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1
Mahajan, Gulshan, Navneet Kaur Mutti, Michael Walsh, and Bhagirath S. Chauhan. "Effect of varied soil moisture regimes on the growth and reproduction of two Australian biotypes of junglerice (Echinochloa colona)." Weed Science 67, no. 05 (July 12, 2019): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.32.
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AbstractJunglerice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] is a problematic weed in the northern grain region of Australia. Two pot experiments (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2) were conducted in a screen house to evaluate the growth and reproductive behavior of two biotypes (A, collected from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–fallow; B, collected from a fence near a water channel) of E. colona in response to water stress (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% water holding capacity [WHC]). Averaged across both biotypes, the plant height, biomass, and seed production of E. colona were reduced at 25% WHC compared with 100% WHC. However, E. colona still produced a considerable amount of seeds at 25% WHC (at least 365 seeds plant−1). Biotype A produced more seeds in the second experiment, while biotype B produced more seeds in the first experiment. In Experiment 2, at 100% WHC, biotype A produced more seeds (17,618 seeds plant−1) than biotype B (4,378 seeds plant−1), and similar observations were noticed for root biomass. Growth and seed production of E. colona at all moisture levels and environmental conditions ensure survival in an unpredictable environment and contribute to the weedy nature of this species. Results indicate that biotype A is more invasive than biotype B under favorable environmental conditions (100% WHC). This study suggests an enhanced competitive ability of some biotypes of E. colona in response to a range of environmental and soil moisture conditions in Australia. Under favorable environmental conditions, biotype A could be more problematic, as it has higher seed production than biotype B. Therefore, it is important to implement sustainable weed control methods for such biotypes in the early stages of crop growth to prevent loss of stored moisture.
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Spatt, Leandro L., Sidinei J. Lopes, Sylvio H. B. Dornelles, Luciane A. Tabaldi, Vinicius S. Trivisiol, and Mariane Peripolli. "Interaction between nitrogen, soil water condition and herbicides in Urochloa plantaginea control in irrigated rice crop." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 2 (February 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n2p101-108.
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ABSTRACT The present study sought to verify the existence of interactions between the soil water conditions, nitrogen and herbicides commonly used to control alexandergrass in irrigated rice crop. The experimental design was completely randomized, arranged in a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two soil water conditions (5 cm water depth and 100% soil water holding capacity [WHC]), three nitrogen doses (0, 80 and 160 kg of N ha-1) and four doses of herbicides (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 times the registration dose). The herbicides evaluated were cyhalofop-butyl, imazapyr + imazapic and imazethapyr. The treatments were repeated four times. Phytotoxicity and dry mass were evaluated 28 days after application. For cyhalofop-butyl and imazapyr + imazapic, the phytotoxicity at 100% WHC and 5 cm water depth conditions was higher in treatments with nitrogen fertilization. However, for imazethapyr under the 100% WHC condition of soil increased phytotoxicity in the absence of nitrogen fertilization. For the flooded condition, from the dose of 35 g of a.i. ha-1, the result in the control for the herbicide imazethapyr was optimized under the conditions of fertilization with 80 and 160 kg of N ha-1. Cyhalofop-butyl and imazapyr + imazapic undergo synergistic interaction with nitrogen fertilization and water status in the control efficiency, yet with imazethapyr, the synergistic interaction only occurs under 100% of soil WHC.
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Spatt, Leandro L., Sidinei J. Lopes, Sylvio H. B. Dornelles, Luciane A. Tabaldi, Vinicius S. Trivisiol, and Mariane Peripolli. "Interaction between nitrogen, soil water condition and herbicides in Urochloa plantaginea control in irrigated rice crop." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 2 (February 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n2p101-108.
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ABSTRACT The present study sought to verify the existence of interactions between the soil water conditions, nitrogen and herbicides commonly used to control alexandergrass in irrigated rice crop. The experimental design was completely randomized, arranged in a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two soil water conditions (5 cm water depth and 100% soil water holding capacity [WHC]), three nitrogen doses (0, 80 and 160 kg of N ha-1) and four doses of herbicides (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 times the registration dose). The herbicides evaluated were cyhalofop-butyl, imazapyr + imazapic and imazethapyr. The treatments were repeated four times. Phytotoxicity and dry mass were evaluated 28 days after application. For cyhalofop-butyl and imazapyr + imazapic, the phytotoxicity at 100% WHC and 5 cm water depth conditions was higher in treatments with nitrogen fertilization. However, for imazethapyr under the 100% WHC condition of soil increased phytotoxicity in the absence of nitrogen fertilization. For the flooded condition, from the dose of 35 g of a.i. ha-1, the result in the control for the herbicide imazethapyr was optimized under the conditions of fertilization with 80 and 160 kg of N ha-1. Cyhalofop-butyl and imazapyr + imazapic undergo synergistic interaction with nitrogen fertilization and water status in the control efficiency, yet with imazethapyr, the synergistic interaction only occurs under 100% of soil WHC.
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Lindriati, Triana, Yhulia Praptiningsih, and Dwi Fatma Wijayanti. "Physical Characteristics of Edible Film Gel Made under Various pH and Ratio of Casein and Tapioca." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 15, no. 1 (July 26, 2014): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v15i1.614.
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Gelation from casein and tapioca take place in the edible film making. An interaction of carbohydrate and protein in the formation of gel could be affect on the physical properties of edible film gel. An appropriate ratio of casein-tapioca and pH was expected to produce physical characteristics of edible film gel. The aims of this research were to know the influence of casein- tapioca ratio, pH and the interaction of casein-tapioca ratio and pH to produce edible film gel. The research was conducted by randomized completely block design with two factors. The first factor was casein-tapioca ratio (0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 60:40; 80:20; 100:0) and the second factor was pH (4; 7; 9). The parameter of observation were colour (lightness and chroma), moisture content, WHC, precipitation and viscosity of edible film gel. The data analysis uses minitab V.1.6 carried on Tukey test. The result shows that casein-tapioca ratio influenced on colour (lightness and chroma), moisture content, WHC, precipitation and viscosity of edible film gel. The treatment of pH influenced on colour (lightness and chroma), moisture content, WHC and precipitation of edible film gel. An interaction between the ratio of casein-tapioca and pH influenced on colour (lightness and chroma), moisture content, WHC and precipitation of edible film gel. Keywords: Edible film gel, interaction of carbohydrate-protein, physical characteristics
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Fitria, Lulu Mari, and Septiana Fathurrohmah. "DROUGHT HAZARD CHARACTERISTIC USING SOIL MOISTURE DEFICIT INDEX MODELLING." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 5, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.5.1.91-100.
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Drought happen when the rainfall decreases in the extreme condition for long period of time (above normal). Drought hazard mapping can be analyzed by various approaches, like environmental approach, ecological approach, hydrological approach, meteorological approach, geological approach, agricultural approach, and many other. Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (in Indonesia a.k.a BMKG) measures the drought hazard by utilizing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)The comparison of rainfall rate through SPI has positive correlation with drought type, for example SPI 3 indicates agricultural drought; while SPI 6, SPI 9 and SPI 12 indicate hydrological drought. The analysis of drought hazard level also can be done using soil moisture level measurement. Soil moisture is the result of water shortages in the hydroclimatological concept. Soil moisture analysis utilizes several influenced variables, such as soil water, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and percolation. Each of variables was analyzed using GIS as a method of soil moisture modeling. Drought index level analysis is using soil moisture deficit index, which indicates that drought occurs if the index score less than (-0.5). Some assumptions used in this modeling are both SMDI modeling using WHC (Water Holding Capacity) and without using WHC. This modeling used medium term analysis during 2007-2012 to prove the occurrence of extreme drought on 2009 and 2012 for measurement of drought level in agriculture area. Based on SMDI, it is known that the dangers of SMDI drought have positive correlation to SPI 3, SPI 6, SPI 9, and SPI 12, where SPI is in accordance with the interpretation of meteorolgy, agriculture, and hydrological drought indices.
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Rashedi Ismail-Fitry, Mohammad, and Nur Farihah Azwa Abas. "Potential Use of Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) and Breadfruit (Artocarpus Altilis) as Fat Replacer to Produce Low-Fat Chicken Patties." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27659.
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Commercial chicken patties contain high fat, which could affect consumers’ health. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) may have the potential to be used as the fat replacer in the chicken patties. This study aimed to evaluate the low-fat chicken patties produced by replacing the fat with jackfruit (JF) or breadfruit (BF) at 0% (control), 50% and 100%. The samples were analysed in terms of water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield (CY), proximate analysis, colour, texture properties, and sensory parameters. Both BF and JF showed higher value (p<0.05) for WHC, moisture content and protein compared to the control. BF (100%) and JF (100%) were recorded of having significantly reduced fat (p<0.05) at 1.80% and 2.23%, respectively. BF showed higher L*(lightness) and b*(yellowness) values significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control. Not many significant differences (p>0.05) between the control and newly formulated chicken patties texture based on the hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness recorded, proving that BF and JF did not affect the patties texture. Overall, the sensory evaluation of BF (100%) was preferred by the consumer in terms of appearance, texture, flavour, juiciness, and aroma. Thus, BF (100%) can be considered as the best fat replacer in this study.
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Rindengan, Elvie Rifke, Marline Abdassah, and Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa. "Isolation And Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Mucilago Gedi Leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik)." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v5i3.16744.
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The aim of this research was to isolation of mucilage from gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) and characterized physicochemical properties. The isolation result was yellowish brown powder that swelling and dissolves slowly in water, but does not dissolve in ethanol, methanol, acetone and ether. The yield is 1.33%. Swelling index value 100% and viscosity 28 ± 2.65 mpas, pH 7.1. Proximate analysis showed 10.46% water content, 38.80% ash, 14.66% protein, 0.69% fat, 35.38% carbohydrate Water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) of musilago are respectively 4.23 ± 0.18 and 0.65 ± 0.14. Viscosity, Swelling index, WHC and OHC mucilage gedi leaf may be considered as pharmaceutical excipients.Keywords: Mucilage, Abelmoschus manihot, swelling, viscosity
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Pramana, Yanuar Sigit, and Titi Candra Sunarti. "Process Optimization for Dietary Fiber Production from Cassava Pulp Using Acid Treatment." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2018-0009.
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Abstract Cassava pulp, the side product of tapioca industry consists of starch and fiber as the major component. Acid treatment was employed in the conversion process of cassava pulp into dietary fiber to remove the starch component, to increase fiber content, and to modify the structure of fiber. This study purposed to obtain optimum process conditions (acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time) in the production of dietary fiber from cassava pulp. Process optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for maximizing Total Dietary Fiber (TDF), Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) as the responses. The optimum process was gained at 6% H2SO4 concentration, 127°C, and 45 mins. Prediction values of TDF, WHC, and OHC were 100%, 10.47 g/g, and 3.60 g/g, respectively. Validation was carried out and resulted in TDF 96.95%, WHC 10.47 g/g, and OHC 3.55 g/g. Physicochemical properties of the resulting dietary fiber were significantly improved. The fiber structure has modified which characterized by the changes in morphology and crystallinity.
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Chmiel, Marta, Mirosław Słowiñski, and Sławomir Janakowski. "The Quality Evaluation of RFN and PSE Pork Longissimus Lumborum Muscle Considering Its Microstructure." Annals of Animal Science 14, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0035.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate selected quality attributes of pork longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle characterized by Rfn and PSe occurrence considering its microstructure. The material used in the research was 100 pork meat samples of normal quality (RFN – red, firm, normal, non-exudative) and 100 pork meat samples with PSe defect. The digital images of microstructure of selected meat samples were captured and some quality attributes, including ph level, drip loss, electrical conductivity (ec), water holding capacity (Whc) and ciel*a*b* parameters, were determined. Based on the findings obtained it was concluded that PSE meat (pH24h≤5.5) was characterized by higher degradation of muscle fibre structure when compared with the normal meat (RFN). The differences in the microstructure of PSE and RFN meat influenced the colour, electrical conductivity, drip loss and WHC of the meat. The PSE meat was characterized by a signifi- cantly lighter color and significantly higher electrical conductivity, along with more intense drip loss and worsened water holding capacity in comparison with Rfn meat.
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Boyer, Cheryl R., Glenn B. Fain, Charles H. Gilliam, Thomas V. Gallagher, H. Allen Torbert, and Jeff L. Sibley. "Clean Chip Residual as a Substrate for Perennial Nursery Crop Production." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.4.239.
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Abstract Pine bark (PB) for horticultural uses is becoming less available and as a result, there is a need to develop alternative substrates for continued profitability of the nursery industry. This study, conducted at Poplarville, MS, and Auburn, AL, evaluated the growth of nine perennial species in a substrate composed of a pulpwood harvesting by-product called clean chip residual (CCR) which contains approximately 50% wood fiber. Two CCR particle sizes were used alone or amended with peat moss (PM) (4:1 by vol) and compared with control treatments PB and PB:PM. Substrates composed of 100% PB or 100% CCR had high air space (AS) and low water holding capacity (WHC) which resulted in less available water to plants. Addition of PM lowered AS and increased WHC. There were no significant differences among growth indices at Poplarville for 6 of 8 species and for 3 of 7 species at Auburn, though the remaining 4 species were only slightly smaller when grown in 100% CCR. Shoot dry weight was greatest in substrates amended with PM. Results of this study indicate that acceptable growth of perennial plants can be obtained in substrates composed of CCR when compared to PB and PB amended with PM.
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Shvedyuk, D., V. Pasichnyi, O. Moroz, and A. Heredchuk. "The influence of a microbiological derived protease on the autolysis process in meat of broiler chickens." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 90 (November 13, 2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9007.
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The article is devoted to the influence of protease of microbiological origin on the autolysis process in broiler chicken meat. Protease made by Aspergillus fungi was chosen as an enzym. According to the experiment plan, 5 samples were made, including a control sample, in which autolytic processes were performed without the addition of an enzyme. The experimental group (samples I–IV) included samples with 30, 50, 70 and 90 mg of the added enzyme solution, respectively, per 100 g of basic meat raw material. After introduction of the enzyme and parallel fixation of the studied control parameters before maturation, the samples were stored at 4–6 °C for 2 days. The selected physicochemical parameters were studied in all samples after 1 and 2 days of storage. Among the parameters studied, the following were selected: pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), water binding capacity (WBC), fat binding capacity (FBC), moisture content, and optical density by measuring of soluble and water-soluble proteins volume. Examenated transition of proteins from salt- to water-soluble experimental group also as their overall solubility is noticeably higher than in the control sample. Among the functional and technological characteristics, these samples have shown a high pH and WHC levels. The WBC, FBC and total water content show a slight increase. The values of the studied parameters among the samples I–IV have not shown a noticeable difference. For research minced meat at 48 hours of maturation compared with the control, the increase of WHC was accordingly from 16.4 to 18.4%, the value of the university increased by 9.1–19.1%, and FBC by 1.1–5.9%. At the same time, the change in the proportion of salt and algae protein substances of minced meat according to the optical density for 48 hours of maturation was equalized with the control and the variation of this index fluctuated within 1–2 units. A literature and studies sources review have shown the effectiveness of microbial-derived protease enhancement under the action of protease ASP on the functional-technological indices of white meat of broiler chickens. It has been determined that when injecting into broth from chicken broiler meat, ASP proteases in an amount of 30 to 90 mg per 100 g of raw materials, an increase in the thermal stability indices for FBC by 1.1–5.9%, in higher education institutions by 9.1–19.1%, which makes it possible to effectively model the increase in the functional and technological characteristics of minced meat from the amount of enzyme addition and maturation time.
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Mir, Nasir Akbar, Praveen K. Tyagi, Ashim Kumar Biswas, Pramod K. Tyagi, Asit B. Mandal, Manzoor A. Wani, Chandra Deo, Avishek Biswas, and Arun Kumar Verma. "Performance and meat quality of broiler chicken fed a ration containing flaxseed meal and higher dietary lysine levels." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 2 (March 2018): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000242.
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AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken with respect to feeding of 100 g flaxseed meal (FM)/kg and increasing lysine levels in the broiler diet. The results revealed no effect of lysine and FM feeding on growth performance except for a negative effect of FM on feed efficiency of birds, which was countered by feeding 1.25 BIS lysine. Feeding FM improved the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken meat significantly, whereas no effect was observed for increasing lysine levels beyond BIS recommendation. FM significantly reduced meat cholesterol, fat, water-holding capacity (WHC), extract release volume (ERV) and antioxidant potential, whereas it increased the pH of fresh meat, drip loss and lipid peroxidation of broiler chicken meat. As compared with other lysine levels, generally 1.25 BIS lysine significantly increased the pH of refrigerated stored meat, WHC, ERV and antioxidant potential, whereas it significantly reduced cholesterol, fat, drip loss and lipid peroxidation of broiler chicken meat. Thus, the inclusion of 100 g FM/kg diet along with 1.25 BIS lysine in broiler ration was optimum for desirable broiler performance, fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and other functional properties of broiler chicken meat.
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Cole, D. M., J. L. Sibley, E. K. Blythe, D. J. Eakes, and K. M. Tilt. "Effect of Cotton Gin Compost on Substrate Properties and Growth of Azalea under Differing Irrigation Regimes in a Greenhouse Setting." HortTechnology 15, no. 1 (January 2005): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0145.
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`Formosa' azalea (Rhododendron indicum) was grown for 4 months in 7.6-L (2 gal) containers in four substrate blends: 100% pine bark (PB) (by volume), 1 PB: 1 cotton gin compost (CGC), 3 PB: 1 CGC, and 3 PB: 1 peat (PT) at three irrigation levels [600, 1200, and 1800 mL·d-1 (20.3, 40.6, and 60.9 floz/d)] in a polyethylene-covered greenhouse. Plants were evaluated for growth on a biweekly basis using a growth index. Roots were evaluated visually at the end of the study using a 0 (no root growth) to 5 (root bound) scale. Initial physical properties were determined and leachates were collected every 30 days. There was no difference in percent increase in growth across irrigation and substrate treatments. Visual root rating was greatest (4.5) for azaleas grown in 3 PB: 1 PT and least (3.5) in 1 PB: 1 CGC. The two PB/CGC blends improved water-holding capacity (WHC) in comparison to 100% PB, with 1 PB: 1 CGC exhibiting the greatest WHC among all four substrates. Bulk density was greatest with the CGC-amended substrates. Leachate pH tended to increase and electrical conductivity (EC) tended to decrease with increasing irrigation volume. Leachates from the CGC-amended substrates were less acidic and EC tended to be similar or greater than leachates from the 100% PB and 3 PB: 1 PT substrates.
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Mota, Leandro Henrique De Sousa, Silvana De Paula Quintão Scalon, Rafael Heinz, and Daiane Mugnol Dresch. "SUBSTRATES AND WATER AVAILABILITY ON THE EMERGENCE AND INITIAL GROWTH OF Alibertia sessilis Schum. SEEDLINGS." FLORESTA 47, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v47i4.53083.
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The cultivation of native species in the Cerrado has encountered various problems, for instance, the slow growth and the lack of knowledge about the cultivation practices. In order to better use the available water resources and to produce quality seedlings, this study aimed to evaluate different substrates and water levels on the emergence and initial growth of Alibertia sessilis Schum. seedlings. The effects of the following substrates were evaluated: dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol), Oxisol +sand (1:1 v/v), Oxisol + sand + semi-decomposed poultry litter (1:1:0.5 v/v), Oxisol + sand 2 + semi-decomposed poultry litter (1:2:0.5 v/v) and Oxisol + commercial-substrate-CS (1:1 v/v) associated with the levels of irrigation of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the water holding capacity in the substrate (WHC). The best results for emergence percentage, initial growth and quality of seedlings were observed in the substrates Oxisol + sand 2 + poultry litter (1:2:0,5) at 100% of WHC. There was no emergence at 25% of WHC. Keywords: Rubiaceae, marmelinho, fruit of the Cerrado. ResumoSubstratos e disponibilidade hídrica na emergência e crescimento inicial de mudas de Alibertia sessilis Schum. O cultivo de espécies nativas no Cerrado tem esbarrado em vários problemas, entre eles, o crescimento lento e a carência de conhecimentos sobre as práticas culturais. A fim de melhor utilizar os recursos hídricos disponíveis e produzir mudas de qualidade, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar diferentes substratos e níveis de água na emergência e no crescimento inicial das mudas Alibertia sessilis Schum. Foram avaliados os efeitos dos substratos Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LVd), LVd +areia (1:1 v/v), LVd + areia + cama de frango semidecomposta (1:1:0,5 v/v), LVd + areia 2 + cama de frango semidecomposta (1:2:0,5 v/v) e LVd + substrato comercial -SC (1:1 v/v) associados aos níveis de irrigação de 25, 50, 75 e 100% da capacidade de retenção de água no substrato (CRA). Os melhores resultados para porcentagem de emergência, crescimento inicial e qualidade das mudas foram observados nos substratos LVd + areia 2 + cama de frango (1:2:0,5) a 100% da CRA. Não houve emergência a 25% da CRA. Palavras-chave: Rubiaceae, marmelinho, frutífera do Cerrado.
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Roll, Aline Arassiana Piccini, Edenilse Gopinger, Martha Lopes Schuch de Castro, Jorge Schafhäuser Junior, Victor Fernando Büttow Roll, and Fernando Rutz. "Brown rice, selenium yeast and ?-tocopherol acetate in chicken’s diet: effects on meat quality." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p957.
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The effects of diet supplementation with ?-tocopherol acetate (VE) and selenium yeast (SeL) on the water holding capacity (WHC), cooking weight loss (CL), drip loss (DL), pH, colour and selenium concentration of the breast of chickens fed diets based on corn or brown rice were studied. From 21 days of age, a total of 200 birds were housed in 38 floor pens (experimental unit) in a randomised 23 factorial arrangement. The levels of supplementation were VE (0 and 200 mg/kg), organic selenium (0 and 0.3 ppm) and two diets (100% corn and 100% brown rice) in a total of eight treatments: T1) corn + 0 SeL + 0 VE (control); T2) corn + 200 mg/kg VE + 0 SeL; T3) corn + 0 VE + 0.3 ppm SeL; T4) corn + 200 mg/kg VE + 0.3 ppm SeL; T5) brown rice + 0 VE +0 SeL; T6) brown rice + 200 mg/kg VE + 0 SeL; T7) brown rice + 0 VE + 0.3 ppm SeL; T8) brown rice + 200 mg/kg VE + 0.3 ppm SeL. The concentration of selenium in the breast increased with VE supplementation in the diet (P < 0.001). However, a positive interaction between VE and SeL on selenium concentration in the meat was found (P = 0.06). A better WHC with the inclusion of SeL and VE was found only in the rice-based diets. The replacement of corn by brown rice decreased (P < 0.05) the yellowness of the meat. CL and DL were not significantly affected by the treatments. Broilers fed with SeL supplemented diets showed a higher pH in the breast than diets without supplementation. In conclusion, the interaction between VE and SeL increased selenium in meat but improved WHC only in rice-based diets. The replacement of corn by brown rice decreased the yellowness of chicken breast meat.
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Hu, Hewen, Yue Li, Long Zhang, Huajie Tu, Xinyu Wang, Lili Ren, Siqi Dai, and Liyan Wang. "Use of Tremella as Fat Substitute for the Enhancement of Physicochemical and Sensory Profiles of Pork Sausage." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092167.
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Pork fat in sausage was replaced by tremella at different proportions during the process, and the physicochemical and sensory profiles of pork sausage were evaluated. Five recipes with the replacement proportion of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% tremella were manufactured, and their proximate compositions, water activities, textures, colors, water holding capacities (WHC), and amino acid compositions were investigated. The results showed that the protein, ash and moisture content, lightness, redness, and WHC of pork sausages were increased (p < 0.05), and textural profile analysis (TPA) and sensory quality of the sausage were improved (p < 0.05). In addition, the content of essential amino acids (lysine and isoleucine) and the non-essential amino acids (proline and tyrosine) of sausages were increased (p < 0.05). The sausage had the best sensory performance when the replacement ratio of tremella was 75%. These results indicated that replacing fat with tremella could be a valid way to obtain nutritional and healthy sausage.
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Kumar, Vinod, and A. K. Chopra. "Influence of sugar mill effluent on physico-chemical characteristics of soil at Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i2.134.
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The influence of seven rates of Sugar mill effluent (viz. 0, 5, 10 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/kg soil) along with control (Bore-well water, BWW) on the physical and chemical properties of soils revealed that among various concentrations of the effluents, the irrigation with 100% effluent concentration decreased moisture content (20.44%),WHC (13.80%), BD (4.14%) and increased pH (9.56%), EC (64.28%), ECEC (149.25%), Cl- (194.71%), OC (3228.89%), HCO3- (22.34%), CO3-2 (29.38%), Na + (185.48%), K+(53.40%), Ca2+ (1262.24%), Mg2+ (1818.24%), TKN (1206.36%), NO32- (80.87%), PO43- (236.04%), SO42- (72.08%), Fe2+ (234.34%), Zn (317.72%), Cd (404.35%), Cu (374.90%), Pb (645.71%) and Cr (1024.80%) in the soil when compared to control. There was a significant (P<0.001) effect on EC, pH, Cl-, OC, HCO3- , CO32- , Na + , K + , Ca2+, Mg 2+, Fe 2+, TKN, NO3 2- , PO4 3- and SO42- , Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb and insignificant (P>0.05) effect on moisture content, WHC and bulk density after sugar mill effluent irrigation when compared to control. There was no momentous change in the soil texture of the soil. The enrichment factor (Ef) of various micronutrients in the soil was recorded in order of Cr>Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn after irrigation with sugar mill effluent.
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Ponce-Mendoza, Alejandro, Juan Manuel Ceballos-Ramírez, Federico Gutierrez-Micelli, and Luc Dendooven. "Emission of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from semi-arid tropical soils in Chiapas México." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 5 (October 2010): 1617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000500015.
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The semi-arid region of Chiapas is dominated by N2 -fixing shrubs, e.g., Acacia angustissima. Urea-fertilized soil samples under maize were collected from areas covered and uncovered by A. angustissima in different seasons and N2O and CO2 emissions were monitored. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of urea and of the rainy and dry season on gas emissions from semi-arid soil under laboratory conditions. Urea and soil use had no effect on CO2 production. Nitrons oxide emission from soil was three times higher in the dry than in the rainy season, while urea fertilization doubled emissions. Emissions were twice as high from soil sampled under A. angustissima canopy than from arable land, but 1.2 lower than from soil sampled outside the canopy, and five times higher from soil incubated at 40 % of the water-holding capacity (WHC) than at soil moisture content, but 15 times lower than from soil incubated at 100 WHC. It was found that the soil sampling time and water content had a significant effect on N2O emissions, while N fertilizer and sampling location were less influent.
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Elsalahy, Heba, Sonoko Bellingrath-Kimura, Timo Kautz, and Thomas Döring. "Effects of mixing two legume species at seedling stage under different environmental conditions." PeerJ 9 (February 2, 2021): e10615. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10615.
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While intercropping is known to have positive effects on crop productivity, it is unclear whether the effects of mixing species start at the early plant stage, that is, during germination. We tested whether the germination of two legume species, alsike clover and black medic, characterized by a contrasting response to water availability and temperature is affected by mixing. We set up four experiments in each of which we compared a 1:1 mixture against the two monocultures, and combined this with various other experimental factors. These additional factors were (i) varied seed densities (50%, 100% and 150% of a reference density) in two field trials in 2016 and 2017, (ii) varied seed densities (high and low) and water availability (six levels, between 25% and 100% of water holding capacity (WHC)) in a greenhouse pot trial, (iii) varied seed spacing in a climate chamber, and (iv) varied temperatures (12 °C, 20 °C and 28 °C) and water availability (four levels between 25% and 100% of WHC) in a climate chamber. Across all experiments, the absolute mixture effects (AME) on germination ranged between −9% and +11%, with a median of +1.3%. Within experiments, significant mixture effects were observed, but the direction of these effects was inconsistent. In the field, AME on germination was significantly negative at some of the tested seed densities. A positive AME was observed in the climate chamber at 12 °C, and the mean AME decreased with increasing temperature. Higher density was associated with decreased germination in the field, indicating negative interaction through competition or allelopathy, among seedlings. Our findings indicate that interaction among seeds in species mixtures may be ongoing during germination, but that the direction of the mixture effect is affected by complex interactions with abiotic and biotic factors.
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Liu, Bei Yu, Jia Ying Peng, Xiao Man Zeng, Hong Yan Zheng, and Geng Zhong. "Characterization of Dietary Fiber from Millet Brans." Applied Mechanics and Materials 140 (November 2011): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.278.
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The dietary fibres (DFs) were obtained by enzymatic-chemical method from glutinous and normal millet brans from China, and their main components, neutral monosaccharide composition were analyzed. Some physicochemical properties of the two DFs were evaluated also, including the swelling capacity, water holding capacity (WHC), and oil holding capacity (OHC), et al. Data showed that the total dietary fiber content of glutinous millet bran (GMB) was 76.58g/100g, of which 69.09 g/100 g was insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and 7.49g/100g was soluble dietary fiber (SDF), compared with normal millet bran (NMB), 73.18g/100g total dietary fiber, 65.55g/100g IDF and 7.63g/100g SDF, respectively. The DF extracted from the two raw materials both possess excellent properties, the SC values were 4.8mL/g and 4.61mL/g (37°C) for DFs of glutinous and normal samples, respectively. Also, both the two DFs exhibit obvious binding ability to the cholesterol at pH 7(GMB DF 8.14 mg/g, NMB DF 7.89mg/g).
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Strebel, Hendrik, Bernhard Haller, Maximilian Sohn, Wolfgang Schepp, and Felix Gundling. "Role of Brain Biomarkers S-100-Beta and Neuron-Specific Enolase for Detection and Follow-Up of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis before, during and after Treatment with L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate." GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology 27, no. 6 (2020): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507225.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), in the context of liver cirrhosis, seems to result from low-grade cerebral edema of the astrocytes. Serum brain biomarkers S-100-beta und neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are often elevated in brain injury. We hypothesized that neuromarkers S-100-beta and NSE can be used in the diagnosis of HE, compared with standardized diagnostic tools. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> A prospective non-randomized intervention study was performed using L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) for HE treatment. Primary endpoint was the evaluation of neuromarkers S-100-beta and NSE for detection and diagnosis of follow-up of HE. As secondary endpoints, the efficacy of LOLA on the course of HE and the diagnostic role of Portosystemic-Encephalopathy-Syndrome score (PHES) and critical flicker frequency (CFF) were analyzed. For diagnosis of covert (CHE) and overt (OHE) HE, West-Haven criteria (WHC), PHES and CFF were assessed at study entry. LOLA was applied (20 g i.v.) for 6 days. At the end of the study, HE evaluation was repeated. S-100-beta, NSE and ammonia were assessed in each patient before, during and after therapy with LOLA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 30 patients were included. At study entry, CHE was diagnosed in 50% and OHE in 50% of all subjects. A total of 25 participants completed the study. After LOLA therapy, deterioration of HE occurred in <11%, while most patients showed improvement (e.g. improved CFF in 79%). No significant correlation with HE severity (as diagnosed by WHC, PHES and CFF) could be demonstrated for any biochemical parameter. In addition, there were no significant changes in brain biomarkers during the treatment period. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> While CFF as well as PHES showed good correlation with treatment response, S-100-beta and NSE did not significantly correlate with HE severity compared to proven diagnostic methods, and do not seem reliable biochemical markers for the follow-up under therapy.
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Akinwumi, A. O., A. A. Odunsi, A. B. Omojola, I. O. Olatoye, T. O. Akande, and B. S. Olawuyi. "Effects of graded levels of Tetracin® on physico-chemical and sensory properties of broiler meat 1." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i2.982.
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Tetracin® (a feed grade veterinary antibiotic) was administered at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg to conventional starter and finisher feed for broilers for a period of six weeks before the breast meat were analyzed for physical, chemical and organoleptic properties. One hundred and fifty (2 weeks old) broiler chicks were randomly divided into 10 birds per replicate with 3 replicates per treatment. At the end of the feeding trial, 6 birds per treatment were slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated and dressed. The breasts cuts were however subjected to laboratory analyses. No statistically significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in drip loss, chilling loss, shear force, ash and moisture contents of broiler meat across the treatment groups. However, the cooking loss and thermal loss progressively increased (P<0.05) with the corresponding increase in Tetracin®. Similarly, WHC was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced with increased inclusion of Tetracin®. Crude protein increased (P<0.05) but ether extract was reduced with inclusion of Tetracin®. Meat without antibiotics was highly rated (P<0.05) for flavour, juiciness and tenderness while colour and general acceptability were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced with or without Tetracin®. Conclusively, the inclusion of Tetracin® improved the chemical properties of broiler meat but the physical properties (cooking loss and WHC), flavour, juiciness and tenderness of the meat were compromised especially when administered above 100mg/kg feed.
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Saddiq, Muhammad Sohail, Xiukang Wang, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal Hafeez, Shahbaz Khan, Ali Raza, Javaid Iqbal, et al. "Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101934.
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Climate change scenarios predict that an extended period of drought is a real threat to food security, emphasizing the need for new crops that tolerate these conditions. Quinoa is the best option because it has the potential to grow under water deficit conditions. There is considerable variation in drought tolerance in quinoa genotypes, and the selection of drought-tolerant quinoa germplasms is of great interest. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the crop yield and characterize the physiology of 20 quinoa genotypes grown under water deficit in a wirehouse. The experiment was a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial with three replications. Seedling growth, i.e., fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), shoot length (RGR-SL), and physiological performance, i.e., chlorophyll content (a and b), carotenoid, leaf phenolic content, leaf proline content, membrane stability index (MSI), and leaf K+ accumulation were evaluated in a hydroponic culture under different water-deficit levels developed by PEG 6000 doses (w/v) of 0% (control), 0.3%, and 0.6%. Yield attributes were evaluated in a pot at three different soil moisture levels, as determined by soil gravimetric water holding capacity (WHC) of 100 (control), 50% WHC (50 % drought stress) and 25% WHC (75% stress). In both experiments, under the water stress condition, the growth (hydroponic study) and yield traits (pot study) were significantly reduced compared to control treatments. On the drought tolerance index (DTI) based on seed yield, genotype 16 followed by 10, 1, 4, 5, 7, and 12 could be considered drought-tolerant genotypes that produced maximum grain yield and improved physiological characteristics under severe water stress conditions in hydroponic culture. In both studies, genotypes 3, 8, 13, and 20 performed poorly and were considered drought-sensitive genotypes with the lowest DTI values under water-stressed conditions. All the studied agronomic traits (grain yield, root and shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights) and physiological traits (leaf phenolic, proline content, carotenoid, K+ accumulation, membrane stability index, and relative water content) were firmly inter-correlated and strongly correlated with DTI. They can be regarded as screening criteria, employing a large set of quinoa genotypes in a breeding program.
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Wariyah, Chatarina, and Riyanto Riyanto. "Efek Antioksidatif dan Akseptabilitas Bakso Daging Ayam Ras dengan Penambahan Gel Lidah Buaya." Agritech 38, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.31850.
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Currently, the consumption of broiler-chicken meat increases up to 3.7510 kg/cap/year. This condition is due to the increasing of population growth and food businesses which use chicken meat. On the other hand, the chicken meat contains of high fat, thus easily oxidized and resulted in free radicals and off- flavor. Chicken meat is widely used as meatball that is processed through the stage of meat-milling and boiling which triggers fat oxidation. Therefore, an antioxidant is needed to inhibit oxidation. Aloevera contains flavonoid compounds that could scavange free radicals. The objective of this research was to optimize the addition of aloe vera gel in the chicken meatball to obtain high antioxidant effect and acceptable product. Considering its high water content (> 98%), in this study aloe vera gel was added as an ice-substitution in the making of meatball. The meatballs were made by mixing of 250 g chicken meat with 125 g tapioca for each sample, seasoning (salt, pepper, garlic), and added ice with water/aloe vera gel ratio (g/g) of 100/0; 85/15; 70/30; 55/45 and 40/60. The doughs were molded in ball-shape then boiled at 90 oC for 10 minutes. The meatballs were subjected to analysis of moisture content, the ability to scavenge of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical or radical scavenging activity (RSA), acid, peroxide and thyobarbituric acid (TBA) number, physical properties including water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, and texture (softness, chewiness and deformation) as well as acceptability by hedonic test. The results showed that the highest acceptability and antioxidative activity of meatballs was obtained in meatball with the ratio of water/gel between 55/45- 40/60 (g/g). This aforementioned meatball had softer texture and likely chewiness. The percentage of the WHC and cooking loss were not significantly different, but it had high RSA and lowest value of acid, peroxide and TBA numbers. ABSTRAKSaat ini konsumsi daging ayam ras pedaging meningkat hingga mencapai 3,7510 kg/kap/tahun. Hal ini disebabkan antara lain oleh meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan usaha di sektor pangan yang menggunakan daging ayam ras. Disisi lain, daging ayam ras mengandung lemak cukup tinggi, sehingga mudah teroksidasi menghasilkan radikal bebas dan penurunan flavor. Daging ayam ras banyak digunakan sebagai bakso yang diolah melalui proses penggilingan daging dan perebusan, sehingga dapat memicu terjadinya oksidasi lemak. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan antioksidan untuk menghambat oksidasi. Aloe vera diketahui mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan optimasi penambahan gel lidah buaya pada pembuatan bakso daging ayam ras untuk menghasilkan bakso dengan efek antioksidatif tinggi dan disukai. Pada penelitian ini gel lidah buaya ditambahkan untuk mensubtitusi es batu yang digunakan pada pembuatan bakso, mengingat kandungan air gel tinggi (> 98%). Pembuatan bakso untuk setiap 250 g daging ayam ditambah 125 g tapioka, bumbu (garam, merica, bubuk bawang putih) dan es batu yang dibuat dengan variasi rasio air/gel lidah buaya (g/g): 100/0; 85/15; 70/30; 55/45 dan 40/60. Bahan dicampur menjadi adonan dan dibuat bola-bakso, selanjutnya direbus pada suhu 90 oC selama 10 menit. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah kadar air, kemampuan menangkap radikal DPPH, angka asam, peroksida dan TBA (thyobarbituric acid); sifat fisik: water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, tekstur (kelunakan, kekenyalan dan deformasi) dan akseptabilitas bakso ditentukan secara inderawi dengan Hedonic Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakso dengan akseptabilitas dan aktivitas antioksidasi tinggi dibuat dengan es batu dengan rasio air/gel lidah buaya 55/45-40/60 (g/g). Bakso tersebut lebih lunak dan kekenyalannya disukai. Persentase WHC dan cooking loss tidak berbeda nyata, nilai RSA tinggi, sedangkan angka asam, peroksida dan TBA paling rendah.
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Torrico, Tam, Fuentes, Viejo, and Dunshea. "D-Tagatose as a Sucrose Substitute and Its Effect on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Acceptability of Strawberry-Flavored Yogurt." Foods 8, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070256.
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Sugar not only provides the desirable sweetness but its reduction can also alter the physico-chemical properties of foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tagatose as a sugar substitute on selected physico-chemical properties and sensory acceptability of strawberry-flavored yogurts. Six yogurt samples with decreasing concentrations of sucrose (8.50 to 1.70 g/100 g) and increasing concentrations of tagatose (0.00 to 9.24 g/100 g) were evaluated. Physico-chemical tests (pH, lactic acid (%), °Brix, water-holding capacity (WHC), viscosity, and color) were conducted to examine the quality and shelf-life of yogurts during 28 days of storage at 4 °C. An acceptability test (n = 55) was conducted to evaluate the sensory characteristics of yogurts. Sucrose reductions by the replacement of up to 80% tagatose showed marginal effects on the selected physico-chemical properties; however, the loss of red color (a*) and increase in yellowness (b*) of the tagatose-substituted samples were significant. Strawberry yogurts with tagatose replacements had similar acceptability scores for all attributes. Sucrose reduction showed a positive effect on the purchase intent of the strawberry yogurts (an increase of 3–30%). These findings can be used to understand the effects of tagatose/sucrose formulations on the acceptability and physico-chemical properties of yogurts.
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Srivastava, Sachin, A. K. Chopra, and Chakresh Pathak. "Ferti-irrigational impact of distillery effluent and Di-ammonium phosphate on the soil and growth characteristics of Egg plant (Solanum melongena L.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i2.264.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative study was conducted to assess the ferti-irrigational effect of Distillery effluent (DE) concentrations such as 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% along with control (Bore well water-BWW) and Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) separately for the pot culture cultivation of Solanum melongena. The results revealed that DE concentrations had significant (P<0.001) effect on EC, Cl¯, Mg2+, OC, HCO3–, exchangeable Na+, available K+, Ca2+, TKN, available P and SO42-, whereas non-significant (P>0.05) effects were observed for water holding capacity(WHC) and bulk density (BD) of the soil. Irrigation with 100% concentration of DE, increased EC (+63.46%), Cl¯ (+292.37%), Mg2+ (+1162.72%), OC (+3763.63%), exchangeable Na+(+264.29%), available K+ (+48.39%), Ca2+ (+815.74%), TKN (+1449.18%), available P (+338.83%), SO42- (+80.07%), while decreased pH (-17.85%) total bacteria (-47.02 %), fungi (-52.17%) and actinomycetes (-82.89 %) in effluent irrigated soil. Application of diluted doses of DE significantly increased plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, leaf area, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, number of fruit and crop yield of S. melongena, with the better results being obtained at a dilution of 50% of DE concentration in comparison to DAP and BWW.
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Irfan Said, Muhammad, Effendi Abustam, Wempie Pakiding, and Muhammad Zain Mide. "Utilization of Poultry Slaughterhouses (PSh) Waste as a By-product of Protein Sources to Create the Environmental Friendly Livestock Systems in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p273.
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Livestock waste is one of the important problems in a livestock farming system. Various efforts was needed to reduce waste production. The use of waste is one of solution in reducing waste production to create an environmentally friendly livestock farming system. Utilization of livestock waste from PSh as feed ingredients for alternative protein sources can reduce the cost of feed use. This has an impact on a more efficient livestock business. The feather from the poultry contains high protein compounds. The application of waste from the poultry feather as a source of animal feed to improve the quality of quail meat has not been widely reported. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of giving feather waste extract (FWE) on the quality of thigh meat (Bicep femoris) for quail. A total of 100 heads quails, male, were used as samples. A total of 4 types of FWE administration treatments have been applied. Four types of FWE treatment have been applied in this study, namely: (FA = 0%; FB = 1%; FC = 1.5% and FD = 2%). Each treatment unit was repeated 5 times with 5 heads quail samples/treatment. The results showed that the application of FWE at different levels had a significant effect (p<0.05) on cooking loss (CL) and shear force (SF) of thigh meat (Bicep femoris), whereas in water holding capacity (WHC) it did not show a significant effect (p>0.05). The value of the WHC of thigh meat (Biceps femoris) is in the range of 33.33±1.65%-42.07±5.01%, MSF of 0.40±0.05-0.93±0.18 kg/cm2 and CL of 6.10±2.70-19.90±4.51%. An application of 2% FWE in feed mixtures showed better meat quality of thigh meat (Bicep femoris). An application of FWE as a protein source for animal feed can be improve the environmental sustainability and create a more efficient livestock business.Keywords: Poultry slaughterhouse (PSh), By-product, Protein, Feather waste extract (FWE), Environmental friendly
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Hussein, Khabat Noori, Laszlo Friedrich, Gabriella Kisko, Karina Hidas, Csaba Nemeth, and Istvan Dalmadi. "Microbiological status and oxidation properties of minced chicken breast meat treated with different concentrations of Allyl-isothiocyanate." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 7, no. 1-2 (November 1, 2019): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2018.1-2.140-144.
Full textAbstract:
Due to its biological composition, poultry meat is perishable by nature and susceptible to quality deterioration such as microbial spoilage and oxidation changes. Meat and meat products with healthy, extended shelf-life and good organoleptic properties are highly demanded by consumers. In current study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) as a natural additive on raw chicken meat during chilling storage were determined. For this purpose, samples of minced were treated with different concentrations of AITC (100, 200, 300 and 500 ppm) and control no AITC added, the samples packaged and stored for 8 days at 4 °C. Fluctuations with no significant effect were noticed in TBARS values during the storage period. Simultaneously, AITC with higher concentration showed lower mesophilic aerobic counts compared to control and meat containing a low concentration of AITC. Moreover, compared to the beginning of storage, AITC decreased water holding capacity (WHC) of meat this can affect other physicochemical properties of meat. Further study needed to determine the effect of AITC on the physicochemical properties of meat and food products.
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& et al., Al-Shamari. "ROLE OF COMPOST AND IRRIGATION WATER QUANTITY ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER SURFACE, SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 1300–1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i5.1137.
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A field experiment was conducted in Ramadi district - Al-Anbar province during the autumn season of 2018. to study the role of compost (sheep residues) and irrigation levels in some physical properties of soil and water consumption a potato under surface and subsurface drip irrigation system. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in arrangement of a split- split-plot with three replication were used.The results showed that the addition of 10 Mg.h-1 resulted in a significant decrease in bulk density (BD) values of 1.12 Mg m-3, and increase in the values of (MWD) and (Ks) to reach 1.47 mm and 10.3 cm. hr -1 respectively. The addition of 50% of the NID reduced the BD to 1.24 Mg m-3, The MWD and SHC were significantly higher to reach 1.24 mm and 8.1 cm hr-1 respectively. WHC increased with increasing of amount of irrigation water as it reached the highest value of 265.66 mm season-1 when adding 100% of the NID. The BD values decreased, whereas MWD and SWC increased under subsurface irrigation (SUBDI) treatment to be 1.23 Mg m-3, 1.24 mm and 8.4 cm hr-1, respectively.
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Dalólio, F. S., D. P. Vaz, J. Moreira, L. F. T. Albino, and L. R. Valadares. "Carcass characteristics of broilers fed enzyme complex." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 31, no. 2 (2015): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1502153d.
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Enzyme supplementation in diets based on corn and soybean meal can improve the productive performance of broilers. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of an enzyme complex consisting of phytase, protease, xylanase, ?-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase, for diets based on corn and soybean meal, on the parameters of carcass yield and meat quality of broilers. Six hundred broiler chicks were used, and the animals were females with one day of age, from the Cobb 500 strain, and distributed in a completely randomized design, with five levels of inclusion of the enzyme complex (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400), and six repetitions, with twenty animals each. The carcass yield and meat quality were evaluated at 35 and 42 days of age. We evaluated the characteristics of weight loss by cooking (WLC), shear force (SF), water holding capacity (WHC), pH, lightness (L*) and color (a* and b*). The parameters of performance, carcass yield and carcass parts, and meat quality were not affected by the enzyme supplementation of diets fed to broiler chickens (P >0.05), except for the performance characteristics of the breast and the wings at 42 days of age (P < 0.05).
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Cruz-Méndez, Addi Santiago, Esaú Ortega-Ramírez, Carlos Alexander Lucho-Constantino, Oscar Arce-Cervantes, Gabriela Alejandra Vázquez-Rodríguez, Claudia Coronel-Olivares, and Rosa Icela Beltrán-Hernández. "Bamboo Biochar and a Nopal-Based Biofertilizer as Improvers of Alkaline Soils with Low Buffer Capacity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 6502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146502.
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Alkaline soils with low buffering capacity are susceptible to amendments such as biochar or biofertilizers, which could drastically alter their pH. For that, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low biochar and biofertilizer addition to improve soil characteristics and the use of nutrients to reduce the doses of chemical fertilizer. For that, we measured the initial effect of biochar addition on the soil characteristics. Then, to evaluate the changes produced by biochar and biofertilizer on cultivated soil, we carried out a greenhouse experiment with Physalis ixocarpa for two crop cycles. We also studied the nutrient use efficiency, comparing chemical fertilization at 100% (without biochar) against 50% and 20% with biochar on crop yield, plant height, fruit weight, and root length. Finally, we compared the combination of biochar and biofertilizer with the treatments mentioned earlier. The results showed that after adding 0.2% of bamboo biochar, bulk density (BD) decreased while CEC, as well as OM, Pav, Fe, and Cu contents, increased in the soil. The combination of biochar and biofertilizer improved WHC, Pav, and OM comparing to the soil added with biochar. We found that the bamboo biochar and nopal-based fertilizer are suitable improvers for the studied soil.
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Gorjanović, Stanislava, Darko Micić, Ferenc Pastor, Tomislav Tosti, Ana Kalušević, Slavica Ristić, and Snežana Zlatanović. "Evaluation of Apple Pomace Flour Obtained Industrially by Dehydration as a Source of Biomolecules with Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Effects." Antioxidants 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050413.
Full textAbstract:
Apple pomace flour (APF) obtained at industrial scale level by the application of innovative technological process (dehydration (5 h, T ≤ 55 °C), grinding (300 µm)) was evaluated as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidative, antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Proximate composition, individual (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS) and total phenols (TPC) as well as flavonoids content (TFC), antioxidant (AO) activity (DPPH, ABTS, HPMC), water and oil holding capacity (WHC and OHC) of APFs obtained from apple pomace from mixed and individual apple cultivars grown conventionally and organically were compared. The effect of APF supplementation on the glycaemic status and glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)) of C57BL/6J mice exposed to high-fat and sucrose diet was examined. High K content (4.2–6.4 g/kg), dietary fibres (35–45 g/100 g), TPC (4.6–8.1 mg GAE/g), TFC (18.6–34.6 mg QE/g), high water and oil holding capacity (4.7–6.4 and 1.3–1.6 g/g) were observed in the APFs. Content of major phenols (phlorizin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin), TPC and TFC correlated highly with prominent AO activity. APF supplementation lowered the increase of body weight gain and blood glucose, and improved glucose tolerance significantly. Health-promoting biomolecules, AO activity, functional properties and prevention of diet-driven glucose metabolism disorders pave the way to APF exploitation in human nutrition.
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Meliaschenya, A., I. Kaltovich, and G. Pinchuk. "DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CULINARY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION USING MIXTURES AND EMULSIONS FOR ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES." Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials, no. 14 (December 14, 2020): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2220-8755-2019-14-189-198.
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The article presents the results of research on the determination of rational technological parameters for the production of culinary products using dry
mixtures and emulsions based on animal raw materials for additive technologies. It was found that when making products using mixtures and emulsions based on broiler chicken meat, as well as a combination of broiler chicken meat and pork, pork and beef (ratio 1:1) rational height of the layer, which makes it possible to ensure stability and safety of the product shape (with a fixed diameter of the opening of the culinary syringe – 7 mm and the optimal length of the layer - 100 mm), is from 14–21 mm (with a layer width of 7 mm) and up to 133–154 mm (with a layer width of 98 mm), which allows for improved structural and mechanical (SSL – 1090.7–1099.9 Pa) and
functional and technological indicators of these products (WHC – 92.7–97.5%). The rational sequence of application and the duration of chopping of the main and auxiliary raw materials for the manufacture of emulsions, the duration of
preparation (3 minutes), the degree of hydration (1:2 – 1:3) and the temperature of water for the reduction of dry mixtures
(60±1° C) were established, which made it possible to develop technological schemes for the production of culinary products using additive technologies.
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Cruz-Garibaldi, Bianka Y., Alma D. Alarcon-Rojo, Mariana Huerta-Jimenez, Ivan A. Garcia-Galicia, and Luis M. Carrillo-Lopez. "Efficacy of Ultrasonic-Assisted Curing Is Dependent on Muscle Size and Ultrasonication System." Processes 8, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091015.
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Ultrasound-assisted marinade is a promising technology for reducing the time of traditional immersion marination. This study evaluated the effect of the ultrasonic system (bath or probe, amplitude 50 or 100%) and muscle sample size (3 or 5 cm3) on physicochemical quality, yield (salt content, fresh weight, and relative fresh weight), and bacteria counts associated with pork. The results showed a significantly high salt (p < 0.0001) content in 3 cm3 (11.54%) and 5 cm3 (8.88%) samples after 24 h marination by immersion. The 3 cm3 cubes marinated in a 100% probe system for 20 min presented an amount of salt (9.55%) that was quite close to the controls. The 3 cm3 samples treated by immersion and in a 50% probe system gained more relative weight (in relation to the initial weight, 7.45 and 6.64%, respectively) after 7 d at 4 °C. Meanwhile the 5 cm3 cubes marinated by immersion gained 8.1%. The other treatments showed a weight loss after treatment. Although significant differences were found in the fresh weight and in water holding capacity (WHC) in the 3 and 5 cm3 meat samples, the relative fresh weight is a real measure of weight gain, more relevant for the industry. Thus, the samples with the highest salt transfer experienced a phenomenon of “dehydration”, retaining less water. The 3 and 5 cm3 cubes marinated by immersion presented orange color tones due to the long processing time, while the probe system produced redder and brighter tones. Ultrasound as a technology to assist in marinades is not efficient for bacteria control of mesophilic, psychrophilic, or coliform. However, a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts may bring benefits for meat preservation during refrigerated storage.
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Doneva, Maria, Iliana Nacheva, Svetla Dyankova, Petya Metodieva, and Daniela Miteva. "Application of plant proteolytic enzymes for tenderization of rabbit meat." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 34, no. 2 (2018): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1802229d.
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The purpose of this study is to assess the tenderizing effect of plant proteolytic enzymes upon raw rabbit meat. Tests are performed on rabbit meat samples treated with papain and two vegetal sources of natural proteases (extracts of kiwifruit and ginger root). Two variants of marinade solutions are prepared from each vegetable raw materials- 50% (w/w) and 100 % (w/w), with a duration of processing 2h, 24h, and 48h. Changes in the following physicochemical characteristics of meat have been observed: pH, water-holding capacity, cooking losses and quantity of free amino acids. Differences in values of these characteristics have been observed, both between control and test samples, as well as depending of treatment duration. For meat samples marinated with papain and ginger extracts, the water-holding capacity reached to 6.74 ? 0.04 % (papain), 5.58 ? 0.09 % (variant 1) and 6.80 ? 0.11 % (variant 2) after 48 hours treatment. In rabbit meat marinated with kiwifruit extracts, a significant increase in WHC was observed at 48 hours, 3.37 ? 0.07 (variant 3) and 6.84 ? 0.11 (variant 4). The test samples also have reduced cooking losses compared to control samples. In control samples, cooking loss is increased from 13.79% (2 h) to 20.78 % (48 h). SDS-PAGE of meat samples after 48 h of treatment shows a reduction in the intensity of actin and myosin bands in all variants with papain and vegetal extracts. Electrophoretic pattern of test samples depicts proteolysis and degradation of muscle proteins.
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Amarasinghe, Nimesha K., Indira Wickramasinghe, Isuru Wijesekara, Gayan Thilakarathna, and Sathsara T. Deyalage. "Functional, Physicochemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Flour and Cookies from Two Different Banana Varieties (Musa acuminata cv. Pisang awak and Musa acuminata cv. Red dacca)." International Journal of Food Science 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6681687.
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Banana (Musa acuminata) is grown abundantly in tropical and subtropical countries, and it is consumed as raw or processed. Banana is a significant source of nutrients, and it has been found to contain carbohydrates and other nutritional components. The present study was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition, antioxidant composition, and physicochemical properties of flour obtained from two different banana varieties (Musa acuminata cv. Pisang awak and Musa acuminata cv. Red dacca) and to evaluate the proximate composition and antioxidant composition of cookies prepared by incorporating both banana flours. Several sets of cookie samples were prepared separately by incorporating each banana flour where wheat flour and banana flour combinations were 85%-15%, 75%-25%, 70%-30%, and 0-100%. These samples were evaluated for sensory attributes, and two best cookie formulations were selected (70% wheat flour and 30% banana flour) for the analysis. Both Awak and Dacca had obtained similar amount of carbohydrates p < 0.05 while Dacca had recorded a higher amount of moisture, fat, protein, ash, and phytonutrients such as polyphenols, antioxidants, and flavonoids. Dacca flour had obtained higher values for physicochemical properties like water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC). L ∗ , a ∗ , and b ∗ values were evaluated for banana flour incorporated cookies. Lightness and the redness of cookies were prominent while yellowness was not prominent. There was no significant difference in texture parameters but hardness was higher in banana cookies as they contained a higher content of protein and fiber.
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Sowińska, Janina, Zenon Tański, Stanisław Milewski, Katarzyna Ząbek, Anna Wójcik, Przemysław Sobiech, and Josef Illek. "Effect of diet supplementation with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon stress response in slaughter lambs." Acta Veterinaria Brno 85, no. 2 (2016): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201685020177.
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The study included 2 groups of lambs (GL): control (C) and experimental (E) which since day 11 of life was receiving an addition of dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparation. At the age of 100 days, 12 lambs from each group were weaned from mothers for 12-h pre-slaughter fasting, and transported to a slaughter house. Blood was sampled for analyses: before weaning from mothers (BST 1), before and after transport (BST 2 and 3). Blood samples were assayed for: values of neutrophils and lymphocytes, N:L (neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio), cortisol and glucose. After 24-h chilling of lamb carcasses, musculus longissimus dorsi was subjected to measurements of final acidity (pH24) and colour (CIE Lab), and muscle samples were collected for evaluation of water absorption and shear force. The GL and BST had a significant effect on the N:L ratio. No significant differences were found in the cortisol concentration between groups of lambs. This indicator was significantly different in the analyzed blood sampling time (P < 0.01). In the entire period of pre-slaughter handling, in group C cortisol concentration increased × 8.5, whereas in group E it increased × 4.3 compared to the baseline value. In both groups, the study showed an increase (P < 0.01) in glucose concentration in BST 3 compared to BST 1 and BST 2. Meat of lambs from group E was characterized by lower (P < 0.05) values of pH24, WHC, SF, and indicator a*. The obtained results suggest the advisability of applying a preparation of dried brewer’s yeast in rearing slaughter lambs in order to strengthen their immunity and to alleviate effects of pre-slaughter stress.
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Kaur, Amanpreet, Prem Pal Johl, and Harpreet Singh Sodhi. "Evaluation of casing variables for cultivation of Agaricusbisporus strain U3 in Punjab, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1188.
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Casing is an important step during cultivation of button mushroom. It promotes a shift of vegetative mycelium to form pinheads leading to mature basidiocarps. Therefore, An experiment was planned at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in which farm yard manure (FYM), biogas slurry (BS), burnt rice husk (BRH), spent compost (SC), coir pith (CP) and sandy soil (SS) were used in six combinations to evaluate their impact on yield of Agaricusbisporus strain U3. Casing mixtures were analyzed for the moisture, water holding capacity (WHC), bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and mineral analysis. The moisture content of casing mixtures ranged between 33 to 56.3% with maximum in FYM+CP (1:1) and FYM+BS (1:1) which results in more water holding capacity with 160% and 100% for FYM+CP (1:1) and FYM+BS (1:1) respectively. The bulk density of different casing mixtures ranged between 33.3 to 83.3% and maximum for FYM+BS as well as the control FYM+SS (4:1). No significant variation in pH of casing mixture was observed while EC was significantly higher in FYM+BS (1:1) with 1.7 mmhos cm-1. Microbial count of different casing mixtures was between 3.0-5.7×105 which was statistically non-significant with respect to casing mixtures. A mixture of FYM+BRH (1:1) gave maximum yield of 15.1 kg with heavy fruit bodies. Number of fruiting bodies in casing mixture FYM+BRH (1:1) were 31.4, 26.4, 148.1,31.4 and 8.1 percent higher over FYM+CP (1:1), FYM+SC (1:1), FYM+BS (1:1), FYM and FYM+SS (4:1,control), respectively. The casing mixture FYM+BRH (1:1) with higher number of fruiting bodies with maximum fruiting bodies weight was the best alternate in mushroom growing industry.
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He, Jiawen, Xiangsheng Lin, Haoxin Yang, Ye Tian, Yuelei Zhao, Lifan Zhang, Wei Wei, and Jie Chen. "<i>UBXN1</i> is a strong candidate gene in regulation of pork water-holding capacity." Archives Animal Breeding 64, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-109-2021.
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Abstract. The UBX domain containing protein 1-like gene (UBXN1) promotes the degradation of myofibrillar proteins during meat maturation, which affects meat water-holding capacity (WHC). This study aims to identify functional mutations in UBXN1 promoter region, which affects the transcription activity and therefore the WHC. Firstly, we confirmed that the UBXN1 expression level was positively associated with WHC. Individuals with high and low WHC (n=16 per group) were selected from 168 Duroc × Large White × Yorkshire (D × L × Y) crossbred pigs. The UBXN1 promoter region was comparatively sequenced using DNA pools from these two groups, and a mutation ca. −379T > G was revealed that had reverse allele distribution. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was then genotyped in the abovementioned population. TT genotype individuals exhibited higher UBXN1 mRNA level and higher WHC compared with GG genotype ones. Further luciferase assay confirmed that TT genotype promoter had higher activity. Moreover, the degradation of cytoskeletal framework proteins of muscle cells like desmin, synemin, dystrophin, and vinculin was higher in TT genotype individuals than GG ones. In conclusion, we identified a SNP in the UBXN1 gene promoter that contributes to WHC improvement and pork quality. And UBXN1 is a strong candidate gene in regulation of pork WHC.
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Eakin, Hallie C., and Anthony Patt. "Are adaptation studies effective, and what can enhance their practical impact?" Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2, no. 2 (February 14, 2011): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.100.
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Hollmig, Klaus, Julie Stover, Giampaolo Talamo, Athanasios Fassas, Choon-Kee Lee, Elias Anaissie, Guido Tricot, and Bart Barlogie. "Bortezomib (Velcade™) + Adriamycin™ + Thalidomide + Dexamethasone (VATD) as an Effective Regimen in Patients with Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma (MM)." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2399.2399.
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Abstract Velcade™ (Vel) has shown promising activity as single agent and, more recently, in combination with other antimyeloma agents (dexamethasone, thalidomide) in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. We have now explored the efficacy and safety of adding Adriamycin™ 2.5–10.0mg/m2 continuous infusion on days 1–4 and days 9–12 to Velcade™ 1.0 or 1.3 mg/m2 administered on days 1, 4, 9 and 11; thalidomide 50 or 100 mg days 1–12; and dexamethasone 20 or 40 mg days 1–4 and 9–12 (VATD). The treatment was administered in an out-patient, ambulatory care setting to 20 patients. Of the 20 patients evaluable for toxicity, 14 are also evaluable for response. Patient characteristics are outlined in Table 1. Prior resistance to Velcade™-based treatment was demonstrated in 19 patients, with progressive disease in 13 and stable disease in 6. All patients have received systemic therapy immediately prior to the initiation of VATD, which included Vel + thal (7), VTD (5), DT-PACE (4), Revlimid (3), and dex + thal (1). Hematologic toxicities were dependent on the pre-VATD platelet count and WBC levels, as outlined in Table 2. Out of 14 evaluable patients, partial response (≤ 75% of serum M protein reduction, ≤ 75% of urinary M excretion) was obtained in 7 (50%); none had a complete response. Serum M protein decreased by a median of 57% (21–90%) and urine M decreased by a median of 93% (21–90%). Bone marrow follow-up examinations were available in 13 patients and revealed a median reduction in monoclonal plasmacytosis of 50% (range 33–94%); none had a normal bone marrow. Pre-VATD PET scans showed evidence of disease in 10 patients. Post VATD PET scans showed improvement in 5, stable disease in 1 and progressive disease in 4 patients. Our results are promising and demonstrate that administration of Adriamycin™ can be safely added to VTD, and that this addition does overcome the resistance to Velcade-based therapy even in metronomic doses. This approach is now being formally evaluated in a randomized trial comparing VTD alone versus added Adriamycin™ 2.5 mg/m2 on days 1–4 and 9–12 as a salvage protocol in patients with recurrent or progressive MM. Patient Characteristics Velcade 1.0 mg/m² Velcade 1.3 mg/m² Parameter Total Adria 2.5 mg/m² Adria 5 mg/m² Adria 10 mg/m² Adria 5 mg/m² 1: Autotransplant; 2: Thalidomide; 3: Velcade; 4: Velcade; Thalidomide, Dexamethasone N 20 7 10 1 2 % Age ≥ 65 14 14 60 100 0 % Abn Cytogen 55 43 60 100 50 % Prior Autotx1 85 86 80 100 100 % Prior Thal2 100 100 100 100 100 % Prior Vel³ 95 100 90 100 100 % Prior VTD[sup4] 45 71 20 100 50 % LDH > 190 U/l 55 57 60 100 0 Hematologic Toxicities Pre-Treatment Median WBC Nadir Platelet Count WBC < 2,000 WBC > 2,000 WBC < 2,000 WBC > 2,000 > 100k (n=6) 1 5 .65 2.07 50k-100k (n=9) 3 6 .94 1.73 < 50k (n=4) 1 3 1.98 3.44 Median Platelet Nadir > 100k 46,000 51,000 50K–100k 11,000 20,000 < 50K 36,000 47,000
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Baker, Kelly J. "NASPA's Annual Conference Celebrates 100 Years." Women in Higher Education 27, no. 5 (May 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/whe.20574.
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Nótás, Erika, K. Debreczeni, and K. Fischl. "Transformation of Nitrogen Fertilizers in Greenhouse Experiments." Agrokémia és Talajtan 51, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2002): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.51.2002.1-2.18.
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The primary (1 st year) and the after-effects (2 nd , 3 rd year) of N fertilizers (KNO 3 , NH 4 Cl) on the soil-plant-atmosphere system were studied in a three-year greenhouse pot experiment with and without maize plants. The two- and three-year balances of the fertilizer N uptake and gaseous N losses were also analyzed. The cumulative values of the gaseous losses showed a similar trend in all years, significant differences were not obtained. On the basis of the three-year balance, the gaseous loss in the planted and unplanted pots was 18-22% and about 37-39%, respectively. Consequently, there was a 50% decrease in denitrificated gaseous losses of fertilizer N due to plant N uptake. The cumulative gaseous loss, calculated by the difference method, was significantly higher in cases of KNO 3 applications than in NH 4 Cl treatments, as an assumed consequence of the intensive denitrification. It was found that the gaseous loss was not influenced by soil moisture. In contrast to the gaseous losses, the values of plant N uptake and soil mineral N content showed significant differences in the years studied, as a result of the quick transformation of mineral N to organic N, the non-complete homogenization of the total soil amount, the seasonal climatic differences in the greenhouse during the years studied, and consequently the different microbiological activity. The plant N uptake was found to depend significantly on the fertilizer N form. Results obtained by the difference method and the 15 N-tracer technique were very similar. In the case of KNO 3 treatment and higher soil moisture (WHC = 80%) plant N uptake was more intensive, ranging between 48-57% (calculated by the difference method), and 35-51% (calculated by the 15 N- tracer method) in the first year (1993). It can be concluded that 60-100% of the fertilizer N was used from the soil by plant uptake and gaseous losses, which depends mainly on the treatments and the soil moisture during the first year. These values changed between 7-17% in the 1 st year after-effect and between 1-5% in the 2 nd year after-effect.
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Velazquez, Adriana. "WHO Update Column." Global Clinical Engineering Journal 2 (April 26, 2020): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31354/globalce.v2i.100.
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Ben-Ezra, Jonathan, Linda Bork, and Richard A. McPherson. "Evaluation of the Sysmex UF-100 automated urinalysis analyzer." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.1.92.
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Abstract Urinalysis is a high-volume procedure that currently requires significant labor to examine microscopic sediment. We evaluated the Sysmex UF-100 automated urinalysis analyzer for performing this task. Instrument accuracy was assessed by comparing continuous counts of microscopic elements from the UF-100 with ranges of cells (per low-power field or high-power field) from manual microscopy performed on centrifuged urines. Counts showed good agreement between methods (gamma statistic: 0.880–0.970) for all microscopic elements in 252 urine samples. Within-run imprecision of cell counts expressed as CV (mean cell count/μL) was for erythrocytes (RBC) 31% (5), 18% (50), 2.4% (800); for leukocytes (WBC) 14% (10), 11% (100), 8.5% (400); for squamous epithelial cells (SEC) 18% (5), 12% (30), 7.0% (100); for casts 45% (1), 17% (4); for bacteria 2–12% (entire range of 40–2500). Between-run imprecision on quality-control cell suspensions expressed as CV (mean cell count/μL) was for RBC 6.1% (50), 2.7% (256); for WBC 26.9% (54), 4.9% (228). Cells counted on dilution were 99.1% of expected for RBC, 102.0% for WBC, and 121.8% for bacteria. Carryover was <0.04% for RBC, <0.03% for WBC, <0.14% for SEC, <0.29% for bacteria. We conclude that the UF-100 can automatically perform reliable quantitative microscopic urinalysis in batches without operator interaction.
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Vasiljeva, Ekaterina V. "SYMBOLISM OF THE GARDEN IN G. K. CHESTERTON’S NOVEL «THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY»." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология, no. 1 (2016): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2016-1-100-105.
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Benavides, Adán. "At the Heart of Texas: 100 Years of the Texas State Historical Association, 1897–1997." Western Historical Quarterly 40, no. 1 (February 2009): 99.1–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/40.1.99.
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Lenton, Timothy M. "Beyond 2°C: redefining dangerous climate change for physical systems." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2, no. 3 (March 10, 2011): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.107.
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Medlyn, Belinda E., Remko A. Duursma, and Melanie J. B. Zeppel. "Forest productivity under climate change: a checklist for evaluating model studies." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2, no. 3 (March 7, 2011): 332–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.108.
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Azar, Christian. "Biomass for energy: a dream come true…or a nightmare?" Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2, no. 3 (March 16, 2011): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.109.
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