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Journal articles on the topic 'Wheat – Double cropping'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shapiro, B. I., B. Wade Brorsen, and D. Howard Doster. "Adoption of Double-Cropping Soybeans and Wheat." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 24, no. 2 (December 1992): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200018355.

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AbstractDouble-cropping of soybeans and wheat is often promoted by extension personnel. This paper seeks to explain how the decision to adopt double-cropping is made, using a Tobit regression model. Tobit makes use of more of the information in the data set than do logit or probit and explains not only the decision to double-crop but also the rate of adoption. The paper considers factors such as profit and risk perceptions and risk which have not been included in the past models used to explain adoption of technology. The results show that risk perception is important. Contrary to the findings of some other adoption studies, this decision in not influenced by human capital factors. The farmers who double-crop are more highly leveraged and appear to do so both to achieve higher income and as part of a risk diversification strategy. This is consistent with the importance of the location factor, measured as the average number of growing degree days at the farm's location. Growing degree days is a proxy for the actual distribution of returns from double-cropping and is the main factor explaining this decision. Extensive adoption of double-cropping in cooler regions of the Midwest must await technological advances that can increase the profitability of double-cropping by reducing the growing season for wheat and/or beans.

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2

JACQUES, S., R. K. BACON, and L. D. PARSCH. "COMPARISON OF SINGLE CROPPING, RELAY CROPPING AND DOUBLE CROPPING OF SOYABEANS WITH WHEAT USING CULTIVAR BLENDS." Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (October 1997): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479797004043.

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Comparisons of single cropping, double cropping and relay cropping of soyabeans (Glycine max) with wheat (Triticum aestivum) were made at two sites in Arkansas over a two-year period. The comparisons were made using both soyabean blends and their component cultivars. In relay cropping the yields of pure lines of soyabeans were reduced by 17% compared with single-cropped soyabeans, but the yield of wheat in relay cropping was 15% less than in double cropping. Double cropping reduced the branch number, plant height, node number and leaf area of soyabeans compared with single cropping, but relay cropping reduced only node number and leaf area. Both double cropping and relay cropping gave greater land equivalent ratio (LER) values than single cropping, and double cropping gave greater LER values than relay cropping. Net returns were lowest with single cropping and greatest with double cropping. Soyabean blends gave yields similar to the mean of the component genotypes in all three cropping systems, and the net returns of blends were similar to those of the means of component genotypes.

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3

L. H. Chen and R. W. McClendon. "Soybean and Wheat Double Cropping Simulation Model." Transactions of the ASAE 28, no. 1 (1985): 065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32203.

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4

Jiao, P., D. Xu, S. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Liu, and G. Tang. "Nitrogen loss by surface runoff from different cropping systems." Soil Research 50, no. 1 (2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11152.

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Reducing nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural soils as surface runoff is essential to prevent surface water contamination. The objective of 3-year study, 2007–09, was to evaluate surface runoff and N loss from different cropping systems. There were four treatments, including one single-crop cropping system with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by summer fallow (wheat/fallow), and three double-cropping systems: winter wheat/corn (Zea mays L.), wheat/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and wheat/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). The wheat/fallow received no fertiliser in the summer fallow period. The four cropping systems were randomly assigned to 12 plots of 5 m by 2 m on a silty clay soil. Lower runoff was found in the three double-cropping systems than the wheat/fallow, with the lowest runoff from the wheat/soybean. The three double-cropping systems also substantially reduced losses of ammonium-N (NH4+-N), nitrate-N (NO3–-N), dissolved N (DN), and total N (TN) compared with the wheat/fallow. Among the three double-cropping systems, the highest losses of NO3–-N, DN, and TN were from the wheat/cotton, and the lowest losses were from the wheat/soybean. However, the wheat/soybean increased NO3–-N and DN concentrations compared with wheat/fallow. The losses in peak events accounted for >64% for NH4+-N, 58% for NO3–-N, and 41% for DN of the total losses occurring during the 3-year experimental period, suggesting that peak N-loss events should be focussed on for the control of N loss as surface runoff from agricultural fields.

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5

Karimov, Akmal Kh, Munir A. Hanjra, Jiří Šimůnek, and Botir Abdurakhmannov. "Can a change in cropping patterns produce water savings and social gains: A case study from the Fergana Valley, Central Asia." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0054.

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AbstractThe study examines possible water savings by replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley, located upstream of the Syrdarya River in Central Asia. Agricultural reforms since the 1990s have promoted this change in cropping patterns in the Central Asian states to enhance food security and social benefits. The water use of alfalfa, winter wheat/fallow, and winter wheat/green gram (double cropping) systems is compared for high-deficit, low-deficit, and full irrigation scenarios using hydrological modeling with the HYDRUS-1D software package. Modeling results indicate that replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley released significant water resources, mainly by reducing productive crop transpiration when abandoning alfalfa in favor of alternative cropping systems. However, the winter wheat/fallow cropping system caused high evaporation losses from fallow land after harvesting of winter wheat. Double cropping (i.e., the cultivation of green gram as a short duration summer crop after winter wheat harvesting) reduced evaporation losses, enhanced crop output and hence food security, while generating water savings that make more water available for other productive uses. Beyond water savings, this paper also discusses the economic and social gains that double cropping produces for the public within a broader developmental context.

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6

Wang, Guoping, Yabing Li, Yingchun Han, Zhanbiao Wang, Beifang Yang, Xiaofei Li, and Lu Feng. "Resource use efficiency in a cotton-wheat double-cropping system in the Yellow River Valley of China." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 3 (May 5, 2020): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447972000006x.

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AbstractThe cotton-wheat double-cropping system is widely used in the Yellow River Valley of China, but whether and how different planting patterns within cotton-wheat double-cropping systems impact heat and light use efficiency have not been well documented. A field experiment investigated the effects of the cropping system on crop productivity and the capture and use efficiency of heat and light in two fields differing in soil fertility. Three planting patterns, namely cotton intercropped with wheat (CIW), cotton directly seeded after wheat (CDW), and cotton transplanted after wheat (CTW), as well as one cotton monoculture (CM) system were used. Cotton-wheat double cropping significantly increased crop productivity and land equivalent ratios relative to the CM system in both fields. As a result of increased growing degree days (GDD), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), and photothermal product (PTP), the capture of light and heat in the double-cropping systems was compared with that in the CM system in both fields. With improved resource capture, the double-cropping systems exhibited a higher light and heat use efficiency according to thermal product efficiency, solar energy use efficiency (Eu), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and PTP use efficiency (PTPU). The cotton lint yield and biomass were not significantly correlated with RUE across cropping patterns, indicating that RUE does not limit cotton production. Among the double-cropping treatments, CDW had the lowest GDD, IPAR, and PTP values but the highest heat and light resource use efficiency and highest overall resource use efficiency. This good performance was even more obvious in the high-fertility field. Therefore, we encourage the expanded use of CDW in the Yellow River Valley, especially in fields with high fertility, given the high productivity and resource use efficiency of this system. Moreover, the use of agronomic practices involving a reasonably close planting density, optimized irrigation and nutrient supply, and the application of new short-season varieties of cotton or wheat can potentially enhance CDW crop yields and productivity.

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7

Dong, Shi Wei, Dan Feng Sun, and Hong Li. "Crop Decision Tree Classification Extraction Based on MODIS NDVI in Beijing." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.787.

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Time-series satellite images can reflect the seasonal variation from vegetation on land surface. Single cropping and double cropping were extracted by decision tree classification based on MODIS NDVI of Beijing in 2007, and spatial distribution of dominant crops in Beijing was obtained. The dominant crops of single cropping were maize, wheat and vegetable, and the overwhelming majority of crops with double cropping were wheat-maize. The results showed that this method could effectively determine the dominated crops in Beijing.

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8

C. E. Hood, A. Khalilian, J. H. Palmer, T. H. Garner, T. R. Garrett, and J. C. Hayes. "Double-Cropping Interseeding System for Wheat, Soybeans, and Cotton." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 7, no. 5 (1991): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26263.

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9

Russell, JS, and PN Jones. "Continuous, alternate and double crop systems on a Vertisol in subtropical Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 7 (1996): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960823.

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Three cropping systems using 5 crop species were compared over a 10-year period on a cracking clay soil (Vertisol) in the sub-humid subtropics of eastern Australia. The 3 cropping systems were continuous (the same crop every year), alternate (the same crop every second year) and double (a winter and summer crop in the one year). There were 2 cereal crops (sorghum and wheat) and 3 grain legumes (chickpea, green gram and black gram). The effect of cropping system was measured in terms of grain and protein yields and changes in soil organic carbon (surface 0-10 cm) and nitrogen concentrations. Summer and winter rainfall was below average in 8 and 5 years out of 10, respectively. Grain yield of cereal monocultures was about twice that of legume monocultures. The potential for double cropping, despite the generally below-average rainfall, was clearly shown with the highest grain and protein yields coming from the combination of green gram (summer) and wheat (winter). Averaged over 10 years, wheat yield (1460 kg/ha. year) was identical in the continuous and alternate cropping systems. Sorghum yields were marginally higher with alternate cropping (1340 kg/ha. year) than continuous cropping (1050 kg/ha. year). With double cropping, average wheat yields were 1081 and 698 kg/ha when combined with green and black gram, respectively. Black gram gave half the average yield of either green gram or chickpea (about 300 v. 600 kg/ha). This was attributed to the indeterminate nature of the crop in an environment with variable rainfall and to the detrimental effect of above-average rainfall during harvest time. Soil nitrogen and carbon levels, with initial values of 0.22 and 2.96%, were reduced at the end of 10 years by 16 and 27% respectively. Their rate of decline did not differ between cropping systems.

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10

Wang, Lin, Yingxing Zhao, Mahdi Al-Kaisi, Jia Yang, Yuanquan Chen, and Peng Sui. "Effects of Seven Diversified Crop Rotations on Selected Soil Health Indicators and Wheat Productivity." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020235.

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Diversified cropping systems can enhance soil condition and increase system productivity worldwide. To reduce the negative effects that accompany the continuous winter wheat–summer maize (WM) double-cropping in the North China Plain (NCP), diversified crop rotation (DCR) needs to be considered. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of DCR on soil health and wheat productivity as compared to a continuous WM double-cropping. A field experiment (37°41′ N, 116°37′ E) was established in the NCP including a traditional WM double-cropping as a baseline. During 2016/2017–2017/2018, the control is winter wheat–summer maize→winter wheat–summer maize (WM→WM) and seven DCRs as follow: fallow→winter wheat–summer maize (F→WM); spring maize→winter wheat–summer maize (Ms→WM); winter wheat→winter wheat–summer maize (W→WM); sweet potato→winter wheat–summer maize (Psw→WM); spring peanut→winter wheat–summer maize (Pns→WM); winter wheat–summer peanut→winter wheat–summer maize (WPn→WM) and potato–silage maize→winter wheat–summer maize (PMl→WM). Our results indicated that DCRs significantly changed certain soil health indicators in 2016/2017 compared with the control, where F→WM rotation significantly decreased soil pH by 2.7%. The DCRs, especial Psw→WM and Pns→WM rotations showed a potential positive effect on soil health indicators at the end of the second year (2017/2018) compared with the control, where sweet potato increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), urease activity (UA) and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in 2017/2018 by 5.1%, 5.3%, 13.8%, 9.4%, and 13.5%, respectively. With the spring peanut, TN, AP, and soil APA were increased by 2.1%, 13.2%, and 7.7%, respectively. Although fertilizer and irrigation input of DCRs were lower than the control, no significant decrease was observed on actual wheat yield as compared to the control (7.79 Mg/ha). The finding of this study highlights the value of DCRs, especially, Psw→WM and Pns→WM rotations over WM double-cropping in the NCP.

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11

Ren, Xiujuan, Sumei Yao, Runqing Wang, Dafu Wu, and Shilin Chen. "The Status and Countermeasure of Nitrate Pollution Under Double Cropping Systems in China." Open Biotechnology Journal 9, no. 1 (November 12, 2015): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701509010250.

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The multiple cropping is the main agricultural production pattern, including double cropping of rice in south China and double cropping of wheat and corn in north China. Household investigation, typical farmland survey and county statistics inspection were performed to analyze the status and countermeasure of nitrate pollution in China. The result showed that the nitrate rate of underground water was slowly increased, but it was not above the standard of WHO. Under the multiple cropping of winter wheat-summer corn, the nitrate level of irrigation well water had raised year after year since 1991. Some countermeasures should be taken to avoid the nitrate content of underground water, such as increasing the fertilizer use efficiency by taking agronomic measures, according to the local conditions, a reasonable allocation and application of fertilizer and others.

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12

Liu, Meiying, Leilei Min, Yanjun Shen, and Lin Wu. "Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Cropping Systems on Groundwater Consumption and Nitrate Leaching in the Piedmont Area of the North China Plain." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111635.

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The overexploitation of groundwater and the excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer under the intensive double cropping system are responsible for the groundwater level decline and potential contamination in the North China Plain (NCP). Alternative cropping systems have the potential to alleviate current groundwater and N problems in the region, while there are limited studies simultaneously focusing on the impact of a change of cropping systems on crop yields, groundwater consumption, and N leaching. In this study, Field observed experiments of double-cropping system (i.e., winter wheat–summer maize) and mono-cropping system (early sowing maize) were used to calibrate and validate the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2). Then, the validated RZWQM2 model was used to evaluate the long-term crop growth and environmental impact under the local winter wheat–summer maize rotation system with practical irrigation (WW-SM_pi) and auto-irrigation (WW-SM_ai), and three alternative cropping systems (single early maize, SEM; winter wheat–summer maize and single early maize, WW-SM-SEM; winter wheat-summer maize and double single early maize, WW-SM-2SEM). The net consumption of groundwater and N leaching under WW-SM_pi were 226.9 mm yr−1 and 79.7 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Under the local rotation system, auto-irrigation could increase crop yields and N leaching. Compared with the WW-SM_ai, the alternative cropping systems, WW-SM-SEM, WW-SM-2SEM, and SEM, significantly decreased the net consumption of groundwater by 49.3%, 63.0%, and 97.8%, respectively (147.5–292.9 mm), and N leaching by 53.5%, 67.5%, and 89.6%, respectively (50.0–83.7 kg ha−1). However, the yields of the three alternative cropping systems were reduced by less than 30% (12.2%, 20.1%, and 29.7%, respectively). The simulated results indicated that appropriately decreasing the planting frequency of winter wheat is an effective approach to reduce groundwater overexploitation and N contamination with a relatively limited reduction in grain yields. The results could provide a scientific basis for cropping system adjustment in guaranteeing sustainable regional water and grain policy.

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13

Pullins, Emily E., and Robert L. Myers. "Agronomic and economic performance of wheat and canola-based double-crop systems." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, no. 3 (September 1998): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007803.

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AbstractDouble-cropping provides a method of diversifying the rotation, maximizing production, and increasing the profit potential of a cropping system. We assessed agronomic and economic performance of five alternative crops in comparison to the no-till wheat-soybean double-cropping system prevalent in the southern Corn Belt. Canola has shown potential as a profitable winter crop, but its effects on the subsequent crop in a no-till double-crop system required further study. Amaranth, buckwheat, sunflower, and pearl millet were planted after the harvest of canola or wheat, or after fallow. Alternative double-crop grain yield, production costs, and net returns were compared with those of double-crop soybean.Wheat yielded more than canola. Sunflower grain yields did not differ significantly after winter-crop treatments at any site. Yields of amaranth, buckwheat, soybean, and pearl millet differed after winter crops at some sites. At three study yield levels, net returns were positive and greatest for double-crop wheat-amaranth, canola-amaranth, wheat-sunflower, and canola-sunflower systems. All double-crop systems except canolapearl millet had positive net returns at median study yield levels. Low or negative net returns resulted from the combination of low yield and low price for some double crops. Canola was shown to be an economically feasible alternative to wheat in a doublecropping system for central and southern Missouri. Buckwheat and sunflower were shown to be agronomically and economically competitive alternatives to soybean following either canola or winter wheat, with buckwheat most valuable in late-season planting conditions.

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Sandler, Leah, Kelly A. Nelson, and Christopher Dudenhoeffer. "Winter Wheat Row Spacing and Alternative Crop Effects on Relay-Intercrop, Double-Crop, and Wheat Yields." International Journal of Agronomy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/369243.

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In Missouri as well as much of the Midwest, the most popular double-cropping system was winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) followed by soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr). These two crops can also be used in an intercrop system, but optimal row spacing was important to increase crop productivity. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) winter wheat inter- and double-crop production systems, using a variety of alternative crops, and (2) the impact of different wheat row spacings on intercrop establishment and yields within the various cropping systems. Field research was conducted during droughts in 2012 and 2013. Spacing of wheat rows impacted wheat yields by 150 kg ha−1, as well as yields of the alternative crops. Narrower row spacings (150 kg ha−1) and the double-crop system (575 kg ha−1) increased yield due to the lack of interference for resources with wheat in 2013. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values determining productivity of intercrop systems of 19 and 38 cm row showed an advantage for alternative crops in 2013, but not 2012. This signified that farmers in Northeast Missouri could potentially boost yield potential for a given field and produce additional forage or green manure yields in a year with less severe drought.

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15

Cunfer, Barry M., G. David Buntin, and Daniel V. Phillips. "Effect of Crop Rotation on Take-all of Wheat in Double-Cropping Systems." Plant Disease 90, no. 9 (September 2006): 1161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1161.

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Take-all of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, became a serious problem with the widespread adoption of wheat:soybean double-cropping and minimum tillage farming systems in the southeastern United States during the past 30 years. A long-term crop rotation study was initiated in 1994 with 12 double-cropping sequences incorporating wheat, rye, or canola as the fall-planted crop and soybean or grain pearl millet as the summer crop. Cotton and fallow were included in some summer rotations during the last 2 years of the study. The purpose was to identify sustainable alternatives to the continuous wheat:soybean system that would provide acceptable management of take-all. G. graminis var. tritici cultured on autoclaved oats was incorporated into soil prior to planting the first season's crop. Take-all was severe in rotations with continuous wheat each year. Pearl millet was compatible with the cropping system but did not affect incidence or severity of take-all in a following wheat crop. Soybean or pearl millet had little effect on yield loss due to take-all in a subsequent wheat crop. A 1-year rotation with canola significantly reduced take-all incidence and severity. At the end of the second and third seasons, in those rotations where wheat followed 1 year of canola, wheat grain yield was the same as that in control plots that had little or no take-all. Two consecutive years of canola did not suppress take-all or improve wheat yields any more than a single year of canola between wheat crops. Seedling assays for take-all incidence and severity in growth chambers were conducted using soil collected twice each year near the end of each crop's growing season. Results were similar to those observed in the field. However, canola in the rotation had a greater effect in suppressing disease severity than disease incidence. Canola can be a valuable rotational crop for management of take-all in wheat in the southeastern United States.

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16

Caviglia, Octavio P., Victor O. Sadras, and Fernando H. Andrade. "Yield and Quality of Wheat and Soybean in Sole- and Double-Cropping." Agronomy Journal 103, no. 4 (July 2011): 1081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0019.

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17

Hare, Andrew T., David L. Jordan, Keith L. Edmisten, Ramon G. Leon, Angela R. Post, Rachel Vann, E. James Dunphy, Ronnie Heiniger, Guy Collins, and Derek Washburn. "Response of agronomic crops to planting date and double‐cropping with wheat." Agronomy Journal 112, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 1972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20164.

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18

Crabtree, R. J., J. D. Prater, and P. Mbolda. "Long‐Term Wheat, Soybean, and Grain Sorghum Double‐Cropping under Rainfed Conditions." Agronomy Journal 82, no. 4 (July 1990): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200040007x.

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19

Zixi, Zhu, B. A. Stewart, and Fu Xiangjun. "Double cropping wheat and corn in a sub-humid region of China." Field Crops Research 36, no. 3 (March 1994): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90109-0.

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20

Stone, Jon C., Thomas F. Peeper, and Amanda E. Stone. "Rotational Cropping Systems to Reduce Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Densities." Weed Technology 20, no. 2 (June 2006): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-107r1.1.

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In the Southern Great Plains, producers of hard red winter wheat seek sustainable methods for controlling cheat and improving economic returns. Experiments were conducted at two sites in north-central Oklahoma to determine the effect of cheat management programs, with various weed control strategies, on cheat densities and total net returns. The cheat management programs, initiated following harvest of winter wheat, included conventionally tilled, double-crop grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.) followed by soybean (Glycine maxL.); and continuous winter wheat. Rotating out of winter wheat for one growing season increased yield of succedent wheat up to 32% and 42% at Billings and Ponca City, respectively. Dockage due to cheat in the succedent wheat was reduced up to 78% and 87% by rotating out of winter wheat for one growing season at Billings and Ponca City, respectively. Cheat management programs including a crop rotation with herbicides applied to the grain sorghum, except for an application of atrazine + metolachlor at Ponca City, improved total net returns over the nontreated continuous wheat option. Cheat panicles in the succedent wheat were reduced up to 87% by rotation out of winter wheat for one growing season.

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21

Zhang, W. J., X. J. Wang, M. G. Xu, S. M. Huang, H. Liu, and C. Peng. "Soil organic carbon dynamics under long-term fertilizations in arable land of northern China." Biogeosciences 7, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010.

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Abstract. Soil carbon sequestration is a complex process influenced by agricultural practices, climate and soil conditions. This paper reports a study of long-term fertilization impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamic from six long-term experiments. The experiment sites are located from warm-temperate zone with a double-cropping system of corn (Zea mays L.) – wheat (Triticum Aestivium L.) rotation, to mild-temperate zones with mono-cropping systems of continuous corn, or a three-year rotation of corn-wheat-wheat. Mineral fertilizer applications result in an increasing trend in SOC except in the arid and semi-arid areas with the mono-cropping systems. Additional manure application is important to maintain SOC level in the arid and semi-arid areas. Carbon conversion rate is significant lower in the warm-temperate zone with double cropping system (6.8%–7.7%) than that in the mild-temperate areas with mono-cropping systems (15.8%–31.0%). The conversion rate is significantly correlated with annual precipitation and active accumulative temperature, i.e., higher conversion rate under lower precipitation and/or temperature conditions. Moreover, soil high in clay content has higher conversion rate than soils low in clay content. Soil carbon sequestration rate ranges from 0.07 to 1.461 t ha−1 year−1 in the upland of northern China. There is significantly linear correlation between soil carbon sequestration and carbon input at most sites, indicating that these soils are not carbon-saturated thus have potential to migrate more CO2 from atmosphere.

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22

Yao, Zonglu, Hongwen Li, Huanwen Gao, Xiaoyan Wang, and Jin He. "Crop performance as affected by three opening configurations for no-till seeder in annual double cropping regions of northern China." Soil Research 47, no. 8 (2009): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08052.

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The furrow opening configuration used by no-till seeders can have a major effect on crop emergence in conservation tillage systems. This is particularly important in annual double-cropping regions (winter wheat and summer maize) of northern China where large volumes of residue remain on the soil surface after maize harvesting. This problem has been investigated using 3 different opening configurations for no-till wheat seeding near Beijing in 2004–05 and 2005–06, and assessing performance in terms of soil disturbance, residue cover index, soil cone index, fuel consumption, winter wheat emergence, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In this cropping system, the single-disc opening configuration significantly decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared with the combined strip-chop and strip-till opening configurations, but winter wheat emergence was 6–9% less, probably due to greater levels of residue cover and greater seed zone soil cone index. Winter wheat growth after seeding in combined strip-chop and strip-till seeded plots was faster than that in single-disc seeded plots and mean yield was greater. The most suitable furrow opening configuration in heavy residue cover conditions appeared to be the strip-chop one, which can provide similar crop performance with marginally better fuel economy than the strip-till opening configuration. These results should be seen as preliminary, but they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till wheat seeders for double cropping in this region of China.

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23

Quanqi, Li, Chen Yuhai, Zhou Xunbo, Yu Songlie, and Guo Changcheng. "Effect of Irrigation to Winter Wheat on the Radiation Use Efficiency and Yield of Summer Maize in a Double Cropping System." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/476272.

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In north China, double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize is a widely adopted agricultural practice, and irrigation is required to obtain a high yield from winter wheat, which results in rapid aquifer depletion. In this experiment conducted in 2001-2002, 2002-2003, and 2004-2005, we studied the effects of irrigation regimes during specific winter wheat growing stage with winter wheat and summer maize double cropping systems; we measured soil moisture before sowing (SMBS), the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) capture ratio, grain yield, and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) of summer maize. During the winter wheat growing season, irrigation was applied at the jointing, heading, or milking stage, respectively. The results showed that increased amounts of irrigation and irrigation later in the winter wheat growing season improved SMBS for summer maize. The PAR capture ratio significantly (LSD,P<0.05) increased with increased SMBS, primarily in the 3 spikes leaves. With improved SMBS, both the grain yield and RUE increased in all the treatments. These results indicate that winter wheat should be irrigated in later stages to achieve reasonable grain yield for both crops.

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Yang, Jia, Jixiao Cui, Ziqin Lv, Mengmeng Ran, Beibei Sun, Peng Sui, and Yuanquan Chen. "Will Maize-Based Cropping Systems Reduce Water Consumption without Compromise of Food Security in the North China Plain?" Water 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102946.

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The winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system caused overexploitation of groundwater in the North China Plain; it is unsustainable and threatens food security and the overall wellbeing of humankind in the region. Finding water-saving cropping systems without compromising food security is a more likely solution. In this study, six alternative cropping systems’ water conservation and food supply capacity were compared simultaneously. A combined water footprint method was applied to analyze the cropping systems’ water consumption. The winter wheat–summer maize system had the largest water consumption (16,585 m3/ha on average), followed by the potato/spring maize, spinach–spring maize, rye–spring maize, vetch–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize and mono-spring maize cropping systems. For the groundwater, the spinach–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize systems showed a higher degree of synchronization between crop growth period and rainfall, which could reduce use of groundwater by 36.8%, 54.4% and 57.6%, respectively. For food supply capacity, the values for spinach–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize systems were 73.0%, 60.8% and 48.4% of winter wheat–summer maize, respectively, but they showed a better feeding efficiency than the winter wheat–summer maize system. On the whole, spinach–spring maize may be a good option to prevent further decline in groundwater level and to ensure food security in a sustainable way.

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Pecetti, Luciano, and Lamberto Borrelli. "Wheat yield as a measure of the residual fertility after 20 years of forage cropping systems with different manure management in Northern Italy." Italian Journal of Agronomy 14, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2019.1359.

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After 20 years of application of different manure types, cropping systems and additional nitrogen (N) levels, their residual fertility effects were compared by measuring the yield of a following unfertilised wheat crop (Experiment 1), which was sown on exactly the same plots of the previous long-term trial. All previously applied factors caused significant differences in wheat yield. Wheat yielded more on plots that had received farmyard manure (FMY) compared to those where semi-liquid manure (SLM) was previously applied. Long-term application of a semi-intensive rotation, with three years of annual double cropping of autumnsown Italian ryegrass and spring-sown silage maize followed by three years of mown lucerne (R6), resulted in higher wheat yield than application of just the annual double cropping of Italian ryegrass and silage maize (R1). Application of further mineral N fertilisation to previous cropping systems caused higher yield of the subsequent wheat crop. The difference in wheat yield between the R6 and R1 systems was greater with SLM (+28%) than FYM application (+11%) resulting in a significant manure × system interaction. A companion experiment (Experiment 2) was carried out to compute the nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) from the yield of wheat plots that were sown after ploughing a nearby 20- year unfertilised grassland and received four levels of mineral N fertilisation. NAE was further used to empirically estimate the productive advantage (PA) conferred by previous manure-systemmineral nitrogen combinations in the long-term trial. PA was measured as equivalent kg of mineral N to be applied to wheat to achieve the yield level recorded after any previous combination. The estimated PA values were much higher when wheat followed FYM compared to SLM application, and when it followed R6 compared to R1 system. The SLM-R1 combination had negative PA values, indicating a productive disadvantage on wheat of this preceding combination. The enhancement of residual soil fertility by long-term application of FYM compared to SLM could be attributed to greater nutrient provision during the years by FYM than by SLM. However, further fertility advantages of FYM are discussed. Despite lower nutrient supply by organic fertilisers in R6 than in R1 system, the former had higher residual fertility. The presence of lucerne in the R6 rotation likely enriched the soil in nitrogen and increased its availability for following cropping. Possible benefits of the legume on the soil suppressiveness might have been a further asset of the R6 system.

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Qiu, Shaojun, Xiaotang Ju, Xing Lu, Ling Li, Joachim Ingwersen, Thilo Streck, Peter Christie, and Fusuo Zhang. "Improved Nitrogen Management for an Intensive Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Double‐cropping System." Soil Science Society of America Journal 76, no. 1 (January 2012): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0156.

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DU, Ming-wei, Xiao-ming REN, Xiao-li TIAN, Liu-sheng DUAN, Ming-cai ZHANG, Wei-ming TAN, and Zhao-hu LI. "Evaluation of Harvest Aid Chemicals for the Cotton-Winter Wheat Double Cropping System." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 12, no. 2 (February 2013): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60226-9.

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Fang, Q., L. Ma, Q. Yu, R. W. Malone, S. A. Saseendran, and L. R. Ahuja. "Modeling Nitrogen and Water Management Effects in a Wheat-Maize Double-Cropping System." Journal of Environmental Quality 37, no. 6 (November 2008): 2232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0601.

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Zhao, Zhigan, Xin Qin, Enli Wang, Peter Carberry, Yinghua Zhang, Shunli Zhou, Xiying Zhang, Chunsheng Hu, and Zhimin Wang. "Modelling to increase the eco-efficiency of a wheat–maize double cropping system." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 210 (December 2015): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.05.005.

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Qin, Shuping, Yuying Wang, Chunsheng Hu, Oene Oenema, Xiaoxin Li, Yuming Zhang, and Wenxu Dong. "Yield-scaled N2O emissions in a winter wheat–summer corn double-cropping system." Atmospheric Environment 55 (August 2012): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.077.

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Du, Xiangbei, Binglin Chen, Tianyao Shen, Yuxiao Zhang, and Zhiguo Zhou. "Effect of cropping system on radiation use efficiency in double-cropped wheat–cotton." Field Crops Research 170 (January 2015): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.09.013.

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Khodayari, Khosro, Robert E. Frans, and Khalid H. Akkari. "Evaluation of Chlorsulfuron in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and in a Wheat-Soybean (Glycine max) Double-Cropping System." Weed Science 33, no. 5 (September 1985): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083223.

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Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was evaluated for weed control in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and for residual effect on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] following wheat. Chlorsulfuron applied at 72 g ai/ha and less did not injure or reduce grain yields of ‘Double-Cropped’ wheat. Postemergence tank mixtures of chlorsulfuron at 36 g/ha with diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 1 kg/ha were more effective than other treatments for control of wild garlic (Allium vinealeL. ♯ ALLVI). ‘Forrest’ soybeans did not show any injury from chlorsulfuron residue even at rates of 72 g/ha when it was no-till seeded following winter wheat.

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Thiessen Martens, Joanne R., and Martin H. Entz. "Availability of late-season heat and water resources for relay and double cropping with winter wheat in prairie Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-105.

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Long-term weather data for 21 sites across Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta were analyzed to evaluate the availability of late-season heat and water resources between time of winter wheat maturity and freeze-up. Thermal time during this period ranged from 159 to 754 growing degree days; precipitation ranged from 42 to 152 mm. Southern Manitoba appears to be best suited to relay and double cropping. Southern Saskatchewan receives significant thermal energy; however, lack of precipitation may limit late season plant growth. Key words: Legumes, no-till, cropping system intensity

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Herridge, DF, and JF Holland. "Production of summer crops in northern New South Wales. I. Effects of tillage and double cropping on growth, grain and N yields of six crops." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920105.

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The effects of tillage practice and double cropping on growth, yield and N economies of summer crops were examined in field experiments near Tamworth, northern New South Wales. Sorghum, sunflower, soybean, mungbean, cowpea and pigeon pea were sown into alkaline, black earth soils which contained either high (Site A, sown January 1983), moderate (Site B, sown December 1983), or low concentrations of nitrate (Site C, sown December 1984). During the previous winters, the land had been sown to wheat (double crop) or fallowed using cultivation or no-tillage practices. At Sites A and B, dry matter yields, averaged over all crops, were increased by 34 and 14% under no-tillage. Average increases in grain yields at the two sites were 22 and 11%. At Site C, tillage practice did not affect yields. Soybean showed the greatest responses to no-tillage. Increases in grain yields were 46, 15 and 18% for Sites A, B and C respectively. The least responsive legume was mungbean. Yields of sorghum were increased by 41% at Site A; responses at Sites B and C ranged between a 9% decrease and a 7% increase. With double cropping, grain yields were, on average, 18 (Site A), 81 (Site B) and 72% (Site C) of the yields in the cultivated (fallow) plots. However, when comparisons were made for the 12 month periods, i.e. wheat and summer crops v. fallow and summer crops, production was more than doubled at Site B and tripled at Site C, compared with the cultivated fallow. Significant in the responses to double cropping were the 192 (Site B) and 230 mm rainfalls (Site C) during November and December that replenished the soil profile with water to a depth of >0.75 m. Assessments of soybean N2 fixation using the ureide method indicated large effects of site and season on the proportion of plant N derived from N2 fixation (range, 0-0.83), on the amount of N2 fixed (range, 0-233 kg N ha-1) and on the N balance as a result of the cropping (range, -69 to +45 kg N ha-1).

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Ahmad, A., Z. I. Ahmed, M. Shehzad, I. Aziz, K. S. Khan, M. Shoaib, T. Mehmood, and K. Mubeen. "Water Efficient Cropping Systems for Semi-Arid Regions in Pakistan." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0048.

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Abstract Water scarcity and land degradation are emerging threats to global food production. The dry land regions of world are affected by climate change to a greater extent and facing food insecurity. The current pattern of food production has been estimated to be inadequate to meet demands of growing population and required around 38% increase to meet world`s food demands by 2025. Food insecurity in erosion hit dry land regions of Pakistan also demands development of resource-efficient cropping systems to meet the food needs of population growing. The research studies involved different cropping patterns such as fallow-wheat, mungbean-wheat, sorghum-wheat, fallow-lentil, mungbean-lentil, sorghum-lentil, fallow-barley, mungbean-barley and sorghum-barley. The organic amendments involved farmyard manure, NPK, poultry manure, compost and inoculation by phosphorus solubilizing microbes. The effect of cropping systems and soil amendments were evaluated at field scale in terms of water use efficiency measured in terms of economic terms. The results of the studies revealed that double cropping (mungbean-lentil and mungbean-barley) was feasible option in the dryland regions of Pakistan if integrated with the use of poultry manure as alternate environmental-friendly strategy to cut down the use of mineral fertilizers and eliminate summer fallowing.

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SINGH, MANPREET, H. S. SIDHU, J. S. MAHAL, G. S. MANES, M. L. JAT, A. K. MAHAL, PARVINDER SINGH, and YADVINDER SINGH. "RELAY SOWING OF WHEAT IN THE COTTON–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM IN NORTH-WEST INDIA: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000569.

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SUMMARYCotton–wheat (CW) is an important cropping system in South Asia. Wheat yields under a conventional CW system are generally lower compared to a rice–wheat system due to delayed seeding. Relay seeding of wheat can help timely sowing, capturing residual soil moisture of last irrigation to cotton, and increase the productivity and profitability of CW system. The field experiment included two Bt-cotton genotypes having different canopy cover (RCH 776 and MRC 7017), two types of relay seeders (RSs) for cotton planted at 67.5-cm and 101-cm row spacing and four types of relay seeding methods (manual broadcast, strip rotor (SR) and zero-till double disc and conventional till). Relay planting of wheat allowed one additional boll picking, which increased seed cotton yield by 12% compared with conventional tillage wheat. Cotton genotypes and RSs had no effect on emergence and yield of wheat. The RSs with SR and zero till double disc furrow openers performed better in terms of wheat emergence and grain yield compared to zero-till tine openers. Under relay seeding, wheat sowing was advanced by 31 days, which increased grain yield by 18.8% compared with conventional tillage practice. Net returns from the CW system with relay seeding of wheat were higher by US$ 311 to 425 ha−1 compared with the conventional CW system.

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Yu, Chaoran, Xiaojun Wang, Bo Hu, Changqin Yang, Ning Sui, Ruixian Liu, Yali Meng, and Zhiguo Zhou. "Effects of wheat straw incorporation in cotton-wheat double cropping system on nutrient status and growth in cotton." Field Crops Research 197 (October 2016): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.003.

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38

Yang, Rui, Ke Liu, Shiying Geng, Chengxiang Zhang, Lijun Yin, and Xiaoyan Wang. "Comparison of early season crop types for wheat production and nitrogen use efficiency in the Jianghan Plain in China." PeerJ 9 (April 9, 2021): e11189. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11189.

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The rice-wheat (RW) cropping system is one of the most prevalent double-cropping systems used to farm the Jianghan Plain in China. However, it can lead to low wheat yields and reduced nitrogen use efficiency compared with dryland wheat (DW). We evaluated wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency for two rotations (summer rice-winter wheat and summer soybean-winter wheat) from 2017 to 2019 and applied the results to improve nitrogen management for planting wheat after rice in the Jianghan Plain. Field experiments were conducted over two years with two nitrogen treatments: traditional nitrogen management (M1: 90 kg N ha−1 was applied at sowing and jointing, respectively ) and optimized nitrogen management (M2: 60 kg N ha−1 was applied at sowing, wintering and jointing, respectively). The highest total wheat production was achieved under M2 for both cropping systems and the two-year average yield was 6,128 kg ha−1 in DW and 6,166 kg ha−1 in RW. The spike number in DW was 15% higher than RW in M1 and 13% higher in M2, but the kernel per spike and 1,000-grain weight was lower than RW. The nitrogen accumulation of DW was 24% higher than RW in M1 and 33% in M2. Compared with RW, DW had higher NO3− content in the soil surface layer (0–20 cm) and a higher root length density (RLD) in the deeper layer (40–60 cm), which may account for the higher N uptake in DW. Our results show that the grain yield of RW was comparable to that of DW by optimum nitrogen management. The rice-wheat cropping system combined with optimum nitrogen management may be of economic and agronomic benefit to the wheatbelt in the Jianghan Plain in China.

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Zhao, Xu, Yang Zhou, Shenqiang Wang, Guangxi Xing, Weiming Shi, Renkou Xu, and Zhaoliang Zhu. "Nitrogen Balance in a Highly Fertilized Rice-Wheat Double-Cropping System in Southern China." Soil Science Society of America Journal 76, no. 3 (May 2012): 1068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0236.

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40

Watanabe, Takeshi, Makoto Kimura, and Susumu Asakawa. "Community structure of methanogenic archaea in paddy field soil under double cropping (rice–wheat)." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38, no. 6 (June 2006): 1264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.020.

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Cheng, Yi, Xinglong Dai, Hao Ren, Yuechao Wang, Peng Liu, and Mingrong He. "Precision double cropping synergistically improves wheat and maize yields as well as resource efficiency." Agronomy Journal 112, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 1035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20047.

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42

Kelley, Kenneth W. "Double-cropping Winter Wheat and Soybean Improves Net Returns in the Eastern Great Plains." Crop Management 2, no. 1 (2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cm-2003-1112-01-rs.

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43

Asakawa, S., and K. Hayano. "Populations of methanogenic bacteria in paddy field soil under double cropping conditions (rice-wheat)." Biology and Fertility of Soils 20, no. 2 (June 1995): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00336589.

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44

Uchiyama, Aki, Tsukasa Tanizaki, Masamichi Nakatsukasa, and Yoshiya Akasi. "Effect of Chicken Droppings Applied Prior to Wheat Sowing on Wheat and Paddy Rice Yields in Wheat-Paddy Rice Double Cropping System." Japanese Journal of Crop Science 83, no. 4 (2014): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.314.

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45

Schoofs, Allison, and Martin H. Entz. "Influence of annual forages on weed dynamics in a cropping system." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-098.

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Alternatives to herbicides are needed for weed control. Field studies were conducted in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 to investigate the nature of forage crop-weed dynamics and to test the effect of single year forage crops on the density and community composition of annual weeds in a following field pea (Pisium sativum L.) test crop. Five spring-seeded forage treatments were compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain crops (with or without herbicides for grassy and broadleaved weeds): winter triticale (Triticosecale) (simulation grazed); spring triticale (silage); spring/winter triticale intercrop (silage, then simulation grazed); alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (hay); sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench × Sorghum sudanese [Piper]) (hay); and a weedy fallow (silage). A fall rye (Secale cereale L.) grain crop and a sweet clover (Melilotis officinalis L.)/winter triticale double crop (hay, then simulation grazing) were included in the 1995/1996 trial. All forage systems were at least as effective as the sprayed wheat control in suppressing wild oat (Avena fatua L.); however, effects on other weeds, especially broadleaved species, were variable. Biennial crops provided the best early season weed control, while long-season systems such winter triticale and the triticale intercrop provided the best late season weed control. Forages shifted the weed community composition away from wild oat and green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) to a similar or greater extent than herbicide-treated wheat. Forage systems that did not provide season-long crop competition tended to have more broadleaved weeds. Some forage systems increased pea grain yield the following year (relative to the sprayed wheat control); however, forages alone did not eliminate the need for herbicides in the pea crop. Annual forages may play an important role in integrated weed management, especially for wild oat, however further research to refine forage-based weed management systems is needed. Key words: Integrated weed management, alfalfa, intercropping, double cropping, organic farming

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HAN Yingchun, 韩迎春, 王国平 WAN Guoping, 范正义 FAN Zhengyi, 李亚兵 LI Yabing, 冯璐 FENG Lu, and 毛树春 MAO Shuchun. "Analysis of key climatic factors influencing on seed cotton yield in cotton-wheat double cropping." Acta Ecologica Sinica 33, no. 10 (2013): 3185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201203080313.

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REN, Bai-Zhao, Fei GAO, Yu-Jun WEI, Shu-Ting DONG, Bin ZHAO, Peng LIU, and Ji-Wang ZHANG. "Suitable Maturity Period and Accumulated Temperature of Summer Maize in Wheat-maize Double Cropping System." Acta Agronomica Sinica 44, no. 1 (2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2018.00137.

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Hayano, Koichi, Katsuji Watanabe, and Susumu Asakawa. "Activity of protease extracted from rice-rhizosphere soils under double cropping of rice and wheat." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 41, no. 3 (September 1995): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1995.10419621.

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Hu, Xiao-Kang, Fang Su, Xiao-Tang Ju, Bing Gao, Oene Oenema, Peter Christie, Bin-Xiang Huang, Rong-Feng Jiang, and Fu-Suo Zhang. "Greenhouse gas emissions from a wheat–maize double cropping system with different nitrogen fertilization regimes." Environmental Pollution 176 (May 2013): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.040.

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Zhang, Fu, Tianhua Chen, Shuai Teng, Jiajia Wang, Ruiliang Xu, and Zhijun Guo. "Model construction for field operation machinery selection and configuration in wheat-maize double cropping system." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 14, no. 3 (2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20211404.6383.

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