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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Whales, Fossil

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Academic literature on the topic 'Whales, Fossil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Whales, Fossil"

1

Marx, Felix G., Travis Park, Erich M. G. Fitzgerald, and Alistair R. Evans. "A Miocene pygmy right whale fossil from Australia." PeerJ 6 (June 22, 2018): e5025. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5025.

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Neobalaenines are an enigmatic group of baleen whales represented today by a single living species: the pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata, found only in the Southern Hemisphere. Molecular divergence estimates date the origin of pygmy right whales to 22–26 Ma, yet so far there are only three confirmed fossil occurrences. Here, we describe an isolated periotic from the latest Miocene of Victoria (Australia). The new fossil shows all the hallmarks of Caperea, making it the second-oldest described neobalaenine, and the oldest record of the genus. Overall, the new specimen resembles C. marginata in its external morphology and details of the cochlea, but is more archaic in it having a hypertrophied suprameatal area and a greater number of cochlear turns. The presence of Caperea in Australian waters during the Late Miocene matches the distribution of the living species, and supports a southern origin for pygmy right whales.

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Taylor, Larry D., Aaron O’Dea, Timothy J. Bralower, and Seth Finnegan. "Isotopes from fossil coronulid barnacle shells record evidence of migration in multiple Pleistocene whale populations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 15 (2019): 7377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808759116.

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Migration is an integral feature of modern mysticete whale ecology, and the demands of migration may have played a key role in shaping mysticete evolutionary history. Constraining when migration became established and assessing how it has changed through time may yield valuable insight into the evolution of mysticete whales and the oceans in which they lived. However, there are currently few data which directly assess prehistoric mysticete migrations. Here we show that calcite δ18O profiles of two species of modern whale barnacles (coronulids) accurately reflect the known migration routes of their host whales. We then analyze well-preserved fossil coronulids from three different locations along the eastern Pacific coast, finding that δ18O profiles from these fossils exhibit trends and ranges similar to modern specimens. Our results demonstrate that migration is an ancient behavior within the humpback and gray whale lineages and that multiple Pleistocene populations were undertaking migrations of an extent similar to those of the present day.

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RAVIKANT, VADLAMANI, and S. BAJPAI. "Strontium isotope evidence for the age of Eocene fossil whales of Kutch, western India." Geological Magazine 147, no. 3 (2010): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756810000099.

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AbstractThe Indian subcontinent is widely considered to be the birthplace of whales (Cetacea), and the middle Eocene Harudi Formation of Kutch has long been known to be a major source of early whales. The Kutch cetaceans are of critical importance in understanding the evolutionary transition of whales from land to sea. Strontium isotope analysis of marine biogenic carbonates from the Harudi Formation was conducted to obtain a numerical age of the whale-bearing strata. Although the measured 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707742 to 0.707764) correspond to two distinct age clusters of 46–47.5 Ma or 41–42.5 Ma, we prefer the latter, late Lutetian, age cluster.

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Tsai, Cheng-Hsiu, R. Ewan Fordyce, Chun-Hsiang Chang, and Liang-Kong Lin. "Quaternary Fossil Gray Whales from Taiwan." Paleontological Research 18, no. 2 (2014): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/2014pr009.

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Dominici, Stefano, Silvia Danise, Simone Cau, and Alessandro Freschi. "The awkward record of fossil whales." Earth-Science Reviews 205 (June 2020): 103057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103057.

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6

Park, Travis, Alistair R. Evans, Stephen J. Gallagher, and Erich M. G. Fitzgerald. "Low-frequency hearing preceded the evolution of giant body size and filter feeding in baleen whales." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1848 (2017): 20162528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2528.

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Living baleen whales (mysticetes) produce and hear the lowest-frequency (infrasonic) sounds among mammals. There is currently debate over whether the ancestor of crown cetaceans (Neoceti) was able to detect low frequencies. However, the lack of information on the most archaic fossil mysticetes has prevented us from determining the earliest evolution of their extreme acoustic biology. Here, we report the first anatomical analyses and frequency range estimation of the inner ear in Oligocene (34–23 Ma) fossils of archaic toothed mysticetes from Australia and the USA. The cochlear anatomy of these small fossil mysticetes resembles basilosaurid archaeocetes, but is also similar to that of today's baleen whales, indicating that even the earliest mysticetes detected low-frequency sounds, and lacked ultrasonic hearing and echolocation. This suggests that, in contrast to recent research, the plesiomorphic hearing condition for Neoceti was low frequency, which was retained by toothed mysticetes, and the high-frequency hearing of odontocetes is derived. Therefore, the low-frequency hearing of baleen whales has remained relatively unchanged over the last approximately 34 Myr, being present before the evolution of other signature mysticete traits, including filter feeding, baleen and giant body size.

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7

York, Richard. "Why Petroleum Did Not Save the Whales." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311773921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117739217.

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Ironically, even though fossil fuels provided substitutes for the main uses of whale oil, the rise of fossil fuel use in the nineteenth century served to increase the intensity of whaling. The connections between fossil fuels and whaling are an example of the unanticipated consequences that frequently come with technological change. I draw on political-economic theory to explain why fossil fuels served to escalate rather than eliminate whaling. The case of whaling highlights the limited potential for technological developments to help overcome environmental problems without concurrent political, economic, and social change that supports conservation.

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8

Bianucci, Giovanni, Christian de Muizon, Mario Urbina, and Olivier Lambert. "Extensive Diversity and Disparity of the Early Miocene Platanistoids (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the Southeastern Pacific (Chilcatay Formation, Peru)." Life 10, no. 3 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10030027.

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Several aspects of the fascinating evolutionary history of toothed and baleen whales (Cetacea) are still to be clarified due to the fragmentation and discontinuity (in space and time) of the fossil record. Here we open a window on the past, describing a part of the extraordinary cetacean fossil assemblage deposited in a restricted interval of time (19–18 Ma) in the Chilcatay Formation (Peru). All the fossils here examined belong to the Platanistoidea clade as here redefined, a toothed whale group nowadays represented only by the Asian river dolphin Platanista gangetica. Two new genera and species, the hyper-longirostrine Ensidelphis riveroi and the squalodelphinid Furcacetus flexirostrum, are described together with new material referred to the squalodelphinid Notocetus vanbenedeni and fragmentary remains showing affinities with the platanistid Araeodelphis. Our cladistic analysis defines the new clade Platanidelphidi, sister-group to Allodelphinidae and including E. riveroi and the clade Squalodelphinidae + Platanistidae. The fossils here examined further confirm the high diversity and disparity of platanistoids during the early Miocene. Finally, morphofunctional considerations on the entire platanistoid assemblage of the Chilcatay Formation suggest a high trophic partitioning of this peculiar cetacean paleocommunity.

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Mccurry, Matthew R., Felix G. Marx, Alistair R. Evans, et al. "Brain size evolution in whales and dolphins: new data from fossil mysticetes." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 133, no. 4 (2021): 990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab054.

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Abstract Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) have some of the largest and most complex brains in the animal kingdom. When and why this trait evolved remains controversial, with proposed drivers ranging from echolocation to foraging complexity and high-level sociality. This uncertainty partially reflects a lack of data on extinct baleen whales (mysticetes), which has obscured deep-time patterns of brain size evolution in non-echolocating cetaceans. Building on new measurements from mysticete fossils, we show that the evolution of large brains preceded that of echolocation, and subsequently followed a complex trajectory involving several independent increases (e.g. in rorquals and oceanic dolphins) and decreases (e.g. in right whales and ‘river dolphins’). Echolocating whales show a greater tendency towards large brain size, thus reaffirming cognitive demands associated with sound processing as a plausible driver of cetacean encephalization. Nevertheless, our results suggest that other factors such as sociality were also important.

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Fordyce, R. Ewan, and Felix G. Marx. "The pygmy right whale Caperea marginata : the last of the cetotheres." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1753 (2013): 20122645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2645.

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The pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata , is the most enigmatic of the living baleen whales (Mysticeti). Its highly disparate morphology and the virtual absence of a described fossil record have made it extremely difficult to place Caperea into a broader evolutionary context, and molecular and morphological studies have frequently contradicted each other as to the origins and phylogenetic relationships of the species. Our study of a wealth of material from New Zealand collections, representing a wide range of ontogenetic stages, has identified several new features previously unreported in Caperea , which suggest that the pygmy right whale may be the last survivor of the supposedly extinct family Cetotheriidae. This hypothesis is corroborated by both morphology-based and total evidence cladistic analyses, including 166 morphological characters and 23 taxa, representing all the living and extinct families of toothless baleen whales. Our results allow us to formally refer Caperea to Cetotheriidae, thus resurrecting the latter from extinction and helping to clarify the origins of a long-problematic living species.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Whales, Fossil"

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Katz, Eric Paul. "Measurement of the Cross-Sectional Area of the Nasal Passages of Nine Species of Modern Odontoceti with Implications for Comparative Physiology and the Paleophysiology of the Dinosauria." PDXScholar, 1999. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2247.

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In search of evidence for or against the endothermic dinosaur hypothesis, a recent study by Ruben et al. (1996) revealed that endotherms tend to have larger nasal cross-sectional areas than ectotherms of the same mass. The reason offered for this observation was that larger nasal passages are needed to house the complex respiratory turbinates possessed by endotherms. Whales were excluded from the study on the grounds that they have no nasal turbinates. In the present study, the cross-sectional area of the nasal passages of nine species of Odontoceti were measured by the use of latex casts. The regression of log cross-sectional area vs. log mass yielded the same line for the whales of the current study as for the endotherms of the previous study. Alternative explanations for the large nasal cross-sectional area of endotherms are sought.

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Tsai, Cheng-Hsiu, and 蔡政修. "Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of gray whale-like fossils from Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60369495176201133690.

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碩士<br>東海大學<br>生命科學系<br>99<br>Two extraordinary partial posterior skulls dredged from sea bottom between Taiwan and Penghu Islands were recognized and presented in this study. According to the morphological characters, such as paired tuberosities on the supraoccipital, paroccipital processes pointed posteriorly, and lateral border of supraoccipital straight etc., these two fossil skulls could be assigned into eschrichtiids (gray whale) of Mysticeti. To confirm the phylogenetic relationships between these two newly-discovered fossil specimens and species of Mysticeti, four extant families (Balaenopteridae, Balaenidae, Neobalaenidae, and Eschrichtiidae) and three extinct families (Aetiocetidae, Eomysticetidae, and Cetotheriidae) are included in this study. Thirty-six characters from these two partial skulls are selected and the compiled data collecting from each species were performed with parsimony and Bayesian analyses which both reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships. This result showed that these two skulls are grouped with living gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) and one extinct species (Eschrichtioides gastaldii) which is a newly-established genus and species of Eschrichtiidae. From the phylogeographic perspective, these two specimens probably are closer to extant species, Eschrichtius robustus, rather extinct species, Eschrichtioides gastaldii, found around Mediterranean region only and therefore they were assigned to Eschrichtius sp. provisionally. Furthermore, this study also discussed the interrelationship among Mysticeti and the result supported the closer relationship of Eschrichtiidae and Cetotheriidae.

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Books on the topic "Whales, Fossil"

1

Uhen, Mark D. Form, function, and anatomy of Dorudon atrox (Mammalia, Cetacea): An archaeocete from the middle to late Eocene of Egypt. University of Michigan, 2004.

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2

Pilleri, Georg. The Cetacea of the western Paratethys (upper marine molasse of Baltringen). Brain Anatomy Institute, 1986.

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3

Lo, Che-hsi. Terrestrial mesonychia to aquatic cetacea: Transformation of the basicranium and evolution of hearing in whales. Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 1999.

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4

Beasts of Eden: Walking whales, dawn horses, and other enigmas of mammal evolution. University of California Press, 2005.

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5

Pilleri, Georg. The Oligo-Miocene Cetacea of the Italian waters with a bibliography of the fossil Cetacea of Italy, 1670-1986. Brain Anatomy Institute, 1986.

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Pilleri, Georg. The Oligo-Miocene Cetacea of the Italian waters with a bibliography of the fossil Cetacea of Italy, 1670-1986. Brain Anatomy Institute, 1986.

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7

Pilleri, Georg. The Miocene Cetacea of the Pietra Leccese with special reference to the Cosimo de Giorgi collection, Lecce. Brain Anatomy Institute, University of Berne, 1986.

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8

Luo, Zhexi. Terrestrial Mesonychia to aquatic Cetacea: Transformation of the basicranium and evolution of hearing in whales. Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 1999.

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9

Pilleri, Georg. The Cetacea of the Italian Pliocene: With a descriptive catalogue of the specimens in the Florence Museum of Paleontology. Brain Anatomy Institute, 1987.

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10

Nielson, Dan. Oregon coast fossil locations. 2nd ed. Studio B. Productions, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Whales, Fossil"

1

Sahni, Ashok, and Wighart v. Koenigswald. "The enamel structure of some fossil and recent whales from the Indian subcontinent." In Tooth Enamel Microstructure. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077930-10.

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2

Marx, Felix G., and Olivier Lambert. "Fossil record." In The Bowhead Whale. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818969-6.00002-9.

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3

Melville, Herman. "The Fossil Whale." In Moby Dick. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199535729.003.0107.

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From his mighty bulk the whale affords a most congenial theme whereon to enlarge, amplify, and generally expatiate. Would you, you could not compress him. By good rights he should only be treated of in imperial folio. Not to tell over again his furlongs...

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4

Bertling, Markus. "What's in a Name? Nomenclature, Systematics, Ichnotaxonomy." In Trace Fossils. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452949-7/50131-5.

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Barry, James P., and Stephen Widdicombe. "Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function." In Ocean Acidification. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199591091.003.0015.

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The biodiversity of the oceans, including the striking variation in life forms from microbes to whales and ranging from surface waters to hadal trenches, forms a dynamic biological framework enabling the flow of energy that shapes and sustains marine ecosystems. Society relies upon the biodiversity and function of marine systems for a wide range of services as basic as producing the seafood we consume or as essential as generating much of the oxygen we breathe. Perhaps most obvious is the global seafood harvest totalling over 100 Mt yr–1 (82 and 20 Mt in 2008 for capture and aquaculture, respectively; FAO 2009) from fishing effort that expands more broadly and deeper each year as fishery stocks are depleted (Pauly et al. 2003). Less apparent ecosystem services linked closely to biodiversity and ecosystem function are waste processing and improved water quality, elemental cycling, shoreline protection, recreational opportunities, and aesthetic or educational experiences (Cooley et al. 2009). There is growing concern that ocean acidification caused by fossil fuel emissions, in concert with the effects of other human activities, will cause significant changes in the biodiversity and function of marine ecosystems, with important consequences for resources and services that are important to society. Will the effects of ocean acidification on ecosystems be similar to those arising from other environmental perturbations observed during human or earth history? Although changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function due to ocean acidification have not yet been widely observed, their onset may be difficult to detect amidst the variability associated with other human and non-human factors, and the greatest impacts are expected to occur as acidification intensifies through this century. In theory, large and rapid environmental changes are expected to decrease the stability and productivity of ecosystems due to a reduction in biodiversity caused by the loss of sensitive species that play important roles in energy flow (i.e. food web function) or other processes (e.g. ecosystem engineers; Cardinale et al. 2006). In practice, however, most research concerning the biological effects of ocean acidification has focused on aspects of the performance and survival of individual species during short-term studies, assuming that a change in individual performance will influence ecosystem function.

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6

Huett, Jason B., Jason H. Sharp, and Kimberly C. Huett. "What’s all the FOSS?" In Free and Open Source Software for E-Learning. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-917-0.ch002.

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Philosophical, financial, practical, and pedagogical considerations have prompted educators to take a serious look at Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) as an alternative to proprietary software. To better understand the overall concept of FOSS, this article provides a brief history of FOSS as well as a summary of its definition, philosophy, and major areas of research, including strengths and limitations, diffusion in education and educational uses as well as a look at the opportunities, issues, and challenges associated with FOSS. In conclusion, the authors speculate how FOSS, along with advances in E-Learning and other emerging technologies, will positively shape our educational future.

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Collareta, Alberto, Franco Cigala Fulgosi, and Giovanni Bianucci. "A kogiid sperm whale from the lower Pliocene of the Northern Apennines (Italy)." In Fossilia - Reports in Palaeontology. Saverio Bartolini Lucenti, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32774/fosreppal.20.1810.031314.

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Kemp, T. S. "The Mesozoic mammals." In The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507604.003.0008.

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The expression ‘Mesozoic Mammals’ refers to more than simply the mammals of that particular period of time; it also stands for an extraordinary and quite mysterious concept. From the first appearance in rocks of Late Triassic times of the small, obviously highly active, large-brained animals thought of as mammals, through the following 145 million years of life on earth culminating in the great end-Cretaceous mass extinction that saw the end of the dinosaurs, these animals remained small. Although probably far from rare at the time, the great majority of species of Mesozoic mammals were of the size of shrews, rats, and mice. A tiny handful managed to evolve to the body size of foxes or beavers, but there were no representatives at all of mammals the size of the prominent mammals of today, the herbivorous horses, antelopes, and elephants, the lions and wolves that feed upon them, or the specialist apes, whales, and anteaters. Two points highlight just how odd this restriction in body size is. The first is that the Mesozoic mammals represent no less than two-thirds of mammalian evolution from their origin to the present, so there was plenty of time for evolution, and an extensive radiation did indeed occur producing a plethora of taxa. The second is that somewhere along the line, the potential for evolving large body size certainly existed because within, metaphorically speaking, moments of the end of the Mesozoic Era, middle-sized and soon thereafter large mammals had arisen and were flourishing. Since their very earliest recognition by Dean William Buckland (Buckland 1824) from the Middle Jurassic Stonesfield Slate of Oxfordshire, Mesozoic mammals have generated controversy (Desmond 1985). Transformationists like Robert Grant denied that they were mammals, because it disturbed their accepted temporal sequence of Mesozoic reptiles preceding the exclusively Tertiary mammals. On the other hand, establishment figures like Buckland himself and Sir Richard Owen welcomed this apparent refutation of transformationism and had no doubt that they were indeed opossum-like mammals. In the end, the true nature of these fossils was accepted, and by 1871, a good number of undoubtedly Mesozoic localities had yielded undoubtedly mammalian fossils.

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Revesz, Richard, and Jack Lienke. "A Warming World." In Struggling for Air. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233112.003.0009.

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In the preceding chapters, we’ve focused largely on what is often called “traditional pollution”: soot and smog and their precursors, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. But power plants are also the nation’s largest source of a very different sort of pollutant: carbon dioxide. Unlike traditional pollution, atmospheric CO2 does not pose a threat to public health through inhalation. As every schoolchild learns, humans exhale CO2 during normal respiration, and plants absorb it as part of the photosynthesis that fuels their growth. Carbon dioxide does, however, act as a “greenhouse gas.” Like the glass of a greenhouse, molecules of CO2 let sunlight pass through to warm the earth but then trap some of the heat that radiates back from the planet’s surface. Up to a point, this heat-trapping effect is beneficial; without it, the earth would be too cold to support life. But when humans burn fossil fuels, carbon that has been sequestered underground for millions of years is rapidly released in the form of CO2, and the natural carbon cycle is altered. As the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increases, the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, and the earth’s surface temperature rises. Over time, warming driven by ever-increasing industrial emissions of CO2 is expected to have serious, possibly devastating consequences for all corners of human society. (There are other greenhouse gases, like methane, but CO2 is by far the most common, accounting for more than 75 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and almost 85 percent of U.S. emissions.) And yet, when President Obama took office in 2009, almost forty years after the U.S. Congress passed a piece of legislation designed to eliminate all air pollution that posed a threat to public health and welfare, emissions of carbon dioxide were still entirely unregulated at the federal level. As the President observed in his first Earth Day address on April 22, 2009: “[W] e place limits on pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and other harmful emissions. But we haven’t placed any limits on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It’s what’s called the carbon loophole.”

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Conference papers on the topic "Whales, Fossil"

1

Powell, George W., and Cynthia Danielle Crane. "A WHALE OF A CHALLENGE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LARGE-SCALE FOSSIL DISPLAY AT THE AURORA FOSSIL MUSEUM." In 65th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016se-273953.

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Taylor, Larry D., and Seth Finnegan. "ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF FOSSIL CORONULID BARNACLES AS A MEANS OF UNDERSTANDING PREHISTORIC WHALE MIGRATION PATTERNS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302584.

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Gibson, Matthew, John Mnieckowski, and Jonathan Geisler. "CONTRIBUTIONS OF BILLY PALMER TO THE FOSSIL COLLECTIONS OF THE CHARLESTON MUSEUM INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES OF PROTOCETID WHALE FROM THE TUPELO FORMATION OF SOUTH CAROLINA." In 68th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019se-327754.

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