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1

Marcela, Hlaváčová, Klem Karel, Smutná Pavlína, Škarpa Petr, Hlavinka Petr, Novotná Kateřina, Rapantová Barbora, and Trnka Miroslav. "Effect of heat stress at anthesis on yield formation in winter wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 3 (April 4, 2017): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/73/2017-pse.

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Heat stress around anthesis is considered to have an increasing impact on wheat yield under the ongoing climate change. However, the effect of high temperatures and their duration on formation of individual yield parameters is still little understood. Within this study, the effect of high temperatures applied during anthesis for 3 and 7 days on yield formation parameters was analysed. The study was conducted in growth chambers under four temperature regimes (daily temperature maxima 26, 32, 35 and 38°C). In the periods preceding and following heat stress regimes the plants were cultivated unde
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2

Wosula, E. N., S. Tatineni, S. N. Wegulo, and G. L. Hein. "Effect of Temperature on Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease Development in Winter Wheat." Plant Disease 101, no. 2 (February 2017): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-16-1053-re.

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Temperature is one of the key factors that influence viral disease development in plants. In this study, temperature effect on Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) replication and in planta movement was determined using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged virus in two winter wheat cultivars. Virus-inoculated plants were first incubated at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 21 days, followed by 27°C for 14 days; and, in a second experiment, virus-inoculated plants were initially incubated at 27°C for 3 days, followed by 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 21 days. In the first experiment, WSMV-GFP in susceptible ‘
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3

Balla, K., and O. Veisz. "Temperature dependence of wheat development." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.3.7.

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Among the abiotic stress factors influencing the growth and productivity of wheat varieties, extremely high temperatures have the most limiting effect. In an experiment set up in the gradient chamber of the Martonvásár phytotron to test the effect of various temperatures on four winter wheat varieties and one variety of spelt, substantial differences were observed in the heat stress tolerance of the varieties. There was a considerable reduction in the number of shoots and spikes as the result of heat stress, leading to a drastic loss of grain yield. It was clear from changes in the biomass and
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4

Tack, Jesse, Andrew Barkley, and Lawton Lanier Nalley. "Effect of warming temperatures on US wheat yields." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 22 (May 11, 2015): 6931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415181112.

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Climate change is expected to increase future temperatures, potentially resulting in reduced crop production in many key production regions. Research quantifying the complex relationship between weather variables and wheat yields is rapidly growing, and recent advances have used a variety of model specifications that differ in how temperature data are included in the statistical yield equation. A unique data set that combines Kansas wheat variety field trial outcomes for 1985–2013 with location-specific weather data is used to analyze the effect of weather on wheat yield using regression analy
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5

Šeruga, B., S. Budžaki, Ž. Ugarčić-Hardi, and M. Šeruga. "Effect of temperature and composition on thermal conductivity of “Mlinci” dough." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 23, No. 4 (November 15, 2011): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3385-cjfs.

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The objective of this study was to determine the thermal conductivity of “Mlinci” dough T-500 and “Mlinci” dough T-500 with the addition of eggs, wheat germs and wheat bran in the temperature range of 40°C to 70°C. Thermal conductivity was determined using modifications of guarded hot plate steady state method. For all types of dough, thermal conductivity first increased with temperature and then, after reaching maximum values, it decreased. The maximum values for “Mlinci” dough T-500 containing wheat germs and bran we
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Ahmad, Tobeh, and Jamaati e. Somarin Shahzad. "Low temperature stress effect on wheat cultivars germination." African Journal of Microbiology Research 6, no. 6 (February 16, 2012): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr11.1498.

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7

Sultana, Shamima, Md Asaduzzamana, and Hasan Muhammad Zubair. "Effect of Temperature on Wheat-Ryegrass Seedlings Interference." Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 2 (August 2013): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2013.010204.

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8

Gaudet, D. A., and T. H. H. Chen. "Effect of freezing resistance and low-temperature stress on development of cottony snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus) in winter wheat." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-219.

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The relationship between snow mold resistance and freezing resistance was studied under controlled-environment conditions, using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) cultivars varying in freezing resistance and resistance to cottony snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus Redhead & Traquair). Cultivars varying in freezing resistance were equally susceptible to C. psychromorbidus. There existed a negative relationship between snow mold resistance and freezing resistance. Sublethal, subzero freezing temperatures between −3 and −12 °C predisposed the winter wheat cultivar 'Winalta' to in
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9

Reddy, L. V., R. J. Metzger, and T. M. Ching. "Effect of Temperature on Seed Dormancy of Wheat 1." Crop Science 25, no. 3 (May 1985): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1985.0011183x002500030007x.

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10

Rosell, Cristina M., and Concha Collar. "Effect of temperature and consistency on wheat dough performance." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 44, no. 3 (March 2009): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01758.x.

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11

Lu, Caiyun, Chunjiang Zhao, Xiu Wang, Zhijun Meng, Jian Song, Milt McGiffen, Guangwei Wu, Weiqing Fu, Jianjun Dong, and Jiayang Yu. "Effect of Postsowing Compaction on Cold and Frost Tolerance of North China Plain Winter Wheat." International Journal of Agronomy 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1316808.

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Improper postsowing compaction negatively affects soil temperature and thereby cold and frost tolerance, particularly in extreme cold weather. In North China Plain, the temperature falls to 5 degrees below zero, even lower in winter, which is period for winter wheat growing. Thus improving temperature to promote wheat growth is important in this area. A field experiment from 2013 to 2016 was conducted to evaluate effects of postsowing compaction on soil temperature and plant population of wheat at different stages during wintering period. The effect of three postsowing compaction methods—(1) c
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12

Darwent, A. L., L. P. Lefkovitch, and P. F. Mills. "Effect of soil temperature, seeding depth and cultivar on wheat tolerance to simulated ethalfluralin carryover." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-069.

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Field and controlled environment experiments were conducted at Beaverlodge, Alberta to determine the effect of soil temperature, seeding depth and cultivar on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to ethalfluralin. In one experiment, ethalfluralin was applied and incorporated, and wheat was seeded at several depths in late April/early May when soil temperatures were lowest or in late May when soil temperatures had increased. Mean 3-yr wheat yields decreased by 45% as the rate of ethalfluralin increased from 0 to 0.75 kg ha−1 and by 21% as the depth of seeding increased from 4 to 12.5 cm but t
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13

Radford, BJ. "Effect of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes and seed source on the coleoptile length of tall and semidwarf wheats." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 1 (1987): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870113.

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Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effects of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes on the final coleoptile length of 8 wheat cultivars (Banks, Cook, Gatcher, Hartog, Kite, Oxley, Shortim and Spica) and the effect of environmental conditions during seed maturation (seed source) on the coleoptile length of 5 cultivars (Banks, Bass, Cook, Kite and Oxley). Mean coleoptile length decreased from 10.8 cm at 15�C to only 3.1 cm at 35�C, a reduction within this temperature range of 1 cm for every 2.6�C rise in temperature. This indicates that, in warm soil, shallow sowing
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14

Mikulíková, D. "The effect of friabilin on wheat grain hardness: a review." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 2 (January 7, 2008): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1911-cjgpb.

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A wheat marketing system established the primary classification of hexaploid wheat based on the endosperm texture, i.e. hardness or softness of the grain. Hardness affects a range of characters including the milling (tempering, milling yield, flour particle size, shape and density of flour particles), baking and end-use properties. Wheat grain hardness is largely controlled by genetic factors but it can also be affected by the environmental and other factors. The endosperm texture is primarily associated with the <i>Hardness</i> (<i>Ha</i>) locus on the short arm of chr
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15

Kaasová, J., B. Hubáčková, P. Kadlec, J. Příhoda, and Z. Bubník. "Chemical and biochemical changes during microwave treatment of wheat." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 20, No. 2 (November 18, 2011): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3513-cjfs.

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The effect of microwave (MW) heating on the changes in wet gluten content, Gluten Index, Falling Number and amylographic characteristics was studied in sprouted wheat grain. Different moistures of wheat in two ranges of 10–11% and 15–17% and two end temperatures of MW heated samples (60 and 80°C) were applied to wheat samples. Falling Number and Gluten Index increased with increasing absorbed energy during MW heating, whereas gluten content decreased. Amylographic maximum increased due to a-amylase inactivation progressively with increasing absorbed energy as well.
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16

Stipešević, B., and E. J. Kladivko. "Effects of winter wheat cover crop desiccation times on soil moisture, temperature and early maize growth." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 6 (November 19, 2011): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3583-pse.

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Two tillage systems for maize (Zea mays) after soybean (Glycine max), no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT), which consisted of double disking in the spring, were included in the experiment on two sites in Indiana, USA. Each tillage plot had three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop levels: no cover crop (N), early desiccation (E), 3–4 weeks prior to planting the maize, and regular desiccation (R), within the maize planting week. Due to the mulching effect, both E and R for both tillage systems increased soil moisture, except in the case of spring drought, when
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17

Borghi, B., M. Corbellini, M. Ciaffi, D. Lafiandra, Ede Stefanis, D. Sgrulletta, G. Boggini, Ndi Fonzo, Stefanis E. De, and Fonzo N. Di. "Effect of heat shock during grain filling on grain quality of bread and durum wheats." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 7 (1995): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9951365.

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In southern Europe the Mediterranean climate is responsible for the remarkable variability in both yield and quality from year to year and also from location to location, but it offers also a unique opportunity for the production of high-quality wheats which are deficient in the European Economic Community. This study was conducted to determine the role of the fluctuation of temperatures during grain filling on the rheological properties of bread and durum wheats (Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum) as evaluated with a Chopin alveograph. During the 1991-92 season, four cultivars of bread
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18

Larney, F. J., T. Ren, S. M. McGinn, C. W. Lindwall, and R. C. Izaurralde. "The influence of rotation, tillage and row spacing on near-surface soil temperature for winter wheat in southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-076.

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Soil and crop management practices and their effects on surface residue levels can modify soil temperature. Our study investigated the effect of rotation, tillage and row spacing on near-surface (0.025 m) soil temperature under winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1993-1994 and 1994-1995. The main treatment was winter wheat rotation: continuous winter wheat (WW); winter wheat-canola (Brassica campestris L.) (WC) or winter wheat-fallow (WF)] with tillage sub-treatments of conventional tillage (CT) vs. zero tillage (ZT) and row spacing treatments of uniform row (UR) vs. paired row (PR) spacing
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19

Robertson, Susan M., Scott R. Jeffrey, James R. Unterschultz, and Peter C. Boxall. "Estimating yield response to temperature and identifying critical temperatures for annual crops in the Canadian prairie region." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 6 (November 2013): 1237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-125.

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Robertson, S. M., Jeffrey, S. R., Unterschultz, J. R. and Boxall, P. C. 2013. Estimating yield response to temperature and identifying critical temperatures for annual crops in the Canadian Prairie region. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1237–1247. Historical yield and temperature data, by municipal district for the three prairie provinces, are used to estimate the marginal effect of exposure to specific temperatures in defined ranges during the growing season. Incorporating these non-linear temperature effects into the model improves yield forecasting for Canadian prairie annual crops over models that
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20

Grigor'eva, N. I., L. M. Chepel, S. P. Sirenko, T. M. Cheshko, and V. I. Kiyko. "Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation and Temperature on Wheat Seed Viability." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 57, no. 2-3 (2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v57.i2-3.170.

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21

AHMED, Mukhtar, and Fayyaz-ul HASSAN. "Cumulative Effect of Temperature and Solar Radiation on Wheat Yield." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3925406.

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The impact of temperature and solar radiations were studied as determinant factor for spring wheat grain yield. The data obtained at anthesis and maturity for grain number (GN), grain weight (GW) and grain yield (Y) were examined with mean temperature at anthesis (T1) and maturity (T2), solar radiation at anthesis (SR1) and maturity (SR2) and photothermal quotient (PTQ) at anthesis (PTQ1) and maturity (PTQ2). The data obtained was subjected to Statistica 8 software and scatter plot regression model was developed at 95% confidence interval with crop data and climate variables (T1, T2, SR1, SR2,
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22

Çakmak, T., and Ö. Atıcı. "Effects of putrescine and low temperature on the apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of two wheat cultivars." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 8 (September 9, 2009): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1037-pse.

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The effects of putrescine (a polyamine), low temperature and their combinations on the activities of apoplastic antioxidant enzymes were studied in the leaves of two wheat cultivars, winter (Dogu-88) and spring (Gerek-79). Fifteen-day-old wheat seedlings were treated with putrescine solutions (0.1, 1 and 10mM) prior to cold treatment (5/3°C). The activities of apoplastic catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were determined in the leaves both under normal and cold conditions at 1, 3 and 5 days. The results indicate that cold treatment significantly increased the activities of apoplasti
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23

M.C., Narendra, Chandan Roy, Sudhir Kumar, Parminder Virk, and Nitish De. "Effect of terminal heat stress on physiological traits, grain zinc and iron content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 57, No. 2 (April 9, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/63/2020-cjgpb.

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Heat stress is one of the major wheat (Triticum aestivum) production constraints in South Asia (SA), particularly in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of India and Bangladesh. Malnutrition is also a severe problem among children and women in SA. Wheat varieties with high grain Zn/Fe are a sustainable, cost-effective solution in the fight against hidden hunger. Thirty wheat genotypes were characterised under the optimum temperature and heat stress conditions in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 to study the response of the stress on the yield, physiological traits and grain Zn/Fe content. A significant g
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Mozafar, A., and J. J. Oertli. "Effect of temperature on ion efflux properties of leaf cell compartments in several chilling-sensitive and chilling-insensitive crop plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-259.

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Ion efflux properties of leaf cell compartments were compared in several chilling-sensitive and chilling-insensitive plants : corn (Zea mays L. cv. Orla-312), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Stoneville-213), rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. M-9), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Monnopa), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Zenith). The effect of photoperiod and temperature (in spinach) and cold acclimation (in wheat) during growth on the subsequent response of cell compartments to temperature was also studied. Leaf strips loaded with Na+ (22Na) (all plants) and K+ (86Rb) (wheat only) were
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25

Zhang, Su Feng, and Heng Yang. "Effect of Hot-Water Pre-Extraction on Alkaline Pulping Properties of Wheat Straw." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1174.

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The alkaline pulping properties of wheat straw, which had been hemicelluloses pre-extracted with hot water, were studied. In this work, the process of hot-water extraction at various temperatures, reaction time and other conditions were investigated. The straws pre-extracted or not were made into pulp with NaOH-AQ at same conditions. Then the effects of pre-extraction on properties of straw pulp were studied. The results show that the yield, Kappa number and viscosity of the pulp are affected significantly by hemicelluloses pre-extraction process. The chemicals charge of the extracted straw in
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26

Pokorný, J., A. Farouk Mansour, F. Pudil, and V. Janda. "Effect of defatted soybean flour on the flavour of extruded mixtures with wheat flour." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 20, No. 6 (November 19, 2011): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3535-cjfs.

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Mixtures of wheat semolina, 5% glucose and 0–30% defatted soybean flour were used for the preparation of extruded samples using a pilot plant single screw extruder, maximum temperature being 140°C. The browning reactions were only moderate, the intensities of the trichromatic a* coordinate increased, and some changes were observed in chroma and the odour difference ΔE*. The sensory acceptability improved by increasing the content of soybean flour, the odour intensity increased, and some changes were observed in the sensory profile. Volatile substances were isolated
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27

LIU, P., W. GUO, Z. JIANG, H. PU, C. FENG, X. ZHU, Y. PENG, A. KUANG, and C. R. LITTLE. "Effects of high temperature after anthesis on starch granules in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, no. 2 (December 8, 2010): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610001024.

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SUMMARYThe effect of high temperatures (above 25°C) on starch concentration and the morphology of starch granules in the grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Wheat plants of cultivars Yangmai 9 (weak-gluten) and Yangmai 12 (medium-gluten) were treated with high temperatures for 3 days at different times after anthesis. The results showed that the starch concentration of grains given a heat-shock treatment above 30°C were lower than those developing at normal temperature in both cultivars. High temperature lowered starch concentration due to the decrease of amylopectin. Under th
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28

KRISTENSEN, K., K. SCHELDE, and J. E. OLESEN. "Winter wheat yield response to climate variability in Denmark." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, no. 1 (August 23, 2010): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610000675.

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SUMMARYData on grain yield from field trials on winter wheat under conventional farming, harvested between 1992 and 2008, were combined with daily weather data available for 44 grids covering Denmark. Nine agroclimatic indices were calculated and used for describing the relation between weather data and grain yield. These indices were calculated as average temperature, radiation and precipitation during winter (1 October–31 March), spring (1 April–15 June) and summer (16 June–31 July), and they were included as linear and quadratic covariates in a mixed regression model. The model also include
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29

Slafer, Gustavo A., and H. M. Rawson. "Phyllochron in Wheat as Affected by Photoperiod Under Two Temperature Regimes." Functional Plant Biology 24, no. 2 (1997): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp96021.

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In this paper we describe the effects of photoperiod (9, 12, 15, 17, 19 and 21 h) and temperature (21/17 and 16/12°C) on rate of leaf appearance and phyllochron in two spring wheats, a semi-winter wheat, and a winter wheat. Under long photoperiods only, all leaves on the main culm of a cultivar emerged at a common rate within a temperature regime, so it was acceptable to assign a specific phyllochron to leaves irrespective of their level of insertion. Increased temperature significantly decreased phyllochron, but the degree of this effect differed between cultivars. As photoperiod was shortene
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Macdowall, F. D. H., та J. A. Lowdon. "Leaf carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) and cold hardiness of wheat in relation to growth temperature and moisture stress". Canadian Journal of Botany 67, № 9 (1 вересня 1989): 2828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-363.

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Several cultivars of spring and winter wheats were grown simultaneously several times in environmental control rooms at (i) 25:20 °C (16 h light: 8 h dark), or (ii) 4:2 °C with continuous watering, or (iii) 25:20 °C with nighttime watering and daytime wilting. The mature leaf blades of late vegetative plants were collected, and their carbon isotope ratios (13C:12C) were measured by mass spectrometry and expressed as δ13C, with an accuracy of 0.2‰, to determine if physiological effects of environmental factors other than atmospheric isotope composition could be responsible for previously observ
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Prieto, Paula, Helga Ochagavía, Simon Griffiths, and Gustavo A. Slafer. "Earliness per se×temperature interaction: consequences on leaf, spikelet, and floret development in wheat." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 1956–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz568.

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Abstract Wheat adaptation can be fine-tuned by earliness per se (Eps) genes. Although the effects of Eps genes are often assumed to act independently of the environment, previous studies have shown that they exhibit temperature sensitivity. The number of leaves and phyllochron are considered determinants of flowering time and the numerical components of yield include spikelets per spike and fertile floret number within spikelets. We studied the dynamics of leaf, spikelet, and floret development in near isogenic lines with either late or early alleles of Eps-D1 under seven temperature regimes.
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Dias de Oliveira, Eduardo, Helen Bramley, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Samuel Henty, Jens Berger, and Jairo A. Palta. "Can elevated CO2 combined with high temperature ameliorate the effect of terminal drought in wheat?" Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 2 (2013): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12206.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production may be affected by the future climate, but the impact of the combined increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and incidence of drought that are predicted has not been evaluated. The combined effect of elevated CO2, high temperature and terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield was evaluated in vigorous (38–19) and nonvigorous (Janz) wheat genotypes grown under elevated CO2 (700 µL L–1) combined with temperatures 2°C, 4°C and 6°C above the current ambient temperature. Terminal drought was induced in all combinations at anthe
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33

CALDERINI, D. F., L. G. ABELEDO, R. SAVIN, and G. A. SLAFER. "Effect of temperature and carpel size during pre-anthesis on potential grain weight in wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 4 (June 1999): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699006504.

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The effect of environmental conditions immediately before anthesis on potential grain weight was investigated in wheat at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomy (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) during 1995 and 1996. Plants of two cultivars of wheat were grown in two environments (two contrasting sowing dates) to provide different background temperature conditions. In these environments, transparent boxes were installed covering the spikes in order to increase spike temperature for a short period (c. 6 days) immediately before anthesis, i.e. between ear emergence and anthesis.
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34

Karpicka-Ignatowska, Kamila, Alicja Laska, Brian G. Rector, Anna Skoracka, and Lechosław Kuczyński. "Temperature-dependent development and survival of an invasive genotype of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella." Experimental and Applied Acarology 83, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-021-00602-w.

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AbstractQuantifying basic biological data, such as the effects of variable temperatures on development and survival, is crucial to predicting and monitoring population growth rates of pest species, many of which are highly invasive. One of the most globally important pests of cereals is the eriophyoid wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, which is the primary vector of several plant viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature-dependent development and survival of WCM at a wide range of constant temperatures in the laboratory (17–33 °C). The development time of each stage dep
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35

Haigh, Ian M., and Martin C. Hare. "The Effect of Freezing Temperatures onMicrodochium majusandM. nivaleSeedling Blight of Winter Wheat." International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/359017.

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Exposure to pre-emergent freezing temperatures significantly delayed the rate of seedling emergence (P<0.05) from an infected and a non-infected winter wheat cv. Equinox seed lot, but significant effects for timing of freezing and duration of freezing on final emergence were only seen for theMicrodochium-infested seed lot. Freezing temperatures of−5∘C at post-emergence caused most disease on emerged seedlings. Duration of freezing (12 hours or 24 hours) had little effect on disease index but exposure to pre-emergent freezing for 24 hours significantly delayed rate of seedling emergence and
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36

Gilbert, J., A. Tekauz, and S. M. Woods. "Effect of Storage on Viability of Fusarium Head Blight-Affected Spring Wheat Seed." Plant Disease 81, no. 2 (February 1997): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.2.159.

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The effects of storage temperature and duration on germination, emergence, and vigor of Fusarium head blight-affected seed were studied in the spring wheat cvs. Glenlea and Roblin. Seed was stored at -10, 2.5, 10, or 20°C. Germination was assessed at cold (5°C) and moderate 20/15°C for 16/8 h daily) temperatures following 0, 8, 16, and 24 weeks of storage. Emergence from a soilless mix was counted 10 days after planting. Vigor was assessed following germination by measuring root and shoot lengths and in emerged plants by determining dry shoot weights. Germination after storage at the three col
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Jansens, Koen J. A., Bert Lagrain, Ine Rombouts, Kristof Brijs, Mario Smet, and Jan A. Delcour. "Effect of temperature, time and wheat gluten moisture content on wheat gluten network formation during thermomolding." Journal of Cereal Science 54, no. 3 (November 2011): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2011.08.008.

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38

Cao, Weixing, and Dale N. Moss. "Temperature Effect on Leaf Emergence and Phyllochron in Wheat and Barley." Crop Science 29, no. 4 (July 1989): 1018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900040038x.

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39

Hosain, Mojaffor, Raihanul Haque, Md Nazrul Islam, Habiba Khatun, and Md Shams-Ud-Din. "Effect of temperature and loading density on drying kinetics of wheat." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2016.4(2).210.217.

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40

Liu, Leilei, Jifeng Ma, Liying Tian, Shenghao Wang, Liang Tang, Weixing Cao, and Yan Zhu. "Effect of Postanthesis High Temperature on Grain Quality Formation for Wheat." Agronomy Journal 109, no. 5 (September 2017): 1970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.07.0427.

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41

Pinedo, M. L., G. F. Hernandez, R. D. Conde, and J. A. Tognetti. "Effect of Low Temperature on the Protein Metabolism of Wheat Leaves." Biologia plantarum 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026765504374.

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42

Cheng, J.-J., H. Li, B. Ren, C.-J. Zhou, Z.-S. Kang, and L.-L. Huang. "Effect of canopy temperature on the stripe rust resistance of wheat." New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 43, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2015.1098708.

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43

FARAHNAKY, A., and S. E. HILL. "THE EFFECT OF SALT, WATER AND TEMPERATURE ON WHEAT DOUGH RHEOLOGY." Journal of Texture Studies 38, no. 4 (August 2007): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.2007.00107.x.

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44

van Herk, Willem G., and Robert S. Vernon. "Wireworm damage to wheat seedlings: effect of temperature and wireworm state." Journal of Pest Science 86, no. 1 (September 18, 2012): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0461-y.

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45

Moldestad, Anette, Ellen Mosleth Fergestad, Bernt Hoel, Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg, and Anne Kjersti Uhlen. "Effect of temperature variation during grain filling on wheat gluten resistance." Journal of Cereal Science 53, no. 3 (May 2011): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2011.02.005.

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46

Matić, Slavica, Maria Alexandra Cucu, Angelo Garibaldi, and Maria Lodovica Gullino. "Combined Effect of CO2 and Temperature on Wheat Powdery Mildew Development." Plant Pathology Journal 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2017.0226.

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47

Manoj-Kumar, A. Swarup, A. K. Patra, J. U. Chandrakala, and K. M. Manjaiah. "  Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 5 (May 29, 2012): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/749/2011-pse.

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In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3°C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO<s
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Sutka, J., and O. Veisz. "Reversal of dominance in a gene on chromosome 5A controlling frost resistance in wheat." Genome 30, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-055.

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The genetic effects on frost resistance, when chromosome 5A from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with varying degrees of frost resistance (Cheyenne, Hope) and T. spelta were substituted into an identical genetic background ('Chinese Spring') were analysed using the parents and the F1, F2, and BC progeny generations. In the crosses CS/Ch 5A × CS/Ts 5A and CS/Ch 5A × CS/H 5A, the parents differed from each other only with respect to chromosome 5A. In the first experiment, the F1 hybrids and the parents were frozen at temperatures of −10, −11, −12, −13, and −14 °C and in the second experim
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Ash, GJ, and RG Rees. "Effect of post-inoculation temperature and light intensity on expression of resistance to stripe rust in some Australian wheat cultivars." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 7 (1994): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941379.

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Temperature sensitive resistance to stripe rust in selected Australian wheat cultivars was found to be most strongly expressed at a constant post-inoculation temperature of l9�C and at high light intensities. At 25�C the infection type on the susceptible host was reduced, indicating incompatability, while at the lower temperature of 13�C all cultivars were susceptible to the rust. At low light intensities there was a movement towards low infection types in cultivars possessing this resistance even at low temperatures. This made it essential to use high light intensities to differentiate this r
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LAURILA, H. "Simulation of spring wheat responses to elevated CO2 and temperature by using CERES-wheat crop model." Agricultural and Food Science 10, no. 3 (January 3, 2001): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5692.

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The CERES-wheat crop simulation model was used to estimate the changes in phenological development and yield production of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Polkka) under different temperature and CO2 growing conditions. The effects of elevated temperature (3-4°C) and CO2 concentration (700 ppm) as expected for Finland in 2100 were simulated. The model was calibrated for long-day growing conditions in Finland. The CERES-wheat genetic coefficients for cv. Polkka were calibrated by using the MTT Agrifood Research Finland (MTT) official variety trial data (1985-1990). Crop phenological deve
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