framework provides managers with an effective way to plan wetland restoration projects, while transference of the model may help solve similar problems.
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Peralta, Ariane L., Jeffrey W. Matthews, and Angela D. Kent. "Microbial Community Structure and Denitrification in a Wetland Mitigation Bank." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 13 (May 7, 2010): 4207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02977-09.
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ABSTRACT Wetland mitigation is implemented to replace ecosystem functions provided by wetlands; however, restoration efforts frequently fail to establish equivalent levels of ecosystem services. Delivery of microbially mediated ecosystem functions, such as denitrification, is influenced by both the structure and activity of the microbial community. The objective of this study was to compare the relationship between soil and vegetation factors and microbial community structure and function in restored and reference wetlands within a mitigation bank. Microbial community composition was assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism targeting the 16S rRNA gene (total bacteria) and the nosZ gene (denitrifiers). Comparisons of microbial function were based on potential denitrification rates. Bacterial community structures differed significantly between restored and reference wetlands; denitrifier community assemblages were similar among reference sites but highly variable among restored sites throughout the mitigation bank. Potential denitrification was highest in the reference wetland sites. These data demonstrate that wetland restoration efforts in this mitigation bank have not successfully restored denitrification and that differences in potential denitrification rates may be due to distinct microbial assemblages observed in restored and reference (natural) wetlands. Further, we have identified gradients in soil moisture and soil fertility that were associated with differences in microbial community structure. Microbial function was influenced by bacterial community composition and soil fertility. Identifying soil factors that are primary ecological drivers of soil bacterial communities, especially denitrifying populations, can potentially aid the development of predictive models for restoration of biogeochemical transformations and enhance the success of wetland restoration efforts.
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Wu, Chun Yi, Yu Tung Fu, Zong Han Yang, Chih Ming Kao, and Yao Ting Tu. "Using Multi-Function Constructed Wetland for Urban Stream Restoration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3072.
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In 2007, a 2.8-ha multi-function constructed wetland was successfully built in Pingtung County, Taiwan to improve the water quality of local stream and ecosystem of the surrounding environment. The mean inflow rate was approximately 1,350 m3/day. The major influents of the wetland come from the local drainage ditches and streams mainly containing returned water from upstream farmlands and secondary wastewater from hog farms located in the upper catchment of the wetland. Thus, the influents contain moderate to high concentrations of organics and nutrients. The mean measured hydraulic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, water depth, and total volume of wetland system were 0.1 m/day, 5.5 days, 0.7 m, and 7,800 m3, respectively. In this study, water, sediment, and plant samples were collected and analyzed quarterly for each wetland basin during the two-year investigation period. Results show that more than 77% of total coliforms (TC), 78% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 88% of total nitrogen (TN), and 96% of ammonia nitrogen were removed via the constructed wetland system. Thus, the wetland system has a significant effect on water quality improvement and is able to remove most of the pollutants from the local stream through natural attenuation mechanisms. Except for stream water quality improvement and rehabilitating the natural ecosystem, this wetland also offers more water assessable eco-ponds and eco-gardens for public. This constructed wetland has become one of the most successful multi-function constructed wetlands in Taiwan.
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Burruss, Ann. "Coastal wetland restoration." Wetlands 22, no. 4 (December 2002): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0801:r]2.0.co;2.
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Li, Heying, Jiayao Wang, Jianchen Zhang, Fen Qin, Jiyuan Hu, and Zheng Zhou. "Analysis of Characteristics and Driving Factors of Wetland Landscape Pattern Change in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015." Land 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060564.
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The study of the temporal and spatial evolution of wetland landscapes and its driving factors is an important reference for wetland ecological restoration and protection. This article utilized seven periods of land use data in Henan Province from 1980 to 2015 to extract the spatial distribution characteristics of wetlands and analyze the temporal and spatial changes of wetlands in Henan Province. Transfer matrix, landscape metrics, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis were applied to calculate and analyze the transformation types and area of wetland resources between all consecutive periods, and then the main driving factors of wetland expansion/contraction were explored. First, the total wetland area in Henan Province increased by 28% from 1980 to 2015, and the increased wetland area was mainly constructed wetlands, including paddy field, reservoir and pond, and canal. Natural wetlands such as marsh, lake, and floodplain decreased by 74%. Marsh area declined the most during 1990–1995, and was mainly transformed into floodplain and “Others” because of agricultural reclamation, low precipitation, and low Yellow River runoff. The floodplain area dropped the most from 2005 to 2010, mainly converted to canals and “Others” because of reclamation, exploitation of groundwater, the construction of the South–to–North Water Transfer Project, and recreational land development. Second, the results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that economic factors were positively correlated with the area of some constructed wetlands and negatively correlated with the area of some natural wetlands. Socioeconomic development was the main driving factors for changes in wetland types. The proportion of wetland habitat in Henan Province in 2015 was only 0.3%, which is low compared to the Chinese average of 2.7%. The government should pay more attention to the restoration of natural wetlands in Henan Province.
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Mitsch, W. J. "Applying science to conservation and restoration of the world's wetlands." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (April 1, 2005): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0215.
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The world has an estimated 7 to 9 million km2 of wetlands which can be defined through their hydrology, physiochemical environment, and biota. Many human cultures have lived in harmony with wetland environments for centuries. Many others have not, resulting in drainage or severe impact of wetlands throughout the world. Conservation of wetlands needs to be a priority for the cultural and ecological values they provide. But a more optimistic note is that large-scale restoration and re-creation of wetlands and riverine systems is beginning to happen throughout the world through ecological engineering. Examples of large-scale wetland restoration projects are presented for Delaware Bay, the Skjern River (Denmark), Florida Everglades, Louisiana Delta, the Mississippi River Basin, and the Mesopotamian Marshlands of Iraq.
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Wu, Xiaolan, Xiaoyan Bu, Suocheng Dong, Yushuang Ma, Yan Ma, Yarong Ma, Yulian Liu, Haixian Wang, Xiaomin Wang, and Jiarui Wang. "The Impact of Restoration and Protection Based on Sustainable Development Goals on Urban Wetland Health: A Case of Yinchuan Plain Urban Wetland Ecosystem, Ningxia, China." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2023): 12287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612287.
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Drawing heavily upon the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), an SDG–pressure–state–response (PSR)–ecological–economic–social (EES) model and an index system for wetland ecosystem health assessment were constructed from the three dimensions of environment, economy, and society. By using the Yinchuan Plain urban wetlands in the Yellow River Basin of China as a case study, their ecological health status from 2000 to 2020 was systematically evaluated by integrating information from remote sensing technology, geographic information technology, field sampling, information entropy (IE), a landscape index, and a Comprehensive Evaluation Index. The results show that the restoration and protection of wetland ecosystems have achieved remarkable results in the Yinchuan Plain. The wetland ecological health index has significantly increased from 0.26 to 0.67, which is an increase of 157.7%, and the health level increased from poor (II) to sub-healthy (IV). Factors restricting the healthy development of wetland ecology in the Yinchuan Plain include wetland construction, investment, population density, the number of tourists, and fertilizer use. The research results show that the wetland restoration and protection have achieved specific environmental, economic, and social results in the Yinchuan Plain. However, we also need to pay attention to increasing the investment in wetland environmental governance, strictly controlling the intensity of land use and the total amount of chemical fertilizer applied in various regions, scientifically carrying out wetland restoration and protection, reasonably coordinating the relationship between environment and society, and providing technical and decision-making support for wetland management and protection. This study provides a reference for the ecological governance and sustainable development of wetlands in large river basins worldwide.
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Affam, Augustine Chioma, Jacqueline Wong Yun Fei, and Wong Chee Chung. "Peat Soil Ecosystem Restoration for Development of a Wetland- a review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012038.
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Abstract Constructed wetlands are sustainable wastewater treatment technology and have been used to treat a variety of wastewaters for decades, including domestic and industrial wastewaters. They take advantage of many of the same processes that occur in natural wetlands but do so in a more controlled or engineered system. To date, surface flow and subsurface flow wetlands are the two main categories of constructed wetland applications. On the other hand, peat soil is the decomposed organic matter that have built up over thousands of years, with high moisture content. Peat soil management is imperative to maintain the mire ecosystem. The use of rhizosphere biodegradation, phyto-stabilization and phyto-accumulation have shown the possibility of improving water quality of wetland associated with peat soil. Thus, the aim of this work is to present a review in the role of constructed wetland system for peat soil management and the water quality as restoration measures of the peat soil ecosystem to promote its suitability for agricultural purpose.
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Zhang, Zhijie, Liping Lei, Zhonghua He, Yali Su, Liwei Li, Xiaofan Wang, and Xudong Guo. "Tracking Changing Evidences of Water in Wetland Using the Satellite Long-Term Observations from 1984 to 2017." Water 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061602.
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Wetlands have been degrading and reducing under the influences of human activity and climate change. Landsat long-term observations can help us better track the changing evidences of wetland habitats that would be valuable for guiding the restoration and conservation of wetland. In this study, we demonstrated the results of tracking the changing evidence of wetland habitats using Landsat observations from 1984 to 2017 through the case study of Baiyangdian wetland in China. We extracted the open water and classified the wetland habitats using collected 190 scenes from Landsat observations. As a result, we found that the yearly variations of wetland present phasic changes in three phases: 1988–1998, 1999–2011 and 2013–2017. The landscape of wetland habitats presented during 1989–1999 mostly show us the natural spatial pattern with less human disturbance traces compared to that during 2013–2017. The water environment, moreover, changed for the better after the 2010s, which indicated the encouraging effects of the environmental restoration project implemented from the year 2010. The current landscapes of wetland habitats, however, present lots of linear belts that are blocking the water cycles and ecological channels of aquatic plants and animals in the wetland. The areas in the northwestern wing and around the northeastern edge of the wetland are changing to be drier due to cropping activities and are at risk of wetland loss. These historical changing evidences could be a guideline for planning and designing restoration for the wetland.
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Frazier, Paul, and Ken Page. "The effect of river regulation on floodplain wetland inundation, Murrumbidgee River, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05089.
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River regulation by headwater dams has altered the flow regime of rivers worldwide. For floodplain rivers, reduced connectivity between the main channel and floodplain wetlands has led to a decline in ecological health. Current river restoration theory advocates a return towards a more natural regime of floodplain wetland inundation. However, for many rivers, a poor understanding of the natural floodplain wetland inundation regime has hampered effective restoration management. This paper describes a technique for quantifying the effect of flow regulation on the inundation regime of floodplain wetlands on an extended reach of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia. A series of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images, captured before and after a set of floods, was analysed to describe the relationship between flow and inundation for a 640 km river reach. These data were combined with historical regulated and modelled natural daily flow data to show that river regulation has reduced the duration and frequency of wetland inundation by ~40%. For the majority of wetlands the capture of small and medium floods in the headwater dams reduced wetland inundation substantially. However, for low connecting wetlands in reaches upstream of the main irrigation off-takes, summer irrigation flows have increased inundation.
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Brown, Stephen C. "Remnant seed banks and vegetation as predictors of restored marsh vegetation." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-038.
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Selection of sites for wetland restoration requires analysis of probable success at recreating diverse natural vegetation. We studied the seed banks and the remnant vegetation at restoration sites to determine their degree of similarity to the vegetation that developed following restoration of wetland hydrology. The study sites had been used for forage crops and pasture following long-term drainage. The seed bank was a very poor predictor of plant species abundances following restoration. Similarity between remnant vegetation and restored vegetation was consistently higher than similarity values using seed banks at both restored and natural wetlands. Our results suggest that seed-bank analysis is an inefficient technique for predicting restored vegetation in sites with prolonged disturbance, and that analysis of remnant vegetation on the sites is probably more useful. However, results would probably differ at sites with tile drainage that have limited remnant vegetation or created wetlands with bare soil where seed germination would play a greater role in revegetation. In addition, seed-bank studies are important to determine if aggressive invasive species are present at potential restoration sites.Key words: seed banks, wetlands, restoration, marshes, vegetation.
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Zhu, Xiang Hong, and Zeng Bin Jiang. "Restoration of Eco-River in Hefeng Village." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.963.
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Restoration of eco-river took advantage of double river canal, tegular dam, and wetland system to purify wastewater from Hefeng village. The river flood control standard could meet 50-year flood with double river canals. And tegular dams were piled up of eco-bags which could come into buds and plants. They divided the river into 5 wetlands. In the wetland, bacterial was oxidized and decomposed, and algae carried out photosynthesis. Diversified aquatic vegetation and animal were introduced. They formed intricate food chains to degradate organisms and assimilate inorganic substance. The eco-river purified water, and made friendly habitat for all the creatures.