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Academic literature on the topic 'Wetlands Research Unit'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wetlands Research Unit"
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Wang, Hui, Changchun Song, and Kaishan Song. "Regional Ecological Risk Assessment of Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain with Respect to Human Disturbance." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051974.
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Characterization of the intensity of regional human disturbances on wetlands is an important scientific issue. In this study, the pole-axis system (involving multi-level central places and roads) was recognized as a proxy of direct risk to wetlands stemming from human activities at the regional or watershed scale. In this respect, the pole-axis system and central place theory were adopted to analyze the spatial agglomeration characteristics of regional human activities. Soil erosion and non-point source (NPS) pollution, indicating the indirect effect of human activities on wetlands, were also considered. Based on these human disturbance proxies, which are considered regional risk sources to wetlands, incorporated with another two indicators of regional environment, i.e., vulnerability and ecological capital indexes, the regional ecological risk assessment (RERA) framework of wetlands was finally established. Using this wetland RERA framework, the spatial heterogeneity of risk grades within the Naoli River Basin, a typical concentrated wetland region in the Sanjiang Plain, was analyzed. The results showed that (1) high- and very high-risk source intensity areas displayed a ring-shape distribution pattern, which reflected the influence of the regional pole-axis system; (2) owing to their high ecological capital value per unit area and vulnerability level, the wetlands had the highest risk grade, as did central places (i.e., those areas where county seats and administration bureaus of farms were located). In terms of proportion, the low-, medium-, high-, and very high-risk areas accounted for 72.0%, 16.8%, 10.1%, and 1.1% of the study area, respectively. The identification and classification of risk sources to wetlands that are related to human activity at the watershed scale could provide clear perspectives in order to reduce severe risk sources to these areas, especially those Ramsor Convention-appointed sites of international importance. Moreover, the assessment framework used in this paper will provide a helpful reference for related research in the future. Finally, the new management guidelines proposed in this paper will be beneficial for lowering the ecological risk level of wetlands at the watershed or regional scale for the Sanjiang Plain or other wetland-concentrated regions.
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Colares, Gustavo Stolzenberg, Gleison de Souza Celente, Fagner Pereira da Silva, Adrison Carvalho de Loreto, Carlos Alexandre Lutterbeck, Lourdes Teresinha Kist, and Ênio Leandro Machado. "Combined system for the treatment and reuse of urban wastewater: the efficiency of anaerobic reactors + hybrid constructed wetlands + ozonation." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.270.
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Abstract The research developed a combined system in batch flow and in pilot scale for the treatment and reuse of urban effluents. The system was fed raw effluent from a university campus in Brazil and composed of four anaerobic reactors, three constructed wetlands (CWs) and an ozonation unit. The three sequential hybrid constructed wetlands were composed of a floating treatment wetland, an aerobic-anoxic baffled constructed wetland (CW) and a saturated vertifcal flow CW. Later, during the last trimester, weekly samples of the treated effluent were ozonated by bubbling with an application rate of 240 mg.h-1 O3. The system presented high removal rates efficiencies in terms of carbonaceous organic matter (78.9%), nitrogen (91.0%), color (96.7%) and turbidity (99.1%). In addition, it worked well for disinfection and acute ecotoxicity, but P was only efficiently (75%) removed in the first 8 months, with removing efficiency declining after this period. Ozonation provided significant color removal and an increased pH. The combination of floating, alternated upflow and downflow and saturated vertical flows improved the treatment of wastewater. This was due to the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic zones, as well as the filter substrate, through an integrated system with simple construction and operation and increased lifespan.
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V. Kulikov, Aleksandr. "Design and construction of foundations on wetlands." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (October 6, 2018): 2853. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19445.
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The paper reports the excess pore pressures effect (that arises in shrinkable peat foundation) on its own physical mechanical characteristics. The authors suggested the upgraded assembly scheme of the soil pressure sensors (load cells). The laboratory research of the water-saturated macro peat sample was made in compression conditions with “ground lock” and modeling of the experiment with Plaxis 2D software system. The unit deformation-pressure graph and excessive pore pressure against time in different steps of load graph were built and based on this findings.
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Koottatep, Thammarat, and Chongrak Polprasert. "Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0424.
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Major interactive components of the constructed wetlands such as aquatic vegetation, substratum, water, microorganisms and animals play significant roles in the treatment of wastewaters. For nitrogen (N) removal, a sequential nitrification/denitrification reaction and plant uptake are two major treatment mechanisms, while NH3 volatilization is considered to be insignificant under the liquid pH lower than 8. In this research, both laboratory- and pilot-scale constructed wetlands were operated in the free water surface (FWS) mode. In order to investigate the role of plant uptake of N, narrow-leave cattails (Typha augustifolia) were planted at the initial density of 35 rhizomes/m2. Based on N mass balance, approximately 50% of the total nitrogen (TN) loaded into the constructed wetlands, operating at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–10 days, was accounted for by the amount of N assimilation into the plant tissues, resulting in the total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 40–70% and 71–83%, respectively. To further investigate the role of plant uptake, the cattail plants harvested at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of operation resulted in the TN removal efficiencies of 73, 78, 86 and 80%, respectively. The constructed wetland unit having the plant harvesting interval of 8 weeks yielded the N plant uptake of 7.1–7.5 kg/(ha.day) amounting to 66–71% of the TN input. Some biogeochemical parameters such as oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the constructed wetland beds suggested the occurrence of anoxic and reduced conditions which were favorable for the N removal processes such as plant uptake, ammonification, and nitrification/denitrification.
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Cota, R. S., M. von Sperling, and R. C. S. Penido. "Tracer studies and hydraulic behaviour of planted and un-planted vertical-flow constructed wetlands." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 1056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.544.
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The aim of this research was to assess the hydraulic behaviour of three intermittently-fed vertical flow wetland units operated in parallel, designed for the treatment of raw wastewater generated in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The system was designed to serve 100 PE (∼1 m2/PE). The first filter was planted with cattail (Typha latifolia), the second with Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) and the third was maintained without plants (control unit). NaCl tracer tests were conducted to determine the residence time distribution. The tests were done with water when the system was unused (clean media) and also after an 11-month operation period with wastewater (used media), using two different dosing regimes (lower and higher frequency). Results showed a strong tendency towards the hydraulic completely mixed regime. A great dispersion in the units and the presence of short circuiting and dead zones were observed. The unsaturated condition in a large volume of the filter, even during the draining stage, was confirmed for the three units. The dosing regime, the resting period duration, the age of the filter and the presence of plants were found to influence the hydraulic processes in the units.
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Barreto, A. B., G. R. Vasconcellos, M. von Sperling, P. Kuschk, U. Kappelmeyer, and J. L. Vasel. "Field application of a planted fixed bed reactor (PFR) for support media and rhizosphere investigation using undisturbed samples from full-scale constructed wetlands." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 4 (May 20, 2015): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.238.
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This study presents a novel method for investigations on undisturbed samples from full-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCW). The planted fixed bed reactor (PFR), developed at the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), is a universal test unit for planted soil filters that reproduces the operational conditions of a constructed wetland (CW) system in laboratory scale. The present research proposes modifications on the PFR original configuration in order to allow its operation in field conditions. A mobile device to obtain undisturbed samples from real-scale HSSFCW was also developed. The experimental setting is presented with two possible operational configurations. The first allows the removal and replacement of undisturbed samples in the CW bed for laboratory investigations, guaranteeing sample integrity with a mobile device. The second allows the continuous operation of the PFR and undisturbed samples as a fraction of the support media, reproducing the same environmental conditions outside the real-scale system. Investigations on the hydrodynamics of the adapted PFR were carried out with saline tracer tests, validating the proposed adaptation. Six adapted PFR units were installed next to full-scale HSSFCW beds and fed with interstitial liquid pumped from two regions of planted and unplanted support media. Fourteen points were monitored along the system, covering carbon fractions, nitrogen and sulfate. The results indicate the method as a promising tool for investigations on CW support media, rhizosphere and open space for studies on CW modeling, respirometry, kinetic parameters, microbial communities, redox potential and plant influence on HSSFCW.
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Hayman, G. D., F. M. O'Connor, M. Dalvi, D. B. Clark, N. Gedney, C. Huntingford, C. Prigent, et al. "Comparison of the HadGEM2 climate-chemistry model against in situ and SCIAMACHY atmospheric methane data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 23 (December 12, 2014): 13257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13257-2014.
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Abstract. Wetlands are a major emission source of methane (CH4) globally. In this study, we evaluate wetland emission estimates derived using the UK community land surface model (JULES, the Joint UK Land Earth Simulator) against atmospheric observations of methane, including, for the first time, total methane columns derived from the SCIAMACHY instrument on board the ENVISAT satellite. Two JULES wetland emission estimates are investigated: (a) from an offline run driven with Climatic Research Unit–National Centers for Environmental Prediction (CRU-NCEP) meteorological data and (b) from the same offline run in which the modelled wetland fractions are replaced with those derived from the Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites (GIEMS) remote sensing product. The mean annual emission assumed for each inventory (181 Tg CH4 per annum over the period 1999–2007) is in line with other recently published estimates. There are regional differences as the unconstrained JULES inventory gives significantly higher emissions in the Amazon (by ~36 Tg CH4 yr−1) and lower emissions in other regions (by up to 10 Tg CH4 yr−1) compared to the JULES estimates constrained with the GIEMS product. Using the UK Hadley Centre's Earth System model with atmospheric chemistry (HadGEM2), we evaluate these JULES wetland emissions against atmospheric observations of methane. We obtain improved agreement with the surface concentration measurements, especially at high northern latitudes, compared to previous HadGEM2 runs using the wetland emission data set of Fung et al. (1991). Although the modelled monthly atmospheric methane columns reproduce the large-scale patterns in the SCIAMACHY observations, they are biased low by 50 part per billion by volume (ppb). Replacing the HadGEM2 modelled concentrations above 300 hPa with HALOE–ACE assimilated TOMCAT output results in a significantly better agreement with the SCIAMACHY observations. The use of the GIEMS product to constrain the JULES-derived wetland fraction improves the representation of the wetland emissions in JULES and gives a good description of the seasonality observed at surface sites influenced by wetlands, especially at high latitudes. We find that the annual cycles observed in the SCIAMACHY measurements and at many of the surface sites influenced by non-wetland sources cannot be reproduced in these HadGEM2 runs. This suggests that the emissions over certain regions (e.g. India and China) are possibly too high and/or the monthly emission patterns for specific sectors are incorrect. The comparisons presented in this paper show that the performance of the JULES wetland scheme is comparable to that of other process-based land surface models. We identify areas for improvement in this and the atmospheric chemistry components of the HadGEM Earth System model. The Earth Observation data sets used here will be of continued value in future evaluations of JULES and the HadGEM family of models.
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Bus, Agnieszka, and Agnieszka Karczmarczyk. "Supporting constructed wetlands in P removal efficiency from surface water." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 11 (March 3, 2017): 2554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.134.
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The research investigated the implementation of suspended reactive filters to support the phosphorus (P) removal efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs). The reactive material (RM) used in this study was autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The laboratory experiment consists of four plastic boxes filled with the volume of 10 L of artificial P solution with three variants of RM mass to volume ratio: 1:1 (g:L), 5:1 (g:L), 10:1 (g:L), and the blind probe 0:1 (g:L) as a reference. AAC of different weights (10, 50 and 100 g) was wrapped in a filter bag, put into boxes, and suspended. After 30 days of the laboratory experiment, AAC was able to reduce the P-PO4 concentration from 2.972 mg·L−1 to: 0.341 mgPO4-P·L−1, 0.006 mgPO4-P·L−1 and 0.004 mgPO4-P·L−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g mass variant, respectively. This concentration reduction corresponds to unit sorption of: 2.53 mgP-PO4·g−1, 0.58 mgP-PO4·g−1 and 0.30 mgP-PO4·g−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g, respectively. Based on the obtained data, the CW supporting filter was dimensioned to reduce the outflow P concentration to 0.01 mg·L−1. P removal efficiency prediction was calculated for Cetynia River, Poland.
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Białowiec, Andrzej, Karolina Sobieraj, Grzegorz Pilarski, and Piotr Manczarski. "The Oxygen Transfer Capacity of Submerged Plant Elodea densa in Wastewater Constructed Wetlands." Water 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030575.
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There are insufficient data for the development of process design criteria for constructed wetlands systems based on submerged plants as a major treatment agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxygen transfer capacity (OTC) of E. densa, in relation to wet plants’ mass (w.m.), and the influence of E. densa on the oxygen concentration and contaminants’ removal efficiency from municipal wastewater. The obtained oxygen concentration and temperature data allowed to calculate the OTC values (mg O2·L−1·h−1), which had been related to wet plants’ mass unit (mg O2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1). The efficiency of wastewater treatment was determined in relation to initial wastewater content in the mixture of wastewater and tap water (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) during 3 days of the experiment duration. The simulation of day and night conditions was done by artificial lighting. Before and after finishing the second experiment, the COD, Ntotal, and P-PO4 concentration were analyzed in wastewater solutions. The OTC ranged from 3.19 to 8.34 (mgO2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1), and the increase of OTC value was related to the increase of wet plant’s mass. The research showed that E. densa affected positively on the wastewater treatment efficiency, and the highest efficiency was achieved in 25% wastewater solution: 43.6% for COD, 52.9% for Ntotal, 14.9% for P-PO4.
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Ortigara, A. R. C., P. Foladori, and G. Andreottola. "Kinetics of heterotrophic biomass and storage mechanism in wetland cores measured by respirometry." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.547.
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Although oxygen uptake rate has been widely used in activated sludge for measuring kinetic and stoichiometric parameters or for wastewater characterization, its application in constructed wetlands (CWs) cores has been recently proposed. The aim of this research is to estimate the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of the heterotrophic biomass in CW cores. Respirometric tests were carried out with pure carbonaceous substrate and real wastewater. Endogenous respiration was about 2 gO2 m−3 h−1 (per unit of bed volume), while the kinetic parameters obtained for COD oxidation were very high (maximum rate per unit of bed volume of 10.7–26.8 gCOD m−3 h−1) which indicates high biodegradation potential in fully aerobic environment. Regarding to stoichiometric parameter, the maximum growth yield, YH, was 0.56–0.59 mgCOD/mgCOD, while the storage yield, YSTO, was 0.75–0.77 mgCOD/mgCOD. The storage mechanism was observed in CW cores during COD oxidation, which leads to the transformation of the external soluble substrate in internal storage products, probably as response to intermittent loads applied in CW systems, transient concentrations of readily biodegradable substrate and alternance of feast/famine periods.
Books on the topic "Wetlands Research Unit"
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Wildlife after gravel: Twenty years of practical research by the Game Conservancy and ARC. Fordingbridge: Game Conservancy, 1992.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Wetlands Research Unit"
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Bunting, Jaime, Jaime Bunting, Krysta Hougen, Krysta Hougen, Mary Helen Gillen, and Mary Helen Gillen. "WORKING COOPERATIVELY WITH SCHOOL SYSTEMS TO INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION WITH A LOCAL CONTEXT INTO SCHOOL SYSTEM CURRICULUM." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316d74df5.
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In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Audubon has worked with local school systems to integrate climate science units into upper elementary and middle school curriculum. Pickering Creek Audubon Center worked closely with public schools to implement grade-wide climate programming with students in fifth and sixth grade. Through participation in the Maryland and Delaware Climate Change Education, Assessment, and Research project and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Climate Stewards Education Project we are sharing these successes with statewide partners and working towards implementing climate change curriculum more broadly across the state. Through academic and teacher professional development programs, Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators train teachers on integrating climate science into their current lessons and review and collaborate on parts of the program teachers will lead in the classroom. Students are connected to climate change through a series of engaging in class and field activities over the course of several weeks. With the term “global climate change” making climate change seem more like a global problem and less like a local problem, Pickering Creek educators use wetlands and birds as examples of local habitats and wildlife impacted by climate change. Through these lessons led by Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators and augmented by material covered by classroom teachers, students get a thorough introduction into the mechanism of climate change, local impacts of climate change on habitats and wildlife, and actions they can take as a community to mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Bunting, Jaime, Jaime Bunting, Krysta Hougen, Krysta Hougen, Mary Helen Gillen, and Mary Helen Gillen. "WORKING COOPERATIVELY WITH SCHOOL SYSTEMS TO INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION WITH A LOCAL CONTEXT INTO SCHOOL SYSTEM CURRICULUM." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b939a830007.66788692.
Full textAbstract:
In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Audubon has worked with local school systems to integrate climate science units into upper elementary and middle school curriculum. Pickering Creek Audubon Center worked closely with public schools to implement grade-wide climate programming with students in fifth and sixth grade. Through participation in the Maryland and Delaware Climate Change Education, Assessment, and Research project and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Climate Stewards Education Project we are sharing these successes with statewide partners and working towards implementing climate change curriculum more broadly across the state. Through academic and teacher professional development programs, Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators train teachers on integrating climate science into their current lessons and review and collaborate on parts of the program teachers will lead in the classroom. Students are connected to climate change through a series of engaging in class and field activities over the course of several weeks. With the term “global climate change” making climate change seem more like a global problem and less like a local problem, Pickering Creek educators use wetlands and birds as examples of local habitats and wildlife impacted by climate change. Through these lessons led by Pickering Creek Audubon Center educators and augmented by material covered by classroom teachers, students get a thorough introduction into the mechanism of climate change, local impacts of climate change on habitats and wildlife, and actions they can take as a community to mitigate the effects of climate change.