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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'WFP'
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Kim, Christina Sujin, and Javed Singha. "WFP supply chain capacity in Ethiopia : an analysis of its sufficiency, constraints & impact." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61178.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).
The WFP's transport of food aid to Ethiopia's landlocked population is constrained by supply chain bottlenecks at the port, and limited availability of trucks for inland transport. How can the WFP supply chain be optimized to effectively operate within the given constraints? First, we assess Ethiopia's current food transport capacity - a critical factor for the WFP's ability to deliver humanitarian food aid. Specifically, we review the current and forecasted movement of goods, gather and analyze information on transport capacity versus demand, and address the impact of government policies and regulations on the road transport sector. As a result, our research helps the WFP in analyzing quantitative and qualitative factors used in selecting routes and mitigating port bottleneck issues. The results of our study may be used by the WFP and other humanitarian organizations which aid distressed populations.
by Christina Sujin Kim and Javed Singha.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Krkoš, Radko. "Tvorba síťového ovladače pro rodinu operačních systémů Windows." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219334.
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This thesis describes the approach in designing and implementing a driver marking network traffic for quality of service provision. In the beginning distinct technologies usable for the driver development are discussed and compared to each other while the most suiting candidate is chosen for driver development. Next the thesis discusses the design of the driver according to specification and depicts a list of more specific requirements affecting the driver design itself. The focus point in design is the least possible impact on network traffic performance and the running system itself. In addition to the driver an application programming interface usable from user mode is designed and so the system as a whole ensures the marking of network traffic entirely. In the end the created driver architecture is described and the application programming interface is described in terms of use.
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RADULY, EVA. "A critical discourse analysis of Twitter messages of three international humanitarian organisations about Refugees - UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21547.
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Sufran, Mansor. "COMPARISON OF STRENGTH, DUCTILITY AND STIFFNESS OF FREE FLANGE AND WELDED FLANGE PLATE CONNECTION." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2632.
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Steel structures have been in use in high-rise structures since its more economical as compared to the use of concrete. The steel frames constructed fall under ordinary moment-resisting structures or special moment-resisting structures. Since the occurrence of Northridge earthquake in 1994 and Kobe earthquake in 1995, a lot of research has been done on causes of structural failure as well as remedies to the faults previously present in the building before the occurrence of the earthquake.
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Malaver, Gina, and Colin Regnier. "Structuring strategic decisions through the analytic hierarchy process : a case study in the selection of warehouse location for WFP in Ethiopia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53539.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-99).
Humanitarian logistic organizations struggle to make strategic and tactical decisions due to their lack of resources, the unpredictability of humanitarian events and the lack of readily available information; the existing tools that assist optimal decision making require large amounts of precise information. As a consequence of all these challenges, most of the work in humanitarian logistics concentrates on the operational level that can only offer short term benefits. Alternatively, optimal strategic decisions maximize the resources of humanitarian organizations making them more flexible and effective in the long term; this directly impacts the ability to help the millions of people in need. This thesis presents a model that assists the largest humanitarian organization in the world, The World Food Programme, to make optimal strategic decisions. The model uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a multiple attribute decision tool that provides structure to decisions where there is limited availability of quantitative information. This methodology uses a framework that determines and prioritizes multiple criteria by using qualitative data and it scores each alternative based on these criteria. The optimal alternative will be the one that has the highest weighted score. This model solves the challenges that The World Food Programme, as any other humanitarian organization face when making complex strategic decisions. The model, not only works with easily acquired information but, it is also flexible in order to consider the ever-changing dynamics in the humanitarian field.
(cont.) The application of this model focuses on the optimization of warehouse locations for the World Food Programme in the Somali region of Ethiopia. However, this model can easily be scaled in order to be used in any other decision making process in the humanitarian field.
by Gina Malaver [and] Colin Regnier.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Molapo, Seipati Petronella. "Community vulnerability to food insecurity : a case study of World Food Programme (WFP) Food Aid Programme in the southern lowlands of Lesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2342.
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Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Chronic food insecurity continues to be a major problem for rural poor households in Lesotho. This condition is caused by a number of factors including poverty, landlessness, and extreme land degradation, reduced remittances due to retrenchments from South African mines, closures of some of textile industries, the effects of HIV/AIDS and a significant decline in farming practices due to erratic weather patterns and conditions. All these factors have led to an increase in vulnerability levels. This is magnified by the rapid erosion of traditional coping mechanisms, a situation that has consequently left communities unable to respond to any form of disaster. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the community vulnerability to food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands and review the World Food Programme (WFP) food aid programme in the same area. The research addressed the questions such as the causes of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands; and social protection initiatives that are being implemented by WFP to address food insecurity. The research revealed that WFP has been distributing food aid to the vulnerable households in the Southern Lowlands since 2002. These households belong to categories such as households hosting orphans and vulnerable children, chronically ill persons and physically disabled persons; female-headed households; elderly-headed households; child-headed households; and expectant and nursing mothers. In addition to these categories, WFP implemented food for work activities in which vulnerable households with able-bodied persons worked in to receive food aid. The research found evidence of chronic livelihood failure in the Southern Lowlands. This failure renders it increasingly difficult for households vulnerable to food insecurity to develop and maintain sustainable livelihoods. In particular, the research revealed that, a large proportion of households (53%) are at risk of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands; the majority of vulnerable households did not hold any cereal stocks remaining from the immediate post harvest period; chronic illness, unemployment and erratic weather patterns are causes of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands. As means of coping strategies, most households adopt various strategies such as switching expenditure patterns; reducing number of meals per day; kingship support; selling of livestock; and searching for casual labour opportunities. Food aid has improved the livelihoods and quality of life of the beneficiaries especially the chronically ill people. While some food for work activities such as building of toilets and water taps have been very helpful, others such as tree planting were not embraced by some of the beneficiaries and finally food aid promotes dependency among its beneficiaries and nursing mothers intentionally starve their children in order to stay in the programme. The two significant challenges in the distribution of food aid were found to be food pipeline break and the beneficiary selection criteria. The findings therefore generate the conclusion that although there seems to be an improvement in food access by households benefiting from the food aid programme, there is no evidence that those households will continue to access food in the absence of food aid. In essence, the absence of social food security foundation, executed in tandem with food aid interventionist measures, does not realistically augur well for the future. This conclusion comes from the finding that food for work activities which are more likely to generate income for the vulnerable households are not sustainable because the discussions further revealed that these activities have been imposed on the beneficiaries, without the coownership corollary that partners the communities with food aid agencies such as WFP. It is therefore recommended that development agents should not determine the developmental projects/programmes within the communities. The process should be interactive and should not be done in isolation but in mutual social learning and capacity building process as both parties (development agents and the beneficiaries) learn from each other and manage to develop a reciprocal relationship and partnership that will eventually reap sustainable outcome. It is therefore concluded that, the food aid programmes failed to offer sustainable social safety nets to the beneficiaries. The research hypothesis that there is no clear exit strategy in the implementation of the food security interventions and that there are no sustainability and continuity measures that were put into place by WFP remains valid.
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Skjöldevald, Maja. "Small scale farmers’ access to and participation in markets : The case of the P4P program in western Kenya." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77185.
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The purpose of this thesis is to understand how small scale farmers navigate the market to access and participate in the formal maize market to improve their revenue, utilising the case of the P4P program inKenya. The empirical material was collected during fieldwork in Kenya. Qualitative methods were found to be the most suitable for this thesis. The methods that was utilised were a case study strategy, semi structured interviews, focus groups, observations and analysis of secondary sources. In this study different approaches about farmers’ organisations (FO) and small scale farmers’ access to and participation in markets have been utilised to create an analytical context. The study found that food markets in developing countries are lacking in infrastructure, market information and bank credit. The dynamics of the Kenyan market are even more complicated due to its two different marketing channels. Using collective action has the farmers overcome many of these limitations. One change is in the farmers’ mind set from viewing agriculture as a hobby to a business. The farmers have been criticised for defaulting on their contracts, whereas WFP has been criticised delays in payments. Some FO:s have been more successful than others which are a reflection of the barriers within the P4P program itself.
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Sandberg, Richard. "A survey of optimization methods for solving the inverse shortest path routing problem." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Optimeringslära, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59536.
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Ruttningen av trafik i IP-nätverk sker ofta med hjälp av bågvikter som bestämmer vilken väg trafiken tar (kortastevägruttning). Problemet här är att avgöra ifall det existerar en uppsättning vikter givet ett önskat ruttningsschema. Den hör rapporten undersöker prestandan hos ett antal modeller och optimeringsprogram avsedda att lösa denna typ av problem som ofta kallas inversa kortastevägruttningsproblemet. Undersökningen visar att det existerar en stor skillnad mellan modellerna och optimeringsprogrammen och att modellen baserad på cykelbaser löst med CPLEXdualopt lösaren är snabbast.The routing of traffic in IP networks is often done with a set of weights that determinewhich way the traffic will go (shortest path routing). The problem here is todetermine if there exists a set of weights for a desired routing pattern. This thesis willinvestigate the performance of a number of different models and solvers for solvingthis type of problem which is usually called the inverse shortest path routing (ISPR)problem. The models tested are the same as described in [1]. The different solversused are mainly the linear CPLEX solvers but also a few multi commodity networksolvers. The tests showed that there is a big performance difference between the models andsolvers and that the cycle bases model solved with the CPLEX dualopt solver wasthe fastest overall.
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Silva, Zoraia Moura da. "Estudo de caso:sociabilidade entre os beneficiados pelo Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador em uma empresa no município Rio Grande da Serra." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-26102012-110920/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O ato de se alimentar é complexo, sofrendo influência de diversos fatores. O Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT) foi criado pela Lei 6.321, de 14/4/1976. Considerando a importância da sociabilidade ao se alimentar, é factível afirmar que estudos que analisam a sociabilidade em Políticas Públicas que atuam na alimentação são importantes para o delineamento dos programas. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se existe uma relação entre o ato de se alimentar no trabalho e a sociabilidade entre os beneficiados de uma empresa que faz parte do PAT na modalidade autogestão. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizado um estudo de caso exploratório em uma empresa cadastrada no PAT na modalidade de autogestão, localizada no município Rio Grande da Serra. Como instrumento para a coleta dos dados, optou-se por análise documental, entrevista aberta com a nutricionista, bem como entrevista estruturada com os trabalhadores. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Para a análise dos dados, realizou-se uma triangulação dos resultados. Aceitaram participar da entrevista 294 trabalhadores, compondo 54 por cento dos 543 trabalhadores daquela fábrica. Os cargos ocupados eram na grande maioria operacionais, incluindo operador de máquina de produção (64,3 por cento ) e prensista (10,1 por cento ). Suas funções requererem força física, e isso se refletiu no gênero dos participantes: 234 homens (79,6 por cento ) e 60 mulheres (20,4 por cento ). A maior concentração das idades para os homens (56,6 por cento ) é a faixa mais jovem (19 a 29 anos). Do total, 56 por cento consideraram as refeições servidas muito boas, e 40 por cento , boas. Dos entrevistados, 52 por cento referiram permanecer apenas entre 15 e 30 minutos no refeitório, 44,9 por cento até 15 minutos e apenas 3,1 por cento permaneciam entre 30 minutos e 1 hora. Esse dado é preocupante, pois indica uma pequena permanência da maioria deles no local, o que pode revelar uma má escolha dos horários nas refeições pela empresa, o que impossibilitaria o estabelecimento de relações mais profundas entre as pessoas. Questionados sobre quem era(m) sua(s) companhia(s) na hora da refeição, 85,7 por cento afirmaram estarem com colegas do mesmo setor, 9,2 por cento colegas de outro setor, 3,1 por cento sozinhos. 48 por cento dos colaboradores afirmaram ter uma relação muito boa com seus colegas de trabalho, 50 por cento referiram uma boa relação. Sobre o que acham do refeitório: 44,90 por cento consideravam bom, e 22,45 por cento muito bom, pois o ambiente era bom para se descontrair e descansar (29,9 por cento ), havia boa limpeza e higiene (23,9 por cento ), alimentação era boa e saudável (11,8 por cento ). Os que não gostavam do local alegaram barulho insuportável (1,5 por cento ), refeitório com odor desagradável (1,5 por cento ) e falta de uma televisão (1,5 por cento ). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos com as entrevistas e análise documental demonstraram que a presença do PAT na empresa pode ter contribuído para uma maior sociabilidade entre os beneficiadosINTRODUCTION: The act of eating is complex and it is influenced by many factors. The Worker Food Program (WFP) was established by the 6321 Act on 4/14/1976. Considering the importance of sociability when eating, it is feasible to say that studies examining sociability in Public Policies which concern eating are important for the design of the programs. OBJECTIVES: To determine if there is a relation between eating at work and socializing among the beneficiaries of a company that is part of the WFP in the selfmanagement mode. METHODS: We conducted an explanatory case study in a company registered at the WFP in the form of self-management, located in the Rio Grande da Serra County. As an instrument for data collection, we chose to do document analyses, open interviews with the dietitians as well as structured interviews with the workers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The analysis of the data was performed by screening of the results. 294 workers agreed to participate in the interviews, making up 54 per cent of a total of 543 workers in that factory. The job positions were overwhelmingly operational in nature, including machine operator (64.3 per cent ) and press operator (10.1 per cent ). Their duties require physical strength and this reflected in the participant gender: 234 were men (79.6 per cent ) and 60 were women (20.4 per cent ). The largest age groups for men (56.6 per cent ) was of young adults (19-29 years of age). 56 per cent thought the meals which were served at work were very good and 40 per cent thought they were only good. 52 per cent of respondents reported spending just 15 to 30 minutes in the cafeteria, 44.9 per cent up to 15 minutes and only 3.1 per cent spent between 30 minutes and 1 hour in the cafeteria. These findings are particularly worrisome because they indicates that the workers did not stay very long in the cafeteria, which may reveal a poor meal schedule choice by the companies, which would consequently make it impossible to establish deeper relationships with co-workers . When asked who they shared their meal time with, 85.7 per cent said they shared it with peers that worked in the same sector, 9.2 per cent said they shared it with people from other sectors, 3.1 per cent said they spent it alone. 48 per cent of the respondents reported having a very good relationship with their coworkers, 50 per cent reported a only good relationship. When asked about what they thought of the cafeteria: 44.90 per cent thought it was only good and 22,45 per cent thought it was very good, for different reasons: because the environment was good to relax and rest (29.9 per cent ) because it was clean and wholesome (23.9 per cent ), because the food was good and healthy (11.8 per cent ). Those who disliked the cafeteria claimed it was due to: unbearable noise (1.5 per cent ), unpleasant odors (1.5 per cent ) and lack of a television (1.5 per cent ). CONCLUSION: The results of interviews and document analyses showed that the WFP in a specific company may have contributed to greater sociability among the beneficiaries
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Garcés, Valenzuela Manuel Antonio. "Análisis Técnico de la Huella Hídrica como Indicador de Sustentabilidad del Uso del Agua en la Producción del Concentrado de Cobre en División El Teniente de Codelco." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104068.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, desde una perspectiva técnica, el potencial uso de la Huella Hídrica (WFP, por su sigla en inglés), como un indicador de sustentabilidad en la minería del cobre en Chile, aplicado a la producción de concentrado de cobre en la División El Teniente (DET) de Codelco.
La WFP es un indicador que determina la cantidad de agua consumida por un producto a lo largo de su cadena de suministro y posteriormente, mide los diferentes impactos asociados a estos consumos. Este indicador tiene tres componentes, dependiendo del origen del agua consumida y las alteraciones con que el agua es devuelta al sistema: la WFP Verde, la WFP Azul y la WFP Gris. Para aplicar este indicador, se usó la metodología propuesta por el Water Footprint Manual 2009 (HOEKSTRA, et al., 2009 a), a los procesos de producción del concentrado de cobre de la DET.
Se desarrolló, además, un esquema simplificado de los procesos de la DET y su manejo de agua, se realizó un cálculo preliminar sobre la WFP del concentrado de cobre de la DET para los años 2008, 2009 y 2010, y se analizaron los resultados obtenidos. La WFP del concentrado de cobre varió entre los 40 y los 61 m3agua/tonelada de concentrado de cobre, dependiendo de los límites geográficos definidos. Del análisis realizado, se desprende que las principales contribuciones a la WFP del concentrado de cobre en la DET fueron: el agua con alto contenido de sulfato descargada al estero Carén (WFP Gris), el agua trasvasijada de cuenca hacia el tranque Carén (WFP Azul) y el agua evaporada (WFP Azul).
En la aplicación de la metodología de la WFP en la DET se encontraron las siguientes limitaciones: las variaciones de su valor aplicado a la DET están influenciadas por la cantidad de lluvia caída, más que por cambios en el manejo de agua de la División,su metodología no es precisa en cuanto al criterio para delimitar los límites geográficos del sistema, su cálculo no considera la calidad de agua de las fuentes, aunque esto se podría considerar en la etapa de evaluación de impactos de la WFP, y las normas ambientales que rijan el sistema en estudio determinan el valor de la WFP Gris. Además, se determinó que su valor está influido por la ley del mineral, lo cual es una ventaja con respecto al make up, desde un punto de vista del uso sustentable de recursos.
Se concluye que la WFP es una herramienta adecuada como indicador de consumo de agua. Sin embargo, se deben realizar nuevos estudios para adecuar la metodología de la WFP, referidos a definición de límites geográficos, consideración de calidad de agua de las fuentes y estandarización en la aplicación de diferentes normas ambientales. Además, se debe desarrollar por parte de la DET y la minería en general, sistemas de manejo de datos de consumo y gestión de agua, con el fin de mejorar el uso de este indicador en la industria minera, permitiendo una contribución al desarrollo sustentable del país.
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Ali, Elham. "Malnutrition Through Constructivism: How International Organizations Succeed in Sustaining Nutrition Interventions in Kenya." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1201.
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International organizations (IOs) such as the United Nations Children’s Fund have immense power in influencing state agenda and policies in issues in health such as advocating micronutrient interventions in developing countries. Scholarly literature classifies IOs as “norm entrepreneurs” who can alter state behavior through many forms of rhetoric. The theoretical model, constructivism, notes that IOs are autonomous actors in their decision-making who use states as tools to pursue their own interests. Thus, how do these IOs succeed in sustaining malnutrition-related interventions and programs in Kenya? In this thesis, I argue that IOs can effectively improve malnutrition outcomes by improving the allocation and accessibility of nutritional resources and services, setting an institutional framework for implementing and sustaining programs at hand, and fostering the operation of tools that will assist interventions to scale-up to national nutrition policies. To accomplish this, specific IOs possess external effects such as political will, strong funding, and a multi-sectoral nutrition approach, and multilateral IOs have internal factors such as authority, autonomy, and are able to find opportunities in uncertain situations. I also argue that IOs presented in this paper have made limited strides in reducing aggregate malnutrition rates of stunting, wasting and underweight in Kenya. I ground my analysis on constructivism to understand IO behavior towards malnutrition interventions for children under five in Kenya.
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Hulstrom, Brittany Lee, Kara Beaudet, and Lindsey Erlick. "The WIP Program." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144532.
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Gaidys, Vytautas. "Mobiliosios komercijos agentai WAP paslaugose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20140627_165624-98471.
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Problema – daug agentų technologiją nagrinėjančių straipsnių ir kitų rašto darbų, tačiau mažai sukurtų realių programų, naudojančių ją. Neaiškus agentų technologijos panaudojimas ir pritaikymas mobiliojoje komercijoje, nedidelis susidomėjimas iš verslo pusės. Neaiški padėtis agentų platformos rinkoje. Darbo tikslas – agentų technologijos panaudojimo mobiliosios komercijos kontekste analizė. Spręsti uždaviniai: - agentų platformų kokybinę ir kiekybinę analizė; - mobiliosios komercijos sistemos modelio sukūrimas; - modelio realizavimas suprogramuojant sistemą. Darbo metodai – agentų platformų kokybinė (literatūros analizė) ir kiekybinė analizė (atlikti programiniai testai), prototipo realizavimas. Išvados. Mobiliosios komercijos sistemos prototipu, sukurtu naudojant agentų technologiją, parodyta, kad pati agentų technologija yra gyvybinga ir jos atsisakyta per anksti. Sukurtas sistemos prototipas gali būti panaudotas praktikoje ir atnešti naudą.Main problem – there is a lot of work done which studies agent technology. But taken in comparison, there is much less real software created using this technology. Not obvious use of agent technology leads to a little or even no attention from business. Furthermore, not clear situation in agent platforms market reduces it drastically. Work objective – analysis of agent technology use in mobile commerce context. Solved problems: - Qualitative and quantative analysis of agent platforms. - Creation of mobile commerce system model. - Model implementation. Conclusion. With creation of mobile commerce system prototype, which uses agent technology, it is shown that agent technology is viable and this technology should not be rejected to early. Created system prototype can be used in practise. One can benefit from using it.
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Müller, Thomas. "Shell-Prompt auf dem WAP-Handy." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200100526.
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Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur "Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme" der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz.
Workshop-Thema: Mobilitaet
Der Vortrag stellt die Software wapsh/htsh vor. Damit ist
ist der Zugang zu einer Shell auf einer Unix-Maschine über einen
Web- oder WAP-Browser möglich.
Es wird untersucht, ob und wie diese Software für den Einsatz im URZ
zur "mobile system administration" geeignet ist.
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Kajén, Sarah, and Katarina Sturesson. "Intensivläsning : En interventionsstudie med WIP-intensivprogram." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik och lärande (PEL), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78538.
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Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på hur avkodning, stavning och motivation kan påverkas av 6 veckors träning med WIP intensivprogram. WIP är en multikomponent träning där tyngdpunkten ligger på kopplingen mellan fonem-grafem, läsflyt och läsförståelsestrategier. Omfattningen av WIP intensivprogram är 12 veckor men vi ville undersöka vilken effekt det kunde ge efter halva tiden. Studien var en form av ett kvasi-experiment då en grupp fick en särskild lästräningsmetod och en annan grupp fick en vanlig lästräning i klassrummet. Urvalet gjordes genom att samtliga elever i årskurs 3 och 4 på forskarnas egna skolor, fick göra testet Ordkedjor. De elever som hade ett staninevärde mellan 1 - 3 på det testet fick göra ytterligare ett test Lilla Duvan. De elever som låg under den kritiska gränsen, som är 79 poäng för årskurs 3, lottades in i en interventionsgrupp eller en jämförelsegrupp. Interventionen gjordes en- till- en, 30 min/dag, 4 dagar/vecka under 6 veckor. På grund av tidsbrist fanns bara möjlighet till att ha små grupper, 6 stycken i interventionsgruppen och 6 stycken i jämförelsegruppen. Det fanns en medvetenhet om att det var på gränsen till för ett litet urval. Studiens empiri samlades in genom både en kvantitativ ansats, en intervention, och en kvalitativ ansats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar på att träningen med WIP under 6 veckor ger liten effekt på elevers avkodnings- och stavningsförmåga. Eleverna i interventionsgruppen var motiverade till att lästräna med metoden. Vid intervjuerna framkom att eleverna var övervägande positivt inställda till metoden.
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Lienig, Uwe. "Industrielle Forschungsprojekte initiieren - Die Projektwerkstatt der WFS." Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung IVV, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31785.
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Die Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH (WFS) beschäftigt sich im Wirtschaftsraum Sachsen unter anderem mit Standortwerbung, Akquisition/Ansiedlung von Unternehmen, Strategie- und Branchenarbeit und der Initiierung von F&E-Kooperationen. Neben den Arbeitsinhalten der WFS stellt Dr.-Ing. Uwe Lienig die Herausforderungen der Produktion der Zukunft (insbesondere für KMU), die technologischen Kompetenzen Sachsens und das Format der 'Projektwerkstatt' vor. Letzteres ist ein Transferinstrument der WFS mit dem Ziel Kooperationsmöglichkeiten und konkrete Projektideen zu diskutieren.
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Young-On, Harold. "FMS performance versus WIP under different scheduling rules." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020059/.
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Guo, Shin-Ming. "WIP and control mechanisms of tandem queueing systems /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914827133.
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Santos, Arlindo. "Adaptação de conteúdos Web para o ambiente WAP." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/1336.
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Um dos actuais desafios da Internet surge a partir do momento que a tecnologia
WAP permite a utilização de dispositivos móveis para aceder à informação
disponível na Internet formatada de acordo com uma especificação própria.
Mas os dispositivos móveis apenas podem aceder a conteúdos multimédia
projectados de acordo com uma especificação que difere daquela que é usada para
disponibilizar conteúdos para os computadores pessoais. E como um dos actuais
entraves para o sucesso da tecnologia WAP é sem dúvida a escassez de conteúdos
quando comparada com quantidade de informação Web. É portanto necessário criar
mecanismos de enriquecimento através da adaptação da informação existente na
Web ou simplesmente através do desenvolvimento de conteúdos próprios.
Esta dissertação tem como objectivo apresentar uma aplicação responsável pela
adaptação automática de conteúdos disponibilizados na World Wide Web para o
ambiente WAP, e assim permitir que os utilizadores móveis possam aceder a
informação que até agora era acessível apenas a computadores pessoais. Para
efectuar o desenvolvimento dessa aplicação foi necessário investigar os métodos e
técnicas associados ao processo de conversão da linguagem de formatação dos
documentos da Web (HTML) para a linguagem de formatação normalizada para o
ambiente WAP (WML). One of the current challenges of the Internet derives from the fact that the
WAP technology allows the use of mobile devices to access information available on
the Internet shaped according to a specific standard.
However mobile devices only access multimedia content if it is configured
according to a standard which differs from that used for personal computers. And
one of the existing obstacles for the success of WAP technology is, without any
doubt, the lack of content when compared to the quantity of information available in
the Web. It is therefore necessary to create packages to adapt the existing Web
information or simply to allow the development of dedicated content.
This thesis has got the main purpose of introducing a package for the automatic
conversion of content available on the World Wide Web to the WAP environment,
and thus allow mobile users to have access to information that until now was only
available through personal computers. In order to accomplish the development of this
package, it was necessary to investigate methods and techniques that may be used in
the process of converting Web documents language (HTML) to WAP standard
language (WML). L’un des actuels défis de l’internet apparaît dès le moment où la technologie
WAP permet l’utilisation de dispositifs mobiles pour accéder à l’information
disponible à l’internet dont la formatation suit une spécification déterminée.
Mais les dispositifs mobiles peuvent seulement accéder à des contenus
multimédias avec une spécification qui est différente de celle qui est usée pour mettre
à la disposition des contenus d’ordinateurs personnels. Et comme un des actuels
obstacles pour le succès de la technologie WAP est, sans doute, la rareté des
contenus comparativement à la quantité d’information Web, il faut, donc, créer des
mécanismes d’enrichissement avec l’adaptation de l’information Web existante ou
simplement avec le développement de contenus spécifiques.
Cette dissertation a pour objectif présenter une application responsable par
l’adaptation automatique de contenus mis à disposition à la World Wide Web pour
WAP, et, de cette manière, permettre que les utilisateurs de mobiles puissent accéder
à l’information qui jusqu’ici était seulement accessible par des ordinateurs
personnels. Pour effectuer le développement de cette application, il a été nécessaire
de chercher les méthodes et les techniques associés au procès de conversion du
langage utilisé pour formater des documents de la Web (HTML) en langage de
formatation normalisée de WAP (WML).
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Gonzalez, V. "Uncertainty management in repetitive building projects using WIP buffers." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/18893.
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Variability in production as a special kind of uncertainty is one of the largest factors that negatively impacts construction project performance. A common construction practice to protect production systems from variability is the use of buffers (Bf). Construction practitioners and researchers have proposed buffering approaches for different production situations, but these approaches have faced either theoretical limitations in its formulation or practical limitations in their application. For overcoming these limitations, a general methodology to design and manage Bf at strategic, tactical and operational scheduling levels based on lean production principles is proposed in this thesis. This methodology is focused on repetitive building projects in which Work-In-Process (WIP) is used as Bf. At strategic level, the methodology considers a multiobjective analytic model (MAM) to design WIP Bf which is based on simulation optimization (SO) modeling and Pareto Front concepts. At tactical level, the methodology uses the SO modeling approach to design WIP Bf which applies Evolutionary Strategies (ES) as optimization search approach. Both approaches MAM and SO modeling allow for the design of optimum WIP Bf sizes by optimizing different projects objectives (e.g. project cost, time and productivity). At operational level, the Rational Commitment Model (RCM) is used in the methodology to manage WIP Bf. RCM is an operational decision-making tool for production planning and commitment negotiation which is constructed as a statistical model. RCM helps to determine optimum WIP Bf sizes optimizing labor productivity. Nomographs for WIP Bf manipulation of practical use were developed for the MAM and the RCM. The application advantages of the WIP Bf design and management methodology were demonstrated through its hypothetical and real application in repetitive building projects at the different scheduling levels. The main results were reduction of the variability impacts, leading to general improvements over project performance. A closer examination of these results showed that the most important impacts were the reduction of project costs and the increment of labor productivity. In addition, this research motivated the explicit use of WIP Bf in the studied projects, changing in some cases the Bf management culture in on-site organization. Further research should be made in order to explore and test the application of the general methodology to WIP Bf design and management as a whole.
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Roediger, Stephan. "WAP, i-Mode und die Rolle von XHTML Basic." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200100495.
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Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur "Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme" der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz.
Workshop-Thema: Mobilitaet
Dieser Vortrag vermittelt eine Uebersicht zu den derzeit verwendeten Technologien, um Inhalte auf mobilen Endgeraeten darzustellen. Speziell geht es dabei um vergleichende Betrachtungen zwischen WAP (WML) und i-Mode (cHTML). Ferner werden potentielle Entwicklungsmoeglichkeiten unter dem Einfluss von XHTML Basic, XML und XSL aufgezeigt.
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Lomvall, Thomas, and Sara Klinthammar. "Wardriving : WEP, WPA och WPS inom och mellan städer." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18923.
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Friheten att kunna sitta på balkongen och surfa, chatta, läsa e-post med mera har blivit en självklarhet för de allra flesta, nya spelkonsoler med trådlös teknik gör att spelaren kan interagera mer med handlingen i spelet, personvågar som mäter vikt, BMI och fettmassa och överför denna information till en server trådlöst där användaren kan följa sin viktkurva och så vidare. I stort sett allt som kan vara trådlöst är trådlöst idag. Med de uppenbara fördelarna av att använda trådlös kommunikation och de mängder med nya enheter som stödjer detta så är det ingen nyhet att trådlöst är här för att stanna. Trådlös kommunikation finns överallt omkring oss, men det är inte alltid den är implementerad på ett sätt som sätter säkerheten först. En av svagheterna i att allt fler enheter stödjer trådlöst är att det krävs en viss teknisk kunskap för att konfigurera dessa på ett säkert sätt. Ointresse eller okunskap gör att val av kryptering och lösenord inte prioriteras hos en del användare där funktionen ses som det viktigaste. Idag finns det tre olika krypteringslösningar som är i bruk, alla tre har svagheter som kan utnyttjas. WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy var den första krypterinslösningen för trådlös kommunikation, som hörs på namnet skulle vara lika säkert som det trådbundna. WEP knäcks snabbt och rekommenderas inte att användas av någon. WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access anses vara nödlösningen medan arbetet på WPA2 pågick. WPA2 släpptes kort efter WPA och anses fortfarande säker om under vissa förutsättningar, mer om detta längre fram i rapporten. Även om WPA2 konfigureras rätt kan intrång ske om inte administrationsverktygen, som till exempel WPS, är säkra. WPS - Wi-Fi Protected Setup är en lösning för att snabbt och enkelt koppla in nya enheter till nätverk med högsta möjliga säkerhet utan att de som installerar enheterna behöver vara så tekniskt bevandrade. WPS knäcktes så sent som i slutet av december 2011 och kan komma att påverka säkerheten för miljontals användare då alla större tillverkare har någon form av WPS-funktion på sina accesspunkter. Denna rapport beskriver en kartläggning av svagheter, även kallat wardriving, det är ett sätt att undersöka vilka trådlösa nätverk som finns inom ett givet område. Wardriving är på inget sätt ett intrång i någons nätverk, inga data skickas och inga resurser på någons nätverk används. Det enda som sker är att mjukvara söker efter trådlösa nätverk och sparar information som sänds ut.
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Larsson, Marie. "En jämförelse mellan versionerna 1.2 och 2.0 av WAP." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-652.
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Asplund, Fredrik. "Parsing of X.509 certificates in a WAP environment." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1455.
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This master thesis consists of three parts. The first part contains a summary of what is needed to understand a X.509 parser that I have created, a discussion concerning the technical problems I encountered during the programming of this parser and a discussion concerning the final version of the parser. The second part concerns a comparison I made between the X.509 parser I created and a X.509 parser created"automatically"by a compiler. I tested static memory, allocation of memory during runtime and utilization of the CPU for both my parser (MP) and the parser that had a basic structure constructed by a compiler (OAP). I discuss changes in the parsers involved to make the comparison fair to OAP, the results from the tests and when circumstances such as time and non-standard content in the project make one way of constructing a X.509 parser better than the other way. The last part concerns a WTLS parser (a simpler kind of X.509 parser), which I created.
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Javed, Omar Saleem. "A comparison of WAP development in C# and Java." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1102101-124311/restricted/javedo120401.pdf.
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ITO, ADRIANA SOARES. "WIP INVENTORY MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN AN OIL COMPANY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35725@1.
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Elevado custo com estoques é um problema enfrentado por muitas empresas brasileiras. Reduzir esse custo mostra-se como uma oportunidade, mas essa redução deve ser acompanhada de uma análise criteriosa, de maneira a não trazer consequências indesejáveis como parada de unidades ou perda de mercado. A presente dissertação teve como objetivos a proposição de um framework de gestão de estoques intermediários baseado em revisão sistemática de literatura seguida de um estudo de caso com entrevistas e observação participante, resultando na análise da gestão de estoques intermediários de uma empresa de óleo e gás. Uma comparação entre as práticas atuais da companhia e o framework foi realizada e recomendações para implantação listadas, através da proposição de um roadmap para implementação do framework. Apontamento de ganho de agilidade e foco na gestão dos estoques intermediários, e redução do inventário são elencados como contribuição desse estudo. As principais recomendações levantadas são
referentes à realização da classificação ABC dos estoques, utilização de princípios e ferramentas da filosofia lean, realização de simulações, modelagem e mapeamento de fluxo de valor. Recomendações para estudos futuros incluem técnicas quantitativas de modelagem matemática de estoques e simulações.High inventory costs is a problem faced by many Brazilian companies. Reducing these costs can be very beneficial. This reduction needs a careful analysis so as not to bring undesirable consequences, including unit downtime or reduced market share. The goal of this dissertation is to propose an intermediate stock management framework. The proposal is based on a systematic literature review followed by a case study with interviews and participant observation. An analysis of the intermediate stocks management in an oil and gas company is produced. A comparison between the current practices of the company and the proposed framework was carried out. Recommendations and a roadmap on how to implement this framework are offered. Agility in managing intermediate stocks and inventory reduction are pointed as contribution of this study. The main recommendations of this study for the company are related to ABC inventory classification, lean principles and tools, simulation, modelling and value stream mapping. Recommendations for future studies include quantitative techniques for mathematical modeling of inventories and simulations.
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Schmitz, Richard Salvalaggio. "Monitoramento remoto de informações de pacientes via protocolo wap." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85171.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T16:01:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 200024.pdf: 1930110 bytes, checksum: 11f2d01ce864e3bc8c24fa854caf297c (MD5)
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Saidi, Soraya. "Etude d'un locus de gènes WAP-RAMP3 de porc." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T036.
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Izhaq, Farhaj. "Functional characterization of WIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112063.
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Le déterminisme du sexe est un processus qui aboutit à la séparation physique des structures à l’origine des gamètes mâles et femelles, soit sur des fleurs séparées sur une même plante, pour les espèces monoïques, soit sur des individus séparés, dans le cas des espèces dioïques. Ce mécanisme favorise la fécondation croisée et augment ainsi la variabilité génétique. Il pourrait être influencé par les facteurs endogène (génétique ou hormonal) ou environnementaux. Chez le melon, le déterminisme du sexe est contrôlé par le gène A (andromonoecious) et le gène G (gynoecious). Le gène A code pour 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylique acide synthase (ACS), un enzyme impliqué dans la voie de biosynthèse d’éthylène qui inhibe le développement des étamines dans les fleurs femelles. Le gène G code pour une protéine C2H2 à doigt de zinc appartenant à la famille WIP de facteurs de transcription qui inhibe le développement des capelles dans les fleurs mâles. Chez Arabidopsis thaliana, Il y a six gènes WIP et on en sait très peu sur leur fonction moléculaire. TT1/AtWIP1 est impliqué à l’accumulation de PA dans endothélium de graines. NTT/AtWIP2 est impliqué dans le développement de TRANSMITTING TRACT de carpelle. Dans cette thèse, nous avons essayé de mettre en évidence la fonction moléculaire de gènes WIP. Dans cette étude, nous avons montré que les gènes WIP des espèces différents partiellement restaurent le phénotype de graines jaune de tt1-3 mutants et régulent positivement les gènes tardifs de biosynthèse de flavonoïdes chez Arabidopsis thaliana La complémentation fonctionnelle de mutants tt1-3 par le gène WIP de melon et le gène WIP de la mousse montre que les gènes WIP ont la même fonction globale mais diffèrent à l’échelle spatio-temporelle. Il a été montré que le second motif conservé, à l’extrémité N-terminal, du gène TT1 était essentiel pour qu’il soit fonctionnel. La substitution d’acides aminés de ce motif (N2) par des alanines diminue l’accumulation de proanthocyanidines (PA) dans l’endothélium de la graine. TT1 perturbe également le développement des pétales, des étamines et des carpelles quand il est surexprimé de manière ectopique sous le contrôle des promoteurs d’AP3 et CRC. Il a été exprimé dans les racines secondaires sous le promoteur du gène SOLITARY ROOT (SLR/IAA14) ainsi que dans les stipules sous le promoteur du gène GLABROUS1 (GL1). TT1 inhibe le développement des racines secondaires et la formation des trichomes sur les feuilles. Dans cette étude, nous avons constaté que TT1 agit comme un inhibiteur de la formation d’organes quand il est exprimé de manière ectopique. On cherchera dans cette étude à comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu lors de l’arrêt du développement de ces organes au cours du déterminisme du sexe et a évoqué de nouvelles pistes pour expliquer ce processusSex determination in plants is a process that results the development of either male or female flower on the same or different individuals. This mechanism enhances the cross pollination and raises the genetic variability. It can be influenced by endogenous (genetic or hormonal) and/or external environmental factors. In melon, gene A arrests the stamen development in the female flowers and gene G arrests the development of carpel in the male flowers hence these two genes control the sex determination mechanism in melon. Gene A encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS), an enzyme which is involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. Gene G encodes a C2H2 zinc finger proteins that belongs to WIP family of transcription factors. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are six WIP genes and very little is known about their molecular function. TT1/AtWIP1 is involved in the accumulation of PA in the seed endothelium. NTT/AtWIP2 is involved in the development of transmitting tract in the carpel. In this thesis, we tried to highlight the molecular function of the WIP genes. Here we show that WIP genes from different species partially restore the yellow seed coat color phenotype of tt1-3 mutant and upregulate the late flavonoid biosynthetic genes. The functional complementation of tt1-3 mutants by WIPs from Cucumis melo and Physcomitrella patens indicates that WIP genes have the same global function but differ on the spatio-temporal level. Second conserved motif in the N-terminus of TT1 protein was found to be essential for its proper function as alanine scanning of N2 motif of TT1 decreased the accumulation of PAs in the seed endothelium. TT1 disturbed the development of petals, stamens and carpels in flower when ectopically expressed under AP3 and CRC promoter. TT1 was expressed in the lateral roots under the promoter of SOLITARY ROOT (SLR/IAA14) and in the stipules under the promoter of GLABROUS1 (GL1). TT1 was able to inhibit the development of the lateral roots and leaf trichomes. In this study, we found that TT1 can act as organ inhibitor when ectopically expressed. Our study will help us to understand the organ arrest during sex determination mechanism and will evoke new dimensions for further explanations of this process
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Larsson, Robin, and Martin Davik. "WP-Edit." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17044.
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Det här är till för att skapa ett system där andra webbutvecklare kunde skapa sina hemsidor online. Det webbutvecklaren inte behöver tänka på är att ha en egen webbserver, vilket kan vara ett problem för många om dom sitter vid datorer med begränsade rättigheter så att dom inte kan ladda ner och installera en webbserver. En annan bra fördel är att webbutvecklaren kan logga in vart som helst, när som helst och redigera koden till en hemsida. Skulle webbutvecklaren vilja ha sitt projekt på en egen webbserver, går det enkelt att ladda ner projektet.
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Thie, Dietrich. "Schlanker Surfen - Mobil ins Internet mit WAP, WML und Co." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2000. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200000066.
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Lööf, Robert. "Framtagning av Drag&Drop klassbibliotek för WPF-baserat användargränssnitt." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19422.
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System Andersson AB is a company located in Jönköping that works with developing computer systems for the mechanical engineering industry. As of today, when this report is written, the company is working on the development of a new Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC) system. This new system aims to create not only a user friendly interface but also a modern, stylish interface. To achieve this, the company has decided to work with a, for them, new application framework; Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF).System Andersson is well known for developing systems for different kinds of touch screens, this project is no exception. For this new user interface the company wishes to implement different types of Drag&Drop functionality. They have not had enough time themselves to study and finish these parts and therefore they have chosen to hand out the task as a thesis project.The first step in the process was to get to know what WPF was and how it works, and especially how it handles Drag&Drop. The goal was to put together some sort of class library and a presentation that together were to give the company a quick guide on how they could implement the functionality into their system.As the framework was new for the company there were also a wish for alternative solutions that demonstrated how the WPF framework could be used to solve the task in as many ways as possible.This report contains a summary of the projects procedure and result. In the report the results are presented and motivated as well as demonstrated in the appendix.
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Gustafsson, Björn. "En grafisk webläsarkomponent med hjälp av WPF i Visual Studio." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95348.
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WPF is a newly introduced graphical system that is a part of Microsoft’s .NET Framework. This report will evaluate WPF and its features. A comparison is made mainly towards the previous version of .NET which is .NET 2.0. The work is partly theoretical and partly implementational. The prototype that has been implemented is a graphical component which resembles a program in which a company can buy spare parts from. The report will also evaluate the use of flow documents and different text editing options. The implementation will focus on the usability of WPF.
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Lindström, Alexander, and Emil Ringensjö. "Implementation av timingbaserat fightingspel till Kinect i C# och WPF." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96929.
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Spelutveckling är något som ständigt förändras, möjligheterna vi har idag är väldigt olika de möjligheter vi hade för tio år sedan och de möjligheter som vi kommer att ha om tio år. I denna rapport vill vi utforska några av dessa nya möjligheter och vi vill därför ta reda på hur väl lämpat C# och WPF är för implementationen av ett timingbaserat fightingspel till rörelsesensorn Microsoft Kinect genom att genomföra sagda implementation. Resultatet av detta examensarbete är en tidig version av spelet och en analys av de svårigheter som har uppstått och de begräsningar som vi har upptäckt med C#, WPF och Kinect.
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Santiso, Quiñones Gustavo. "Octahedral versus trigonal prismatic rearrangements in MoF6 and WF6 derivatives." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/11/index.html.
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Johansson, Robert, Mikael Bäck, and Robert Forsman. "Wap usage In Sweden : Could i-mode be an option?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-580.
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Mobiltelefonianvändningen har sedan början av 2000-talet haft en stark tillväxt och till-sammans med utvecklade tekniker ifrån Internet uppstod förutsättningar för en ny marknad – mobilt Internet. Europa, Nord Amerika och Japan ledde utvecklingen. Europa och Nord Amerika utvecklade Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) medan ett japanskt företag NTT DoCoMos utvecklade ett eget system – i-mode – som dominerar den japanska marknaden idag. Detta medan WAP-användningen ej blev den succé man hade hoppats på och användningen av WAP är ej speciellt hög idag, trots att de flesta mobiltelefoner i Sverige har stöd för WAP.
Syftet med denna rapport är att förklara utifrån ett användarperspektiv varför WAP-användningen är låg i Sverige samt hur i-mode kunde lyckas så väl på den japanska mark-naden. Rapporten syftar också till att undersöka befintliga mobilanvändares behov angående mobilt Internet och upptäcka ifall i-mode möter dessa behov. En jämförelse skall också ske av hur WAP och i-mode har marknadsförts. Resultatet skall förklara varför majoriteten av svenska mobilanvändare ej använder WAP.
Forskningen inledes med en litteraturstudie. Med denna litteraturstudie som stöd så valde vi att genomföra en enkätundersökning för att upptäcka den utvalda populationens behov och användninsgrad av mobilt Internet. Utfallen från enkätundersökningen analyserades tillsammans med teorier och det tillsammans skapade resultatet.
• Människor i Sverige tenderar till att använda internet hemma istället.
• WAP-användning är dyrt och långsamt idag.
• Kunskapen om WAP bland det svenska folket är dålig.
• Med vår forskning som utgångspunkt så finns det inget behov för mobilt Internet.
Det låga användandet av mobilt Internet förklaras främst med att de svenska användarna utnyttjar tillgången av Internet hemma. Detta ser inte vi som en egentlig orsak utan mer som ett resultat av de brister som mobilt Internet uppvisar. Större delen av dessa behov klarar ej en i-mode implementation i Sverige av att tillfredsställa i dagsläget. Därför ser vi ej i-mode som ett alternativ idag. Däremot anser vi att om i-mode kan marknadsföra sig som i Japan – som ett komplett system med unika funktioner – istället för en komprimerad ver-sion av internet, så kan i-mode vara ett fullvärdigt alternativ då tekniken redan finns för en implementation i Sverige.
Since the beginning of the 21st century mobile phone usage has had a big growth. Together with developed techniques from the Internet conditions for a new market emerged – mobile Internet. Europe, North America and Japan took the lead in this development. Europe and North America developed Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) whilst a Japanese company, NTT DoCoMo, developed their own standard – i-mode – which is dominating the Japanese market today. WAP on the other hand was not a success at all and the usage is still low today in Sweden, even though almost all mobile phones support WAP.
The purpose of this thesis is to, from a user perspective, explain why the WAP usage is so low in Sweden and also explain how i-mode became such a success on the Japanese market. In the thesis we will research mobile phone users needs regarding mobile Internet, and if those needs can be applied to i-mode functionality. We will also compare WAP and i-mode marketing. The result will then explain why the majority of Swedish mobile phone owners do not use WAP.
We started out with a literature study, which became the base of our chosen method; a survey. Thus to discover the chosen populations’ needs, demands and degree of usage of mobile Internet. A result was created from the survey data and theories.
• People in Sweden tend to use Internet at home instead.
• WAP usage today is expensive and has slow bandwidth.
• The knowledge about WAP is poor among the Swedish population.
• There is no need for mobile Internet in Sweden according to our research.
The low mobile Internet usage can mainly be explained with that people in Sweden rather use Internet at home. We are convinced that this is not the main reason though, since this result emerged because of WAPs faults and weaknesses. The majority of these demands can not be satisfied by an i-mode implementation. That is why we do not see i-mode as an alternative to WAP in Sweden. Although if i-mode could use another approach in their marketing they may succeed – like a stand-alone system with unique functions. Using this approach instead of marketing the service as a light version of the Internet, as we see today in WAP.
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Coley, Andrea L. "Minimizing WIP over a Rolling Horizon in a Job Shop." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12162002-212521/.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a job shop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing work in process (WIP) subject to meeting due dates constraints is evaluated in a rolling horizon setting. An iterative-adaptive deterministic simulation-based procedure is first used to obtain a feasible solution. This procedure, the Virtual Factory, has been shown to provide near-optimal solutions to industrial-sized problems in seconds for the criterion of minimizing maximum lateness, Lmax. Then, a simulated annealing post-processing procedure is used to determine when to release jobs to minimize WIP while keeping Lmax ≤ 0.
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Roque, Damien. "Modulations multiporteuses WCP-OFDM : évaluation des performances en environnement radiomobile." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789990.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreuses applications de communications numériques font face à des canaux de transmission sélectifs en temps et en fréquence que nous pouvons assimiler à des systèmes linéaires variants dans le temps. À travers ces travaux de thèse, nous montrons que les modulations multiporteuses suréchantillonnées constituent une technique de transmission adaptée à ce type d'environnement. Cependant, la complexité algorithmique des émetteurs-récepteurs présente un frein majeur à leur adoption. Fort de ce constat, nous nous intéressons à la sous-famille des modulations multiporteuses suréchantillonnées à filtres courts (WCP-OFDM), dont la complexité algorithmique est comparable à celle de l'OFDM avec préfixe cyclique. Après avoir exprimé les conditions de reconstruction parfaite, nous développons des égaliseurs de faible complexité et étudions la problématique du rapport de puissance crête sur puissance moyenne du signal en sortie d'émetteur. Enfin, nous analysons les performances de ces modulations à travers plusieurs scénarios de propagation radiomobile. Les résultats de simulation confirment l'intérêt du WCP-OFDM, associé à des filtres prototypes bien localisés en temps et en fréquence pour faire face aux canaux doublement sélectifs.
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Klischat, Susanne Martina. "WAP-Services für die Hochschule der Medien: Erreichbarkeitsauskunft und Verzeichnisdienst." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11675530.
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Bayse, Emmanuel. "Méthodologie de test passif par invariants : application au protocole WAP." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELE0004.
Full textAbstract:
Le test de conformité est devenu une activité essentielle dans le cycle de développement des systèmes de communication. Ce test a pour but de s'assurer que le produit fini correspond bien à la spécification de référence. La méthodologie consiste à générer automatiquement un ensemble de tests de conformité, et à stimuler l'implantation sous test en injectant les séquences de tests, puis à comparer le comportement produit avec celui attendu par la spécification. Ces méthodes dites actives supposent qu'elles peuvent toujours Interagir avec l'implantation sous test. Or, cette technique n'est pas toujours possible dans les systèmes de protocoles en couche. De plus, le contrôle des entrées émises par le testeur pour stimuler l'implantation limite la détection de certaines erreurs qui peuvent se produire dans un environnement hostile. La phase de test monopolise le système et cela peut être coûteux pour les industriels. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche passive non intrusive pour effectuer du test de conformité dans le cadre du domaine des protocoles de communication. Notre démarche de test passif est d'évaluer le comportement de l'implantation dans son environnement réel à travers une analyse des traces d'exécution produites. Elle s'organise autour de deux étapes complémentaires. Une première où des experts et/ou testeurs de protocoles définissent des propriétés fonctionnelles de conformité exigées par la spécification et exprimées dans le formalisme des invariants. Ces derniers sont vérifiés sur la spécification représentée sous forme d'une machine à états finis au moyen d'algorithmes effcaces afin de mesurer leur validité. La seconde étape s'intéresse à retrouver ses invariants dans les traces d'exécution issues de l'implantation sous test par reconnaissance de motifs afin d'établir un diagnostic sur le comportement de celle-ci. Nous prolongeons également le champ de l'applicabilité de la méthode proposée pour le test de conformité au test d'interopérabilité en étendant nos algorithmes. Nous enrichissons la syntaxe des invariants en introduisant le concept des signatures contextuelles qui offrent un cadre adapté pour considérer la partie donnée dans l'expression des invariants, le type de propriété défini, et d'autres notions telles que les états. Dans cette thèse, nous fournissions un outil de test que nous avons conçu pour éprouver et automatiser notre méthodologie de test passif sur l'implantation des couches du protocole réel WAPConformance testing became an essential activity in the life cycle of development of the communication systems. The purpose of this test is to guarantee that the finished product corresponds well to the specification of reference. The methodology used consists of an automated generation of conformance test suite from the specification that are applied on the implementation under test. The answers of the system are compared to those expected according to the test sequence. These methods known as active suppose that they can always interact with the implementation under test. However, this technique is not always possible in the systems of protocols in layer. Moreover, the control of the inputs emitted by the tester to stimulate the implementation limits the detection of certain errors which can occur in a hostile environment. Finally, the testing step can be costly as it monopolizes the system for a long time. In this thesis, we propose a none intrusive passive approach to perform conformance testing of communication protocols. Our passive testing method evaluates the behavior of the implementation in its real environment through an analysis of the real execution traces. This stepwise approach is divided in two steps. First, functional properties of the system are expressed by experts and/or testers by means of invariants. These properties are then checked against the specification (i. E. A Finite State Machine) of the system in order to ensure the validity of these properties. We have de_ned algorithms that conduct backward or forward search in the FSM. The second step consists of the checking of the properties on real execution traces of the implementation under test by pattern matching techniques. We extend the applicability of the proposed method for the conformance testing to the interoperability testing. We improve the expressiveness of our invariants by introducing the concept of the contextual signatures which other a framework adapted to consider the data part given in the invariants expression, the type of property defined, and other concepts such as the states. In this thesis, we provided a test tool that we designed to experiment and automate our passive testing methodology
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Malikebu, Charles. "The socio-economic bearing of donor aid suspension in Malawi between 2007 and 2011 : a case study of the World Food Programme (WFP) school meals programme in Chiradzulu District." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
In Sub-Saharan Africa, one of the world’s poorest regions, governments heavily rely upon
donor Aid in order to sustain their national budgets and address the exacerbation of poverty.
Malawi, one of the poorest countries in the region is no exception and part of the cause of the
poverty is donor aid suspension. The United Nation’s World Food Programme (WFP) in
Malawi introduced the School Feeding programme in 1999. The intention was to reduce
dropout rates, promote regular attendance, increase enrolment, and improve children’s ability
to concentrate and learn, and improve government capacity to implement a school meals
programme. During the period between 2007 and 2011, the WFP announced the temporary
suspension of the programme for half a million children in 10 of the 13 Malawian Districts of
which the Chirazdulu district was one. Since the suspension of the programme, no proper
study has been conducted to indicate the bearing of the suspension. The purpose of the study
was to explore in which ways suspension of Aid provision by the WFP from 2007 to 2011
affected the school meals programme and the socio-economic status of the beneficiaries of
the programme in the Chiradzulu district in Malawi. Participants in the study were three
teachers at two schools where the programme is offered and four parents from the two
schools who were involved in the administration of the programme. A qualitative research
approached was used and a case study design was applied at two schools in the Chiradzulu
district where the WFP’s school meals programme was implemented. Semi-structure
interview schedules that were pre-tested were used during the individual interviews
conducted with parents and teachers. The school meals programme is still implemented at the
two schools today.
The main findings revealed that donor aid suspension affected the continued implementation
of the school meals programme and the socio-economic wellbeing of the programme’s
beneficiaries. There was a reduction in school attendance by learners, increased absenteeism,
evidence of malnourishment amongst learners and increasing pressure on parents to provide
breakfast for the learners before they went to school. For the programme to have a sustainable
impact it is recommended that its implementation must not be interrupted by aid suspension,
the programme must be expanded but remain targeted and not become universal and the
Malawi government assume full responsibility of the programme and stop reliance on foreign
funding.
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Ross, D. A. "Making a meal of it: the World Food Programme and legitimacy in global politics." 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3542.
Full textAbstract:
The world faces many complex and difficult problems at the global level – problems that are increasingly recognised as requiring political as much as technical solutions. While such issues are often taken to concern, in broad terms, global governance, more specifically, the political aspects of such governance are fundamentally linked to interactions between the United Nations system and the power exercised by the United States of America (US). One important and distinctive arena within which these interactions can be viewed is the international food aid regime, and its central organisation, the World Food Programme (WFP) - an area lacking in concerted political science study in recent years. This thesis is concerned with the role of the US in shaping the legitimacy of the WFP within the institutional context of the international food aid regime. Legitimacy is defined as deriving from the three elements of inclusion, accountability and effectiveness. The WFP and international regime are, it is argued, well respected, relatively effective, and enjoy high levels of legitimacy. At a micro level there are many specific historical and localised factors resulting in this legitimacy; at the macro level many of these factors can be linked to the interaction of norms and interests between the US and the regime.In particular, the regime’s development and success has been closely related to both a congruence between the US domestic feed-the-hungry norm and the regime’s international feed-the-hungry norm, and a process of divergence between those norms. It is this normative interplay that has enabled US power to be deployed and constrained in a manner resulting in high levels of legitimacy for the WFP. While in many respects this has limited WFP’s capacity to do more with the problem of global hunger than merely ameliorate it, the nature of the problem is much bigger than the capacities of any single operational agency of the United Nations.
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Lin, Yu-teng, and 林郁騰. "WAP Gateway." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85630732889011135675.
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Tseng, Chien-Hao, and 曾健豪. "WAP Mobile Banking System." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66475697797412832662.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
95
The constant innovation of action science and technology, in order to pursue the convenience, demands of the electronic-transactions are more and more too, the implementation of the mobile banking has been accepted by the people gradually, though the question of the security has existed all the time, in order to ask the convenience, many people would like to apply for the mobile banking, admit at mobile inputting account number and password finish the financial transaction. Promote Citizen Digital Certificate and bank to withdraw deposit from the government after the magnetic stripe card changes the chip financial card, begin someone and apply for the chip financial card of the bank with using the card reading machine, transfer the bank with the inquiry into balance of the account in websites of network bank. Under the bankers association of the republic of china and finacial information service company promote in a more cost-effective manner, various kinds of chip financial card read card machine let the people accept gradually already, web ATM （Automated Teller Machine） prevail. But the push in the action bank of Taiwan, stay in STK ( SIM Tool Kit) Action bank way, with the introduction of the new wireless communication standard, this research hopes to propose a new WAP ( Wireless Application Protocol) Action bank way,adopt mould group WIM（WAP Identity Module） as the foundation with WAP 2.0 standard, WPKI（Wireless Application Protocol Public Key Infrastructure）safe mechanism and action user's end, design a set of WAP action banking systems with security, as the reference which bank promotes of the future action.
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Cheng, Chia-Ming, and 鄭家明. "Enhance WEP Protocol with HMAC." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21269852911572626022.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
網路工程研究所
96
The mobility offered by wireless networks enables users to have the access to related network resources if they are within served area of access points. Owing to the convenience of wireless networks, the population of it users are getting more and more. In addition, network security is always a vital issue for either the Ethernet or wireless networks. This paper presented an optimized solution to eliminate the security holes of WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) which includes the plaintext transmission of IV, vulnerable to replay attacks and the reliability problem. As compared with WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) which complies.
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Long, Chi-Mao, and 龍其貿. "Study on WAP Based Document." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60193921591652414569.
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Weng, Chia-Cheng, and 翁嘉誠. "Security Service with WAP 2.0." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09055751941346850493.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊管理研究所
93
Although all the telecommunications incorporations of Taiwan supply with WAP service, the market research reveals that the service about WAP are not convenient to consumers, especially the transmission speed, the expenses and the service contents which are the chief reasons that consumers wouldn’t like to use WAP service. Finding out the reason is that WAP 1.x standard has a lot of defects. The influence of the defects on the network security causes a lot of application service cannot be popular. Thus on August 2001 WAP Forum set up the standard of WAP 2.0 that it connected WAP 2.0, agreement of Internet TCP and HTTP syntax, which raised transmission speed, reduced the development expenses and enhance the service security. The purpose of the studying is that makes security application service of WAP 2.0, which develops the application service of WAP 2.0 on cellphone to get security transactions with SSL and CA(Certification Authority), then the consumers will find one more transaction way except credit card and cash card.
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Chang, Yu-Jen, and 章余任. "A WAP-based e-Life." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57556751715938577036.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
資訊工程研究所
88
The explosion of wireless phones has changed how people communicate with others. Now, the Web-enabled devices provide a new method to use the Internet. In a recent study about wireless Internet versus wired, it predicts that more people will access the Web via a wireless device than by a PC. Therefore, there is a new network communication protocol called “Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)” has been developed. It is an open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and telephony services instantly. In this thesis, we have developed and implemented a WAP-based e-Life application services. Our system essentially consists of Intelligent Personal Assistant, Real-Time Information Services, Location-bound Services, Personal Financial Management, and Mobile Office. The issues related to the design of these modules are also discussed.
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Falé, Miguel Amorim. "Improving vulnerability detection of wap." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/31603.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de mestrado, Informática, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2017As aplicações web apresentam um nível de sofisticação que foi gradualmente melhorado no decorrer de duas décadas. Em particular, estas aplicações evoluíram de simples aglomerados de documentos hipermédia, para sistemas altamente complexos e extensíveis, desempenhando um papel fundamental no acesso a uma miríade de serviços. No entanto, esta evolução manifesta-se também pela procura e desenvolvimento de aplicações avançadas em prazos restritos, um fenómeno que é desencadeado pela competitividade agressiva e dinamismo próprios da Web moderna. Esta mudança de paradigma leva muitos programadores a seguir atalhos no desenvolvimento de aplicações, tal como o uso de linguagens de programação populares (ex. PHP), a integração de bibliotecas e extensões de origem dúbia, e a negligência para com os bons padrões de desenvolvimento de software. Infelizmente, tais práticas encontram-se frequentemente associadas à ocorrência de vulnerabilidades no código fonte destas aplicações, que comprometem a segurança das mesmas. A gravidade deste problema induz assim uma urgência crescente no que toca ao desenvolvimento de aplicações seguras. Contudo, o sucesso das medidas de segurança depende tanto dos conhecimentos de quem as elabora, bem como da correta utilização das linguagens de programação. ´E por isso que uma longa história de trabalho em segurança de aplicações web tem vindo a acompanhar tal evolução. As ferramentas de análise estática de código são utilizadas para detetarem vulnerabilidades nos programas de forma automática. Por excelência, estas ferramentas são as mais utilizadas por conseguirem uma maior cobertura do código analisado, poderem ser utilizadas durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento de aplicações e por não necessitarem de executar o código da aplicação. Porém, a qualidade da análise realizada por estas ferramentas na deteção de vulnerabilidades assenta na correta codificação do conhecimento sobre as vulnerabilidades a detetar e implementação das técnicas de análise estática de código, tal como a análise de comprometimento. Isso significa que, por um lado, estas ferramentas apenas procuram vulnerabilidades no código fonte para as quais foram codificadas, sendo incapazes de encontrar os restantes tipos de vulnerabilidades. Por outro lado, podem gerar falsos positivos (falsas vulnerabilidades) e falsos negativos (vulnerabilidades não detetadas) devido à não completude das técnicas de análise estática nelas implantadas. O principal objetivo desta dissertação assenta no melhoramento das capacidades de deteção de vulnerabilidades presentes na ferramenta Web Application Protection (WAP) para análise de código PHP. A concretização deste objetivo pressupõe três passos. O primeiro passo consiste, numa primeira instancia, no estudo das vulnerabilidades de validação de input de aplicações web e das formas como são detetadas por análise estática de código. Seguidamente, no levantamento de falhas de implementação num conjunto de ferramentas de análise estática de código fonte em PHP e em particular na WAP. É importante perceber que falhas estão presentes nas ferramentas atuais e de que forma se correlacionam com os falsos positivos e negativos gerados nas análises. Para efetuar este levantamento, é necessário executar cada ferramenta em estudo e comparar os resultados de ferramentas diferentes, utilizando como alvo de análise os mesmos artefactos de software em PHP. ´E de igual importância analisar o código manualmente, pelo que constituía única forma de detetar falsos negativos e confirmar falsos positivos simultaneamente presentes em todas as ferramentas. As ferramentas são aplicadas no processamento de código fonte PHP encontrado em pacotes de software da plataforma WordPress. O segundo passo consiste no estudo de um dos problemas identificados. O problema selecionado para o efeito assenta na identificação e resolução de dependências circulares no código fonte, as quais podem prejudicar a qualidade da análise, provocando até a paragem inesperada da ferramenta. As dependências circulares são oriundas da inclusão recursiva de código contido em ficheiros (ex. ficheiro a inclui ficheiro b e ficheiro b inclui ficheiro a). Inicialmente, é feito um levantamento das capacidades de inclusão disponíveis na linguagem PHP com base na documentação oficial. Seguidamente, são definidos e avaliados casos de estudo que utilizam estas capacidades de modo a produzir dependências circulares. Observam-se os respetivos comportamentos das ferramentas no processamento destes casos. Simultaneamente, é feita uma ponte com o comportamento demonstrado pelo PHP Zend, pois fornece um contexto prático que serve para completar as ambiguidades identificadas na documentação oficial. O terceiro passo consiste na resolução do problema das dependências circulares na ferramenta WAP. Apresentamos propostas de resolução do problema das dependências circulares, passando pela identificação de ficheiros raiz, caminhos de inclusão e causadores de ciclo dado um conjunto aleatório de ficheiros PHP. Este passo culmina no desenvolvimento de dois algoritmos que detetam e resolvem ciclos num projeto PHP, respetivamente. Oferecemos uma avaliação experimental das melhorias implementadas na ferramenta WAP, com base em pacotes de software da plataforma WordPress. Por um lado, a avaliação pretende verificar a capacidade de deteção de ciclos e vulnerabilidades por parte da versão melhorada da WAP. Por outro, permite a confirmação dos comportamentos identificados no segundo passo, bem como a identificação de novos problemas, relacionados com falhas de implementação das ferramentas Pixy, RIPS e phpSAFE. A nova versão da ferramenta WAP (WAP++) permitiu identificar e resolver 16 de pendências circulares e detetar 6 vulnerabilidades adicionais além das 885 vulnerabilidades detetadas pela versão original. Para além disso, a ferramenta WAP++ não apresenta nem os comportamentos erróneos da versão original, nem os comportamentos erróneos observados nas outras ferramentas de análise estática. Em contraste, a versão original da ferramenta WAP não identifica quaisquer dependências circulares.
For over two decades, the web has been evolving from a simple set of hypermedia documents to a complex ecosystem of web applications that are supported by various frameworks. This paradigm shift has been promoting a series of practices that lead to an increasing number of vulnerabilities, which can compromise the security of web applications. One of the main contributing factors lies in vulnerable source code, written in unsafe languages such as PHP. In order to mitigate the problem, a large research effort on web application security has occurred over the past years. Source code static analysis tools perform the task of finding program vulnerabilities in an automated fashion. These tools offer superior code coverage, easier integration into the application development cycle, and do not require the actual code to be executed. They instead perform source code analysis, looking for potential bugs while inspecting the program code. However, the analysis performed by these tools depends on their knowledge of the classes of vulnerabilities and the implementation of analysis techniques, such as taint analysis. This means that, on one hand, the tools only search for vulnerabilities in the source code that they hold knowledge of, being unable to find other kinds of problems. On the other hand, the tools may generate false positives and false negatives, due to the limitations and incompleteness of implemented analysis techniques. One of such tools is the Web Application Protection (WAP). The main objective of this dissertation is to identify problems with WAP and improve its vulnerability detection capabilities, when processing open source PHP code. Four static analysis tools - WAP, Pixy, phpSAFE and RIPS - are evaluated against a set of WordPress plugins that are known to be vulnerable, in order to collect examples of incorrect processing of the tools which lead, for instance, to false negatives. Additionally, we define and evaluate several use cases for a common found limitation, which consists in the identification and circumvention of circular dependencies (i.e., recursive inclusion of code) in the source code. If circular dependencies are not treated correctly, they may lead to unexpected tool behaviors and incorrect analyses. These assessments help reflecting upon new solutions to address WAP’s shortcomings. A new version of WAP is implemented, and evaluated with the same original WordPress plugins. This dissertation offers the following contributions. A list of vulnerabilities is compiled through manual analysis of the plugins, in a format that allows comparison between the chosen tools, and the identification of common false negatives. An enhanced version of WAP is implemented, with improved detection capabilities that reduce both false positives and false negatives. Two evaluations concerning WAP and a set of WordPress plugins are present, comparing the results before and after the enhancements, respectively.
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杜瑩美. "= WIP management model for wafer fabrication." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08508837493100434898.
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