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Lekha, L., and C. A. Kalpana. "Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Wheat Grass Juice Extract and Powder on Diabetics." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 54, no. 1 (2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2017.54.1.15444.
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The study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of wheat grass juice, extract and powder on diabetics. Two hundred male employees (35-50 y) of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) from Usilampatti, a town in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu were selected for the study. After screening, 60 employees whose fasting blood glucose level was ≥ 145mg/dl and not taking oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were considered for the study. Fifty grams of fresh wheat grass, made into a fine paste using a stone grinder was mixed in 100ml of water. Two to three drops of lemon juice was added to enhance the flavour and palatability of the juice. Wheat grass extract obtained was then squeezed and the fiber separated. Fresh wheat grass was harvested and shade dried for 2-3 days. It was then made into fine powder with a stone grinder. Five grams of wheat grass powder was added in 100ml of water and mixed thoroughly. The selected diabetic employees (60) were divided into three experimental groups and one control group of 15 members each. Experimental group I was supplemented with 100ml of wheat grass juice, group II was supplemented with 100ml of wheat grass extract and group III was supplemented with 5g of wheat grass powder mixed in 100ml of water and for a period of four months. No supplementation was given to control group. Anthropometric parameters like height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist / hip ratio, skin fold thickness and biochemical parameters namely fasting blood glucose level, post prandial blood glucose level, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL, HbA<sub>1</sub>C and blood pressure were measured before and after supplementation. Group II supplemented with wheat grass extract showed a slight difference in weight when compared to groups I and III. The mean skin fold thickness of all the three groups decreased after supplementation. The mean initial blood glucose level of the experimental groups (I, II and III) and control group were above the normal range . The mean decrease of fasting blood glucose level in experimental group I, II, III and control group were 37.4, 32.9, 27.6 and 1.4 mg /dl respectively. The mean decrease of post prandial blood glucose level in experimental groups I, II, III and control group were 63, 60.3, 39 and 1.8 mg/dl respectively. High fibre supplement lowered total cholesterol by about 19.2 % and reduced LDL cholesterol by 13.2 % with maximum reduction in groups II and III. HDL cholesterol level was highly increased in experimental group II. The decrease in HbA<sub>1</sub>C level was higher in experimental group I (2.5%) and blood pressure was highly decreased in experimental group I compared to other experimental groups and control group.
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Mukhopadhyay, S., J. Basak, M. Kar, S. Mandal, and A. Mukhopadhyay. "The role of iron chelation activity of wheat grass juice in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 7012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7012.
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7012 Background: A pilot study with wheat grass juice in major thalassaemia patients was done by a group of clinicians in IPGMR, Chandigarh, India. We performed a study of 200 patients of intermediate thalassaemia with wheat grass juice and found 80% patients becoming transfusion independent. During the study in majority of the patients, serum ferritin level was significantly less as compared to pretreatment values. The aim of our study was to see the effect of wheat grass juice in reducing Ferritin level in myelodysplastic syndrome and also do the biochemical analysis of the wheat grass juice. Methods: During period from January 2003 to December 2007 we selected 20 patients of transfusion dependent myelodysplastic syndrome in the oncology department of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute. The age range of the patients was 42 years to 72 years (median 55 years). The fresh leaves of 5–7-day-old wheat grasss including stems were made fresh juice and had given 30 mL of juice daily to all 20 patients for continuous 6 months. Wheat grass juice was analyzed by column chromatography and found to be rich in oxalic and malic acid which might have some role in dietary absorption of iron from intestine. Beside that the wheat grass juice was found to contain two unique active ingredients with iron chelating property which was performed by deoxyribose degradation assay. We compared aqueous soluble extract of 5–7-day-old plant and dose-dependent study showed a significant iron chelating activity of crude extract in comparison to known standard iron chelator desferroxamine (DFO). The active compounds of crude extract of wheat grass may chelate catalytic iron in iron overload disorders when taking systematic dose. Result: The mean serum Ferritin level of the patients was 2,250 (range 650–4,800) before wheat grass treatment. The mean reduced to 950 (range 68–1680) (p < 0.0001). The performance status was improved from 60% to 80% (Karnofsky) after wheat grass treatment. The mean interval between transfusions was found increased. Conclusions: Wheat grass juice is an effective iron chelator and its use in reducing serum ferritin should be encouraged in myelodysplastic syndrome and other diseases where repeated blood transfusion is required. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Sharma, Natasha, Vandita Tiwari, Shreya Vats, et al. "Evaluation of Anthocyanin Content, Antioxidant Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Black, Purple and Blue Colored Wheat Flour and Wheat-Grass Juice against Common Human Pathogens." Molecules 25, no. 24 (2020): 5785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245785.
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The present study aimed to analyze the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of anthocyanins extracted from colored wheat flour and wheat-grass juice against human pathogens. The total anthocyanin content and antioxidant potential in colored wheat flour and wheat-grass juice extracts were significantly higher than white flour and wheat-grass juice extracts. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography showed the maximum number of anthocyanin peaks in black wheat, with delphinidin-3-o-galactoside chloride, delphinidin-3-o-glucoside chloride, and cyanindin-3-o-glucoside chloride as the major contributors. Among flour extracts, maximum zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 1934), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1434), Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans (MTCC 227) were produced by black flour extract, having the highest anthocyanin content. It exhibited a minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) of 200 mg/mL against E. coli and C. albicans; and 100 and 150 mg/mL against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Black and purple flour extracts exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 mg/mL against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. White flour extracts did not show MMC against E. coli and C. albicans. Among wheat-grass juice extracts, black wheat-grass was most effective and showed an MIC of 100–150 mg/mL against all pathogens. It exhibited an MMC of 200 mg/mL against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Hence, anthocyanin-rich colored wheat could be of nutraceutical importance.
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Safitri, Ratu, Lelani Reniarti, Madihah Madihah, Lila Delia, Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno, and Ramdan Panigoro. "The Effect of Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan), Wheat grass and Vitamin E Treatment on the Liver Structure of Iron overload of Rat (Rattus norvegicus)." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 6 (2017): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1159.
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This research was carried out to detect the effect of Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan), Wheat grass and Vitamin E Treatment on the liver structure of iron overload rat (Rattus norvegicus).The method of experimental used Completely Random Design (CRD in triple repetition. The treatment had been carried out orally. Iron dextran with total dose of 1.5 g kg-1 of body were given to rat on the first, fourth, seventh, ten and thirteenth day. Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan)200 mg kg-1 bw, 400 mg kg-1 bw, Wheat grass extract 100 mg kg-1 bw and Vitamin E 60 mg kg-1 bw were given to rat everyday for 15 days. At the seventeenth, rat were killed and their liver were taken. The observed parameters are morphological abnormality including the colour, the contour, ratio between liver weight and body weight as well as histological destruction. The result showed iron dextran treatment was proved the abnormality on morphological and histological desruction. Futhermore, Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan), Wheat grass and Vitamin E Treatment can decrease the morphological abnormality and the liver histological destructionon of iron overload rat. Keywords: Sappan Wood Extract, Wheat grass, Vitamin E, Iron, Morphological abnormality, Histological destruction
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Mukhopadhyay, Soma, Ashis Mukhopadhyay, Pinaki Ranjan Gupta, Manoj Kar, and Arpita Ghosh. "The Role of Iron Chelation Activity of Wheat Grass Juice in Blood Transfusion Requirement of Intermediate Thalassaemia." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 3829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3829.3829.
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Abstract Background: Previously it was thought that the chlorophyll of wheat grass (Triticum astevum) may be the substitute of haemoglobin of RBC having resemblance of similar structure. A group of Austrelian scientists tried to prove that wheat grass juice increases the foetal haemoglobin level 3–5 folds in intermediate thalassaemia patients. A pilot study with wheat grass juice in major thalassaemia patients were done by Dr. Marwa et al in IPGMR, Chandigarh, India. But there is no satisfactory explanation behind the reduced blood transfusion requirements after consumption of wheat grass juice for a long period. The aim of our study was to see the effect of wheat grass juice in blood transfusion requirement in intermediate thalassaemia patients and also do the biochemical analysis of the wheat grass juice. Material & Methods: During period from January 2003 to December 2006 we selected 200 intermediate thalassaemia patients (E-thalassaemia, E-Beta & Sickle thal) in the paediatric oncology department of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute. The age range of the patients was 1 year to 35 years (median age 18 years). The different types of thalasssaemia were E-Beta Thalassaemia 80% (160 patients), E-Thalassaemia 15% (30 patients) and Sickle Thalassaemia 5% (10 patients). When the wheat grasses were 5–7 days old, the fresh leaves including steams were made fresh juice and had given 30ml of juice daily to all our 200 patients for continuous 6 months. Wheat grass juice was analysed by column chromatography and found to be rich in oxalic acid and malic acid which might have some role in dietary absorption of iron from intestine. Beside that the wheat grass juice was found to contain a unique iron chelating property which was performed by deoxyribose degradation assay. We compared aqueous soluble extract of 5–7th day plant and our dose dependant study showed a significant iron chelating activity of crude extract in comparison to known standard iron chelator desferroxamine (DFO). The active compounds of crude extract of wheat grass may chelate catalytic iron in iron overload disorders when taking systematic dose. Result: The mean levels of haemoglobin before starting wheat grass juice were 6.2gm%. After 6months of wheat grass therapy the mean value for haemoglobin was 7.8gm% (pvalue <. 005). Twenty four patients (12%) require blood transfusion (haemoglobin < 6gm%). The performance status was improved from 60% to 80% (Karnofsky) after wheat grass treatment. The ferritin level of all patients before the study was found to be decreased significantly after wheat grass juice consumption. The mean interval between transfusion were found increased. Being a natural potent iron chelator and H2O2 quencher, it prevents the hydroxyl radical production by Fenton reaction in the RBC. Thus it may prevent the breakdown of plasma membrane of RBC and haemoglobin level becomes stable for a prolonged period. Conclusion: We may conclude that wheat grass juice is an effective alternative of blood transfusion. It’s use in intermediate thalassaemia patients should be encouraged.
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Sarker, Uttam Kumer, Md Salahuddin Kaysar, Jasmin Nahar, and Md Romij Uddin. "Reduction in use of herbicides by combining aqueous extract of grass pea for weed management and yield of wheat." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 7, no. 1 (2022): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.0701014.
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Nowadays, the increasing costs in the agricultural sector, increasing public concern about the widespread use of herbicides and the development non-chemical methods of weed control programs are alerting management. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of grass pea residues on weed management and crop performance of wheat. The experiment was comprised of three varieties of wheat viz., BARI Gom-30, BARI Gom-31, BARI Gom-32 and six different levels of treatments such as no weeding, recommended dose of herbicide, aqueous extraction of grass pea, 90% recommended dose + aqueous extraction of grass pea,80% recommended dose + aqueous extraction of grass pea, 70% recommended dose +aqueous extraction of grass pea, 60% recommended dose + aqueous extraction of grass pea. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Weed population, weed dry weight and weed control efficacy were significantly influenced by aqueous extract of grass pea crop residues and varieties. The highest numbers of tillers hill-1, numbers of grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were observed where recommended dose of herbicide was used followed by the application of 90% recommended dose +aqueous extraction of grass pea. BARI Gom-31along with 90% recommended dose +aqueous extraction of grass pea produced the highest grain and straw yield among the treatment combination. Therefore, aqueous extract of grass pea crop residues might be used as an alternative way for weed management in effective and sustainable crop production.
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Md., Giush Uddin Ahmed. "Assessment of nutrient content in grain, hydroponic and conventional fodder with focus on maize, wheat and Sudan grass." International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 24, no. 3 (2024): 187–94. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/24.3.187-194.
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Livestock nutrition plays a crucial role in ensuring animal health and productivity. However, the nutritional quality of fodder can vary significantly depending on cultivation methods, posing challenges for livestock farmers in providing balanced diets for their animals. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition of fodder produced using three different cultivation methods: grain, hydroponic, and conventional. Specific objectives included assessing the levels of crude protein, fiber, ether extract, and ashes in maize, wheat, and Sudan grass fodder types. Fodder samples were collected from representative farms and subjected to laboratory analysis to determine their chemical composition. Standard methods were employed to assess crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, ether extract, and ash content. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the results among different fodder types. Hydroponically cultivated fodder consistently exhibited higher levels of crude protein and ether extract compared to conventionally grown fodder. Additionally, conventional fodder types tended to have higher fiber and ash content. However, all fodder types showed variations in nutritional composition depending on the crop species. Hydroponic cultivation methods resulted in higher protein and lipid content in maize, wheat, and Sudan grass fodder. Conventional fodder types had higher levels of fiber and ash, potentially impacting digestibility and nutrient availability. The findings suggest that hydroponic cultivation methods hold promise for enhancing the nutritional quality of fodder, thereby improving livestock health and productivity. Farmers should consider integrating hydroponic systems into their fodder production practices to optimize animal nutrition and achieve better economic outcomes. published by the <strong> International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)</strong>
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Meda, Anderson R., Marcelo E. Cassiolato, Marcos A. Pavan, and Mário Miyazawa. "Alleviating soil acidity through plant organic compounds." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44, no. 2 (2001): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132001000200012.
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A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of water soluble plant extracts on soil acidity. The plant materials were: black oat, oil seed radish, white and blue lupin, gray and dwarf mucuna, Crotalaria spectabilis and C. breviflora, millet, pigeon pea, star grass, mato grosso grass, coffee leaves, sugar cane leaves, rice straw, and wheat straw. Plant extracts were added on soil surface in a PVC soil column at a rate of 1.0 ml min-1. Both soil and drainage water were analyzed for pH, Ca, Al, and K. Plant extracts applied on the soil surface increased soil pH, exchangeable Ca ex and Kex and decreased Al ex. Oil seed radish, black oat, and blue lupin were the best and millet the worst materials to alleviate soil acidity. Oil seed radish markedly increased Al in the drainage water. Chemical changes were associated with the concentrations of basic cations in the plant extract: the higher the concentration the greater the effects in alleviating soil acidity.
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Rahul Hait, Annasha Das, and Rupali Dhara Mitra. "Exploring The Effect of Wheat Grass Juice on Thalassaemia: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S6 (2023): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2583.
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Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying protein (haemoglobin) and a reduced number of red blood cells in the body compared to normal. Mild forms of thalassemia may not necessitate treatment, while severe cases may require blood transfusions or a stem-cell transplant from a donor. Wheatgrass extract is seen as a supplementary treatment option for thalassemia, although research in this field is still in its early stages. Wheatgrass is a low-calorie substance but rich in essential nutrients, including antioxidants like glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E that plays a crucial role in combating harmful free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and providing protection against conditions such as arthritis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed mechanism behind wheatgrass extract involves the swift absorption of chlorophyll and its action at the cellular level in the bone marrow, facilitating heme production. Treatment with wheatgrass tablets has been found to maintain serum ferritin levels and increase HbF levels in children with thalassemia who undergo frequent blood transfusions. However, it does not appear to reduce the frequency of blood transfusions required. Wheatgrass tablets also contribute to an improved quality of life for children with thalassemia. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of wheatgrass therapy in patients with transfusion-dependent anemia, further extensive studies involving a larger patient population would be necessary.
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Rustum, Adeeba Najam, Zina M. Abdul-Qader, and Sajid Odah Mohammed. "Use of water extract of common reed and johnsen grass flowers to increase yield and storage life of oyster mushroom." Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 5 (2018): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.59658/jkas.v5i5.598.
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Experiments were conducted in the mushroom project, dept. of Hort , college of Agric , Univ. of Baghdad from 2/2/2012 to 25/6/2013 . Pure culture of pleurotus ostreatus (Jaq. Fr.) was imported from Jordan , Plastic bags were filled with 1 KG of moist and sterilized wheat straw and 50 g of mushroom spawn was added to each bag, the bags were transferred to the incubation room at 25 +- 2 C for one month , Humidity was raised to 80-90% and light to 400 lux , Water extract of common reed and Johnson grass flowers of the following concentrations : 0.0% or 5% or 10% or 20% of one of the two extracts was added to the plastic bag after the pin heads formation .Fruiting bodies were harvested , dried and used to determine the concentration of the protein and phenolic compounds , the results showed that the fresh and the dry yield and the biological efficiency (BE) increased significantly with the increase of the concentration of the water extract of Johnson grass flowers , while increasing the concentration of the water extract of the common reed flowers to 20% reduced the fresh and the dry yield and the BE significantly compared with 10% and 5% concentrations , the best result was obtained from using10% of common reed flowers extract compared with all other treatments , the highest percentage of dry matter was obtained from using 10% of both kind of extracts , the concentrations of the phenolic compounds and the protein increased with the increase of both kinds of extracts ,the best concentration of the phenolic compounds and the protein was obtained from using 20% of common reed flowers extracts, the concentration of the protein and the phenolic compounds decreased during cold storage
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Nevskaya, Ekaterina, Aleksandra Zueva, and Alexey Belyaev. "Extract and Powder of Epilobium Angustifolium in Bakery Products." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, no. 1 (2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-1-61-69.
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Introduction. The modern food industry is currently facing the problem of the appropriate use of inexpensive and affordable domestic plant materials as an important source of vital substances. They can be used in formulations and production technologies of fortified functional foods. The present research featured the development and assessment of the quality of wheat bread fortified with willow weed (Epilobium Angustifolium).
 Study objects and methods. Samples of wheat bread were prepared from wheat baking flour of the highest grade. The extract and powder were prepared from crushed grass of Epilobium Angustifolium. The sensory and physico-chemical quality indicators of wheat bread samples were determined by conventional methods. The Harrington desirability function was used to improve the sensory properties of the wheat bread samples.
 Results and discussion. The interval ranges of values of the generalized desirability function were used to establish the values of this function for all samples of wheat bread fortified with Epilobium Angustifolium. The values proved to be in the range marked as “good”: D = 0.6927–0.6908. The powder of Epilobium Angustifolium increased the content of potassium in 100 g of bread by 5–12%, calcium – by 12–30%, magnesium – by 3–7%, and phosphorus – by 2–6%. When the extract was applied, the content of potassium and calcium increased by 7% and 13%, respectfully, while the content of magnesium and phosphorus increased by 4%.
 Conclusion. The extract of Epilobium Angustifolium fortified the samples of wheat bread with important mineral elements and increased their nutritional value. The physico-chemical indicators of the test samples did not deteriorate. The optimal dose of Epilobium Angustifolium powder was 3% vs. total flour mass. The sample of wheat bread with 3% of willow weed powder demonstrated good quality indicators, and its physico-chemical indicators met the requirements of the standard. The nutritional value of wheat bread samples fortified with Epilobium Angustifolium powder increased due to the larger content of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and potassium.
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Tibugari, H., and C. Chiduza. "Allelopathic sorghum aqueous root extracts inhibit germination and seedling growth of crops and weeds." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 4 (2022): 20036–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.109.19785.
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Allelopathic sorghum aqueous extracts can be used as sprays against weeds of arable lands. Water-soluble allelochemicals in the aqueous extracts may also negatively affect crops. Root aqueous extracts from the South African landrace sorghum IS9456 and the Botswanan commercial variety Mahube, with high (584.69 µg mg-1 root fresh weight) and low (17.38 µg mg-1 root fresh weight) sorgoleone contents respectively, were tested on germination, radicle length, plumule length and dry weight of goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn], blackjack [Bidens pilosa (L.)], maize [Zea mays (L.)], soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]. Factors in five glasshouse experiments were the two sorghum varieties and four root extract solutions (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%) (w/v) arranged in a randomised complete block design with six replications. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of variety and root aqueous extract on germination, radicle length, plumule length and dry weight of maize and on germination of wheat and goosegrass. The sorghum accession IS9456 significantly (P<0.05) reduced plumule length and dry weight of wheat and goosegrass and germination, plumule length and dry weight of soya bean and blackjack compared to Mahube. Increasing strength of root aqueous extract solution significantly (P<0.001) reduced plumule length and dry weight of wheat and goosegrass as well as germination and dry weight of soya bean and blackjack. Extracts from IS9456 had greater inhibitory effects on crop and weed germination and growth compared to those from Mahube. Due to its low sorgoleone content and weak weed suppression from its root aqueous extracts, Mahube may have low potential for use in allelopathic weed control. The sorghum accession IS9456, which also produces very high sorgoleone content, may be used in integrated weed management exploiting allelopathy from both sorgoleone and water-soluble allelochemicals, although farmers will have to be careful in terms of crop rotations since the aqueous extracts also inhibit germination and growth of some crops. Field studies may be required to further confirm allelopathic effects of root aqueous extracts from IS9456. Key words: sorghum allelopathy, aqueous extracts, germination, growth, maize, soya bean, goose grass, blackjack
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Drannikov, A. V., Ya P. Dombrovskaya, A. A. Derkanosova, E. V. Belokurova, D. S. Kitaev, and A. A. Shevtsov. "Application of water-honey extract of St. John’s wort herb to improve biotechnological and rheological properties of wheat dough." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012030.
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Abstract Experimental studies of the effect of water-honey extract of St. John's wort grass fermented by lactic acid bacteria Str.lactis and Str.cremoris on microorganisms causing microbiological deterioration of wheat flour bakery products showed a positive effect of the introduced component on the rheological and biotechnological parameters of wheat dough. By adding additional nutrients that activate the vital activity of the fermenting microflora, the gas-forming ability of the dough increased by 20%, the fermentation activity improved by 35%, and the desired dough acidity of 3.0 deg. was reached within 120 minutes, i.e. the fermentation process reduced by 60 minutes.
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Shrivastava, Amit Kumar, Pramila Thapa Magar, and Laxmi Shrestha. "Effect of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass in stress induced depression in Swiss mice." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 13, no. 3 (2022): 100630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100630.
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Zhi-Qi, Qiu, Cao Li-Xiang, Tan Hong-Ming, and Zhou Shi-Ning. "Isolation and characterization of endophytic Streptomyces sp. S5 with herbicidal activity from tomato roots." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (2006): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cjb200590.
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AbstractFifty-eight actinomycetes were isolated from surface-sterilized tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots and 43 isolates were screened for herbicidal activities. Isolate S5 was found to have potent herbicidal activity against germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) and grass (Paspalum notatum and Cynodon dactylon) seeds. But the metabolites of isolate S5 showed no influence on the growth of wheat seedlings. The S5 strain was identified as Streptomyces lavendulae var. glaucescens based on its morphological characteristics and physiological properties. The highest herbicidal activity was observed when 2% inocula were applied into S medium (containing 1% glucose, 0.3% beef extract and pH 7.0) and incubated at 25°C on a rotary shaker (160 rpm).
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Burducea, Marian, Ivayla Dincheva, Lenuta Dirvariu, Eugen Oprea, Valtcho D. Zheljazkov, and Cristian-Alin Barbacariu. "Wheat and Barley Grass Juice Addition to a Plant-Based Feed Improved Growth and Flesh Quality of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Animals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12081046.
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Phytogenics are plant extract additives used for their bioactive properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of plant extracts, wheat grass juice (WGJ) and barley grass juices (BGJ) addition to fish diet on growth and meat quality of common carp. Fish (51 ± 33 g initial weight) were fed for four weeks with three plant-based diets: (1) control feed (Con), (2) control feed supplemented with 2% WGJ (Con+WGJ), and (3) control feed supplemented with 2% BGJ (Con+BGJ). The results showed that the inclusion of the two juices in the plant-based feed stimulated the growth and improved meat quality by lowering the fat and ash content. Feed conversion ratio and condition factor were not affected. There were no significant differences in Fe and Zn contents of meat; however, Cu decreased, while Mn was lower in the Con+WGJ group and higher in the Con+BGJ group compared to Con. A high content of unsaturated fatty acids (FA, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and desirable ratios of saturated/unsaturated FA (0.27–0.29) and Ω6/Ω3 (2.5–2.78) were found in all groups. The juices were characterized in terms of lipid profile and polar compounds by GC-MS technique. The observed positive effects can be attributed to the rich composition of juices that included unsaturated FA, amino acids, sugars and organic compounds.
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Ganeshpurkar, Aditya, Nazneen Dubey, Divya Bansal, and Neelofar Khan. "Immunoprophylactic potential of wheat grass extract on benzene-induced leukemia: An in vivo study on murine model." Indian Journal of Pharmacology 47, no. 4 (2015): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.161261.
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Chacko, Anil, Shobha Chamania, and Vandana Bansal. "Efficacy of Wheat Grass Extract Versus Silver Sulfadiazine in 1–5% Second Degree Burns: a Randomized Controlled Trial." Indian Journal of Surgery 81, no. 3 (2018): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12262-018-1763-y.
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Maqbool, Rizwan, Iqra Anwar, Burhan Khalid, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf, Talha Riaz, and Muhammad Ather Nadeem. "Allelopathic Effects of Lepidium sativum Aqueous Extract on Germination and Seedling Growth of Phalaris minor: A Dose-Response Study." Journal of Plant Biota 4, no. 1 (2024): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.51470/jpb.2025.4.1.16.
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This investigation analyses the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum (garden cress) against the annual weed Phalaris minor (red rescue grass). This weed is a known problem in wheat crops. The application of Lepidium extracts with different concentrations of 0 to 80 percent was made over P. minor seeds in the laboratory and the growth parameters including the root and shoot length, fresh weights, germination percentage, mean emergence time, germination index and time to 50 percent emergence were analyzed. The lepidium extract was analyzed using HPLC and quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid were identified as the phenolic compounds responsible for allelopathic effects. The conclusion drawn is that there were significant concentration-dependent effects of Lepidium sativum extract on Phalaris minor. Root length was inhibited at 80 percent by 47 percent of the control, whereas shoot length exhibited a potential hormetic response and increased by 25.6 percent at 20 percent. There were variable responses of fresh weights and germination parameters across the extract treatments. A biphasic dose-response model identified an EC50 value of 12.4 percent for root length. The study showed that Lepidium extracts possess significant allelopathic potential against P. minor and can be helpful in sustainable weed management. However, the complex dose-dependent responses, including the hormetic effects, should be considered carefully for practical applications. The study contributes to the research on plant-derived allelochemicals with the potential for eco-friendly weed control while highlighting the importance of dose-response relationships in allelopathic interactions. Further field studies are required to validate the findings under real-world conditions. It also calls for broader ecological studies to recognize the potential adverse implications of artificial allelopathic procedures on the environment.
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Regand, Alejandra, and H. Douglas Goff. "Freezing and Ice Recrystallization Properties of Sucrose Solutions Containing Ice Structuring Proteins from Cold-Acclimated Winter Wheat Grass Extract." Journal of Food Science 70, no. 9 (2006): E552—E556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb08318.x.
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KONTOGIORGOS, V., A. REGAND, R. Y. YADA, and H. D. GOFF. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ICE STRUCTURING PROTEINS FROM COLD-ACCLIMATED WINTER WHEAT GRASS EXTRACT FOR RECRYSTALLIZATION INHIBITION IN FROZEN FOODS." Journal of Food Biochemistry 31, no. 2 (2007): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00112.x.
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Kajal, k. Patil, P. Patil Isha, A. Dhankani Mansi, R. Dhankani AmitKumar, and P. Pawar Sunil. "Triticum Aestivum: A Nutrition Rich Wonder Herb." Journal of Research and Reviews in Homeopathy, Siddha & Unani 1, no. 1 (2024): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10852820.
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<em>Many widely used drugs in modern medicine have their roots in herbal sources. Some are manufactured expressly to mimic naturally occurring substances found in plants, while others are made from extracts of plants. While wheatgrass, also known as the stalk of Triticum aestivum Linn. (Hindi: gehun, kanak; Sanskrit: godhuma), is a member of the Gramineae family and is well recognized as a superfood, its specific functional groups and underlying mechanisms are yet unknown. Over the course of six to ten days, wheat germinates and creates phenolic chemicals, including flavonoids, as well as vitamins and minerals. This procedure is called as wheatgrass. It has a high chlorophyll content as well as important minerals, vitamins, amino acids, nutritional fibers, and critical enzymes. This work aims to elucidate the respective functions of the many phytochemicals present in wheatgrass extracts. The procedure involved cleaning the leaves of the chosen medicinal plant, let them to dry naturally, and then powdering them. A comprehensive phytochemical analysis was conducted on the gathered leaf extract samples in order to identify the specific components that comprise the plant’s phytochemical profile. Research has demonstrated the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti- rheumatoid arthritis, anti-ulcer, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, and blood-building properties of wheat grass in thalassemia patients. There are various ways to consume wheatgrass, including juice, powder, pills, capsules, and tablets. It is said that this wheatgrass is a “super food.” This review provides a more comprehensive and rigorously scientific overview of the study, including information about the methodology, phytochemical analysis, and potential health benefits of wheatgrass consumption.</em>
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Yang, Myung-Soon. "Development of Sauce Paste for Topping Using Sprouted Oat Powder with Protective Effect in HT22 Brain Neurons." Korea Industrial Technology Convergence Society 28, no. 3 (2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29279/jitr.2023.28.3.19.
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This study aimed to develop a sauce paste (SP) with functional properties to improve brain health. Sprouted oat powder (SOP) was used as a substitute for wheat medium flour (WMF). SP was developed from 1% turmeric root powder, 75% tomato paste, and several concentrations of SOP, namely, 5% (T1), 10% (T2), and 15% (T3). The control (T0) contained 5% WMF instead of SOP. The L values of the samples decreased, and the a and b values increased in a dose-dependent manner similar to the viscosity and organoleptic properties. The samples displayed grass taste and smell in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that seasonings should be used to mask the adverse flavor or to improve the flavor to make the SP appropriate for use as food topping. An extract of SP T2 (15% SOP) was used to test the protective effects of SP in brain neurons, HT22 cells. T2 extract showed anti-inflammatory effect on Raw 264.7 macrophages, and inhibitory effect in HT22 cell death resulting from by oxidative stress. These results indicate that SOP could be used to prepare SP for toppings as a thickening agent, replacing WMF.
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Atlanderova, Kseniya, Ayna Makaeva, Sergej Miroshnikov, and Galimzhan Duskaev. "PSVII-18 Change in the taxonomic composition of ruminal microflora against the background of copper and plant extract." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (2021): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.430.
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Abstract Plant extracts are used in cattle diets to stimulate growth and immunity, while the unstable biochemical composition of plants contributes to the search for effective compositions that exhibit a synergistic effect. Objective of the study is the effect of an aqueous extract of oak bark (0.7 ml/kg of live weight) - group I, copper particles specific surface area 24 m2/g; 0.06 mg/kg of live weight - group II, their compositions (group III) on the taxonomic composition of the bacterial community of the rumen of cattle. Bulls had rumen fistulas Bos taurus at the age of 13 months (n = 5). Test samples of feed components were given with a concentrated portion of the main diet. Diet contain 60% - roughage (hay of Sudanese grass and alfalfa), 35% - concentrated feed (mixture of barley, wheat, sunflower husk, bran). The taxonomic composition of ruminal content was determined by NGS sequencing on a MiSeq device (Illumina, USA). It was found that the combined use of the extract and copper UFPs increases the concentration of representatives of Bacteroidetes in the rumen by 5.6%, the separate use of copper UFPs is by 20.7% (P ≤ 0.05), at the same time the values of representatives of Firmicutes decreased - by 7.2 and 24.7% (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison with the control. At the taxon level, the following classes prevailed: Bacilli (2.6%) in group I; Bacteroidia (17.0%) in II, in III - Bacteroidia (5.0%) in comparison with the control. In the experimental groups, at the genus level, a lower content of Streptococcus and the absence of Faecalibacterium were registered. Thus, the composition of plant extract and copper has an inhibitory effect on certain representatives of pathogenic bacteria. The results obtained indicate that the combined use of these substances is promising. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (20-16-00088).
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Chomchan, Rattanamanee, Asst Prof Dr Sunisa Siripongvutikorn, Dr Panupong Puttarak, and Ms Rungtip Rattanapon. "Investigation of Phytochemical Constituents, Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Ricegrass Juice compared to Wheatgrass Juice." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, no. 12 (2016): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i12.290.
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Background: Cereal grass has been brought attention as a new functional food. Wheatgrass juice was known as a super food which provides lots of advantages for human health. However, the young stage of rice sprout has not been made widely known for consumption, though it is in the similar family to wheat (Poaeceae). Accordingly, ricegrass juice can and should be introduced, especially in Asian countries, as an economical functional drink. Nevertheless, currently there is none of the apparent evidences which confirm the nutritive values of ricegrass juice compared to wheatgrass juice.Objective: To investigate the chemical compositions, major phytochemical constituents, bioactive compounds content, specific phenolic profiles, and in vitro antioxidant activities of ricegrass juice compared to wheatgrass juice. Methods: Rice and wheat seeds were germinated and grown hydroponically for 8 days. Both fresh plants were determined for chemical compositions. Next, the grasses were extracted with water, centrifuged, and the supernatants were tested for chlorophyll, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents. The left-over supernatant were freeze-dried. The extracts were then screened for the main group of phytochemicals, total extractable phenolic and specific phenolic compounds. Lastly, the extracts were tested for the antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, FCA and HRSA. Results: Data revealed that wheatgrass contained higher levels of protein and fat. Both ricegrass and wheatgrass juice extract exhibited the group of phenol, tannin and saponin but not alkaloid, flavonoid, sterol, terpenoid, courmarin, and cardiac glycoside. Wheatgrass juice can be detected for higher level of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll. Both grass juices were found the similar phenolic acids analyzed by HPLC included pyrogallol, vanilic acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid, however, ricegrass juice contained larger amounts of all phenolic acids excluding syringic acid. Conversely, wheatgrass juice exposed higher antioxidant activities for all methods. This may propose from the synergistic effects of ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, and phenolic compounds in wheatgrass juice, while the main composites exhibited antioxidant activities in ricegrass were phenolic compounds.Conclusion: Ricegrass juice contained great level of phenolic acid molecules. Even if ricegrass juice gave less statistically ability on antioxidant activities, they still had comparable levels of antioxidant activities. With the reduction in cost of raw materials and contribution of high nutritional values, ricegrass juice could be introduced as an antioxidant boosting drink in competition to wheatgrass juice.Keywords: Antioxidant, Phytochemical, Phenolic compounds, Ricegrass, Wheatgrass
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Barbacariu, Cristian-Alin, Marian Burducea, Lenuta Dîrvariu, et al. "Evaluation of Diet Supplementation with Wheat Grass Juice on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Blood Biochemical Profile of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Animals 11, no. 9 (2021): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092589.
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Wheat grass juice (WGJ) is an extract of young wheat plantlets (Triticum aetivum L.) used worldwide for its health related properties. In this study, the following feeds containing WGJ were tested on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Control (C), WGJ1% (V1), WGJ2% (V2) and WGJ4% (V3) w/w. Fish with an average initial weight of 102 g/individual were grown in a recirculating aquaculture system. The results showed that WGJ had stimulatory effects on growth performance. Accordingly, final body weight increased by 11% at V1, 39% at V2 and 23% at V3, while other indices (feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and condition factor) were unaffected. Body composition analyses revealed a significant decrease in fat content at V2 and a significant increase in collagen and ash at the same variant, while the protein content was unmodified. Regarding the blood profile, significant increases in the content of albumin, globulin, total protein, and calcium were recorded in the variants with WGJ. The positive results of WGJ on carp can be attributed to its biochemical composition, which is rich in chlorophyll (4.71 mg mL−1), total phenols (164 µg mL−1 gallic acid equivalents), and high antioxidant activity (67% inhibition of DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results suggest WGJ can be used as a promising feed additive for common carp.
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Rajpurohit, Ladusingh, Nishant Mehta, AnilV Ankola, and Akshata Gadiyar. "Evaluation of the anti-microbial activity of various concentration of wheat grass (Triticum aestivum) extract against Gram-positive bacteria: An in vitro study." Journal of Dental Research and Review 2, no. 2 (2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2348-2915.161204.
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Martínez, Anny Daniela, Amaury Blanco Paz, Vanessa Chavarro-Anzola, Juan Carlos Barrios Murcia, and Eddy J. Bautista. "Xylanase production by Penicillium sp. Pn004 and its application for grass hydrolysis: high value subproduct from non-centrifugal sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran." Scientia Agropecuaria 15, no. 2 (2024): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.015.
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Worldwide more than 7 billion tons of lignocellulosic biomass will be produced by 2025. In Colombia, these residues are mainly disposed of in rivers and open fields, and only 10% is reused and recycled. Non-centrifugal sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a residue obtained after sugarcane juice extraction during the manufacturing process of panela and is mostly used as fuel for boilers at sugar mills. Wheat bran (WB) is the main waste from wheat flour production. Nonetheless, the chemical composition of these by-products makes them suitable for use as substrates for hemicellulolytic enzyme production from fungi. Here, a whole process for production in a solid-state fermentation system, recovery, and ultrafiltration process for concentration of xylanases by Penicillium sp. Pn004 is presented. The higher productivity (26.7 ± 1.59 U gds-1 day-1) was reached on the fifth day of fermentation with an enzyme activity of 130.0 ± 7.95 U gds-1. The batch ultrafiltration process allowed increasing the xylanase activity up to 19-fold in the retentate, from 66.47 U mL-1 to 1486.83 U mL-1, without reaching a steady state flux through the membrane. Finally, the enzymatic extract achieved a 43% release of sugar from kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus), showing its potential to be used as an additive for silage or for enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials for sugar production.
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Ch., Shivakanth, and Rao Manohar. "Elemental Analysis of Tridax procumbens shoot extract and its significance." Biolife 3, no. 4 (2022): 811–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7306485.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <em>Tridax procumbens</em> is known to be used since ages for the treatment of several diseases as described in the texts of ancient Indian Medicine. It is a semi prostate annual herb whose leaves are used for the treatment of bronchial catarrh, dysentery, diarrhoea and to prevent hairfall. Its flowers and leaves possess antiseptic, insecticidal, parasiticidal properties and are also used to check haemorrhage from cuts, bruises and wounds. The present study explores the metal composition of Tridax procumbens shoot extract for the selected metals. <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Tridax procumbens, </em>Iron, Zinc, Calcium, Cobalt, Copper, Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel, Manganese, Lead, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Marschner H, 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press. ISBN 0-12-473542-8. Shinonaga T, Pröhl G, Müller H, Ambe S, 1999b. Experimentally determined mobility of trace elements in soybean plants. Sci. Tot. Environ. 225: 241–248. Tiffin L O, 1977. The form and distribution of metals in plants: an overview. Proc. Hanford life Sci. Symp. U. S. Dept of energy, Symposium series, Washington DC, pp 315. Zimdahl R L, 1975. Entry and movement in vegetation of lead derived from air and soil sources. Proc. 68th Annu. Meeting of the air pollution control ass, Boston, Mass, June 15, pp 2. Wang H F, Takematsu N, Ambe S, 2000. Effects of soil acidity on the uptake of trace elements in soybean and tomato plants. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 52: 803–811. Asher C J, Butler G W, Peterson P J, 1977. Selenium transport in root systems of tomato. J. Exp. Bot. 28: 279–291. Gissel-Nielsen G, 1987. Fractionation of selenium in barley and rye-grass. J. Plant Nutr. 10: 2147–2152. Zhang F, Romheld V, Marschner H, 1989. Effect of zinc deficiency in wheat on the release of zinc and iron mobilizing root exudates. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 152: 205–210. Analysis of Plant Tissue: Wet Digestion (AY-5), pg. 141, Perkin Elmer Guide to all..!, Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, September -1996.
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Kothari, Saroj, and Ajay Gupta. "Experimental evaluation of anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (wheatgrass) in albino mice." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research 11, no. 3 (2023): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.3.41.47.
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Background: Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric conditions. The present study was carried out to find antianxiety and antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (wheat grass) in mice. Materials and methods: The methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (META) was screened for antianxiety activity by elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark box (LDB) and for antidepressant activity by forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Animals were divided into four groups having six animals in each group. Group I served as control and received gum acacia aqueous suspension 10 ml/kg, Groups II and III served as test groups and received META 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, Group IV served as standard group and received diazepam 1 mg/kg for antianxiety activity and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) for antidepressant activity once daily for thirty days. Result: META 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant (P < 0.01) dose-dependent increase in entries and stay in the open arms in EPM and entries and stay in the light compartment in LDB as compared to control. Antianxiety effect of META at dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P > 0.05) with diazepam 1mg/kg. META 200 and 400 mg/kg also produced dose-dependent significant (P < 0.01) antidepressant effect, indicated by reduction in the immobility time as compared to control in both FST and TST. The antidepressant activity of META at dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P > 0.05) with fluoxetine 20 mg/kg. Conclusion: Results of our study suggested that META possess dose-dependent significant antianxiety and antidepressant activities.
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Sundaresan, Athul, Arul Selvi, and H. K. Manonmani. "http://www.lifescienceglobal.com/journals/international-journal-of-biotechnology-for-wellness-industries/volume-4-number-3/86-abstract/ijbwi/1860-abstract-the-anti-microbial-properties-of-triticum-aestivum-wheat-grass-extract." International Journal of Biotechnology for Wellness Industries 4, no. 3 (2015): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2015.04.03.1.
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Naz, Irum, Aneela Tahira, Arfana Begum Mallah, et al. "Detection of Dopamine Using Hybrid Materials Based on NiO/ZnO for Electrochemical Sensor Applications." Catalysts 15, no. 2 (2025): 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15020116.
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Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which is classified as a catecholamine. It is also one of the main metabolites produced by some tumor types (such as paragangliomas and neoblastomas). As such, determining and monitoring the level of dopamine is of the utmost importance, ideally using analytical techniques that are sensitive, simple, and low in cost. Due to this, we have developed a non-enzymatic dopamine sensor that is highly sensitive, selective, and rapidly detects the presence of dopamine in the body. A hybrid material fabricated with NiO and ZnO, based on date fruit extract, was synthesized by hydrothermal methods and using NiO as a precursor material. This paper discusses the role of date fruit extracts in improving NiO’s catalytic performance with reference to ZnO and the role that they play in this process. An X-ray powder diffraction study, a scanning electron microscope study, and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study were performed in order to investigate the structure of the samples. It was found that, in the composite NiO/ZnO, NiO exhibited a cubic phase and ZnO exhibited a hexagonal phase, both of which exhibited well-oriented aggregated cluster shapes in the composite. A hybrid material containing NiO and ZnO has been found to be highly electro-catalytically active in the advanced oxidation of dopamine in a phosphate buffer solution at a pH of 7.3. It has been found that this can be accomplished without the use of enzymes, and the range of oxidation used here was between 0.01 mM and 4 mM. The detection limit of non-enzymatic sensors is estimated to be 0.036 μM. Several properties of the non-enzymatic sensor presented here have been demonstrated, including its repeatability, selectivity, and reproducibility. A test was conducted on Sample 2 for the detection of banana peel and wheat grass, and the results were highly encouraging and indicated that biomass waste may be useful for the manufacture of medicines to treat chronic diseases. It is thought that date fruit extracts would prove to be valuable resources for the development of next-generation electrode materials for use in clinical settings, for energy conversion, and for energy storage.
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Nurhalina, Desiana Linda, Derek Kornelis Erari, Kati Syamsudin Kadang Tola, and Yohanis Amos Mustamu. "Konsentrasi beberapa ekstrak daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) sebagai herbisida nabati pada pertumbuhan gulma rumput grinting (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.)." Agrotek 9, no. 1 (2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/agrotek.v9i1.193.
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The objectives of the study were to determine the inhibition of Terminalia catappa leaf extract on the growth of grinting grass weed (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) as well as determine at what concentration it could inhibit growth of grinting grass weed. The research method used in this study is an experimental method with observation techniques. The results of this study found that Terminalia catappa leaf extract can inhibit the growth of grinting grass weed (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.). Furthermore, 20% of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was the most effective concentration in inhibiting grinting grass weed. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to organic herbicides.
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Yuste, S., Z. Amanzougarene, G. de la Fuente, M. Fondevila, and A. de Vega. "Growth and bacterial dynamics of beef calves during transition from milk/pasture to a high-concentrate diet added with tannins or medium-chain fatty acids." Animal Production Science 61, no. 12 (2021): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an21043.
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Context Rumen fermentation modulation with feed additives during the transition period to high-concentrate diets might help to avoid bacterial dysbiosis. Aims Assessing the effects of the addition of tannins and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to the adaptation diet of beef calves to a high-concentrate ration on the rate of intake, animal performance and rumen bacterial composition. Methods Eighteen 7-month-old beef calves were abruptly weaned and transitioned over a 28-day period from a milk/grass regime to one of the following diets: a non-supplemented high-concentrate diet plus wheat straw, both given ad libitum (C); C plus 20 g/kg of a 65:35 chestnut and quebracho tannin extract; and C plus 6 g/kg of a commercial mixture of MCFA. Concentrate and straw rate of intake were recorded. Rumen fluid was collected on Days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 at 0, 3, 6 and 9 h after feeding to characterise rumen fermentation. Samples from 0 h were analysed to assess the bacterial population using Ion Torrent sequencing. Key results The rate of intake of concentrates and straw, as well as daily gains and final weights, were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among diets. The addition of tannins or MCFA did not modify (P = 0.98) the rumen bacterial population, which was affected by sampling day (P &lt; 0.001). The additives inclusion did not affect relative abundances of the main bacterial taxa (P &lt; 0.05), most of them differing across days (P &lt; 0.001). Diversity indexes (Shannon and richness) declined over sampling days (P &lt; 0.05), although some genera emerged after concentrate inclusion. Conclusions At the doses used in the present experiment, tannins and MCFA did not exert any effect on intake, animal performance and bacterial population. Abrupt transition to high-concentrate diets modified the rumen environment and bacterial community, indicating bacterial adaptation to new environmental conditions. Implications Abrupt transition of 7-month-old calves from milk/pasture to a high-concentrate diet did not impair rumen microbiota or performance; therefore, the use of feed additives seems unnecessary.
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Lima, Amanda Beatriz Sales de, Daniela Oliveira dos Santos, Vítor Visintin Silva de Almeida, Aline Cardoso Oliveira, and Leandro Soares Santos. "Quantificação de constituintes fenólicos de extratos de própolis vermelha de diferentes concentrações por HPLC." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 8 (2022): e1111830536. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.30536.
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Red propolis is an apicultural product of high chemical complexity from the mangrove regions of the northeastern coast of Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic composition of ethanolic extracts of red propolis obtained by maceration with different concentrations and extraction cycles in order to indicate the ideal conditions to maximize the extraction of phenolic compounds. Extracts with 10, 20 and 30 g.100mL-1 were obtained and the phenolic constituents (gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic, coumaric, ferulic, catechin, kaempferol, pyrocatechin, quercetin, naringenin, daidzein, formononetin and biochanin A) were identified and quantified by HPLC. The extracts showed higher concentrations of flavonoids compared to phenolic acids. Among the flavonoids, Naringenin was found in higher concentrations followed by Formononetin, two important biomarkers of red propolis. Caffeic acid was the phenolic acid present in highest concentration. High chemical complexity was observed in the extracts, with high concentrations of compounds considered bioactive. According to what was observed, it is indicated the production of the extract with 20 grams and two cycles of extraction or with 30 grams and three cycles.
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Wasonga, Caroline, and Maureen Osoro. "Anti-tumour Activity of Aqueous Wheat Grass Extracts against Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 12, no. 03 (2017): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203072428.
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Jabran, Khawar, Muhammad Farooq, Mubshir Hussain, and Muhammad Ali. "Wild Oat (Avena Fatua L.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris Minor Ritz.) Management Through Allelopathy." Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, no. 1 (2010): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-010-0007-3.
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Wild Oat (Avena FatuaL.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris MinorRitz.) Management Through AllelopathyEnvironmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus albaL.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera(L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) and canary grass (Phalaris minorRitz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.
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Alekhya, Veermaneni, Thiyagarajan Deepan, and Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju. "IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF WHEATGRASS BY 1,1- DIPHENYL, 2 PICRYLHYDRAZYL METHOD." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.27705.
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Objective: This study was designed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity and wound healing activity in Triticum aestivum (wheat grass).Methods: T. aestivum commonly known as Wheatgrass had a wide range of health benefits among the young grass of common wheat plant components includes chlorophyll, flavonoids, and Vitamins A, C, and E. Wheatgrass is used in Folklore medicine for treatment of skin diseases and wound healing. In our present study, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. aestivum have been evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity and wound healing activity by 1,1- diphenyl, 2 Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and Chick chorioallantoic method, respectively.Results: The results of both the assay showed that all the extracts of T. aestivum have significant antioxidant and wound healing activity on dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The wheatgrass has antioxidant and wound healing activity.
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Porat, Andreas E., Meity M. Laut, and Nemay A. Ndaong. "Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Rumput Paitan (Paspalum conjugatum) terhadap Kesembuhan Luka Insisi pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)." JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER 12, no. 2 (2024): 207–20. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v12i2.17032.
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Indonesia has the largest biodiversity in the world (Megabiodiversity), including Paitan Grass (Paspalum conjugatum) or what will hereinafter be called P. conjugatum, which is a forage plant for livestock (HPT). In several regions such as the Philippines, Kalimantan, Papua New Guinea and Manggarai, this grass is commonly used as a wound medicine. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Paitan Grass leaf extract on incisional wounds in white rats. The method used was laboratory experimental, using Paitan Grass (P. conjugatum) which was extracted using a maceration technique with 70% ethanol solvent for 3 days, and applied to white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which had been incised in vivo. This study had 3 groups, namely positive control (povidone iodine 10%), negative control (NaCl 0.9%), and Paitan Grass extract. The parameters for observing incisional wound healing in this research were the length of time, speed of hemostasis, wound color, exudate and crusting, and the length of time for wound healing which was measured for 14 days. Measured using a caliper. The results obtained were analyzed using One Way ANNOVA Tukey HSD advanced test. The results showed that Paitan Grass (P. conjugatum) extract was effective in speed of hemostasis (P>0.05) with positive control, color change in 48 hours, exudate visible in 24 hours, crusting and speed of wound healing (P<0.05 ) with both control groups, but there was no significance (P>0.05) between the positive control and negative control.
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Malla, Sudhakar. "Healing Effects of Wheat Grass (Triticum aestivum L) Extracts on RBC Membrane Damage." American Journal of Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2014020601.15.
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Bishop, Deborah L., Howard G. Levine, Bradley R. Kropp, and Anne J. Anderson. "Seedborne Fungal Contamination: Consequences in Space-Grown Wheat." Phytopathology® 87, no. 11 (1997): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1997.87.11.1125.
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Plants grown in microgravity are subject to many environmental stresses that may promote microbial growth and result in disease symptoms. Wheat (cv. Super Dwarf) recovered from an 8-day mission aboard a NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) space shuttle showed disease symptoms, including girdling of leaf sheaths and chlorosis and necrosis of leaf and root tissues. A Neotyphodium species was isolated from the seed and leaf sheaths of symptomatic wheat used in the spaceflight mission. Certain isozymes of a peroxidase unique to extracts from the microgravity-grown plants were observed in extracts from earth-grown Neotyphodium-infected plants but were not present in noninfected wheat. The endophytic fungus was eliminated from the wheat seed by prolonged heat treatment at 50°C followed by washes with water at 50°C. Plants from wheat seed infected with the Neotyphodium endophyte were symptomless when grown under greenhouse conditions, whereas symptoms appeared after only 4 days of growth in closed containers. Disease spread from an infected plant to noninfected plants in closed containers. Dispersion via spores was found on asymptomatic plants at distances of 7 to 18 cm from infected plants. The size and shape of the conidia, mycelia, and phialide-bearing structures and the ability to grow rapidly on carbohydrates, especially xylose, resembled the characteristics of N. chilense, which is pathogenic on orchard grass, Dactylis glomerata. The Neotyphodium wheat isolate caused disease symptoms on other cereals (wheat cv. Malcolm, orchard grass, barley, and maize) grown in closed containers.
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Isnaini, Muharrammah, and Reni Agustina Harahap. "Substitution of Durian Seed Flour and Butterfly Pea Flower Extra in Donuts as Children's Healthy Snack." Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal 17, no. 2 (2023): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v17i2.8454.
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Background: Snacks, of course, cannot be separated from human life, especially for children who are growing up. Technological developments have made local food commodities utilize waste durian seeds and use butterfly pea flowers. Durian seed flour and butterfly pea flower have good nutritional content for children's food. Method: This study is an experimental study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatments. (Treatment A) 170 grams of wheat flour + 30 grams of durian seed flour + butterfly pea flower extract, (Treatment B) 140 grams of wheat flour + 60 grams of durian seed flour + butterfly pea flower extract. The organoleptic test assessment was carried out by 25 untrained panelist subjects who were carried out at the Mandiri College Elementary School, Siombak, Medan Marelan. Results: From the above results we can see that treatment A with the addition of 30 grams of durian seed flour and extra butterfly pea flowers was the most preferred in terms of aroma, texture, color, and taste. The color category has a very fond interest with a value of 4.04, the aroma category has a liking interest with a value of 3.96, the texture category has a very fond interest with a value of 4.08, the taste category has a very like interest with a value of 4.28. Conclusion: Substituting durian seed flour and extra butterfly pea flowers for donuts can be another solution for healthy snacks for elementary school children.
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Fathurrahman, Moh, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi, and Syakir Wadiyo. "KERSEN LEAF EXTRACT (Muntingia Calabura L.) FOR YARN DYEING APPLICATIONS IN LOMBOK-INDONESIAN WEAVING ARTISANS." Fibres and Textiles 32, no. 2 (2025): 23–35. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2025-2-003.
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This study aims to analyze the process of making natural dye extracts from Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) and the results of dyeing weaving yarn in weaving artisans in Lombok, Indonesia. This natural dye is expected to be an environmentally friendly alternative dye that uniquely enriches local cultural heritage. The cloth that has been dyed with kersen leaf extract is then fixed with three types of fixators, namely: alum solution (Al₂(SO₄)₃K₂SO₄24H₂O), lime solution (Ca(OH)₂), and ferrous sulfate solution (FeSO₄·7H₂O). The results of the study showed: 1) The technique of making natural dye extracts from kersen leaves carried out by the researcher through the extraction technique of materials with a composition of 200 grams of kersen leaves: 1,000 ml of water into 500 mL of extract solution while what the weavers did was 15 kg of kersen leaves: 30 litres of water into 15 litres of material solution that is ready to be used to dye woven yarn; 2) The use of fixators in addition to directing colors also locks the color on the dyed yarn so that it does not fade easily; the alum solution fixator produces brighter colors; the lime solution fixator produces colors that tend to brown; and the ferrous sulfate ban produces a darker color towards black. This finding recommends the use of kersen leaf extract as an alternative solution for environmentally friendly natural dyes to be used in yarn dyeing in the weaving industry.
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Marasinghe, Sanjila, Nazrin Marikkar, Swarna Wimalasiri, Lalith Jayasinghe, and Ruvini Liyanage. "Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Coconut Testa Flour of Selected Local Coconut Cultivars of Sri Lanka." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036124.
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Coconut testa is the thin brown colored outer skin of coconut endosperm. It is often peeled off from the kernel during coconut processing due to unfavorable brown colour it might impart on finished products. An attempt was made to utilize coconut testa to produce defatted flour as a substitute for wheat flour in bakery products. Aim of this study was to compare the total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of coconut testa flour of four local cultivars namely san raman (SR), gon thembili (GT), ran thembili (RT), TallxTall (TxT) against the commercial hybrid (COM) grown in Sri Lanka. Hundred grams of coconut testa flour produced from partially defatted coconut pairings was extracted with 70% ethanol-water mixture. The TPC and FRAP assays were conducted using a 96 well micro plate reader. Percentage yield (%) of crude extracts of SR, RT, GT, TXT and COM were 8.26, 6.87, 7.66, 8.06 and 11.17, respectively. The maximum TPC content was observed in TXT (62.58 ± 5.99 mg GAE/g of extract) while the minimum TPC content was recorded for GT (27.53 ± 4.54 mg GAE/g of extract). The lowest FRAP value was observed for SR (0.26 ± 0.02 mmol FeSO4/g of extract) while the highest FRAP value was observed for COM (0.67 ± 0.00 mmol FeSO4/g of extract) variety. In conclusion, coconut testa flour is a rich source of phenolics and antioxidants. The presence of these bioactives would make it a potential functional ingredient in food processing industry.
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Jamil, Muhammad, Zahid Ata Cheema, M. Naeem Mushtaq, Muhammad Farooq, and Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema. "Alternative control of wild oat and canary grass in wheat fields by allelopathic plant water extracts." Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29, no. 3 (2009): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009007.
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Shin, Bo-Kyung, Na-Gyeong Koo, Yun-Ji Lee, et al. "Physicochemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Coffee Extracts Prepared by Partial Substitution with Wheat and Barley Grass." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 52, no. 5 (2023): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2023.52.5.509.
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Ahmad, Riza Zainuddin, and Djaenudin Gholib. "Cemaran Kapang pada Pakan Sapi dan Uji In Vitro Sirih terhadap Pertumbuhan Kapang Aspergillus flavus (MOLD CONTAMINATION IN CATTLE FEED AND IN VITRO ASSAY OF PIPER BETEL AGAINTS GROWTH OF MOLD CONTAMINANT ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS )." Jurnal Veteriner 18, no. 3 (2017): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.3.453.
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Contamination of mold in feed and Ingridients of feed is important because pathogenic and toxigenic mold will contaminate and cause mycotic and mycotoxicosis on livestock especially cattle. Information regarding the data is required in an attempt to controll of mold contaminant. Base on the previous study piper betel leaf (Piper betle) showed high activity as antimold. The aim of this study were to obtain data of mold contamination in cattle feed and ingredients of feed from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java, and to test piper betel as an antimold herbal from traditional medicinal plants originated from Indonesia. Isolation and identification of fungi were conducted on the flour, glycerides, onggok, corn, peanut, coconut, coffee, concentrates, lamtoro, pineapple, rice, grass, palm, cassava, tofu lees, fish meal, bone meal from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java. Isolation was done by plating the samples on agar medium, The mold have grown on media was identified. Feed that has been mixed with the extracts and powders plus mold inoculum was incubated. After 3=7 days incubation, colony forming unit (CFU) of the mixtures were counted. The results showed that the majority of feed contaminated with mold, but still below the threshold. The mold contamination in wheat flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees exceeds from the threshold. Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. Candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Mycelia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. Penicillium sp were most commonly found in the feed as much as 2.56 x 107 CFU. At a concentration of 10%. in vitro test showed that the piper betel leaf in powder form is more effective than extract form to inhibit the growth of A.flavus The conclusion of this study was flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees contaminated by molds. Penicillium sp and 17 species of mold were the most frequently found compared to other fungi. Powders the best form of the piper betel as antimold.
 ABSTRAK
 Cemaran kapang pada pakan dan bahan penyusunnya adalah penting sebab kapang yang tergolong patogenik dan toksigenik dapat mencemari dan menyebabkan mikosis dan mikotoksikosis pada ternak sapi. Informasi mengenai kapang pencemar diperlukan dalam usaha pengendaliannya. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui daun sirih (Piper betle) mempunyai aktivitas antikapang yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data cemaran kapang pada pakan ternak sapi dan bahan penyusunnya dari propinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat, serta menguji sirih sebagai obat herbal antikapang yang telah terpilih dari tanaman obat tradisional asli Indonesia. Isolasi dan identifikasi kapang telah dilakukan pada tepung, gliserida, onggok, jagung, kacang, kelapa, kopi, konsentrat, lamtoro, nenas, beras, rumput, sawit, singkong, ampas tahu, tepung ikan, tepung tulang dari provinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat. Isolasi dilakukan dengan membiakkan sampel pada media agar, Kapang yang sudah tumbuh pada media diidentifikasi. Pakan yang telah dicampur dengan ektrak dan serbuk ditambahkan inokulum kapang, kemudian diinkubasi. Setelah 3-7 hari diinkubasi, dihitung colony forming unit (CFU) yang berkembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pakan tercemar kapang, tetapi levelnya masih berada di bawah batas ambang. Cemaran kapang pada tepung, jagung, konsentrat, dan ampas tahu melebihi batas ambang. Kapang-kapang tersebut adalah Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Miselia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., dan Rhizopus sp. Kapang Penicillium sp adalah yang paling banyak ditemukan pada pakan yakni sebanyak 2,56.107 CFU. Uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa daun sirih dalam bentuk serbuk lebih efektif dibandingkan bentuk ekstrak untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. flavus pada konsentrasi 10%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tepung, jagung, konsentrat dan ampas tahu tercemar oleh kapang. Ditemukan 17 jenis kapang pencemar pakan dan kapang Penicillium sp yang paling banyak jumlahnya. Antikapang sirih yang terbaik adalah dalam bentuk serbuk.
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Wijaya, Hasty Martha, and Rifda Naufa Lina. "Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan Suspensi Kombinasi Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Dan Umbi Rumput Teki (Cyperus Rotundus L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Suspending Agent Pga (Pulvis Gummi Arabici) Dan Cmc-Na (Carboxymethylcellulosum Natrium)." Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 2 (2021): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31596/cjp.v5i2.160.
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Suspension preparations are made because some of the active substances have a solubility that is practically insoluble in water, but is required in liquid form. Among the medicinal plants that are practically insoluble in water are papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) and teki grass tubers (Cyperus rotundus L.), so they are made in the form of a suspension to produce stable preparations. Papaya seeds and teki grass tubers are plants that have pharmacological activities as antibacterial, laxative and pancreatic lipase inhibitors. In the suspension formulation of extracts of papaya seeds and teki grass tubers, a combination of suspending agents PGA (pulvis gummi arabici) and CMC-Na (Carboxymethylcellulosum Sodium) was used. PGA at a concentration of less than 10% has a low viscosity so that it can accelerate sedimentation, so PGA is combined with CMC-Na which is a suspending agent that can increase viscosity and can increase suspension stability. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the combination of suspending agents PGA and CMC-Na on the physical properties of extracts of papaya seeds and nut grass tubers and to determine what concentration could provide the best physical quality among the four formulas made. Evaluation of physical stability was carried out for 4 weeks after the preparation was made which included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, density, viscosity, sedimentation volume and redispersion. From the research results, it is known that the concentration of PGA and CMC-Na carboxymethylcellulose affect the physical stability of the suspension
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Hestetun, Jon T., Anders Lanzén, and Thomas G. Dahlgren. "Grab what you can—an evaluation of spatial replication to decrease heterogeneity in sediment eDNA metabarcoding." PeerJ 9 (June 21, 2021): e11619. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11619.
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Environmental DNA methods such as metabarcoding have been suggested as possible alternatives or complements to the current practice of morphology-based diversity assessment for characterizing benthic communities in marine sediment. However, the source volume used in sediment eDNA studies is several magnitudes lower than that used in morphological identification. Here, we used data from a North Sea benthic sampling station to investigate to what extent metabarcoding data is affected by sampling bias and spatial heterogeneity. Using three grab parallels, we sampled five separate sediment samples from each grab. We then made five DNA extraction replicates from each sediment sample. Each extract was amplified targeting both the 18S SSU rRNA V1–V2 region for total eukaryotic composition, and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for metazoans only. In both datasets, extract replicates from the same sediment sample were significantly more similar than different samples from the same grab. Further, samples from different grabs were less similar than those from the same grab for 18S. Interestingly, this was not true for COI metabarcoding, where the differences within the same grab were similar to the differences between grabs. We also investigated how much of the total identified richness could be covered by extract replicates, individual sediment samples and all sediment samples from a single grab, as well as the variability of Shannon diversity and, for COI, macrofaunal biotic indices indicating environmental status. These results were largely consistent with the beta diversity findings, and show that total eukaryotic diversity can be well represented using 18S metabarcoding with a manageable number of biological replicates. Based on these results, we strongly recommend the combination of different parts of the surface of single grabs for eDNA extraction as well as several grab replicates, or alternatively box cores or similar. This will dilute the effects of dominating species and increase the coverage of alpha diversity. COI-based metabarcoding consistency was found to be lower compared to 18S, but COI macrofauna-based indices were more consistent than direct COI alpha diversity measures.
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Kurniawan, Oktav F. W., Meity M. Laut, and Aji Winarso. "Uji Daya Koksidiostat Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) Asal Pulau Timor pada Ayam Buras." JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER 11, no. 2 (2023): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v11i2.8237.
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The development of livestock business in Indonesia has very profitable business prospects because the demand for animal products continues to grow. One of the livestock sub-sectors that are most in demand is poultry farming, especially free-range chicken. However, the development of poultry farming does not escape the obstacles faced by farmers, namely diseases, coccidiosis is one of them, which is a gastrointestinal protozoan infection caused by Eimeria spp. Coccidiosis management currently uses a coccidiostat, one of which is sulfaquinoxalin. However, sulfaquinoxalin has the disadvantage that it can cause a decrease in eggshell thickness and a decrease in feed consumption. The aim of this research is to find alternatives for the prevention and treatment of Eimeria tenella infection. This study used extracts of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) from Timor Island. This study aims to know whether temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) extract from Timor Island is effective in treating coccidiosis and at what concentration is the most effective. The research methods included the manufacture of temulawak extract, experimental infection, collection of faecal samples, effectiveness testing and macroscopic observation of the cecum from chickens and calculating the score of the cecum lesions. This study used 3 treatment groups with 1 control. The treatment group used graded doses of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) extract namely 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%, while the positive control used Coxy (©Medion) at a dose of 5 grams per liter of drinking water. The results showed that the temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) from the island of Timor was effective in inhibiting the growth of Eimeria tenella in vivo, with the most effective concentration of 0.2%.