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Relevant bibliographies by topics / What Is addiction

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Academic literature on the topic 'What Is addiction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "What Is addiction"

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de Alarcón, Rubén, Javier de la Iglesia, Nerea Casado, and Angel Montejo. "Online Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don’t—A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010091.

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In the last few years, there has been a wave of articles related to behavioral addictions; some of them have a focus on online pornography addiction. However, despite all efforts, we are still unable to profile when engaging in this behavior becomes pathological. Common problems include: sample bias, the search for diagnostic instrumentals, opposing approximations to the matter, and the fact that this entity may be encompassed inside a greater pathology (i.e., sex addiction) that may present itself with very diverse symptomatology. Behavioral addictions form a largely unexplored field of study, and usually exhibit a problematic consumption model: loss of control, impairment, and risky use. Hypersexual disorder fits this model and may be composed of several sexual behaviors, like problematic use of online pornography (POPU). Online pornography use is on the rise, with a potential for addiction considering the “triple A” influence (accessibility, affordability, anonymity). This problematic use might have adverse effects in sexual development and sexual functioning, especially among the young population. We aim to gather existing knowledge on problematic online pornography use as a pathological entity. Here we try to summarize what we know about this entity and outline some areas worthy of further research.

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Anderson, Murray. "Book Review of “Addiction Counseling Today: Substance and Addictive Behaviors”." Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy 55, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47634/cjcp.v55i1.70863.

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The issue of addictions and treatment has been increasingly prioritized by policy-makers in recent years, yet the meaning of the concept remains ambiguous. Throughout the 22 chapters of his book Addiction Counseling Today, Kevin G. Alderson weaves together the most salient theories, research, and therapies from the field of addiction and from contemporary developments in policy and practice. The book examines what the tenets of recovery and treatment mean in terms of not only the professional involved in providing treatment but also what recovery looks like for each client. Chapters cover the influence of ethics in treatment, theories of addiction, the neurosciences, and the recognition of behavioural addictions, including the controversies attached to the use of particular labels. A notable strength involves the author’s inclusion of the lived experiences of those who have dealt with various addictions. This book will be essential reading for practitioners, researchers, policy-makers, and students in the fields of addiction, social care, psychology, and criminal justice.

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Ferrer-Pérez, Carmen, Sandra Montagud-Romero, and María Carmen Blanco-Gandía. "Neurobiological Theories of Addiction: A Comprehensive Review." Psychoactives 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3010003.

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It is essential to develop theories and models that enable us to understand addiction’s genesis and maintenance, providing a theoretical and empirical framework for designing more effective interventions. Numerous clinical and preclinical research studies have investigated the various brain and physiological mechanisms involved in addictive behavior. Some researchers have gone a step further, developing what we may refer to as “neurobiological theories of addiction”, which are scientific models that can explain and predict different addiction phenomena. Many of these neurobiological theories are not mutually exclusive but rather extensions and refinements of earlier theories. They all share a similar definition of addiction as a chronic disease characterized by a loss of control over substance consumption, with the brain being identified as the principal organ involved. Most propose a multifactorial causation in which both biological and environmental factors interact, accentuating or causing neurobiological dysfunction in structures and brain circuits involved in behavior and motivation. This review delves into primary neurobiological theories of addiction, commencing with the opponent-process theory—one of the earliest comprehensive explanations of the addictive process. Subsequently, we explore more contemporary formulations connecting behavioral alterations in the addictive process to changes and disruptions in various brain systems.

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Dumitrescu, Marius, Nicoleta Dumitrescu, and Serban Turliuc. "The Social Media Addiction: What Have We Learned So Far? – A Review." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 14, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/14.1/410.

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In the last 20 years, computer technology has developed rapidly, and internet-based social networks (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, WeChat, or Twitter) have proliferated even faster, becoming a very important part of people's lives. But in recent years, a dependence to these sites has emerged, called by many authors social media addiction. In the present study, we aim to analyze if there really is an addiction to social media networks, what are its demographic aspects, which are the health problems that occur in these addicted people, and how to intervene therapeutically in these cases. Currently, social media addiction is not recognized as a disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but is considered more of a behavioral addiction or a subtype of Internet addiction. If we look at this matter from an anthropological and philosophical point of view, such type of addiction can originate in what is related to the specificity of man in the contemporary world. Symptoms of excessive use of SM networks may include decreased ability to concentrate and decreased academic performance, insomnia, altered self-perception, decreased self-esteem, anxiety, depressed mood, and psycho-emotional lability. SM addiction prevention strategies should be implemented based on behavioral risk factors and demographic characteristics. The goal of treatment for this type of addiction, unlike other addictions, is not total abstinence, but rather controlled use of social networks, and relapse prevention should use strategies based on cognitive-behavioral therapies.

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Beresford, Thomas P. "What is addiction, what is alcoholism?" Liver Transplantation 13, S2 (2007): S55—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.21335.

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Fatseas, M. "ADHD and addictive disorders: What links?" European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.085.

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The links between ADHD and addictive disorders have been the subject of a large number of studies showing a high prevalence rate of ADHD in substance abusing populations as well as an increased risk of substance use disorder (SUD) in ADHD patients that may be independent of other psychiatric conditions. High prevalence of ADHD has also been highlighted among individuals suffering from other addictive disorders such as pathological gambling. Adequate diagnosis of ADHD in SUD patients is challenged by phenomenological aspects of addiction and by frequently associated other psychiatric disorders that overlap with key symptoms of ADHD. A detailed comprehensive search for child and adult symptoms including the temporal relationship of ADHD, substance use and other psychiatric disorders should maximize the validity and the reliability of adult ADHD diagnosis in this population. Further, a follow-up evaluation of ADHD symptoms during treatment of SUD may reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis. Finally, it should be noticed that when SUD occurs with ADHD, it is associated with a greater severity of SUD compared to other SUD patients. This has been shown with an earlier age at onset, antisocial behavior, risk for depression, chronicity of substance use, need for hospitalization and likelihood of a complicated course. Recent data suggest that the effects of ADHD on SUD outcomes are independent of other psychiatric comorbidities. This highlights the need of an earlier implementation of preventive interventions for substance use or behavioral addiction in children/adolescents with ADHD and the necessity to consider this disorder in the treatment of addictive disorders. Benefices and risk of MPH in adult patients with addiction and ADHD are discussed.

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Wiederhold, Brenda K. "What Predicts Facebook Addiction?" Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 20, no. 5 (May 2017): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.29073.bkw.

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Levine, Stephen B. "What is Sexual Addiction?" Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 36, no. 3 (April 30, 2010): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00926231003719681.

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Kalant, Harold. "Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?" International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.196.

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Kalant, H. (2015). Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 53-59. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.196The initial goal of neurobiological research on addiction was to identify the neural mechanisms involved in the mediation and expression of addictive behavior. More recently, however, it has attributed causal roles to these mechanisms, as illustrated by the definition of addiction as a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to a drug. This concept carries a number of implications that can be assessed experimentally and clinically. None of these implications is borne out by the currently available evidence. The interactions of neuronal systems involved in addiction are also involved in adaptation to experience and environmental change. Much of the neurobiological research to date has not differentiated between causes of addiction, neuronal mechanisms that are activated by them, and risk factors that contribute to individual vulnerability. It has largely ignored the important experiential and environmental influences known to affect the prevalence of addiction in different populations or different times, and it has so far directed much less attention to other forms of addiction-like behavior that do not involve drugs. These failures are not inherent in neurobiological research but require reorientation of objectives, including more emphasis on the study of mechanisms by which environment and experience, including drug experience, can determine whether genetic risk factors are expressed or remain dormant and can direct neuroadaptive mechanisms toward alternative outcomes.

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Morton, W. Alexander. "Chemical Dependence: A Look at What Does and Doesn't Work." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 9, no. 2 (April 1996): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009600900212.

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Pharmacists are often unprepared to become actively clinically involved with patients in chemical dependence treatment programs. This article discusses problems frequently encountered with these patients and provides potential solutions to detriments in addressing their needs. A practitioner needs to develop credibility with patients, understand the neurochemistry of addictions, and understand the main concepts that maintain addictive disorders. Non-drug alternatives need to be understood and offered to recovering patients instead of immediately relying on pharmacological treatments. Issues regarding dual diagnoses, pain management, nicotine cessation, and concurrent medical problems are discussed. Essential treatment concerns, such as a practitioner's "philosophy of treat ment," concept of 12-step groups, the natural course of addiction, and recognizing impaired health professionals are addressed. The author offers suggestions for becoming successfully involved in a chemical dependency treatment program. Copyright © 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "What Is addiction"

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Collie, Christin N., and Meredith K. Ginley. "What Are You Really Asking? Readability of Video Game Addiction Measures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8898.

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Pereira, João G. "What works in mentalization-based treatment : systematic case studies in personality disorder and addiction." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2014. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13513/.

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A review of the literature in personality disorders leaves no doubt that more research is needed for the understanding and management of this clinical condition. The frequent misuse of drugs and alcohol within this population adds an extra complication for the treatment of these individuals who are often neglected or mistreated by the health care system. The creation of specialist personality disorder teams following the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) report in 2003 gave new hope for both patients and professionals working in this area. Mentalization Based Treatment (MBT) is one of the promising psychological interventions for personality disorders, and there is evidence that it works for Borderline Personality Disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate if MBT is effective in patients with various concomitant personality disorder types and with co-morbid addiction problems. Since most research has focused on whether MBT works, it seemed important to also find out ‘what’ is it that works in MBT i.e. what are the helpful therapy processes or ‘ingredients’ of change. A research based MBT program was established in an outpatient setting, with six patients considered to be suitable; they engaged in twice weekly group psychotherapy, periodic clinical reviews with the consultant psychiatrist in psychotherapy and additional support from a psychosocial nurse, all within a mentalizing framework. Close links with the Community Mental Health Team and the Community Drug and Alcohol Service were maintained. An adjudicated form of the Hermeneutic Single Case Efficacy Design method (HSCED) was used, aiming to gain deep, contextual, knowledge into a small number of cases undergoing treatment. A rich case record was obtained for each case, including quantitative and qualitative data. Following the collection of data two researchers have engaged in a reflexive process, trying to gather affirmative and sceptic evidence regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of treatment. Nine ‘judges’ were then invited to give their expert opinion on each case resembling a legalistic trial. The judges rated their conclusions on a scale from 0% (no change) to 100% (changed completely), indicating that after one year of treatment the patients have made considerable (60%) positive changes and that these changes can be attributed to the therapy programme to a substantial (80%) degree. A number of treatment ‘ingredients’ have been discovered but these appear to be common factors in many psychotherapeutic approaches rather than specific to MBT. The HSCED method was considered to be an appropriate choice, showing that it can be of value in cases of severe disturbance within complex treatment programs. Nonetheless, some adaptations are recommended.

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Lefler, Joshua D. "Pornography and the church an exploratory study of the impact of Internet pornography use and what churches are doing to minister to those who view sexually explicit material on the Internet /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p088-0166.

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Ginley, Meredith K., Rory A. Pfund, and Christin N. Collie. "Gambling and Video Games: What Do We Know? Should We Worry?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8902.

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In the United States, at least 65% of adults have gambled and/or played a video game in the past year. An emerging form of entertainment combines gambling and video game play and has led to an approximately $30 billion per year industry. Despite an explosion in growth, this form of potentially high-risk behavior has received little research attention. This paper will present a systematic review of the available peer-reviewed and grey literature related to gambling on video games. Our review identifies three major methods of combining gambling and video games. First is betting directly on the outcomes of eSports, either with money or via skin gambling. Second is gambling within video games where players purchase a chance to win a valued prize or consumable virtual item (e.g., loot box, prize crate, gacha). Prizes change the within game experience, from superficial items that change an in-game character’s appearance to items that substantially improve a player’s chance of winning. Further, if desired, these items can be sold for actual money in secondary marketplaces. Third, there are gamified casino games with the sequential, skill-based feel of video games and real money at stake. Implications: This paper is the first comprehensive review of this nascent literature. Results will provide clinicians with important insights into the language and behaviors of clients who gamble on video games. Further, findings may have future policy implications as some gambling on video games is potentially accessible to underage gamblers.

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Cogliati, Dezza Irene. "“Vanilla, Vanilla .but what about Pistachio?” A Computational Cognitive Clinical Neuroscience Approach to the Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/278730/3/Document1.pdf.

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On the 24th November of 1859, Charles Darwin published the first edition of The Origin of Species. One hundred fifty-nine years later, our understanding of human and animal adaptation to the surrounding environment remains a major scientific challenge. How do humans and animals generate apt decision strategies in order to achieve this adaptation? How does their brain efficiently carry out complex computations in order to produce such adaptive behaviors? Although an exhaustive answer to these questions continues to feel out of reach, the investigation of adaptive processing results relevant in understanding mind/brain relationship and in elucidating scenarios where mind/brain interactions are corrupted such as in psychiatric disorders. Additionally, understanding how the brain efficiently scales problems when producing complex and adaptive behaviors can inspire and contribute to resolve Artificial Intelligence (AI) problems (e.g. scaling problems, generalization etc.) and consequently to the develop intelligent machines. During my PhD, I investigated adaptive behaviors at behavioral, cognitive, and neural level. I strongly believe that, as Marr already pointed out, in order to understand how our brain-machine works we need to investigate the phenomenon from 3 different levels: behavioral, algorithm and neural implementation. For this reason, throughout my doctoral work I took advantages of computational modeling methods together with cognitive neuroscience techniques in order to investigate the underlying mechanisms of adaptive behaviors.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Morelli, Sophia. "Substance Abuse Among the Elderly: What Works in Treatment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/167.

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Social workers are trained during the course of their education to work with the elderly and to understand the various dynamics of aging. These professionals also receive education on substance abuse and how to assess clients as well as link them to appropriate supportive services. How can social workers be more inclined to effectively treat the elderly substance abuser? What are, if any, special considerations a social worker should be aware of when working with the geriatric population? What treatment modalities seem to be more effective with the elderly client? This study utilized a qualitative analysis consisting of interviews with eight clinicians who specialize in the area of addiction treatment amongst the aging population. The purpose of this study was to gain insight and knowledge that can be used to promote social worker awareness of elderly substance abuse as well as the identification of effective addiction treatment methods in the field of gerontological social work. The findings of this study will impact future social work practice, policy and research in the areas of education, treatment, and advocacy for the aging and substance abuse populations. Keywords: gerontology, substance abuse, aging, polypharmacy, interventions

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Patra, Jayadeep. "Barriers to retention in the Toronto Drug Treatment Court program : what provides the impetus to succeed or to fail? /." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=510569&T=F.

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Books on the topic "What Is addiction"

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Mercedes, Munoz, ed. What causes addiction? Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2005.

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1962-, Ross Don, ed. What is addiction? Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010.

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Fleming, John C. Preventing addiction: What parents must know to immunize their kids against drug and alcohol addiction. Garland, TX: CrossHouse Pub., 2007.

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Moyers, William Cope. Now what?: An insider's guide to addiction and recovery. Center City, Minn: Hazelden, 2012.

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Hanson, Dirk. The chemical carousel: What science tells us about beating addiction. United States: Booksurge Publishing, 2008.

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Kelly, Virginia A. Addiction in the family: What every counselor needs to know. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association, 2015.

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Malaysia. Anti Narcotics Task Force., ed. Dadah (illicit drugs): What you need to know. Kuala Lumpur: Delmu (Malaysia), 1992.

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Gene, Duplessis, ed. What works!: Innovation in community mental health and addiction treatment programs. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 1993.

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R, Gerstein Dean, Green Lawrence W, and National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Drug Abuse Prevention Research., eds. Preventing drug abuse: What do we know? Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1993.

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Whiteman, Tom. Love gone wrong: What to do when you are attracted to the wrong person over and over. Nashville: T. Nelson, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "What Is addiction"

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Russo, Kate. "The Push: What Motivates Eclipse Chasers?" In Total Addiction, 139–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30481-1_14.

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Carter, Adrian, and Wayne D. Hall. "What Is Addiction Neuroethics?" In Handbook of Neuroethics, 995–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4707-4_67.

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Heinz, Andreas, and Anne Beck. "What Is an Addiction?" In Gambling Disorder, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03060-5_1.

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Bates-Maves, Julie. "The When and What of Loss." In Grief and Addiction, 41–52. New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429468001-4.

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Webb, Jon R. "Theory: What is Forgiveness?" In Understanding Forgiveness and Addiction, 58–76. New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429200274-77.

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Kuss, Daria J., and Mark D. Griffiths. "Internet Addiction: What Is It?" In Internet Addiction in Psychotherapy, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137465078_1.

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White, William L., and John F. Kelly. "Recovery Management: What If We Really Believed That Addiction Was a Chronic Disorder?" In Addiction Recovery Management, 67–84. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-960-4_5.

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Blanca, Deborah. "COVID-19 and What Was Not Grieved in the Woman Addicted to Gambling." In Behavioural Addiction in Women, 55–59. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003203476-9.

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Rosner, Richard. "The Scourge of Addiction: What the Adolescent Psychiatrist Needs to Know." In Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction, 1–8. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118340851.ch1.

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Katz, Allan J. "What to Do When a Crisis Occurs?" In Navigating the Phases of Sex Addiction Recovery, 105–10. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003453185-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "What Is addiction"

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Bisch, Michaël, Carole Boyer, and Georges Brousse. "826 EP007 – What clinicians need to know about addiction prevention for athletes : example of an addiction prevention program developed in France." In 7th IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport, Monaco, 29 February–2 March 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-ioc.134.

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"ADDICTION EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH IN POLAND: WHAT HAS BEEN DONE, WHAT STILL NEEDS TO BE DONE AND WHERE ARE THE OBSTACLES?" In 8th World Congress of the World Association of Dual Disorders (WADD) and the 26th Congress of the Spanish Society of Dual Disorders SEPD. SEPD/WADD, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbookdualdisorders-p-022.

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Coica, Iulia. "Russia and the European Union: between energy dependency and independence." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359023.16.

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This work analyzes the EU energy policy since the outbreak of war in Ukraine. The aim of the project is to determine what other alternatives of energy supply for EU ′s reserves are. The ECO energy resources were find as a solution of optimization EU addiction on Russian natural gas. The objective which should be achieved are: not so much independence as energy sovereignty: security of supply must be guaranteed, while leaving Europe in full control of its choices, particularly with regard to foreign policy.

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Tuncay, Nazime, and Ayse Bulut. "STAY AWAY-STAY AWAKE: A RESEARCH STUDY WITH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-052.

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Social media is an unavoidable part of our academic and social life. If we can not control over usage of it, it can be harmful to our e-learning life. There are various reasons for students' choosing social life whereas some may have good, some have bad results on their real life. Sometimes students' stay awake all night for playing social media games or they get overinvolved in the social media life that they forget their real life responsibilities. Is social media an escape from real life? Is it really the reason of our students' staying awake? What are the possible causes of sleeping problems that our students are facing these days? This research study is delivered in G?zelyurt, Cyprus to 500 Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University students for the purpose of finding students' reasons of sleeping problems and finding the effect of Social Media on it. The study consist of all the students in the Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, so it is an unique study in this meaning. . This study includes IBM SPSS 25 statistical results and the t-tests, Anova tests suggest that there is a significant difference between Sleep and Social Media Addiction. Crosstabs, between departments suggest that Social media is really making some students "Awake" and making others "Away" from real life. Whether Governmental control and restrictions on the social media and internet usage during night will provide a solution or not is discussed with the students and the feasibility of their suggestions for preventing Social Media Addiction is discussed in this paper by the authors.

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Silva, Carolina de Oliveira, and Diva Rosa Carlos. "Chemical dependency: Unstable dynamite and group dynamics as an intervention mechanism." In IV Seven International Congress of Health. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeivsevenhealth-013.

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This work aims to investigate the impacts and reflexes caused by the use of psychoactive substances on the inmates of a Recovery Center. The initial aim is to highlight the effects and scope of drugs in the lives of users, as well as the importance of group dynamics as an intervention tool in the process of permanence, rehabilitation and social reintegration of inmates. To this end, this study was carried out in two phases: expository bibliographical research and field research. The first used articles indexed in the SciELO, PePSIC and GOOGLE PESQUISA databases, as well as Lewin Kurt's theoretical notes and David Cohen's (2014) theoretical postulates on Freud's research into cocaine and the reference work by Eliane Regina Pereira and Bader Burihan Sawaia (2020) on Group Practices: Space for Dialogue and Power. The second instrument for data collection was the systematic and descriptive observation of what was said by inmates at a user coexistence center, exclusively for people with drug addiction and homeless people.

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Doroș, Diana. "The concept of child pornography. Regulatory instruments." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359030.07.

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Child pornography is a form of sexual exploitation minors, a phenomenon that degrades and exploits children, undermines the family and distorts social relations. This phenomenon has always created addiction and pathology sexual. What began with a simple curiosity, satisfied by viewing nudity scenes, continues with sexual perversions and in some cases ends with committing sexual offenses against children. Offenders who commit acts of child pornography through computer systems acting either under the impulse of sexual preferences, aimed at minors, or for the purpose of obtaining materials from the sale of materials child pornography for either reason. The emergence of this phenomenon has generated, quite justifiably, a strong concern at the international level, in order to discourage and sanction, especially the production and spread these materials. The political pressure that has developed in recent years on this. The issue has gradually led to the substantiation of some principles of action, as well as some legal norms with extraterritorial applicability, likely to fix, as precisely as possible, the facts submitted criminal sanctions and to facilitate international cooperation aimed at combating the phenomenon child pornography.

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Mead, Phillip G. "The Problematic Nature Between Architectural Pleasure and Well-Being." In 109th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.109.46.

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This paper focuses on the problematic relationship between architectural pleasure and well-being or happiness. It attempts to update the ancient philosophical debate on the conflict between the pleasures promoted by hedonism, and the pleasures and virtues of well-being promoted by eudemonia in terms of architectural design through the lens of today’s positive psychology movement. This emerg¬ing field has identified, to a limited extent, when pleasure and well-being can conflict resulting in addiction, while at other times pleasure serves as a pump to the higher echelons of well-being, or what Aristotle calls eudaimonia. This paper attempts to identify the same for architecture. Since Vitruvius, architects have written on our preferences which appear to bring pleasure – some with empirical evidence. By taking stock of architectural writings and program elements that aim to deliver pleasure, this paper asks which of these resonate with philosophical and positive psychology findings on higher pleasures. Particularly relevant are the findings of psychologist Barbra Fredrickson’s broaden and build theory of positive emotions which sheds light on how design delight may lead to positive psychology’s promotion of higher forms of well-being such as: engagement, relationships or sense of community, meaning and achievement. The programming and design of Helsinki’s new central library by ALA Architects illustrates virtuous pleasures that serve a higher purpose in a country and city that ranks first in Gallup’s 2019 and 2020 World Happiness Reports.

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Fulantelli, Giovanni, Lidia Scifo, and Davide Taibi. "THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT TO EXPLORE THE STUDENT-SOCIAL MEDIA INTERACTION." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-019.

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According to the Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development ([1][2][3][4][5]), the development of each individual cannot be observed without considering its relationship with the development of other people and, above all, with the environment in which they live. The ecological orientation of Bronfenbrenner with respect to human development is therefore based on the interest in the progressive adaptation between an active organism that grows and its immediate environment: the individual-environment interaction that is determined by the relationships existing between the different environmental situations and the individuals present in that context is fundamental. Consequently, the ecological environment that is considered relevant to development processes is not limited to a single environmental situation but includes the interconnections between multiple environmental situations and the different influences of each individual. The evolution of the Internet-based technologies has brought to the development of solutions that have profoundly changed the way we live, including education. The advent of social media and social networks represents a milestone in the history of Internet, opening up to profound reflections on the "virtualization" of relationships, their growing importance in everyday life, and their role in education. Many authors argue that the Internet and the social media should no longer be considered as a tool to connect to a virtual reality that is separate from the real world, but as a place in which users live daily ([6][9][11][10]); consequently, they constitute one of the environmental situations mentioned by Bronfenbrenner. However, the risks deriving from the use of social media have been widely discusses in the literature ([7][8][12]). Adolescents are more exposed to the social media threats, since they are unable to perceive the profoundly different dynamics that govern offline and online networks. In this paper, having in mind the Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development, we argue that the progressive adaptation of students to social media should be considered as a process of their growth and development. Furthermore, we analyze some corrections to be introduced in the educational paths of adolescents necessary to reduce the threats deriving from the use of social media and social networks in education. Reference Text and Citations [1] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1961). Toward a theoretical model for the analysis of parent-child relationships in a social context. In J. C. Glidewell (Ed.), Parental attitudes and child behavior (pp. 90-109). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. [2] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1973). Social ecology of human development. In F. Richardson (Ed.), Brain and intelligence: The ecology of child development (pp. 113-129). Hyattsville, MD: National Education Press. [3] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1974). Developmental research, public policy, and the ecology of childhood. Child Development, 45, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127743 [4] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In T. Husen & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 1643-1647). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press and Elsevier Science. [5] Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 793-828). New York, NY: Wiley. [6] Carr, N. (2011). The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. [7] Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., G?rzig, A., & ?lafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Full Findings. London: EU Kids Online, LSE. [Google Scholar] [8] Martin, F., Wang, C., Petty, T., Wang, W., & Wilkins, P. (2018). Middle school students' social media use. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 213-224. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26273881 [9] Musetti, A., Cattivelli, R., Giacobbi, M., Zuglian, P., Ceccarini, M., Capelli, F., et al. (2016). Challenges in internet addiction disorder: is a diagnosis feasible or not? Frontiers in Psychology, 7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00842 [10] Musetti, A., Cattivelli, R., Zuglian, P., Terrone, G., Pozzoli, S., Capelli, F., et al. (2017). Internet addiction disorder o internet related psychopathology? [Internet Addiction disorder or Internet Related Psychopathology?]. Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 44, 359-382. doi: 10.1421/87345 [11] Taymur, I., Budak, E., Demirci, H., Akdag, H.A., Gungor, B.B., & Ozdel, K. (2016). A study of the relationship between internet addiction, psychopathology and dysfunctional beliefs. Computers in Human Behavior,61, 532-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.043 [12] Willoughby, M. (2018). A review of the risks associated with children and young people's social media use and the implications for social work practice. Journal of Social Work Practice,33(2), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2018.1460587

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Bratosin, Ioan alexandru, Ionelbujorel Pavaloiu, Andrei Vasilateanu, Nicolae Goga, Diana Gavajuc, and George Dragoi. "VIRTUAL REALITY THERAPY FOR PAIN." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-193.

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Pain is the unpleasant condition raised as a normal response of the body to injury and illness. In the case of Chronic Pain Syndrome, this can ailment can continue even after the cause that provoked it has disappeared. The classical painkiller medicines (like paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids) are used as therapy, but they raise problems of overdose, adverse side-effects and addiction. Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) is showing promise as a possible drug-free substitute for pain management. The VRT lets patients to navigate through Virtual Reality environments and to execute operations which are often personalized to specific medical conditions. It offers a multisensory experience that captures the subject attention on an innate level and attenuates the discomfort. Besides the lack of painkiller medicine drawbacks, it is well received by the young patients, which usually have supplementary restrictions to the pharmacological agents. We present in the paper the state of the art in the domain and the results we obtained with the two VRT applications we developed in Unity. The first one, Snow Land, was targeted primarily to patients with burn wounds. The action takes place into a cold environment inhabited by penguins and polar foxes and some of the regular activities are walking, throwing fish and snowballing. In the second one, Angling in Virtual Reality, we are trying a more general approach, with a larger scope, represented by the typical relaxation activity of fishing. The degree of immersion is higher, by using better graphics, sounds and the Leap Motion controller. These approaches permit us to understand what type of interactions, environments, mechanics and sound ambience are more beneficial for providing the patient an efficient pain relief effect and to select the direction we intend to continue our efforts.

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Domingues, Felipe, Salvatore Zingale, and Dijon De Moraes. "The pragmaticism as a route to designing: Understanding the inferential logics of sense attribution." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3214.

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The objective of this paper is to discuss the inferential logics of sense attribution to everyday objects. The arguments presented take part of a broader investigation that aims at evolving a full methodological research framework. Such framework intends to explore the possibility of development of a method of systematic analysis of the relationship established between users and objects in their context of use and specific circumstances.The starting point of the discussion is the pragmatistic maxim: “Consider what effects, that might conceivably have practical bearing, we conceive the object of our conception to have. Then, our conception of these effects is the whole of our conception of the object” (Peirce, CP 4.402). Both terms, effects and practical bearing, associated with the concept of sense, were of great importance to support the evolvement of the theoretical discourse developed in the paper. In addiction, the concept of sense adopted is also rooted in Peirce’s essays: “Our idea of anything is our idea of its sensible effects” (Peirce, CP 5.401). According to Peirce, the senses of any sign (e.g., objects) are associated with all possible effects and the practical consequences that they produce or could produce (Zingale & Domingues, 2015). Thus, considering that signs can be also understood as processes of mental mediation, the practical bearings urged by sensible effects are direct linked to inferential logic mechanisms (induction, deduction, abduction) in the processes of sense attribution. Then, how to analyze intangible aspects such interpretative answers and practical consequences in the context of use and specific circumstances?The statements contained in the paper may contribute to the fields of design (practical) and semiotics and design (theoretical) in terms of providing a theoretical model. Such model intends to increase the scientific understanding of the logical mediation processes involved in artifacts fruition, which is believed to have effects on the practical processes of analysis and development of goods; and may also add knowledge to the discussions and contributions postulated by Deni (2015) and Boztepe (2007).Concluding, this contribution may bring into the field of design discussions on the comprehension of the relationship between users and their goods, introducing a purpose of a framing method of the logic of the pragmatistic dimension of artifacts. In further stages of the so-called broader investigation, the evolvement of such method aims at aiding the analyses and introduction of symbolic features into artifacts in the very early stages of design.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3214

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Reports on the topic "What Is addiction"

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Corscadden, Louise, and Arpaporn Sutipatanasomboon. What Is Operant Behavior And How To Study It. Maze Engineers, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/me2022127.

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Operant behavior describes a type of voluntary goal-directed actions in animals based on the repercussions of previous occurrences. It develops when animals learn to specifically respond to recurring situations based on the outcome of their past experience. American psychologist B.F. Skinner was the first to use operant to describe the behaviors he observed in his landmark experiments in laboratory animals. Operant behavior and conditioning refine the nuance between conscious and unconscious behavioral responses, which influence psychology, and applied behavior analysis, and improve our understanding of addiction, substance dependence, child development, and decision-making.

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O’Reily, Keelin, and Claire Wilkinson. Involuntary treatment for alcohol and other drugs: An Evidence Check rapid review. The Sax Institute, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/accg7897.

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Involuntary alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment is a legal process in which an individual is mandated to receive treatment for substance dependence or addiction against their will. The potential benefits in these circumstances must be assessed against the removal of liberty and possible risks for already vulnerable people. This Evidence Check aimed to understand whether committing individuals to such programs produces positive outcomes, and whether they are comparable to what may have occurred through voluntary treatment. The authors identified 13 publications that met the eligibility criteria and included them in the review. Evidence quality was moderate (cohort-III-2) or low (case series IV). Involuntary AOD treatment was associated with beneficial outcomes in the form of reduced AOD use and reduced health service use. No studies measuring outcomes of involuntary treatment for adolescents / those under 18 years of age were found. In studies that compared voluntary and involuntary treatment of patients with AOD dependence, those voluntarily treated had equivalent or slightly better outcomes. The available evidence was insufficient to determine what program elements may have been associated with positive outcomes.

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