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1
Wang, Hui, Changchun Song, and Kaishan Song. "Regional Ecological Risk Assessment of Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain with Respect to Human Disturbance." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051974.
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Characterization of the intensity of regional human disturbances on wetlands is an important scientific issue. In this study, the pole-axis system (involving multi-level central places and roads) was recognized as a proxy of direct risk to wetlands stemming from human activities at the regional or watershed scale. In this respect, the pole-axis system and central place theory were adopted to analyze the spatial agglomeration characteristics of regional human activities. Soil erosion and non-point source (NPS) pollution, indicating the indirect effect of human activities on wetlands, were also considered. Based on these human disturbance proxies, which are considered regional risk sources to wetlands, incorporated with another two indicators of regional environment, i.e., vulnerability and ecological capital indexes, the regional ecological risk assessment (RERA) framework of wetlands was finally established. Using this wetland RERA framework, the spatial heterogeneity of risk grades within the Naoli River Basin, a typical concentrated wetland region in the Sanjiang Plain, was analyzed. The results showed that (1) high- and very high-risk source intensity areas displayed a ring-shape distribution pattern, which reflected the influence of the regional pole-axis system; (2) owing to their high ecological capital value per unit area and vulnerability level, the wetlands had the highest risk grade, as did central places (i.e., those areas where county seats and administration bureaus of farms were located). In terms of proportion, the low-, medium-, high-, and very high-risk areas accounted for 72.0%, 16.8%, 10.1%, and 1.1% of the study area, respectively. The identification and classification of risk sources to wetlands that are related to human activity at the watershed scale could provide clear perspectives in order to reduce severe risk sources to these areas, especially those Ramsor Convention-appointed sites of international importance. Moreover, the assessment framework used in this paper will provide a helpful reference for related research in the future. Finally, the new management guidelines proposed in this paper will be beneficial for lowering the ecological risk level of wetlands at the watershed or regional scale for the Sanjiang Plain or other wetland-concentrated regions.
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Colares, Gustavo Stolzenberg, Gleison de Souza Celente, Fagner Pereira da Silva, Adrison Carvalho de Loreto, Carlos Alexandre Lutterbeck, Lourdes Teresinha Kist, and Ênio Leandro Machado. "Combined system for the treatment and reuse of urban wastewater: the efficiency of anaerobic reactors + hybrid constructed wetlands + ozonation." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.270.
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Abstract The research developed a combined system in batch flow and in pilot scale for the treatment and reuse of urban effluents. The system was fed raw effluent from a university campus in Brazil and composed of four anaerobic reactors, three constructed wetlands (CWs) and an ozonation unit. The three sequential hybrid constructed wetlands were composed of a floating treatment wetland, an aerobic-anoxic baffled constructed wetland (CW) and a saturated vertifcal flow CW. Later, during the last trimester, weekly samples of the treated effluent were ozonated by bubbling with an application rate of 240 mg.h-1 O3. The system presented high removal rates efficiencies in terms of carbonaceous organic matter (78.9%), nitrogen (91.0%), color (96.7%) and turbidity (99.1%). In addition, it worked well for disinfection and acute ecotoxicity, but P was only efficiently (75%) removed in the first 8 months, with removing efficiency declining after this period. Ozonation provided significant color removal and an increased pH. The combination of floating, alternated upflow and downflow and saturated vertical flows improved the treatment of wastewater. This was due to the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic zones, as well as the filter substrate, through an integrated system with simple construction and operation and increased lifespan.
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V. Kulikov, Aleksandr. "Design and construction of foundations on wetlands." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (October 6, 2018): 2853. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19445.
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The paper reports the excess pore pressures effect (that arises in shrinkable peat foundation) on its own physical mechanical characteristics. The authors suggested the upgraded assembly scheme of the soil pressure sensors (load cells). The laboratory research of the water-saturated macro peat sample was made in compression conditions with “ground lock” and modeling of the experiment with Plaxis 2D software system. The unit deformation-pressure graph and excessive pore pressure against time in different steps of load graph were built and based on this findings.
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Koottatep, Thammarat, and Chongrak Polprasert. "Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0424.
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Major interactive components of the constructed wetlands such as aquatic vegetation, substratum, water, microorganisms and animals play significant roles in the treatment of wastewaters. For nitrogen (N) removal, a sequential nitrification/denitrification reaction and plant uptake are two major treatment mechanisms, while NH3 volatilization is considered to be insignificant under the liquid pH lower than 8. In this research, both laboratory- and pilot-scale constructed wetlands were operated in the free water surface (FWS) mode. In order to investigate the role of plant uptake of N, narrow-leave cattails (Typha augustifolia) were planted at the initial density of 35 rhizomes/m2. Based on N mass balance, approximately 50% of the total nitrogen (TN) loaded into the constructed wetlands, operating at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–10 days, was accounted for by the amount of N assimilation into the plant tissues, resulting in the total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 40–70% and 71–83%, respectively. To further investigate the role of plant uptake, the cattail plants harvested at the intervals of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of operation resulted in the TN removal efficiencies of 73, 78, 86 and 80%, respectively. The constructed wetland unit having the plant harvesting interval of 8 weeks yielded the N plant uptake of 7.1–7.5 kg/(ha.day) amounting to 66–71% of the TN input. Some biogeochemical parameters such as oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the constructed wetland beds suggested the occurrence of anoxic and reduced conditions which were favorable for the N removal processes such as plant uptake, ammonification, and nitrification/denitrification.
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Cota, R. S., M. von Sperling, and R. C. S. Penido. "Tracer studies and hydraulic behaviour of planted and un-planted vertical-flow constructed wetlands." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 1056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.544.
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The aim of this research was to assess the hydraulic behaviour of three intermittently-fed vertical flow wetland units operated in parallel, designed for the treatment of raw wastewater generated in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The system was designed to serve 100 PE (∼1 m2/PE). The first filter was planted with cattail (Typha latifolia), the second with Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) and the third was maintained without plants (control unit). NaCl tracer tests were conducted to determine the residence time distribution. The tests were done with water when the system was unused (clean media) and also after an 11-month operation period with wastewater (used media), using two different dosing regimes (lower and higher frequency). Results showed a strong tendency towards the hydraulic completely mixed regime. A great dispersion in the units and the presence of short circuiting and dead zones were observed. The unsaturated condition in a large volume of the filter, even during the draining stage, was confirmed for the three units. The dosing regime, the resting period duration, the age of the filter and the presence of plants were found to influence the hydraulic processes in the units.
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Barreto, A. B., G. R. Vasconcellos, M. von Sperling, P. Kuschk, U. Kappelmeyer, and J. L. Vasel. "Field application of a planted fixed bed reactor (PFR) for support media and rhizosphere investigation using undisturbed samples from full-scale constructed wetlands." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 4 (May 20, 2015): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.238.
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This study presents a novel method for investigations on undisturbed samples from full-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCW). The planted fixed bed reactor (PFR), developed at the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), is a universal test unit for planted soil filters that reproduces the operational conditions of a constructed wetland (CW) system in laboratory scale. The present research proposes modifications on the PFR original configuration in order to allow its operation in field conditions. A mobile device to obtain undisturbed samples from real-scale HSSFCW was also developed. The experimental setting is presented with two possible operational configurations. The first allows the removal and replacement of undisturbed samples in the CW bed for laboratory investigations, guaranteeing sample integrity with a mobile device. The second allows the continuous operation of the PFR and undisturbed samples as a fraction of the support media, reproducing the same environmental conditions outside the real-scale system. Investigations on the hydrodynamics of the adapted PFR were carried out with saline tracer tests, validating the proposed adaptation. Six adapted PFR units were installed next to full-scale HSSFCW beds and fed with interstitial liquid pumped from two regions of planted and unplanted support media. Fourteen points were monitored along the system, covering carbon fractions, nitrogen and sulfate. The results indicate the method as a promising tool for investigations on CW support media, rhizosphere and open space for studies on CW modeling, respirometry, kinetic parameters, microbial communities, redox potential and plant influence on HSSFCW.
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Hayman, G. D., F. M. O'Connor, M. Dalvi, D. B. Clark, N. Gedney, C. Huntingford, C. Prigent, et al. "Comparison of the HadGEM2 climate-chemistry model against in situ and SCIAMACHY atmospheric methane data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 23 (December 12, 2014): 13257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13257-2014.
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Abstract. Wetlands are a major emission source of methane (CH4) globally. In this study, we evaluate wetland emission estimates derived using the UK community land surface model (JULES, the Joint UK Land Earth Simulator) against atmospheric observations of methane, including, for the first time, total methane columns derived from the SCIAMACHY instrument on board the ENVISAT satellite. Two JULES wetland emission estimates are investigated: (a) from an offline run driven with Climatic Research Unit–National Centers for Environmental Prediction (CRU-NCEP) meteorological data and (b) from the same offline run in which the modelled wetland fractions are replaced with those derived from the Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites (GIEMS) remote sensing product. The mean annual emission assumed for each inventory (181 Tg CH4 per annum over the period 1999–2007) is in line with other recently published estimates. There are regional differences as the unconstrained JULES inventory gives significantly higher emissions in the Amazon (by ~36 Tg CH4 yr−1) and lower emissions in other regions (by up to 10 Tg CH4 yr−1) compared to the JULES estimates constrained with the GIEMS product. Using the UK Hadley Centre's Earth System model with atmospheric chemistry (HadGEM2), we evaluate these JULES wetland emissions against atmospheric observations of methane. We obtain improved agreement with the surface concentration measurements, especially at high northern latitudes, compared to previous HadGEM2 runs using the wetland emission data set of Fung et al. (1991). Although the modelled monthly atmospheric methane columns reproduce the large-scale patterns in the SCIAMACHY observations, they are biased low by 50 part per billion by volume (ppb). Replacing the HadGEM2 modelled concentrations above 300 hPa with HALOE–ACE assimilated TOMCAT output results in a significantly better agreement with the SCIAMACHY observations. The use of the GIEMS product to constrain the JULES-derived wetland fraction improves the representation of the wetland emissions in JULES and gives a good description of the seasonality observed at surface sites influenced by wetlands, especially at high latitudes. We find that the annual cycles observed in the SCIAMACHY measurements and at many of the surface sites influenced by non-wetland sources cannot be reproduced in these HadGEM2 runs. This suggests that the emissions over certain regions (e.g. India and China) are possibly too high and/or the monthly emission patterns for specific sectors are incorrect. The comparisons presented in this paper show that the performance of the JULES wetland scheme is comparable to that of other process-based land surface models. We identify areas for improvement in this and the atmospheric chemistry components of the HadGEM Earth System model. The Earth Observation data sets used here will be of continued value in future evaluations of JULES and the HadGEM family of models.
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Bus, Agnieszka, and Agnieszka Karczmarczyk. "Supporting constructed wetlands in P removal efficiency from surface water." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 11 (March 3, 2017): 2554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.134.
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The research investigated the implementation of suspended reactive filters to support the phosphorus (P) removal efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs). The reactive material (RM) used in this study was autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The laboratory experiment consists of four plastic boxes filled with the volume of 10 L of artificial P solution with three variants of RM mass to volume ratio: 1:1 (g:L), 5:1 (g:L), 10:1 (g:L), and the blind probe 0:1 (g:L) as a reference. AAC of different weights (10, 50 and 100 g) was wrapped in a filter bag, put into boxes, and suspended. After 30 days of the laboratory experiment, AAC was able to reduce the P-PO4 concentration from 2.972 mg·L−1 to: 0.341 mgPO4-P·L−1, 0.006 mgPO4-P·L−1 and 0.004 mgPO4-P·L−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g mass variant, respectively. This concentration reduction corresponds to unit sorption of: 2.53 mgP-PO4·g−1, 0.58 mgP-PO4·g−1 and 0.30 mgP-PO4·g−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g, respectively. Based on the obtained data, the CW supporting filter was dimensioned to reduce the outflow P concentration to 0.01 mg·L−1. P removal efficiency prediction was calculated for Cetynia River, Poland.
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Białowiec, Andrzej, Karolina Sobieraj, Grzegorz Pilarski, and Piotr Manczarski. "The Oxygen Transfer Capacity of Submerged Plant Elodea densa in Wastewater Constructed Wetlands." Water 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030575.
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There are insufficient data for the development of process design criteria for constructed wetlands systems based on submerged plants as a major treatment agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxygen transfer capacity (OTC) of E. densa, in relation to wet plants’ mass (w.m.), and the influence of E. densa on the oxygen concentration and contaminants’ removal efficiency from municipal wastewater. The obtained oxygen concentration and temperature data allowed to calculate the OTC values (mg O2·L−1·h−1), which had been related to wet plants’ mass unit (mg O2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1). The efficiency of wastewater treatment was determined in relation to initial wastewater content in the mixture of wastewater and tap water (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) during 3 days of the experiment duration. The simulation of day and night conditions was done by artificial lighting. Before and after finishing the second experiment, the COD, Ntotal, and P-PO4 concentration were analyzed in wastewater solutions. The OTC ranged from 3.19 to 8.34 (mgO2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1), and the increase of OTC value was related to the increase of wet plant’s mass. The research showed that E. densa affected positively on the wastewater treatment efficiency, and the highest efficiency was achieved in 25% wastewater solution: 43.6% for COD, 52.9% for Ntotal, 14.9% for P-PO4.
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Ortigara, A. R. C., P. Foladori, and G. Andreottola. "Kinetics of heterotrophic biomass and storage mechanism in wetland cores measured by respirometry." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.547.
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Although oxygen uptake rate has been widely used in activated sludge for measuring kinetic and stoichiometric parameters or for wastewater characterization, its application in constructed wetlands (CWs) cores has been recently proposed. The aim of this research is to estimate the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of the heterotrophic biomass in CW cores. Respirometric tests were carried out with pure carbonaceous substrate and real wastewater. Endogenous respiration was about 2 gO2 m−3 h−1 (per unit of bed volume), while the kinetic parameters obtained for COD oxidation were very high (maximum rate per unit of bed volume of 10.7–26.8 gCOD m−3 h−1) which indicates high biodegradation potential in fully aerobic environment. Regarding to stoichiometric parameter, the maximum growth yield, YH, was 0.56–0.59 mgCOD/mgCOD, while the storage yield, YSTO, was 0.75–0.77 mgCOD/mgCOD. The storage mechanism was observed in CW cores during COD oxidation, which leads to the transformation of the external soluble substrate in internal storage products, probably as response to intermittent loads applied in CW systems, transient concentrations of readily biodegradable substrate and alternance of feast/famine periods.
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Quispe Ramos, Rolando Zócimo, Doris Maritza Chirinos Peinado, José Luis Contreras Paco, and James Curasma Ccente. "Evaluación de pastizales consumidos por alpacas madres y tuis (Vicugna Pacos) en bofedales en época seca, Yauyos, Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research 23, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.219.
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The research was carried out in the alpaca production unit of the Tomas Peasant Community, of the Lima Region, with the aim of identifying the floristic component of the pasture of a wetland area in the dry season of the year and the species that were most consumed by alpacas. Previously, the floristic inventory of 5 hectares of pasture was carried out and 10 mother alpacas and 10 tuis alpacas were assigned. During the study period, stool samples were taken to evaluate the diet by the microhistological method. The chemical components of the six main species of grasses most consumed were analyzed. In the initial inventory 36 species were found, of which the most consumed were 10 that made up approximately 80% of the diet. Chemical analysis shows a crude fiber content in a range between 66,23 to 77,24%, crude protein between 2.49 to 5,21% and vitamin A between 0,08 to 0,37 mg / 100g. The contribution of the present is to identify the species of pasture most consumed by alpacas tuis and mothers, in order to take care in their conservation.
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White, Lori, Robert A. Ryerson, Jon Pasher, and Jason Duffe. "State of Science Assessment of Remote Sensing of Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands: Responding to an Operational Requirement." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183024.
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The purpose of this research was to develop a state of science synthesis of remote sensing technologies that could be used to track changes in Great Lakes coastal vegetation for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Adaptive Management (GLAM) Committee. The mapping requirements included a minimum mapping unit (MMU) of either 2 × 2 m or 4 × 4 m, a digital elevation model (DEM) accuracy in x and y of 2 m, a “z” value or vertical accuracy of 1–5 cm, and an accuracy of 90% for the classes of interest. To determine the appropriate remote sensing sensors, we conducted an extensive literature review. The required high degree of accuracy resulted in the elimination of many of the remote sensing sensors used in other wetland mapping applications including synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical imagery with a resolution >1 m. Our research showed that remote sensing sensors that could at least partially detect the different types of wetland vegetation in this study were the following types: (1) advanced airborne “coastal” Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) with either a multispectral or a hyperspectral sensor, (2) colour-infrared aerial photography (airplane) with (optimum) 8 cm resolution, (3) colour-infrared unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography with vertical accuracy determination rated at 10 cm, (4) colour-infrared UAV photography with high vertical accuracy determination rated at 3–5 cm, (5) airborne hyperspectral imagery, and (6) very high-resolution optical satellite data with better than 1 m resolution.
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Foladori, P., A. R. C. Ortigara, J. Ruaben, and G. Andreottola. "Influence of high organic loads during the summer period on the performance of hybrid constructed wetlands (VSSF + HSSF) treating domestic wastewater in the Alps region." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 5 (March 1, 2012): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.932.
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One of the limits for the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) in mountain regions (such as the Alps) is associated with the considerable land area requirements. In some mountain areas, the treatment of domestic wastewater at popular tourist destinations is particularly difficult during the summer, when the presence of visitors increases hydraulic and organic loads. This paper aims to evaluate whether a hybrid CW plant designed on the basis of the resident population only, can treat also the additional load produced by the floating population during the tourist period (summer, when temperatures are favourable for biological treatment), without a drastic decrease of efficiency and without clogging problems. The research was carried out by considering two operational periods: the first one was based on literature indications (3.2 m2/PE in the VSSF unit) and the second one assumed higher hydraulic and organic loads (1.3 m2/PE in the VSSF unit). The removal efficiency in the hybrid CW system decreased slightly from 94 to 88% for COD removal and from 78 to 75% for total N removal, even after applying a double hydraulic (from 55 to 123 L m−2 d−1) and organic load (from 37 to 87 g COD m−2 d−1 and from 4.4 to 10.3 g TKN m−2 d−1). The results showed that in the summer period the application of high loads did not affect the efficiency of the hybrid CW plant significantly, suggesting that it is possible to refer the CW design to the resident population only, with subsequent considerable savings in superficial area.
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Muñoz, C., G. Gómez, A. I. Stefanakis, C. Plaza de los Reyes, I. Vera-Puerto, and G. Vidal. "Aromatic Compounds and Organic Matter Behavior in Pilot Constructed Wetlands Treating Pinus Radiata and Eucalyptus Globulus Sawmill Industry Leachate." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 5046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235046.
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the fate of aromatic compounds and organic matter in pilot constructed wetlands (CW) treating Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus sawmill industry leachate. Six lab-scale surface flow CW were built and fed in batches. Three CW were fed with P. radiata leachate, while the other three CW were fed with E. globulus leachate. Each group of three CW included two CW planted with Phragmites australis and one unplanted CW as control unit. A stable hydraulic retention time of seven days was maintained in each CW. The organic loading rate was gradually increased in three phases in the CW fed with P. radiata leachate (i.e., from 12 to 19 g COD/m2/day) and with E. globulus leachate (i.e., from 14 to 40 g COD/m2/day). The operation of the six CWs lasted 98 days. The CW treating P. radiata and E. globulus leachate had a similar performance. The highest performance was obtained by the unplanted CW (approximately 10–20% higher than the planted CW), without significant differences observed between the P. radiata and E. globulus leachate treatment, regarding the removal efficiencies of organic matter and total phenolic compounds. The planted systems were probably affected by the high concentrations of these compounds applied, which probably created a toxic environment hindering the microbial community growth.
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Panda, Bibhu Prasad, Manas Barik, Biswajita Mahapatra, Siba Prasad Parida, Aditya Kishore Dash, and Abanti Pradhan. "Relationship Among the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Soil and Water in Different Wetland Ecosystems." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 7 (2020): 1681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22616.
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The quality of life in water bodies depends on their physico-chemical properties and biodiversity. These physico-chemical properties are being disturbed by continuous addition of industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes which make them unfit for different organisms. This study describes the physico-chemical factors in soil and water of all sampled wetlands and the relationship among them in wetland ecosystem. All these analysis were done by using analytical techniques as described by standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. Physico-chemical parameters of water and soil also interlinked and correlated among each other. Sometimes these parameters work as a cycle to maintain the equilibrium in the ecosystem. Higher level of research work is needed to control the source of pollution to wetlands. By controlling the physico-chemical parameters of habitat, the diversity, density and richness of various wetland dependent species can be controlled in wetland ecosystem.
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Kuriata-Potasznik, Angela B., and Sławomir Szymczyk. "Variability of the water availability in a river lake system – A case study of Lake Symsar." Journal of Water and Land Development 31, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0039.
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AbstractIt is predicted that climate change will result in the diminution of water resources available both on global and regional scales. Local climate change is harder to observe and therefore, while counteracting its effects, it seems advisable to undertake studies on pertinent regional and local conditions. In this research, our aim was to assess the impact of a river and its catchment on fluctuations in the water availability in a natural lake which belongs to a post-glacial river and lake system. River and lake systems behave most often like a single interacting hydrological unit, and the intensity of water exchange in these systems is quite high, which may cause temporary water losses. This study showed that water in the analyzed river and lake system was exchanged approx. every 66 days, which resulted from the total (horizontal and vertical) water exchange. Also, the management of a catchment area seems to play a crucial role in the local water availability, as demonstrated by this research, where water retention was favoured by wooded and marshy areas. More intensive water retention was observed in a catchment dominated by forests, pastures and wetlands. Wasteland and large differences in the land elevation in the tested catchment are unfavourable to water retention because they intensify soil evaporation and accelerate the water run-off outside of the catchment. Among the actions which should be undertaken in order to counteract water deficiencies in catchment areas, rational use and management of the land resources in the catchment are most often mentioned.
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Oliveira, Andressa De Almeida Soares, Reinaldo Gaspar Bastos, and Claudinei Fonseca Souza. "Adaptation of domestic effluent for agricultural reuse by biological, physical treatment and disinfection by ultraviolet radiation." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2292.
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Domestic effluent reuse is an alternative for irrigated agriculture in situations of reduced water availability. However, as there is the presence of pathogens in wastewater, the disinfection process is necessary before use. This research evaluated the sanitary and agricultural viability of treated wastewater at a pilot-scale station composed of a septic tank, Wetlands and an ultraviolet radiation (UV) disinfection system. The Sewage Treatment Station (STS) is installed in the Agricultural Sciences Center, UFSCar, in Araras city, SP, and receives 2000 L of sewage daily, which was monitored in terms of pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), magnesium (Mg), total organic carbon (TOC), total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR).The removal efficiency of the parameters was calculated based on the input and output means of each treatment unit. Results indicated removal efficiency for K (68.2%), TN (54.1%) and TP (36.1%). The levels of Na (26.7%) and Ca (22.9%) demonstrated the contribution of these salts to the wastewater; however, SAR did not present any risks for soil sodification. Microbiologically, the STS presented removal efficiency of 4 and 5 log-cycles for TC and E. coli, respectively. Therefore, results of monitoring indicate that the treated wastewater presents sanitary and agricultural viability, and conforms with the current legislation.
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Martínez Girón, Jader, Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera, and Mauricio Quintero-Angel. "Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants." Universitas Scientiarum 24, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc24-1.eovs.
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Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.
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Gu, Xinchen, Aihua Long, Guihua Liu, Jiawen Yu, Hao Wang, Yongmin Yang, and Pei Zhang. "Changes in Ecosystem Service Value in the 1 km Lakeshore Zone of Poyang Lake from 1980 to 2020." Land 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090951.
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Poyang Lake is a typical lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and is the largest freshwater lake in China. The habitat quality of Poyang Lake has been declining in recent years, leading to a series of ecological problems. An ecological risk evaluation, based on land use, is important in order to promote a coordinated development of land use and the ecological environment. In this paper, land use data from the Poyang Lake basin in the corresponding years are interpreted based on the images from the Landsat satellite mission in seven periods from 1980 to 2020. The lake surface and the 1 km lakeshore zone of Poyang Lake are extracted based on the interpreted land use data. Finally, the ecological service value per unit area of the area is measured by combining it with the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value equivalent table, and then with the value of each ecological factor and the value of the changes to land use type. The research results show that: (1) from 1980 to 2000, the lake area of Poyang Lake had an overall decreasing trend (the area slightly increased from 1980 to 1990); from 2000 to 2020, the lake area of Poyang Lake gradually increased (the area slightly decreased from 2015 to 2020). (2) The farmland, forest, grassland and desert areas gradually increased and the wetlands gradually decreased over 40 years; the area of the water body gradually increased from 1980 to 2010, and gradually decreased from 2010 to 2020. (3) The ecosystem service value of the lakeshore zone of Poyang Lake fluctuated around 15,000 × 106 Yuan from year to year.
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Abdurrahman, Muhammad Farid, Imam Santoso, and Erminawati Erminawati. "Hubungan Jenis Dinding dan Atap dengan Suhu dan Kelembaban Rumah Pada Pemukiman Lahan Basah." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v17i2.256.
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The wetland settlements are swamp ecosystems including peat swamps which are affected by fresh and brackish water. One of the characteristics of wetlands has low elevation and affected by tides. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the type of wall and roof with the temperature and humidity of the house in the wetland settlement in Desa Tamban Lupak Kecamatan Kapuas Kuala Kabupaten Kapuas. Research design with Cross Sectional Study. The sample in this study totaled 58 housing units. Data analysis using the Spearman –rho correlation test. Statistical test results showed the type of wall with house temperature has no relationship with the Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.439> α = 0.05. The type of roof with house temperature has no relationship with the Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.204> α = 0.05. The type of wall with house humidity has no relationship with the Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.767> α = 0.05. The type of roof with house humidity has no relationship with the value of Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.099> α = 0.05. This study showed that there was no relationship between the type of wall and roof with the temperature and humidity of the house in a wetland settlement.
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Intan, Muhammad Fadhlan Syuaib. "SIMPANG TIGA ABADI, KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN: JEJAK SUNGAI LAMA DI LAHAN BASAH." JURNAL WALENNAE 17, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/wln.v17i1.361.
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The east coast of South Sumatra is a wetland area that contains many archaeological remains, one of which is the Simpang Tiga Abadi Site, Simpang Tiga Village, Tulung Selapan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. The problem associated with wetlands in the research area is how the past community reached the Simpang Tiga Abadi site to conduct social relations with the local community. The aim of the study was to determine the geological environmental conditions of the study area, the shape and pattern of old river flows in the Eternal Three Junction area, and the position of the old river towards the Lebong Hitam River or the Lumpur River. In addition to the geological conditions of this site, we also discussed the mapping of old river trails, including the flow patterns and relations between old rivers and rivers that are still flowing at this time. The method applied, is literature review, geological survey, and map analysis. The results of field observations prove that the site landscape includes a terrestrial morphological unit with a slope of 0-2%, and the height of the sea level is 1-7 meters. Deranged flow pattern, periodic river, and adult-old river stage. The composition of this site is swamp sediment, quartz sandstone, and tuff, and lineament as a result of geological structures. The old river reconstruction turned out to flow together with the Lebong Hitam River and Lumpur River. The Simpang Tiga Abadi site is inhabited from the 9th century to the 18th century. Pesisir timur Sumatera Selatan merupakan daerah lahan basah yang banyak mengandung tinggalan kepurbakalaan, salah satunya adalah Situs Simpang Tiga Abadi, Desa Simpang Tiga, Kecamatan Tulung Selapan, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Masalah yang terkait dengan lahan basah di wilayah penelitian, adalah bagaimana masyarakat masa lalu mencapai Situs Simpang Tiga Abadi untuk melakukan hubungan sosial dengan masyarakat setempat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan geologi wilayah penelitian, bentuk dan pola aliran sungai lama di wilayah Simpang Tiga Abadi, dan posisi sungai lama tersebut terhadap Sungai Lebong Hitam atau dengan Sungai Lumpur. Selain kondisi geologi situs ini, dibahas pula tentang pemetaan jejak sungai lama, mencakup pola aliran dan hubungan antara sungai lama dengan sungai-sungai yang masih mengalir saat ini. Metode yang diterapkan, adalah kajian pustaka, survei geologi, dan analisis peta. Hasil pengamatan lapangan membuktikan bahwa bentang alam situs termasuk satuan morfologi dataran dengan kemiringan 0-2%, dan ketinggian dari permukaan air laut adalah 1-7 meter. Berpola aliran deranged, sungai periodis, serta berstadia sungai dewasa-tua. Batuan penyusun situs ini adalah endapan rawa, batupasir kuarsa, dan tufa, serta kelurusan sebagai hasil dari struktur geologi. Rekonstruksi sungai lama ternyata alirannya menyatu dengan Sungai Lebong Hitam dan Sungai Lumpur. Situs Simpang Tiga Abadi dihuni dari abad ke-9 hingga abad ke-18.
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Kuhry, Peter, Jiří Bárta, Daan Blok, Bo Elberling, Samuel Faucherre, Gustaf Hugelius, Christian J. Jørgensen, Andreas Richter, Hana Šantrůčková, and Niels Weiss. "Lability classification of soil organic matter in the northern permafrost region." Biogeosciences 17, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-361-2020.
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Abstract. The large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in soils and deposits of the northern permafrost region are sensitive to global warming and permafrost thawing. The potential release of this carbon (C) as greenhouse gases to the atmosphere does not only depend on the total quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) affected by warming and thawing, but it also depends on its lability (i.e., the rate at which it will decay). In this study we develop a simple and robust classification scheme of SOM lability for the main types of soils and deposits in the northern permafrost region. The classification is based on widely available soil geochemical parameters and landscape unit classes, which makes it useful for upscaling to the entire northern permafrost region. We have analyzed the relationship between C content and C-CO2 production rates of soil samples in two different types of laboratory incubation experiments. In one experiment, ca. 240 soil samples from four study areas were incubated using the same protocol (at 5 ∘C, aerobically) over a period of 1 year. Here we present C release rates measured on day 343 of incubation. These long-term results are compared to those obtained from short-term incubations of ca. 1000 samples (at 12 ∘C, aerobically) from an additional three study areas. In these experiments, C-CO2 production rates were measured over the first 4 d of incubation. We have focused our analyses on the relationship between C-CO2 production per gram dry weight per day (µgC-CO2 gdw−1 d−1) and C content (%C of dry weight) in the samples, but we show that relationships are consistent when using C ∕ N ratios or different production units such as µgC per gram soil C per day (µgC-CO2 gC−1 d−1) or per cm3 of soil per day (µgC-CO2 cm−3 d−1). C content of the samples is positively correlated to C-CO2 production rates but explains less than 50 % of the observed variability when the full datasets are considered. A partitioning of the data into landscape units greatly reduces variance and provides consistent results between incubation experiments. These results indicate that relative SOM lability decreases in the order of Late Holocene eolian deposits to alluvial deposits and mineral soils (including peaty wetlands) to Pleistocene yedoma deposits to C-enriched pockets in cryoturbated soils to peat deposits. Thus, three of the most important SOC storage classes in the northern permafrost region (yedoma, cryoturbated soils and peatlands) show low relative SOM lability. Previous research has suggested that SOM in these pools is relatively undecomposed, and the reasons for the observed low rates of decomposition in our experiments need urgent attention if we want to better constrain the magnitude of the thawing permafrost carbon feedback on global warming.
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Lei, Jun Shan, Wei Yin, and Dun Zhu. "Research on Ecological Function Regionalization Based on the Ecological Service Function - Take Shenzhen River and Xinzhou River Estuarine Wetland for Example." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1171.
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The fundamental principles and methods of ecological function regionalization were defined in this paper based on field investigation in the estuarine wetland of Shenzhen River and Xinzhou River. The regionalization scope of the two rivers estuary wetland was delineated, and the main ecological service functions, such as climate regulation, water purification, material production, biodiversity conservation, wildlife habitats, education, recreation and tourism etc., were analyzed and summarized in accordance with the integrity of the eco-system and the administrative divisions status quo. According to the proposed regionalization principles and methods, the two rivers estuary wetland was divided into 6 ecological function units combined with its service functions and distribution characteristics, which were urban construction control area, terrestrial forest ecological belt, futian national mangrove reserves, mangrove restoration area, off-shore tidal flat reservation and estuary waters comprehensive treatment area. For each ecological function units, the leading service functions, Status quo and existing problems were elaborated, the ecological protection, repairation and restoration directions were pointed out, and the strengthening measures of ecological service function were put forward.
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Erawati, Fenny. "Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena L.) terhadap Berbagai Dosis Abu Sekam Padi pada Tanah Rawa Lebak." RAWA SAINS : JURNAL SAINS STIPER AMUNTAI 2, no. 1 (June 6, 2012): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36589/rs.v2i1.8.
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Eggplant is one of the vegetables favored by the community. Lebak wetland has the potential for eggplant vegetable cultivation, but the problem with the soil is the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil that are less favorable. Husk serves to loosen the soil so that it can facilitate plant roots to absorb nutrients. This study aims (i) to determine the growth response and yield of eggplant to various doses of rice husk ash in lebak wetland, (ii) to obtain the best dosage of rice husk ash for growth and yield of eggplant on lebak land. This research was conducted in Hambuku Tengah Village, Sungai Pandan Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency from February - May 2010, this study used a single randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications so that 20 experimental units were obtained, each trial unit contained 4 plant. The factor tested was the dose of perpolibag rice husk ash is a0 = 0 or control, a1 = 100 g, a2 = 200 g, a3 = 300 g, and a4 = 400 g. The results showed that giving of rice husk did not affect all variables observed and did not obtain the best dose of dosing treatment for rice husk ash
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Yuliasni, Rustiana, Bekti Marlena, Syarifa Arum Kusumastuti, and Cholid Syahroni. "Pengolahan Limbah Industri Pengolahan Ikan Dengan Teknologi Gabungan Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)-Wetland." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 20, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v20i1.2941.
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ABSTRACTUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)-Wetland Integrated Technology was applied to treating fish-processing wastewater, taking into account for its simplicity, rapid and economical as well as its capability for reducing pollutant, so the effluent can fulfill effluent standard regulation. The research was carried out by the following steps: identification of wastewater characteristics, WWTP design and construction, and WWTP operational trials. The trials showed that UASB could remove COD average 72.3% and could achieve the highest COD removal of 95.42%, with retention time 24 hours. Wetland could remove COD 52.9% on average and the highest COD removal was 78.22%. Simultaneously UASB-Wetland hybrid Technology could remove 86.25% COD on average, and the highest COD removal was 98.58%. Effluent has compiled the stream standard regulation and can be reused for fish farming.Keywords: fish processing wastewater, high organic wastewater treatment, integrated UASB-Wetland, Anaerobic-Aerobic WWTPABSTRAKTeknologi gabungan Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) - wetland diaplikasikan untuk mengolah air limbah industri pengolahan ikan dengan pertimbangan bahwa teknologi ini murah dan mudah pengoperasiannya serta dapat mereduksi polutan sehingga kualitas effluent memenuhi syarat baku mutu. Instalasi pengolahan limbah terdiri dari unit ekualisasi, UASB dan wetland. Hasil uji coba pengolahan dengan UASB menujukkan bahwa penurunan COD rata-rata 72,3% dengan persen penurunan tertinggi mencapai 95,42% dan penurunan COD dengan proses wetland rata-rata 52,9% dengan penurunan tertinggi mencapai 78,22%. Secara keseluruhan proses IPAL hibrid UASB-Wetland mampu menurunkan nilai COD rata-rata sebesar 86,25% dengan penurunan tertinggi mencapai 98,58%. Limbah terolah (effluent) sudah memenuhi baku mutu yang disyaratkan serta dapat dimanfaatkan kembali (reuse) sebagai sumber air untuk budidaya perikanan darat.Kata kunci: air limbah pengolahan ikan, pengolahan limbah organik tinggi, gabungan UASB-wetland, IPAL anaerobik-aerobik
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Chen, Yan, Regina P. Bracy, Allen D. Owings, and Donald J. Merhaut. "Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal by Ornamental and Wetland Plants in a Greenhouse Recirculation Research System." HortScience 44, no. 6 (October 2009): 1704–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.6.1704.
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A nutrient recirculation system (NRS) was used to assess the ability of four ornamental and three wetland plant species to remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) from stormwater runoff. The NRS was filled with a nutrient solution with total N and P concentrations of 11.3 and 3.1 mg·L−1, respectively, to simulate high levels of nutrient contaminations in stormwater. Nutrient removal abilities of herbaceous perennial ornamental plants, canna (Canna ×generalis Bailey) ‘Australia’, iris (Iris pseudacorus L.) ‘Golden Fleece’, calla lily [Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng], and dwarf papyrus (Cyperus haspan L.) were compared with those of wetland plants arrow arum [Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott], pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.), and bulltongue arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia L.) in three experiments. ‘Australia’ canna had the greatest water consumption, total biomass production, and aboveground N and P content followed by pickerelweed. ‘Golden Fleece’ iris had higher tissue N concentrations than canna but much lower biomass production. Dwarf papyrus had similar total biomass as pickerelweed but less shoot biomass. N and P removed from the NRS units planted with canna (98.7% N and 91.8% P) were higher than those planted with iris and arrow arum (31.6% and 31.5% N, and 38.5% and 26.3% P, respectively). NRS units planted with dwarf papyrus had similar nutrient recovery rate as pickerelweed, but much less total N and P were removed as a result of less water consumption. The NRS units planted with calla lily had lower nutrient removal than canna and pickerelweed. Our results suggest that canna is a promising ornamental species for stormwater mitigation, and harvesting the aboveground biomass of canna can effectively remove N and P from the treatment system. However, more research needs to be done to evaluate factors that might affect plant performance in a floating biofiltration system.
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Saputra, Hendra, Manfarizah Manfarizah, and Syakur Syakur. "Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Padi Gogo, Jagung, Kedelai dan Kacang Tanah pada Lahan Kering di Kecamatan Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i2.7521.
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Abstrak. Luas lahan dataran di Indonesia lebih kurang 200 juta hektar dan luas lahan kering 150 juta hektar. Hampir seluruh daratan Indonesia setelah dikurangi lahan basah (sawah dan rawa) lahan kering yang berpotensi sebagai areal pertanian diperkirakan mencapai 104 juta hektar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi gogo, jagung, kedelai dan kacang tanah pada lahan kering. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar dengan menggunakan metode survai deskriptif yang didasarkan pada satuan peta lahan. Satuan peta lahan diperoleh dari hasil tumpang tindih (overlay) peta jenis tanah, peta kelerengan dan peta penggunaan lahan. Hasil (overlay) tersebut yang menjadi referensi untuk menentukan kelas kesesuaian lahan. Hasil evaluasi kesesuaian lahan tanaman padi yaitu (S2-nr,eh,lp) cukup sesuai dengan faktor pembatas utama kejenuhan basa (KB) dan C-organik rendah, bahaya erosi dan kelerengan 8-15% dan (S3-nr,eh) sesuai marginal dengan faktor pembatas utama C-organik sangat rendah dan kelerengan 15-25%. Kesesuaian lahan tanaman jagung yaitu (S2-nr,eh) cukup sesuai dengan faktor pembatas utama KB rendah dan bahaya erosi dan (S3-nr,eh) sesuai marginal dengan faktor pembatas utama KB sangat rendah dan kelerengan 15-25%. Kesesuaian lahan tanaman kedelai yaitu (S2-nr,eh,lp) cukup sesuai dengan faktor pembatas utama kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), KB, C-organik yang rendah dan kelerengan 8-15% dan (S3-eh) sesuai marginal dengan faktor pembatas utama kelerengan 15-25%. Kesesuaian lahan tanaman kacang tanah yaitu (S2-nr,eh,lp) cukup sesuai dengan faktor pembatas utama KTK, KB, pH, C-organik yang rendah dan batuan di permukaan 5-15% dan (S3-nr,eh) sesuai marginal dengan faktor pembatas utama KB sangat rendah dan kelerengan 15-25%.Evaluation of the suitability of the land for rice plant Gogo, corn, soybeans and peanuts on dry land in Jantho, Aceh Besar RegencyAbstract. Land area of the plains in Indonesia approximately 200 million hectares of dry land area and 150 million acres. Almost all of Indonesia's land after reduced wetlands (swamps and rice paddies) as potentially dry land agricultural area is estimated at 104 million hectares. This research aims to analyze the suitability of land for rice plant gogo, corn, soybeans and peanuts on dry land. This research was carried out in Jantho, Aceh Besar District by using descriptive survey method that is based on a unit of land maps. Land map units retrieved from a result of overlap (overlay) map kelerengan map, soil type and land use maps. The results (overlay) which became a reference to determine the suitability of the land class. The results of the evaluation of the suitability of the land for rice plant (S2-nr, er, lp) is quite in accordance with the main limiting factor saturation of the base (KB) and the C-organic low, the danger of erosion and kelerengan 8-15% and (S3-nr, er) in accordance with marginal to the main limiting factor C-organic very low and kelerengan 15-25%. The suitability of the land for corn plants (S2-nr, er) is quite in accordance with the main limiting factor KB is low and the danger of erosion and (S3-nr, er) in accordance with marginal to the main limiting factor KB is very low and kelerengan 15-25%. The suitability of the land for soybean crop i.e. (S2-nr, er, lp) is quite in accordance with the main limiting factor cation exchange capacity (CEC), KB, the low C-organic and kelerengan 8-15% and (S3-eh) in accordance with the main limiting factor of marginal kelerengan 15-25%. The suitability of the land plants peanuts (S2-nr, er, lp) is quite in accordance with the main limiting factor CEC, KB, pH, organic C-low and rocks on the surface of 5-15% and (S3-nr, er) in accordance with marginal to the main limiting factor KB is very low and kelerengan 15-25 %.
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Alexandre, Fernando Da Silva, Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias, and Daniel Dantas Moreira Gomes. "Modelagem cartográfica para a delimitação das paisagens da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Curso do Rio Mundaú - Pernambuco/Alagoas, Nordeste, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 7 (January 31, 2020): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.7.p2489-2502.
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A noção de paisagem está presente na memória do ser humano antes mesmo da elaboração do conceito. As sínteses naturalistas concebem a natureza através de uma ordem natural que promove a organização da superfície terrestre a partir dos elementos internos e externos do globo, essa ordem está passível de analise, já que se espacializa em áreas naturais homogêneas, dotadas de uma hierarquia. A bacia hidrográfica é uma excelente opção de investigação, é um sistema aberto, dinâmico, onde ocorrem trocas constantes de matéria e energia. As bacias hidrográficas, na condição de unidades funcionais de planejamento, esguardam paisagens. Assim para a delimitação das paisagens do alto curso, buscou-se correlacionar os fatores geológico-geomorfológico com a climatologia da bacia, o que resultou na delimitação de 8 unidades de paisagens, sendo elas: caatingas secas em relevo dissecado em ravina, caatingas subúmidas em relevo dissecado convexo, matas úmidas em relevo convexo, matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado, matas úmidas em relevo pediplano degradado inumado, matas úmidas em relevo tabular, atas subúmidas em relevo tabular e matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado. Cartographic modeling of the delimitation of landscapes in watershed of the high course of the Mundaú River – Pernambuco / Alagoas, Northeastern, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe notion of landscape is present in human memory even before the elaboration of this concept. Naturalistic syntheses conceive nature through a natural order that promotes the organization of the earth's surface from the inner and outer elements of the globe. This order is subject to analysis, since it is spatialized in homogeneous natural areas, endowed with a hierarchy. The watershed is an excellent research option. It is an open, dynamic system where constant exchanges of matter and energy occur. Watersheds, as functional planning units, protect landscapes. Thus, for the delimitation of the landscapes of the upper course, we sought to correlate the geological-geomorphological factors with the climatology of the basin, which resulted in the delimitation of 8 landscape units, namely: dried dry caatingas in ravine, submerged caatingas in convex dissected relief, convex embossed wetlands, sharp dissected embossed wetlands, smoked degraded pediplane embossed woods, tabular embossed wetlands, tabular embossed wetlands and thickened dissected embossed wetlands.Keywords: landscape cartography, landscape units, geosystems, landscape mapping.
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Hasanah, Nurul, Mahdiannoor Mahdiannoor, and Nurul Istiqomah. "Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Guano terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun pada Lahan Rawa Lebak." RAWA SAINS : JURNAL SAINS STIPER AMUNTAI 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36589/rs.v3i2.28.
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Lebak wetland can generally be used as vegetable cultivation land with proper handling. Lebak wetland land has a complex chemical problem. Giving organic material is one way to improve some soil chemical properties. The aim of this research is (i) to know the effect of guano organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of cucumber plants on lebak wetland (ii) to get the best dose of guano organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of cucumber plants on lebak wetland. The research was conducted in the Pasar Senin Village, Amuntai Tengah District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency from May - July 2012. This study used a randomized block design (RBD), with 5 treatments and 5 replications, so there are 25 units, and each treatment there are 4 plants. Factor test in the guano organic fertilizer that g0 = 0 kg.plot-1, g2 = 0.5 kg.plot-1, g3 = 0.1 kg.plot-1, g4 = 1.5 kg.plot-1 and g5 = 2 kg.plot-1 . Results of this study showed that treatment dosing guano organic fertilizer which was highly significant on plant height ages 7, 14 and 21 DAP, number of leaves aged 7, 14 and 21 DAP, number of fruits, fruit weight and length of the fruit. The best dose of guano organic fertilizer is 10 t.ha-1 equivalent to 1 kg.plot-1 (g2).
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Pechanec, Vilém, Ivo Machar, Helena Kilianová, Pavel Vyvlečka, Josef Seják, Jan Pokorný, Lenka Štěrbová, Marcela Prokopová, and Pavel Cudlín. "Ranking the Key Forest Habitats in Ecosystem Function Provision: Case Study from Morava River Basin." Forests 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020138.
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Floodplain forests are considered important forest ecosystems, and providers of ecosystem functions and services. The subject of this research was to assess the level of provision of five selected ecosystem functions (climate regulation and regulation of short water cycle, biomass production, oxygen production, and carbon sequestration) and biodiversity by relevant groups of forest habitats, and their mutual comparison. Assessment of ecosystem functions was performed in biophysical units based on published data, our own research, and expert knowledge. The results showed the high importance of floodplain forests. In the majority of the services that were studied, this habitat reached high values and, in comparison with the other habitats, took one of the leading positions. When comparing the ranking in the provision of individual ecosystem functions per unit area, the best-assessed habitat in all assessed functions was floodplain and wetland forests, followed by ravine forests and beech forests, but the analysis of the rate of ecosystem function provision, related to the total area of interest, showed a different order of values. Understanding the context of the individual ecosystem functions of natural ecosystems and those close to nature, in comparison with anthropogenically altered ecosystems is a suggested route for ecologically and economically balanced landscape decision-making, which may increase the efficiency of nature and landscape protection.
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Shi, En, Zong Lian She, Tian Xie, Jian Wu, and Xiao Hui Fu. "Nutrient Removal from Polluted River Water by Using Vertical and Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1304.
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The main purpose of this study was to treat organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus in polluted river water by the use of constructed wetland (CW) systems. A laboratory experiment research was conducted on subsurface flow constructed wetland systems operated in vertical flow (VF) and horizontal flow (HF) mode. The systems were unplanted and hydraulic retention times were identically 2.7 days. The average removal efficiencies for HFCW and VFCW were NH+ 4-N 64.9% and 75.2%, NO- 3-N 92.3% and 40.1%, COD 97.5% and 90.1%, TP 94.6% and 96.2%, respectively. The removal of NH+ 4-N and NO- 3-N in the different CW units were in order of VFCW (drained) > VFCW (flooded) > HFCW and HFCW > VFCW (flooded) > VFCW (drained), respectively. When the water level in the VFCW was changed, an obvious fluctuation of the effluent NH+ 4-N and NO- 3-N concentrations was observed.
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Chunkao, K., O. Phewnil, T. Pattamapitoon, N. Semvimol, and W. Wararam. "Grass filtration in parallel with VFCW technology for community wastewater treatment through the king's initiative nature-by-nature process." Water Practice and Technology 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.071.
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The 15-year research is aimed to apply the Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) technology along with growing Star, Kallar, Coast couch grasses for community wastewater treatment as obtained from Phetchaburi municipal after anaerobic digesting inside the 18.5 km High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe. The results found that pH value did not evidently show any change of influent to effluent among grass species but drastic change due to treatment efficiency in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKD), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Total Potassium (TK) due to supporting rapidly growing of Star, Kallar, and Coast couch grasses, and also some parts of organic forms to escape from the VFCW technical units as volatile gaseous chemicals; and precipitating down to the VFCW technical unit beds as sludge. The Star and Coast couch grasses showed higher potential in community wastewater treatment efficiency than Kallar grass but treating power were not different in wide ranges. Besides, the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg as example) were contaminated in both treated wastewater and sludge (sediment). However, the influent and effluent as inflow and outflow of VFCW technical units found very low contamination but three grasses (Star, Kallar, and Coast couch) showed their eligibility in treating heavy metals, especially when their age at 45-day growth as the same findings of treating BOD, TKN, TP, and TK according to meet highest treatment efficiency at age of 45 days. In other words, the harvesting age at 45 days was not only reached the maximum treatment efficiency as well as maximum grass biomass but also kept away from heavy contamination.
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He, Qiang, Haoran Li, Changlin Xu, Qingyan Sun, Mark D. Bertness, Changming Fang, Bo Li, and Brian R. Silliman. "Consumer regulation of the carbon cycle in coastal wetland ecosystems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1814 (November 2, 2020): 20190451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0451.
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Despite escalating anthropogenic alteration of food webs, how the carbon cycle in ecosystems is regulated by food web processes remains poorly understood. We quantitatively synthesize the effects of consumers (herbivores, omnivores and carnivores) on the carbon cycle of coastal wetland ecosystems, ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems that store the greatest amount of carbon per unit area among all ecosystems. Our results reveal that consumers strongly affect many processes of the carbon cycle. Herbivores, for example, generally reduce carbon absorption and carbon stocks (e.g. aboveground plant carbon by 53% and aboveground net primary production by 23%) but may promote some carbon emission processes (e.g. litter decomposition by 32%). The average strengths of these effects are comparable with, or even times higher than, changes driven by temperature, precipitation, nitrogen input, CO 2 concentration, and plant invasions. Furthermore, consumer effects appear to be stronger on aboveground than belowground carbon processes and vary markedly with trophic level, body size, thermal regulation strategy and feeding type. Despite important knowledge gaps, our results highlight the powerful impacts of consumers on the carbon cycle and call for the incorporation of consumer control into Earth system models that predict anthropogenic climate change and into management strategies of Earth's carbon stocks. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation’.
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Jia, Yanyan, Xiaolan Tang, and Wei Liu. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Service Value and Landscape Ecological Risk in Wuhu City." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072803.
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The comprehensive application of ecosystem service value (ESV) and ecological risk index (ERI) assessment can provide better decision support for regional ecological environment protection. Based on the remote sensing image data of Wuhu city of 1995, 2005 and 2016, the paper analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution of ESV and ERI in Wuhu city and its associated characteristics using an ESV, ERI assessments and a bivariate spatial autocorrelation method. The results showed that (1) the total ESV of Wuhu city continued to decline from 1995 to 2016, with a decrease of US$ 363.664 million. The total ESV per unit area of the sampling plot decreased, and the high-value was mainly distributed in areas within 5–10 km along the Yangtze River floodplain. (2) Wuhu city was mainly dominated by a relatively low ERI and medium ERI from 1995 to 2016. The high-value areas were mainly distributed in the mainstream of the Yangtze River, and the overall ERI improved. (3) There was a positive spatial correlation between the total ESV per unit area and ERI in Wuhu city, and these areas were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River mainstream region. According to this research, it is necessary to pay attention to the protection of wetland and forest landscapes, strengthen wetland ecological protection based on the Yangtze River and protect and restore natural mountain forests, all of which play important roles in improving the ecosystem service function of Wuhu city and protecting the ecological environment of the Yangtze River. We should act on that knowledge, and produce effective environmental regulations and habitat restoration efforts that improve the ESV and reduce the ERI. The findings of the study can serve as a reference for the management and protection of ecological environments in river-crossing cities.
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Otoluwa, Moh Andri, A. H. S. Salendu, A. K. Rintjap, and M. T. Massie. "PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN BOLANGITANG TIMUR KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA." ZOOTEC 35, no. 2 (December 23, 2015): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.36.1.2016.10469.
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ABSTRACT THE PROSPECT OF BEEF CATLE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTIN EAST BOLANGITANG DISTRICT, NORTH BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY The purpose of this research was to find out the potential resources on beef cattle industry development in East Bolangitangdistrict, North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Survey method (questionnaire) was used in order to get primary and secondary data, from June until July, 2015. All the data taken were then analyzed using SWOT and Land Carrying Capacity analysis, as well as descriptive analysis. It was found in this research that, the maximum potency of livestock units based on dry land, savannah and swampland (wetland) resources amounted to 8.879 ST (Satuan Ternak). This number depicted that the district of East Bolangitang potential to develop cattle industry Keywords: Cattle, prospects, Business Development
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Eliatun, Eliatun, and Darmansyah Tjitradi. "Pengembangan Perumahan Dengan Desain Konstruksi Dilahan Basah Pada Wilayah Kota Banjarmasin Menggunakan Riset Operasi." Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil 2, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v2i1.576.
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The condition of soil in Banjarmasin which is dominated by wetland with a soil bearing capacity of as low as 0.2 kg/cm2 means that buildings require costly foundations.
This condition requires that developers be more selective and perform optimisation in choosing types of soft-soil foundations to ensure maximum profit from the building investment.
The objective of this research is to optimise the use of a given building area by assigning different types of sub-structure subject to a number of constraints.
Optimization is used by operations research methods which are solved by Integer Programming Software QM for Windows version 2.1 and is based on the development of a housing fictitious data X type-36 in Banjarmasin.
The analysis result showed that the composition of the optimum number of types of houses built is for type-A 30 units, type-B 17 units, and type-C 20 units with maximum profit of Rp.4,000,000,000, the required development area is 5,360 m2 with production costs required Rp.20,000,000,000 and the construction time of all types of houses is along 67 weeks.
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Petrone, Richard, Kevin J. Devito, and Carl Mendoza. "Utikuma Region Study Area (URSA) – Part 2: Aspen Harvest and Recovery Study." Forestry Chronicle 92, no. 01 (January 2016): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2016-018.
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The Hydrology Ecology And Disturbance (HEAD-1 and HEAD-2) research programs in the Western Boreal Plains of North-Central Alberta, has provided objective delineation and determination of landscape units characterized by geology and climate. From these landscape indices can be developed that provide information on the scale at which forest, wetland, and aquatic systems are linked to their surroundings and the potential response of an area to particular disturbances. In collaboration with industry, government and NGO planners and ecologists this work establishes a hydrologic risk planning process that evaluates the ecological risk and monetary costs of forest harvest on forest succession and water quality and quantity.
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Nirtha NNPS, Rd Indah, and Dwi Puspita Sari. "ANALISIS NILAI PH DAN KONSENTRASI LOGAM BESI (Fe) PADA MEDIA LAHAN BASAH BUATAN ALIRAN HORIZONTAL BAWAH PERMUKAAN YANG MENGOLAH AIR SALURAN REKLAMASI." EnviroScienteae 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v14i3.5692.
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One of the impacts of reclamation of swamps is poison substances in the water channels, which can cause to pyrite oxidation, sedimentation and accumulation of toxic substances in secondary channels. The reclamation channel unit in Semangat Karya Village has a water pH of ± 3 and has the iron level of 4.95 mg / l. Based on South Kalimantan Provincial Governor Regulation Year 2007, pH grade and iron concentration are over the quality standard, while the water is consumed by the residents for everyday intentions. One of the technologies that are applied to increase the pH and to minimize the concentration of iron (Fe) is constructed wetland with the horizontal sub-surface flow (CW-HSSF). The objectives of this research were to study the dynamics of pH and Fe in the media acid sulfate soils mixed with organic fertilizer (bokashi) 10% at CW-HSSF system using Purun Tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) and Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris). The conclusion of this research indicated that pH value and absorption of Fe in CW-HSSF using Purun Tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) was better than Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris).
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Sapari, Nasiman, Kalu Uka Orji, Mohd Hafiz B. Mohamad Hazli, Sara Yavari, Emmanuel Olisa, and Robabeh Asadpuor. "Engineered Wetland for the Treatment of Wastewater from Fertilizer Plant." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.500.
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This research analyzed the effective performance of a laboratory scale vertical surface flow constructed wetland (VSFCW) system, for the treatment of wastewater from fertilizer plant. Two reactors with a volume of 80 L each were used for the experiments. One of the reactors contains 2 units of floating plants known as water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) while the other was used as a control. The treatment was carried out in 2 phases: the wetland was first fed with treated domestic wastewater for acclimatization and stability and thereafter, fed continuously with analyzed wastewater samples from the fertilizer plant at the flow rate of 8 L/day, surface loading rate of 0.025 kg/m2/day for COD, 0.013 kg/m2/day for Ammonia, 0.021 kg/m2/day for Nitrate, 0.01 kg/m2/day for Nitrite, and 0.01 kg/m2/day for Phosphorus and a hydraulic detention time of 10 days. The treatment was monitored for 27 days and the performances evaluated. Results of the system indicated that the average removal efficiency was 47 % for COD, 89.01 % for ammonia, 83 % for nitrate, 80 % for nitrite, and 81 % for phosphorus. The quality of the discharged effluent from the VSFCW showed that the system may be a viable technology for the wastewater treatment.
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Rivas, A., I. Barceló-Quintal, and G. E. Moeller. "Pollutant removal in a multi-stage municipal wastewater treatment system comprised of constructed wetlands and a maturation pond, in a temperate climate." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.731.
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A multi-stage municipal wastewater treatment system is proposed to comply with Mexican standards for discharge into receiving water bodies. The system is located in Santa Fe de la Laguna, Mexico, an area with a temperate climate. It was designed for 2,700 people equivalent (259.2 m3/d) and consists of a preliminary treatment, a septic tank as well as two modules operating in parallel, each consisting of a horizontal subsurface-flow wetland, a maturation pond and a vertical flow polishing wetland. After two years of operation, on-site research was performed. An efficient biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (94–98%), chemical oxygen demand (91–93%), total suspended solids (93–97%), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (56–88%) and fecal coliform (4–5 logs) removal was obtained. Significant phosphorus removal was not accomplished in this study (25–52%). Evapotranspiration was measured in different treatment units. This study demonstrates that during the dry season wastewater treatment by this multi-stage system cannot comply with the limits established by Mexican standards for receiving water bodies type ‘C’. However, it has demonstrated the system's potential for less restrictive uses such as agricultural irrigation, recreation and provides the opportunity for wastewater treatment in rural areas without electric energy.
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Fang, X., J. W. Pomeroy, C. J. Westbrook, X. Guo, A. G. Minke, and T. Brown. "Prediction of snowmelt derived streamflow in a wetland dominated prairie basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 22, 2010): 991–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-991-2010.
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Abstract. The Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) was used to create a prairie hydrological model for Smith Creek Research Basin (~400 km2), east-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Physically based modules were sequentially linked in CRHM to simulate snow processes, frozen soils, variable contributing area and wetland storage and runoff generation. Five "representative basins" (RBs) were defined and each was divided into seven hydrological response units (HRUs): fallow, stubble, grassland, river channel, open water, woodland, and wetland. Model parameters were estimated using field survey data, LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM), SPOT 5 satellite imageries, stream network and wetland inventory GIS data. Model simulations were conducted for 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. No calibration was performed. The model performance in predicting snowpack, soil moisture and streamflow was evaluated against field observations. Root mean square differences (RMSD) between simulation and observations ranged from 1.7 to 25.2 mm and from 4.3 to 22.4 mm for the simulated snow accumulation in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009, respectively, with higher RMSD in grassland, river channel, and open water HRUs. Spring volumetric soil moisture was reasonably predicted compared to a point observation in a grassland area, with RMSD of 0.011 and 0.009 for 2008 and 2009 simulations, respectively. The model was able to capture the timing and magnitude of peak spring basin discharge, but it underestimated the cumulative volume of basin discharge by 32% and 56% in spring 2008 and 2009, respectively. The results suggest prediction of Canadian Prairie basin snow hydrology is possible with no calibration if physically based models are used with physically meaningful model parameters that are derived from high resolution geospatial data.
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Fang, X., J. W. Pomeroy, C. J. Westbrook, X. Guo, A. G. Minke, and T. Brown. "Prediction of snowmelt derived streamflow in a wetland dominated prairie basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 10, 2010): 1103–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1103-2010.
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Abstract. The eastern Canadian Prairies are dominated by cropland, pasture, woodland and wetland areas. The region is characterized by many poor and internal drainage systems and large amounts of surface water storage. Consequently, basins here have proven challenging to hydrological model predictions which assume good drainage to stream channels. The Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform (CRHM) is an assembly system that can be used to set up physically based, flexible, object oriented models. CRHM was used to create a prairie hydrological model for the externally drained Smith Creek Research Basin (~400 km2), east-central Saskatchewan. Physically based modules were sequentially linked in CRHM to simulate snow processes, frozen soils, variable contributing area and wetland storage and runoff generation. Five "representative basins" (RBs) were used and each was divided into seven hydrological response units (HRUs): fallow, stubble, grassland, river channel, open water, woodland, and wetland as derived from a supervised classification of SPOT 5 imagery. Two types of modelling approaches calibrated and uncalibrated, were set up for 2007/08 and 2008/09 simulation periods. For the calibrated modelling, only the surface depression capacity of upland area was calibrated in the 2007/08 simulation period by comparing simulated and observed hydrographs; while other model parameters and all parameters in the uncalibrated modelling were estimated from field observations of soils and vegetation cover, SPOT 5 imagery, and analysis of drainage network and wetland GIS datasets as well as topographic map based and LiDAR DEMs. All the parameters except for the initial soil properties and antecedent wetland storage were kept the same in the 2008/09 simulation period. The model performance in predicting snowpack, soil moisture and streamflow was evaluated and comparisons were made between the calibrated and uncalibrated modelling for both simulation periods. Calibrated and uncalibrated predictions of snow accumulation were very similar and compared fairly well with the distributed field observations for the 2007/08 period with slightly poorer results for the 2008/09 period. Soil moisture content at a point during the early spring was adequately simulated and very comparable between calibrated and uncalibrated results for both simulation periods. The calibrated modelling had somewhat better performance in simulating spring streamflow in both simulation periods, whereas the uncalibrated modelling was still able to capture the streamflow hydrographs with good accuracy. This suggests that prediction of prairie basins without calibration is possible if sufficient data on meteorology, basin landcover and physiography are available.
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Rahayu, Nining, Sutarno Sutarno, and Komariah Komariah. "Alih Fungsi Lahan dan Curah Hujan terhadap Perubahan Hidrologi Sub Das Samin." Agrotechnology Research Journal 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v1i1.18864.
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<p>Samin sub-watershed is located in the district of Karanganyar and Sukoharjo regency. Every year an increasing number of people in Samin sub-watershed can inflict problems such as the seizure of land use and the amount of available water resources. This study purpose to analyzed the influence of land conversion and rainfall to hydrology conditions Samin sub-watershed in 2005-2015. This research used descriptive exploration method. The study population was the whole unit of land use in the Samin sub-watershed. Data collection techniques used collection of secondary data from BPS Karanganyar-Sukoharjo regency and watering hall. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis of land use and rainfall on hydrology conditions Samin sub-watershed. The results showed that the wetland and forest land decreased by an average of 44,76 ha-1year and 102,5 ha-1year. Residential land, fields and plantations increased by an average of 26,8ha-1year, 54,07ha-1year and 26,82ha-1year. In period 2005-2010 and 2011-2015, Samin sub-watershed has declined average on annual charge (-3.117,42 m3/second), value of coefficient run-off (-0,11), sedimentation (-0,01 mm) and increase average on value of coefficient of river regime (+91,02) and CVcharge (+0,35). Results of statistical analysis of correlation showed that, decline in wetland, forest and increased fields affect the increase coefficient of river regime. Decreased forest land also increased of fields land and plantations affect the increase of Coefficients of Variants (CVcharge). Decreased forest land affects decreased run-off coefficient, sedimentation and annual discharge.</p>
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Cahyadi, Ahmad, Romza Fauzan Agniy, Nurul Khakhim, Setyawan Purnama, Igor Yoga Bachtiar, and Wikan Jaya Prihartanto. "The hydrogeological mapping of the southwestern part of Serang Regency, Banten, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 76 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197602006.
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The development of Serang City as the central government of Banten Province leads to persistently increasing demand for clean water in the area and its surroundings. This study aimed to perform the hydrogeological mapping of the southwestern part of Serang Regency. The study area covered four districts, namely Baros, Padarincang, Paburuan, and Ciomas. These four districts are the clean water source of Serang City that also functions as a buffer zone designed for the development of freshwater fishery and wetland agriculture. Hydrogeological mapping in the study area is expected to be one of the inputs in planning the use of water resources. The method used in this research included analyses of drill data, geophysical measurement results, the findings of previous studies, hydrological map scale 1:250000, and geological map scale 1:100000, as well as geomorphological mapping and field survey. This research produced six classes of hydrogeological units that covered areas with scarce groundwater productivity up to those with high groundwater productivity.
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de Andrade Moraes, Mirene A., Jorge A. García Zumalacarregui, Camila Maria Trein, and Marcos von Sperling. "Dynamics of the behaviour of a vertical wetland (French system) operating in warm-climate conditions, evaluated by means of variables continuously measured in situ." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 5 (August 24, 2020): 954–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.399.
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Abstract The sewage treatment system in this study was operated with only the first stage of a French system of vertical wetlands, composed of two units in parallel and running with an extended feeding cycle (7 days). This research sought to evaluate and relate continuous variables measured in situ (dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and redox potential) throughout the feeding cycle, with measurements at distinct heights along the filter vertical profile. Additionally, the influence of the surface organic sludge deposit was investigated. A close link between the hydraulic behaviour and the effluent quality was verified, with both being related to the batch volume and the instantaneous hydraulic loading rate. The drop in DO as the feed days progressed could be related to the loss of hydraulic conductivity. A thicker sludge layer decreased the aeration capacity of the filter. The effluent was observed to be aerated when percolating through the medium. DO and pH data suggested that nitrification varied along the filter depth, the batch duration and the feed cycle. The monitored parameters may be indicative of the behaviour of other parameters.
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Alexopoulos, J. D., V. Tomara, Em Vassilakis, T. D. Papadopoulos, M. Dassenakis, S. Poulos, N. Voulgaris, et al. "A contribution to environmental research of the Korissia coastal wetland (Corfu isl., Greece), with the application of combined geological and geophysical methods supported by Geographic Information Systems." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17187.
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In the current paper are presented the results of a multidisciplinary study (stratigraphical, sedimentological, geophysical and geochemical) combined with modern techniques (G.I.S. and remote sensing). This study aims at integrating the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the Korissia lagoon. It is a shallow coastal lagoon, communicating with the sea via an artificial channel. The area around the lagoon consists of alluvial sediments hosting, in places, newly formed and/or "old" (pre - Holocene) sand-dunes. The broader area constitutes a postalpine sedimentary basin characterised by smooth morphological relief. The lower stratigraphie unit of the post-alpine sequence is a Pleistocene marly formation, which was detected as the basement (5-15 Ohm.m) by the geophysical survey. The resistivity-based basement map implies the existence of a "palaeo-gulf" trending EW. These marls constitute the impermeable basement of a shallow aquifer hosted in the area. The salinity of the lagoon is very high during summer (>40psu) but it does not affect significantly the wells around it. The lagoon is well oxygenated, while the wells have lower D.O. values. Ammonia and nitrates are the main inorganic Nitrogen forms, in the lagoon and the wells, respectively. Phosphorus is the limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. Human activities affect the area that is in need of an environmental management plan in order to prevent ecological degradation
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Maxie, Andrea J., Karen F. Hussey, Stacey J. Lowe, Kevin R. Middel, Bruce A. Pond, Martyn E. Obbard, and Brent R. Patterson. "A comparison of forest resource inventory, provincial land cover maps and field surveys for wildlife habitat analysis in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86077-1.
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In a portion of central Ontario, Canada we assessed the classification agreement between field-based estimates of forest stand composition and each of two mapped data sources used in wildlife habitat studies, the Forest Resource Inventory (FRI) and satellite-image derived Provincial Land Cover (PLC). At two study areas, Algonquin Provincial Park (APP) and Wildlife Management Unit 49 (WMU49), we surveyed 119 forest stands and 40 water and wetland stands. Correspondence levels between FRI and field classifications were 48% in APP and 44% in WMU49 when assessing six forest cover types. With only four simplified forest cover types, levels improved to 77% in APP and 63% in WMU49. Correspondence between PLC and field classifications for three forested stand types was approximately 63% in APP and 55% in WMU49. Because of the poor to moderate level of correspondence we detected between map and field classifications, we recommend that care be exercised when FRI or PLC maps are used in forest and wildlife research and management planning. Key words: forest resource inventory, FRI, provincial land cover, PLC, Landsat Thematic Mapper, map accuracy, map correspondence, map agreement, Ontario, wildlife habitat
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Afif, Aulia Naufal, Fiftin Noviyanto, Sunardi Sunardi, Son Ali Akbar, and Eko Aribowo. "Integrated application for automatic schedule-based distribution and monitoring of irrigation by applying the waterfall model process." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1368.
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40% of areas in Indonesia are still using rainwater as a source for irrigation. Type of wetland rainwater always depends on weather that is currently difficult to predict. In addition, the frequency of field cultivation became limited. Irrigation water can come from a dam or a spring in the mountains. Limited water source generates the need to manage water distribution in all areas of rice fields. For every 1 hectare fields, at least 0.5 litres of water per second is needed. The imbalance between the field and the available water discharge can cause conflicts in the Community farmers manage field. The purpose of this research is to assist in the Assembly Of Farmer Water users ("Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air" or "P3A") manage the scheduling and controlling irrigation sluice based IoT using mobile applications. The waterfall process model applied in developing mobile applications. Every feature that is created has been tested directly using Unit tests based on the application of the system used. The test is done by observing the system inputs and outputs of the system usability scale (SUS). Tests are also carried out using Post-Study with method of the SUS.
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Veldi, Martti, and Simon Bell. "Historical GIS: application of map-based biography to the Laeva sovkhoz / state farm, Estonia." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196307001.
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In the MODSCAPES project the concept of historical GIS is one of the practical research tools to detect, map, and analyse large-scale landscape changes caused by modernist rural development schemes. Historical GIS enables us to synthesise human interactions with their surrounding landscape on temporal and spatial axes. In this paper, historical GIS is applied to create a map-based biography of one of the case study examples, Laeva, which was a collective state farm orsovkhoz in South Estonia between 1975 and 1993. Through combining historical maps and archival data we followed the process of collectivisation in Laeva. The Laeva sovkoz was a result of nearly 30 years of trial and error in collective farming, which in the area started with the establishment of seven small kolkhozes in 1948 and 1949. In the 1950s the small kolkhozes were amalgamated into larger and more effective agricultural units. After several mergers and reorganisation of production, in 1975 the sovkhoz of Laeva was established. In the second half of the 1970s the sovkhoz became an experimental cattle and pig breeding research institute of the Estonian Agricultural Academy. We also compared the land use dynamics of the area before, during, and after the collectivisation. The results showed that during the collectivisation the pressure to cultivate land was intensified, and through extensive melioration wetlands were drained, and forested.
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NAVEDO, JUAN G., and GUILLERMO FERNÁNDEZ. "Use of semi-intensive shrimp farms as alternative foraging areas by migratory shorebird populations in tropical areas." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000151.
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SummaryEvaluating the ability of anthropogenic habitats to serve as surrogates for natural habitats is an increasingly relevant issue in conservation biology. This issue is especially urgent in tropical coastal wetlands that support large concentrations of migratory shorebird populations and are under pressure from development. Here we evaluated the species composition, abundance, and habitat use of Nearctic migratory shorebirds using recently harvested aquaculture ponds during two non-breeding seasons at shrimp farms surrounding Bahía Santa María (BSM), northwestern Mexico. We also estimated shorebird densities at intertidal units in BSM during and after the harvesting season to explore the connectivity with shrimp farms. Over 25,000 individuals of 25 shorebird species used the surveyed farms (∼13% of shrimp-farm development in BSM; 2014–2015: 10 farms, 994 ha; 2015–2016: 8 farms, 924 ha) during the harvest season. The most abundant species were: Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri, Willet Tringa semipalmata, Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa, dowitchers Limnodromus spp., Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus and American Avocet Recurvirostra americana. Numbers of birds decreased as the harvest cycle progressed. Most birds (> 70%) were foraging on the ponds, regardless of tidal stage, while numbers increased during high tide for the most abundant species. At surveyed intertidal areas, shorebird densities were overall similar within and between non-breeding seasons. These results indicate that shrimp farms offer ephemeral but consistent foraging habitats used by non-breeding shorebirds, even in vast coastal wetlands offering a high availability of natural intertidal mudflats. Assuming a similar shorebird use in other shrimp ponds not surveyed within BSM, a significant proportion (> 1% of the biogeographic population) of Willet, Marbled Godwit, and Western Sandpiper, as well as imperilled Red Knot Calidris canutus, might use shrimp farms throughout the harvesting season. Before including current semi-intensive shrimp farms within management plans of BSM, further research is mandatory to assess their utility as alternative foraging habitats for shorebird conservation at tropical areas.