Journal articles: 'Wheat husk'

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Masanja, Damas Nangi, Mgaza Somo Muya, and Patrice Nyangi. "Characteristics of Combined Rice and Wheat Husk Ashes as a Partial Replacement for Cement in Mortar." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-04-04.

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The potential to recycle and utilize agricultural waste as a building material has been demonstrated in a variety of applications. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of partially substituting combined rice and wheat husk ashes (CORWHA) for cement in mortar. The two agricultural waste ashes, rice husk and wheat husk, were evaluated separately before being combined. Both husks were burned separately in an open room to reduce volume before being cremated for 2 hours at a regulated temperature of 600 °C to eliminate carbon and generate reactivity. The chemical and physical properties of the ashes were evaluated after grinding and sieving to determine their cementitious qualities before developing and testing 12 mix proportions of CORWHA and cement for mortar production. The mixing was done at three different percentages of cement replacement: 20, 30, and 40%. According to the findings, the maximum cement replacement yielding 5.98 MPa mortar strength is 30%, with a mixed proportion of 11% wheat husk ash (WHA) and 19% rice husk ash (RHA). It was also found that 95% of RHA is silica and 1.67% is alkaline, while 63% of WHA is silica and 12.16% is alkaline, which is good for preventing porosity and corrosion of reinforcement bars. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-04-04 Full Text: PDF

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Glukhikh, Viktor, Pavel Buryndin, Artyem Artyemov, Andrei Savinovskih, Pavel Krivonogov, and Anna Krivonogova. "Plastics: physical-and-mechanical properties and biodegradable potential." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-149-154.

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Introduction. Processing agricultural waste into plant biodegradable plastics is a promising way for its recycling. This work featured the main physical-and-mechanical properties of plant plastics without adhesive substances obtained from millet husk and wheat husk and wood plastic obtained from sawdust, as well as their biodegradation potential. Study objects and methods. Objects of the study were plastics without adhesives based on wood sawdust, millet husk, and wheat husk. Results and discussion. We analyzed of the physical-and-mechanical parameters of the plant plastic based on millet husk, wheat husk, as well as wood plastic based on sawdust. The analysis showed that, in general, the strength characteristics of the wood plastics were higher than those of the plastics based on millet husk, especially flexural strength. Thus, the average value of the density of the wood plastic exceeded that of the plant plastic from millet husk by 10%, hardness by 40%, compression elasticity modulus by 50%, and flexural modulus by 3.9 times. It was found that wood and plant plastics obtained from sawdust, millet husk, and wheat husk without adhesives had a high biodegradation potential. Conclusion. The plastics obtained can be used as an insulating, building, and decorative material in the steppe regions experiencing a shortage of wood and wood powder.

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Singh, Kanwal Jit, Rohit Kumar, and Ramratan. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Wheat Husk Pulp Rein Forced Epoxy Composites." Advanced Engineering Forum 36 (June 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.36.114.

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The wheat husk pulp epoxy resin composites were prepared by compression Molding Method and their physical and Mechanical Properties were studied by universal testing Machine. The composites were tested by tensile strength testing and impact strength tester. The content of Wheat husk pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. Composites have been fabricated using hand layup technique using a suitable mold developed in industry. All the sample have been tested in Universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength it is observed that composite with 35% wheat husk pulp is having highest tensile strength of 4mm (4.29MPa) and 8mm (6.31Mpa). The impact strength of Composite with 35% wheat husk pulp was highest than 35%to 45% wheat husk pulp.

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Singh, Rawel, Thallada Bhaskar, Sambha Dora, and Bhavya Balagurumurthy. "Catalytic hydrothermal upgradation of wheat husk." Bioresource Technology 149 (December 2013): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.092.

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Donangelo, Carmen M., and B. O. Eggum. "Comparative effects of wheat bran and barley husk on nutrient utilization in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 54, no. 3 (November 1985): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850160.

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I. The present work with growing rats was undertaken to compare the effect of wheat bran and barley husk on nutrient bioavailability. The experiment involved a total of nine dietary treatments consisting of a control group, without wheat bran or barley husk, and two series of four groups with increasing amounts of fibre from 50 to 117 g/kg dry matter (DM) from the two fibre sources. Dietary nitrogen concentration was kept constant at 15 gN/kg DM by adjusting the diets with an N-free mixture. Protein sources were casein, fortified with methionine and white wheat flour. True protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU) and digestible energy (DE) were estimated.2. TD decreased when total dietary fibre (TDF) increased, the effect being greater in the case of wheat bran. The difference in response can be explained by the larger N contribution from bran than from barley husk. N from barley husk was actually digested less than N from wheat bran.3. Changes in TD due to fibre were small, both for wheat and barley husk. It was concluded that decreased TD with fibre at moderate levels was due to poor digestibility of the N associated with the fibre source rather than decreased digestibility of N from other dietary components.4. BV was only marginally affected by the fibre levels, indicating that the relatively high lysine content in both wheat bran and barley husk had a low availability.5. Wheat bran and barley husk showed almost the same negative effect on DE and DM digestibility (DMD). DMD correlated significantly with DE, demonstrating that DMD is a simple and convenient means of monitoring DE.

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Quintaliani, Chiara, Francesca Merli, Costanza Vittoria Fiorini, Marco Corradi, Emanuela Speranzini, and Cinzia Buratti. "Vegetal Fiber Additives in Mortars: Experimental Characterization of Thermal and Acoustic Properties." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031260.

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This paper investigates the influence of adding vegetal fibers on thermal and acoustic performance based on natural hydraulic lime. Mortar samples with 10% weight of vegetal fibers were fabricated adding water to obtain easily workable mortars with good consistency; their performance was compared to mortar samples without vegetal fibers. The fibers were of different types (rice husk, spelt bran, and Khorasan (turanicum) wheat chaff) and size (as-found and ground form). Thermal performance was measured with the Small Hot Box experimental apparatus. Thermal conductivity was reduced in the 1–11% range (with Khorasan wheat chaff and rice husk); no significant reduction was found with spelled bran in the mixture. When ground, fibers were characterized by both good thermal and acoustic absorption performance; a reduction of 6–22% in thermal conductivity λ was achieved with spelled bran (λ = 0.64 W/mK) and rice husks (λ = 0.53 W/mK), whereas the Khorasan wheat chaff had the highest sound absorption average index (0.38). However, the addition of fibers reduced sound insulation properties due to their low weight densities. This reduction was limited for rice husks (transmission loss value was only 2 dB lower than the reference).

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Santos, Joao, Miloud Ouadi, Hessam Jahangiri, and Andreas Hornung. "Integrated intermediate catalytic pyrolysis of wheat husk." Food and Bioproducts Processing 114 (March 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2018.11.001.

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You, Young-Sun, Mi-Kyung Kim, Myung-Jong Park, and Sung-Wook Choi. "Development of Oxo-biodegradable Bio-plastics Film Using Agricultural By-product such as Corn Husk, Soybean Husk, Rice Husk and Wheat Husk." Clean Technology 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2014.20.3.205.

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Díaz, R., and G. Díaz-Godínez. "Substrates for mushroom, enzyme and metabolites production: A review." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 03 (May 2, 2022): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/3/mrn-3017.

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The agri-food industry produces a large quantity and variety of foods that are the basis of diet for humans in the world, generating waste with a high content of compounds such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose that are difficult to degrade. There are chemical methodologies for the partial degradation of agro-industrial waste, but it carries a possibly greater risk of environmental contamination by the chemicals used for such purposes, so natural alternatives are sought for its degradation and obtain an economic and sustainable benefit for its use through mushroom cultivation. Mushroom production can be carried out using macrofungi that are edible, have medicine value also enzyme or metabolite-producing. Waste such as sunflower seed husk, peanut husk, corn husks, potato husk, coffee husk, cocoa husk, bean shell, pea shell, sawdust from different woods, cob and stubble of corn, oat stubble, tomato stubble, sorghum stubble, straw from various cereals, wheat bran, rice bran, cotton stalks, sugarcane bagasse, tequila agave waste, quinoa waste, coconut and banana wastes, dehydrated jicama, almond leaves, among others, are used as a substrate for the cultivation of mushrooms, which have been used alone or in mixtures, seeking to increase the production of carpophores or their metabolites and enzymes.

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Sanjel, Priyanka, Ram Kumar Shrestha, and Jiban Shrestha. "Performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on different fingermillet husk substrates." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33370.

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Substrate type is one of the major factors affecting the growth and yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Five substrates; Finger millet husk, Fingermillet husk + Molasses, Fingermillet husk + Rice bran, Fingermillet husk + Wheat bran, Fingermillet husk +Mustard oilseed cake, were evaluated for growth and productivity of oyster mushroom. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated seven times. Additives were added on finger millet husk @5% of its dry weight. Standard cultivation practice was followed with steam sterilization and spawning was done in poly bags containing 2.5 kg of wet substrate. Data were collected on time taken for full spawn run, fresh mushroom yield, biological efficiency and cropping duration upto three flushes. Molasses took the least duration (16.86 days) for full spawn run which was found to be statistically at par with wheat bran(17.13 days) and rice bran(17.75 days) whereas control treatment took the longest duration (21.62 days). Rice bran produced the highest fresh mushroom yield (793.04g/bag) with highest biological efficiency (137.92%), which was statistically at par with control, molasses and wheat bran. Similarly, rice bran had least cropping duration (66.62 days) followed by control (67.88 days), molasses (69.14 days), wheat bran (70.12 days) and mustard oilseed cake (73.86 days). The lowest fresh yield (521.84 g/bag) with lowest biological efficiency (90.75%) and the longest cropping duration (73.86 days) was observed on mustard oilseed cake supplementation. This study revealed that molasses, rice bran and wheat bran accelerated spawn run whereas mustard oilseed cake supplementation produced lowest fresh mushroom yield with least biological efficiency and highest cropping duration showing that it was ineffective for increasing yield and productivity of oyster mushroom.

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Cunha, Mariana Crivelari da, Marília Crivelari da Cunha, Rafael Carvalho do Lago, Rafaela da Silva Melo, Letícia Casarine Almeida, Joelma Pereira, José Guilherme Lembi Ferreira Alves, Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho, and Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas. "Using Response Surface Methodology to evaluate the effect of pequi flour, and pulp and by-product on sweet bread development." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 43 (June 14, 2021): e51850. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v43i1.51850.

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In this work, the effect of wheat flour and water replacement by pequi pulp and flour on the bread development and preparation enriched with this fruit was studied. Two experimental designs were used for two independent variables, the first evaluating the wheat flour partial replacement by pequi husk flour (x1) and pequi pulp flour (x2). The second design evaluated the wheat flour and water partial replacement by pequi husk flour (x1) and pequi pulp (x2), respectively. At the same time, a control test was conducted (without the addition of pequi flour and pulp) for comparison. The evaluated dependent variables of the bread quality characteristics were: dough volume; expansion rate; specific volume and density; texture profile and gluten content. It was possible to verify that only the gluten content was influenced by the replacement of wheat flour by pequi husk flour, whereas, only the specific volume was influenced by the replacement of water by pequi pulp. In general, the best replacement range was obtained with the formulation using between 0.75 to 2.5% pequi husk flour; up to 20% pequi pulp flour and between 5 and 35% of pequi pulp.

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Ma, Dan, Xiu Rong Zhao, Zhi Qiang Wang, Ya Li Liu, and Run Ping Han. "Kinetics Study of Copper (II) Adsorption from Solution by Wheat Husk." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.404.

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The effect of initial copper concentration, particle diameter of wheat husk and the determination of the kinetic parameters of copper ion adsorption onto wheat husk were performed to understand the adsorption mechanism. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was fitted to the experimental data and found it was good to predict the adsorption behavior using nonlinear regressive method, suggesting that the mechanism may be a chemisorption process. The diffusion coefficient was also estimated and the pore diffusion was not significant.

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Alwared, Abeer I., and Israa Sabah. "Adsorption of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Wheat husk." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.12.06.

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The Wheat husk is one of the common wastes abundantly available in the Middle East countries especially in Iraq. The present study aimed to evaluate the Wheat husk as low cost material, eco-friendly adsorbents for the removal of the carcinogenic dye (Congo red dye) from wastewater by investigate the effect of, at different conditions such as, pH(3-10), amount of adsorbents (1-2.3gm/L),and particle size (125-1000) μm, initial Congo red dye concentration(10, 25 , 50 and 75mg/l) by batch experiments. The results showed that the removal percentage of dye increased with increasing adsorbent dosage, and decreasing particle size. The maximum removal and uptake reached (91%) , 21.5mg/g, respectively for 25 initial concentration, pH 6.7 and 1.5 g/l Wheat husk dosage. The experimental data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm mode. The kinetic data support the assumptions of chemisorption were indicates a good fitting to the pseudo-second-order model.

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Dziki, Dariusz, Katarzyna Lisiecka, Urszula Gawlik-Dziki, Renata Różyło, Anna Krajewska, and Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak. "Shortbread Cookies Enriched with Micronized Oat Husk: Physicochemical and Sensory Properties." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 12512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412512.

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Oat (Avena sativa L.) by-products are valuable sources of many bioactive compounds and minerals. This paper aimed to study the possibility of using micronized oat husk (hull) as a partial replacement for wheat flour (at levels 5, 10, 15, and 20%) in shortbread production. The physicochemical and sensory properties of control and enriched cookies were studied. The incorporation of oat husk into shortbread increased the fiber and ash content, and decreased the available carbohydrates in the cookies. The color of the enriched shortbread significantly changed and the total color difference between the control and enriched cookies ranged from 4.76 to 11.00. Moreover, the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity linearly increased with the percentage of husk in the cookie recipe. Importantly, micronized oat husk at a level of 20% had little influence on the sensory acceptability of cookies. However, replacement of wheat flour higher than 10% resulted in a harder texture of cookies and lower scores for this attribute were obtained. To summarize, in this work we showed that micronized oat husk can be a valuable additive for cookie fortification.

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Javed, Syed H., Umair Aslam, Mohsin Kazmi, Masooma Rustam, Sheema Riaz, and Zahid Munir. "Studies on Thermal Degradation Behavior of Siliceous Agriculture Waste (Rice Husk, Wheat Husk and Bagasse)." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0049.

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Abstract Various siliceous agriculture waste (SAW) such as rice husk, wheat husk and bagasse have been investigated to study their thermal degradation behavior using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) technique. The focus of this research is to conduct TGA of raw and acid treated (20% HCl & 1M H2SO4) SAW at heating rate 10°C/min in the atmosphere of nitrogen. The results were analyzed on the basis of thermograms and it was inferred that 24 hours soaking with 20% HCl prior to thermal degradation enhanced the percent weight loss. The process also improved the percentage of residual weight of SAW indicating the extraction of amorphous silica with increased purity. The effect of acid treatment was verified by determining chemical composition of SAW samples before and after soaking with 20% HCl. Proximate analysis, thermal degradation temperature ranges and percentage of residual weight at 800°C for each of rice husk, wheat husk and bagasse were also quantified to observe the thermal degradation behavior. XRF analysis was performed to observe the effect of acid treatment for extraction of pure silica.

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Raza, Ali. "AGRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ORGANIC MULCHES ON WEED DYNAMICS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 28, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.942.

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Wheat is a widely grown cereal crop under rainfed conditions of semi-arid areas of the world including Pakistan. Unfortunately, its yield remains low due to heavy weed infestation and scarce moisture supply in the root zone from erratic rainfall. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to observe the influence of different organic mulches on the soil moisture, weeds, growth and yield of wheat crop. Four organic mulches i.e wheat straw sawdust, rice straw and rice husk were applied up to 2 inches surface layer between the rows of wheat crop. Application of wheat straw mulch conserved the highest soil moisture (72.3%) at 0-15cm depth six weeks after sowing and caused maximum weed suppression with 81.17% weed control efficiency and 63.70% weed control index as compared to unmulched control. Maximum plant height (70.8cm), productive tillers (137.33 m-2), grain weight per spike (2.37g), grains per spike (52.3), 1000-grain weight (50.66 g), biological yield (9393.9 kg ha-1), grain yield (3665.6 kg ha-1), harvest index (38.60%) and benefit-cost ratio (1.69) were observed in rainfed wheat crop treated with wheat straw mulch. Wheat crop total rainfall use efficiency followed the order of wheat straw > rice straw > saw dust> rice husk> control. The highest weed density and dry weight while lowest soil moisture and grain yield were recorded with no mulch and rice husk treatments.

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Oriire, L. T., K. S. Aina, O. B. Olajide, L. O. Aguda, and A. O. Adiji. "Evaluation of durability performance of rice husk - cement bonded particleboards." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 18, no. 2 (October 14, 2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v18i2.6.

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Alternative resources as substitute for wood raw materials has increased in the particleboard industry because of the depletion of forest resources. Studies of particleboard using wood residues and agricultural by-products have examined wheat straw, rice straws, husks, bagasse, walnut/almond shells, and palm trunks. Rice husk is the by-product in rice milling operation with an approximately 20 percent of the total weight of the paddy grain being processed. Despite the abundant nature of this waste product and its unique physical and chemical properties, it is not being fully harnessed in Nigeria. Only a little portion of the rice husk produced is utilized in a meaningful way, the remainder is burnt into ashes or dumped as a solid waste with little being used in animal feed formulation. Particle board was produced from rice husk, an agro-waste and cement as binder. Physical and mechanical properties of the board were determined. The results show that, the percentage of thickness swelling and water absorption increased with increase in proportion of the binder to the rice husk. The Modulus of elasticity (MOE) values increase with increased mixing ratio for both the board thickness, while MOR values decrease with increase in mixing ratio for both particle sizes. Since the construction industry is a growing one, the use of renewable resources such as rice husk can reduce the strain on forest resource and form an excellent replacement for wood and wood based composite materials.

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Hýsek, Štěpán, Milan Podlena, Henry Bartsch, Christoph Wenderdel, and Martin Böhm. "Effect of wheat husk surface pre-treatment on the properties of husk-based composite materials." Industrial Crops and Products 125 (December 2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.035.

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Liu, Ya Li, Xiu Rong Zhao, Dan Ma, Yu Fei Li, and Run Ping Han. "Adsorption of Copper (II) from Solution by Wheat Husk in Batch Mode." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1093.

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Wheat husk, an agriculture byproduct, was used to adsorb copper (II) from aqueous solutions. Variables of the system, including contact time, pH, salt concentration, and equilibrium copper concentration, were adopted to study their effects on copper (II) adsorption. The results showed that coexisted salt was not favor of adsorption and pH value near 5 was favor of adsorption. Adsorbent quantity of copper onto wheat husk increased with the equilibrium concentration increasing. The kinetic process can be predicted by Elovich model while the equilibrium data was fitted better by Freundlich model.

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Krishna, Bhavya B., Rawel Singh, and Thallada Bhaskar. "Effect of catalyst contact on the pyrolysis of wheat straw and wheat husk." Fuel 160 (November 2015): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.065.

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Donangelo, Carmen M., and B. O. Eggum. "Comparative effects of wheat bran and barley husk on nutrient utilization in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 1 (July 1986): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860106.

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1. The present work was undertaken to study comparatively the effect on mineral availability in rats of wheat bran and barley husk when supplying the same amount of dietary fibre (DF). The experiment involved a total of nine dietary treatments including a control group and two series of four groups with increasing amounts of fibre from the two sources (total DF ranging from 42 to 117 gsol;kg dry matter (DM)). Dietary nitrogen concentration was kept constant at 15 g N/kg DM. Zinc concentration of the diets was adjusted to the level provided by the diet with the highest wheat-bran content (21 mg/kg DM) using zinc sulphate. Other minerals were not adjusted.2. Two experiments were performed. In Expt 1 the diets were given to 5-week-old rats during 9 d and apparent absorptions of Zn, calcium and phosphorus and the femur concentrations of Zn, Ca and P were measured. In Expt 2 the diets were given to 9-week-old rats during 12 d. Mineral concentration in femur and total and albumin-bound plasma Zn and availability of plasma Zn for enzyme reactivation were measured.3. In the younger animals, wheat bran depressed significantly the absorption of Zn when providing 40 g DF/kg DM and absorbtion of Ca when providing 80g DF/kg DM. Barley husk depressed significantly both the absorption of Zn and Ca already at 20 g DF/kg DM. Both fibre sources had a more negative effect on Zn than on Ca absorption. Only barley husk had a small negative effect on absorption of P. Phytate did not appear as a major factor affecting mineral absorption in barley husk. All diets containing barley husk had a very low molar ratio, phytate:Zn.4. The age orthe animals influenced the utilization of dietary minerals using femur Concentration as a criterion, particularly in the case of Zn. In the younger animals the decrease in femur Zn with fibre correlated with apparent Zn absorption both with wheat bran (R2 0.986, P < 0.01) and with barley husk (R2 0.996, P < 0.01). In the older animals femur Zn did not change significantly with fibre.5. In the older animals, plasma Zn, albumin-bound plasma Zn and availability of plasma Zn for enzyme reactivation were lowest with the highest addition of wheat bran.

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Noori, Abdul Ghani. "Assessment of Crop Residues Energy Potential and Efficient Usage in the South-western Zone of Afghanistan." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 10 (October 26, 2019): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.10.1585.

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In the south-western zone of Afghanistan (Kandahar, Helmand, Urozgan and Zabul) about 807,890 tons of wheat, 945 tons of rice, 46,164 tons of barley and 105,276 tons of maize were produced in 2016-17. Based on the residues to product ratio (RPR) of the crops (1.8 for wheat straw, 1.5 rice stalks, 0.2 for rice husk, 1.3 for barely straw and 2 for maize stalks) about 1,454,202 tons of wheat straw, 1,418 tons of rice stalks, 189 tons of rice husk, 60,013 tons of barely straw and 210,552 tons of maize stalks were generated in the south-western zone of the country. By considering the lower heating values (LHV) of the crop residues (13.76 MJ/kg for wheat straw, 12.81 MJ/kg for rice stalks, 16.33 MJ/kg for rice husk, 13.97 MJ/kg for barely straw and 13.22 MJ/kg for maize stalks), it was resulted that 20,010 TJ energy can be generated from wheat straw, 18 TJ from rice stalks, 3 TJ from rice husk, 838 TJ from barely straw and 2,783 TJ from maize stalks. Cumulatively, around 23,653 TJ of energy can be generated from the selected crop residues in the south-western zone of Afghanistan in 2016-17. These crop residues are mainly used for cooking by using the very inefficient three stone cook stoves (? = 12.6%) and two support cook stoves (? = 13%). To use these crop residues more efficiently, it is advised to replace the mentioned inefficient cook stove with improved Chulha and Anagi II cook stoves, which have an efficiency of 21% and 22% and can save off to 43% and 40% fuel wood, respectively compared to the traditionally used cook stoves.

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Yuan, Jianbo, Haonan Zhang, Hui Zhao, Hao Ren, and Huamin Zhai. "Study on Dissociation and Chemical Structural Characteristics of Areca Nut Husk." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031513.

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From the perspective of full-component utilization of woody fiber biomass resources, areca nut husk is an excellent woody fiber biomass feedstock because of its fast regeneration, significant regeneration ability, sustainability, low cost, and easy availability. In this study, fiber cell morphologies, chemical compositions, lignin structures, and carbohydrate contents of areca nut husks were analyzed and compared with those of rice straw, and the application potentials of these two materials as biomass resources were compared. We found that areca nut husk fibers were shorter and wider than those of rice straw; areca nut husk contained more lignin and less ash, as well as less holocellulose than rice straw; areca nut husk and rice straw lignin were obtained by ball milling and phase separation, and areca nut husk lignin was found to be a typical GHS-type lignin. Herein, the yield of lignocresol was higher than that of milled wood lignin for both raw materials, and the molecular size was more homogeneous. Tricin structural monomers were discovered in the lignin of areca nut husk, similar to those present in other types of herbaceous plants. Structures of areca nut husk MWL (AHMWL) and AHLC were comprehensively characterized by quantitative NMR techniques (that is, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, and 2D NMR). The molecular structure of AHLC was found to be closer to the linear structure with more functional groups exposed on the molecular surface, and the hydroxyl-rich p-cresol grafting structure was successfully introduced into the lignin structure. In addition, the carbohydrate content in the aqueous layer of the phase separation system was close to the carbohydrate content in the raw material, indicating that the phase separation method can precisely separate lignin from carbohydrates. These experimental results indicate that the phase separation method as a method for lignin utilization and structure study has outstanding advantages in lignin structure regulation and yield, and areca nut husk lignin is suitable for application in the same phase separation systems as short-period herbs, such as rice straw and wheat grass, and has the advantages of low ash content and high lignification degree, which will provide guidance for the high-value utilization of areca nut husk in the future.

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Hýsek, Štěpán, Pavel Neuberger, Adam Sikora, Ondřej Schönfelder, and Gianluca Ditommaso. "Waste Utilization: Insulation Panel from Recycled Polyurethane Particles and Wheat Husks." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 3075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193075.

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This study provides a solution for the utilization of two waste materials, namely the residues of soft polyurethane foam from the production of mattresses and winter wheat husks. Thermal insulation panels with a nominal density of 50–150 kg/m3, bonded one-component moisture curing polyurethane adhesive, were developed, and the effect of the ratio between recycled polyurethane foam and winter wheat husk on internal bond strength, compressive stress at 10% strain, water uptake, coefficient of thermal conductivity, and volumetric heat capacity was observed. The developed composite materials make use of the very good thermal insulation properties of the two input waste materials, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the resulting boards achieves excellent values, namely 0.0418–0.0574 W/(m.K). The developed boards can be used as thermal insulation in the structures of environmentally friendly buildings.

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Edwards, Sandra, Martin F. Chaplin, Anne D. Blackwood, and Peter W. Dettmar. "Primary structure of arabinoxylans of ispaghula husk and wheat bran." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 1 (February 2003): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003202.

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he primary structures of ispaghula husk and wheat bran were investigated in order to determine how and why these fibres are among the most beneficial dietary fibres. To this end, the polysaccharide preparations have been subjected to enzymic hydrolysis and methylation analysis. The results have shown ispaghula husk and wheat bran to be very-highly-branched arabinoxylans consisting of linear Β-D-→l(4)-linked xylopyranose →Xylp) backbones to which a-L-arabinofuranose →Araf) units are attached as side residues via α-→1(3) and a-→l(2) linkages. Other substituents identified as present in wheat bran include Β-D-glucuronic acid attached via the C→O)-2 position, and arabinose oligomers, consisting of two or more arabinofuranosyl residues linked via 1–2, 1–3, and 1–4 linkages. Ispaghula-husk arabinoxylan is more complex having additional side residues which include a-D-glucuronopyranose →GalAp)-→l→2(-linked-α-L-rhamnopyranose-(1→4)-β-D-Xylp, α-D-GalA/>-→l→3(-linked-a-L-Araf-→1)4(-p-D-Xylp, and <x-L-Araf-→1→3(-linked-p-D-Xylp-→1→4(-β-D-Xylp. The beneficial effects of increased faecal bulk and water-holding capacity are undoubtedly related to the structures of the arabinoxylans, with differences in their efficacy to treat various functional bowel disorders due to their specific structural features

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Noori, Abdul Ghani. "Assessment of Crop Residues Energy Potential and Efficient Usage in the South-western Zone of Afghanistan." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 10 (October 26, 2019): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.10.1585.

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In the south-western zone of Afghanistan (Kandahar, Helmand, Urozgan and Zabul) about 807,890 tons of wheat, 945 tons of rice, 46,164 tons of barley and 105,276 tons of maize were produced in 2016-17. Based on the residues to product ratio (RPR) of the crops (1.8 for wheat straw, 1.5 rice stalks, 0.2 for rice husk, 1.3 for barely straw and 2 for maize stalks) about 1,454,202 tons of wheat straw, 1,418 tons of rice stalks, 189 tons of rice husk, 60,013 tons of barely straw and 210,552 tons of maize stalks were generated in the south-western zone of the country. By considering the lower heating values (LHV) of the crop residues (13.76 MJ/kg for wheat straw, 12.81 MJ/kg for rice stalks, 16.33 MJ/kg for rice husk, 13.97 MJ/kg for barely straw and 13.22 MJ/kg for maize stalks), it was resulted that 20,010 TJ energy can be generated from wheat straw, 18 TJ from rice stalks, 3 TJ from rice husk, 838 TJ from barely straw and 2,783 TJ from maize stalks. Cumulatively, around 23,653 TJ of energy can be generated from the selected crop residues in the south-western zone of Afghanistan in 2016-17. These crop residues are mainly used for cooking by using the very inefficient three stone cook stoves (η = 12.6%) and two support cook stoves (η = 13%). To use these crop residues more efficiently, it is advised to replace the mentioned inefficient cook stove with improved Chulha and Anagi II cook stoves, which have an efficiency of 21% and 22% and can save off to 43% and 40% fuel wood, respectively compared to the traditionally used cook stoves.

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CAO, B. B., R. WANG, H. J. YANG, and L. S. JIANG. "In situ ruminal degradation of phenolic acid, cellulose and hemicellulose in crop brans and husks differing in ferulic and p-coumaric acid patterns." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 7 (May 28, 2015): 1312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000489.

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SUMMARYLignification-associated phenolic acids are widely distributed in graminaceous plant cell walls. Nylon bags containing maize bran, wheat bran, millet husk and rice husk were incubated in the rumens of five Charolais (♂) × Nanyang (♀) crossbred steers for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The in situ ruminal disappearance of ester-linked phenolic acids linearly increased in the brans with increasing incubation time, and the disappearance was greater for ester-linked ferulic acid (FAest) than for ester-linked p-coumaric acid (PCAest). The disappearances of FAest and PCAest were positively correlated with disappearances of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), cellulose and hemicellulose. The effective degradabilities of NDF, cellulose and hemicellulose in the brans were markedly greater than the effective degradabilities of these components in the husks, and were negatively correlated with the contents of Lignin (sa), ether-linked ferulic acid, PCAest and ether-linked p-coumaric acid in both the cereal brans and husks. These findings suggested that breeding forage crops with modified phenolic acid contents could represent an alternative strategy to promote further increases in fibre digestibility of cereal residue feeds for ruminant animals.

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Szőke-Trenyik, Eszter, József Mihalkó, Péter Sipos, and Balázs P. Szabó. "Development of High-Fibre, Ready-to-Bake Flour Mixtures from Purple Wheat." Processes 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020389.

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Nowadays, consumers are paying more and more attention to healthy eating, and unfortunately, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are affecting many people. In general, people are paying more attention to the consumption of fibre-rich foods. In our study, we developed high-fibre ready-to-bake flour mixture blends using purple wheat flour (white and wholemeal). For fibre fortification, inulin, chia seed flour and psyllium husk flour were used. After determining the basic nutritional parameters of the raw materials, four series of experiments were carried out to prepare bread rolls and to test the finished products. The correct mixing ratio of the enriching agents were tested, and the final flour mixtures were tested. At the end of our research, three blends (white purple wheat flour + 4% inulin + 2% psyllium husk flour; wholemeal purple wheat flour + white purple wheat flour + 4% inulin + 4% chia seed flour; wholemeal purple wheat flour + 4% inulin + 4% chia seed flour) were developed.

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Kumar, Pritam, and Barun Kumar Nandi. "Combustion characteristics of high ash Indian coal, wheat straw, wheat husk and their blends." Materials Science for Energy Technologies 4 (2021): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2021.08.001.

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Bledzki, Andrzej K., Abdullah A. Mamun, and Jürgen Volk. "Physical, chemical and surface properties of wheat husk, rye husk and soft wood and their polypropylene composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 41, no. 4 (April 2010): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.12.004.

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THIND, H. S., YADVINDER-SINGH, SANDEEP SHARMA, VARINDERPAL-SINGH, H. S. SRAN, and BIJAY-SINGH. "Phosphorus fertilizing potential of bagasse ash and rice husk ash in wheat–rice system on alkaline loamy sand soil." Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 3 (September 7, 2016): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859616000484.

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SUMMARYBagasse and rice husk are two important agro-industrial by-products that are used as fuel in the sugar and rice mill industries, thus producing large quantities of bagasse ash (BA; 0·05 of bagasse) and rice husk ash (0·20 of rice husk) as waste material. Applying BA and rice husk ash (RHA) to agricultural land improves yield, nutrient uptake and chemical fertility of soil, particularly with special reference to available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The present field experiment was conducted for 3 years to evaluate the P fertilizer value of these agro-industrial waste materials in a wheat–rice system (WRS). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with RHA and BA applied at 10 t/ha and including a no-amendment control as the main plot treatments and three levels of fertilizer P (0, 13 and 26 kg P/ha; designated P0, P13and P26, respectively) as sub-plot treatments to wheat in WRS. Application of fertilizer P increased the wheat grain yield up to P26in the un-amended control treatment. However, a significant response of wheat to fertilizer P was also observed up to P13in the presence of BA and RHA, thereby saving 50% of fertilizer P. Both RHA and BA increased wheat productivity by 12 and 16%, respectively, over the un-amended control. The subsequent rice crop also produced 14% higher paddy yield when the two ashes were applied along with P13to the previous wheat crop. The increases in grain yield were accompanied by significant increases in the uptake of P and K, and P content (Olsen P) in the soil. The application of recommended P (P26) in un-amended plots resulted in a negative P balance of 9·3 kg P/ha/year. On the other hand, the application of BA alone and RHA along with P13resulted in neutral/slightly positive P balance. A strong linear relationship (R2= 0·98) was observed between P balance and Olsen-P build up in the soil. It may be concluded that application of BA and RHA has the potential to increase system productivity and reduce the cost of inputs in terms of reduced application of fertilizer P to wheat and rice.

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Cappucci, Grazia Maria, Vanessa Ruffini, Virginia Barbieri, Cristina Siligardi, and Anna Maria Ferrari. "Life cycle assessment of wheat husk based agro-concrete block." Journal of Cleaner Production 349 (May 2022): 131437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131437.

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Mohammed, Mohamed, Anaam Sabri, and Eman Taha. "Application of Wheat Husk in Color Removal of Textile Wastewater." Engineering and Technology Journal 37, no. 2C (May 25, 2019): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.37.2c.15.

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Barbieri, Virginia, Magdalena Lassinantti Gualtieri, and Cristina Siligardi. "Wheat husk: A renewable resource for bio-based building materials." Construction and Building Materials 251 (August 2020): 118909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118909.

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35

Hernández-Escobar, Claudia Alejandra, Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila, Alejandro Vega-Rios, Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras, and José Rurik Farias-Mancilla. "Study of Geopolymers Obtained from Wheat Husk Native to Northern Mexico." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051803.

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Agro-industrial wastes such as wheat husk (WH) are renewable sources of organic and inorganic substances, including cellulose, lignin, and aluminosilicates, which can be transformed into advanced materials with high added value. The use of geopolymers is a strategy to take advantage of the inorganic substances by obtaining inorganic polymers, which have been used as additives, e.g., for cement and refractory brick products or ceramic precursors. In this research, the WH native to northern Mexico was used as a source to produce wheat husk ash (WHA) following its calcination at 1050 °C. In addition, geopolymers were synthesized from the WHA by varying the concentrations of the alkaline activator (NaOH) from 16 M to 30 M, namely Geo 16M, Geo 20M, Geo 25M, and Geo 30M. At the same time, a commercial microwave radiation process was employed as the curing source. Furthermore, the geopolymers synthesized with 16 M and 30 M of NaOH were studied for their thermal conductivity as a function of temperature, in particular at 25, 35, 60, and 90 °C. The chemical composition of the WHA, determined by ICP, revealed a SiO2 content close to 81%, which is similar to rice husk. The geopolymers were characterized using various techniques to determine their structure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity. The findings showed that the synthesized geopolymers with 16M and 30M of NaOH had significant mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, respectively, compared to the other synthesized materials. Finally, the thermal conductivity regarding the temperature revealed that Geo 30M presented significant performance, especially at 60 °C.

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Nasrin, M., MZ Alam, SN Alam, MRU Miah, and MM Hossain. "Effect of various cereals on the development of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) and its egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27683.

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Eight types of cereals viz., wheat grain, chopped wheat, paddy grain, rice grain, maize grain, chopped maize, rice bran, mixture of rice bran and chopped rice were fed to observe the development parameters like egg, larva, pupa and adult stages of Corcyra cephalonica (stainton) for three consecutive generations. The parasitism efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) was also evaluated on the resultant host eggs of C. cephalonica. The C. cephalonica revealed the highest number of eggs (115.6 female1), higher hatchability (92.9%), extented larval duration (45.9 days), increased larval weight (0.058 gm), survival rate (88.3%), adult emergence rate (93.5%), and male and female longevity (7.7, 7.2 days respectively) when they were reared on chopped wheat. On the other hand, the lowest number of egg was found on paddy husk (29.2 female-1). The lowest hatchability (45.6%), larval duration (45.9 days), larval weight (0.029gm), and survival rate (38.2%), pupal duration (17.9 days) adult emergence (42.0%), male and female longevity (4.8 and 4.7 days respectively) were found on paddy husk. The effect of food materials also reflected on the parasitism efficiency of the egg parasitoid T. chilonis. The highest percent egg parasitization was done by the T. chilonis on the host eggs, reared on chopped wheat (94.8±0.07%) followed by wheat grain (82.5±0.08%) and chopped maize (73.8±0.09%). On the other hand, the lowest parasitism was obtained when the larvae were reared on paddy husk (42.2±0.14 %) and paddy grain (48.8±0.05 %).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 183-194, March 2016

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Bielecki, Marcin, Valentina Zubkova, and Andrzej Strojwas. "Influence of Densification on the Pyrolytic Behavior of Agricultural Biomass Waste and the Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 4257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124257.

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TG/FT-IR techniques, UV-spectroscopy, microwave extraction, XRD and SEM were used to study how densification of the three types of agricultural biomass wastes (wheat straw, soft wood, and sunflower husk) changes the composition and structure of their pyrolysis products. It was determined that densification changes the composition of volatile products of pyrolysis at the temperature of 420 °C: sunflower husk emits 4.9 times less saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and 1.9 times less compounds with carbonyl group; soft wood emits 1.8 times more saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and compounds with carbonyl groups and 1.3 times more alcohols and phenols; and wheat straw emits 2 times more compounds with carbonyl groups. These changes are probably caused by the differences in interaction of formed volatiles with the surface of chars. These differences can be caused by distinct places of cumulation of inorganic components in the densified samples. In the densified char, the inorganics cumulate on the surface of sunflower husk whereas for wheat straw they cumulate inside the sample. In the case of soft wood, the inorganics cumulate both inside and on the surface. The decreased contribution of hydrocarbons in volatiles can be connected with the morphology of nano-particles formed in inorganics.

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Mandal, Sanjay Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Amarendra Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Yanendra Kumar Singh, and Rajesh Kumar. "Impact of resource conservation technologies on soil health and productivity of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.563.

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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of resource conservation technologies on soil health and productivity of wheat in rice-wheat cropping system in split plot design with three replications. The physico-chemical parameters of the soils like pH and EC both maximum decreased almost significantly over control under treatments T2 (Ploughing twice by Cultivator, allowed to decompose weeds for a week then puddling by cross ploughing and planking), T3(Summer ploughing onset of monsoon by mould bold plough to invert the soil once in three years followed by subsequent ploughing by cultivator to puddle the soil) and C5 (GM + Paddy straw @ 50 q/ha) and C6 (GM + Rice husk @ 50 q/ha). Soil data revealed a highly significant increase in organic carbon content along with available N, P2O5 and K2O content under treatments T3 and C6 and their interactions(T3×C6)over control. This might be attributed to the improvement in physico-chemical properties of the soils. The significant (P<0.05) increase in yield attributes and yields of wheat grain and straw over control was observed under influence of the treatments T3 and C6 and their interaction except height and length of ear head. These observations were confirmed by the positive and highly significant correlation of yield of wheat grain with available N (r=0.74**), available P2O5 (r = 0.64**), and available K2O (r = 0.52**). Deep ploughing and green manuring in addition with other organic residues (GM+ rice husk) individually and/ or in combination improved the soil health significantly.

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Ren, Yi, Bruce R. Linter, and Tim J. Foster. "Effects of psyllium seed husk powder, methylcellulose, pregelatinised starch, and cold water swelling starch on the production of gluten free crackers." Food & Function 12, no. 17 (2021): 7773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo03377d.

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Psyllium seed husk powder and pregelatinised starch crackers had comparable textural properties and sound release to wheat crackers, while the functionality of methylcellulose was limited due to low moisture addition.

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Khan, Rida, Kanwal Shehzadi, Umar Bacha, Muhammad Naveed Afzal, Afifa Tanweer, Mohsina Nasim, and Sania Khan. "Physico-Functional, Nutritional and Sensorial Features of Psyllium Husk Enriched Gluten-Free Oat Cookies." NURTURE 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v15i1.1.

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Objective: Gluten-free (GF) cookies are usually deficient in dietary fibers as compared to traditional wheat cookies. So, we aimed to formulate GF cookies with different levels of psyllium husk (fiber) from oats flour. Methods: Three types of GF cookies were made; T0, T1, and T2 containing 0%, 2.5%, and 5% psyllium husk respectively. Analysis of functional properties of the dough, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the cookies was performed. Results: Addition of 5% psyllium husk (T2) led to enhanced functional properties of dough (% swelling capacity SC =635.0±15.00, % water absorption capacity WAC =132.33±2.51, % oil absorption capacity OAC =28.00±2.00, % emulsion activity =59.93±0.25, % emulsion stability =60.23±0.25) and the most desirable spread factor (8.71±0.572). The total fiber content of T2 cookies was 19.41%. The mean sensory evaluation score for the overall acceptability of T2 cookies (6.32±1.096) was significantly (P=0.050) higher than the T1 cookies (5.49±0.785). 5% psyllium husk cookies (T2) surpassed 0% and 2.5% psyllium husk cookies in all parameters under study. Conclusion: The integration of psyllium husk into oat-based GF cookies resulted in excellent properties and acceptability and it can be added as a healthy snack option in diets of people with gluten intolerance.

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Zafar, Mohd Farhan, and M. Arif Siddiqui. "Mechanical Characterization of the Natural Fiber Reinforced Polystyrene Composite." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.152.

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In the present work, polystyrene composites using wheat husk, rice husk and mustard husk as fillers are synthesized using in-situ polymerisation technique. Three different filler loading (5%, 10% and 15 %) and three different filler sizes (250-355 µ, 355-500 µ, 500-710 µ) were utilized for the studying the effect of these compositions on different mechanical properties of the synthesized composites. The results have shown that the filler size 250-355 µ and 5 % loading give the maximum values for tensile strength, flexural strength and hardness for all the three types of fillers. While in case of water absorptivity lower the size/loading, lesser would be the water absorbed. The SEM analysis is done to study the fractured surface of the specimen.

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Kharel, Hari Lal, Ram Kumar Sharma, and Tanka Prasad Kandel. "Water Hardness Removal Using Wheat Straw and Rice Husk Ash Properties." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (August 5, 2016): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v17i1.25057.

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This study examined potential of using wheat straw ash (WSA) and rice husk ash (RHA) to remove hardness of natural and hardness enriched synthetic water samples. Eight water samples (both natural and synthetic) with hardness ranging from 236 to 580 mg/l were treated with 10 different doses of WSA and RHA ranging from 2.5 to 25 g ash l–1 at regular increment of 2.5 g and one sample was included as control (no ash addition). Water hardness, hardness removal efficiency and pH changes of the treated water samples were measured. Hardness removal efficiency and pH of water increased with increasing doses of ash. Maximum removal was achieved at 17.5 g/l and 22.5 g/l for WSA and RHA, respectively, and further ash addition did not change the hardness. Maximum removal efficiency of WSA was 81% (i.e. 67 mg/g) and RHA was 58% (i.e. 44 mg/g). Higher hardness removal efficiency of WSA was due to presence of higher concentrations of alkali metal oxides. As similar to removal efficiency, WSA also increased pH of water samples relative to RHA. Maximum pH of 11.2 and 10.2 was respectively for WHA and RSA at the highest dose of ash (25 g/l). The results thus indicate that locally available ashes from agricultural sources may be useful in hardness removal process, however, softened cannot be used as drinking water due to the high level of alkalinity.

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Frounchi, Masoud, Susan Dadbin, Javad Jahanbakhsh, and Mojtaba Janat-Alipour. "Composites of Rice Husk/Wheat Straw with Pmdi Resin and Polypropylene." Polymers and Polymer Composites 15, no. 8 (November 2007): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110701500804.

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Emadi, Seyederfanhossein, Yoldas Seki, Kutlay Sever, and Mehmet Sarikanat. "Preparation and properties of rice husk-filled plasticized wheat gluten biocomposites." Polymer Engineering & Science 54, no. 7 (July 9, 2013): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.23686.

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Bal, Dursun, Mahmud Bakırhan, Murat Apakhan, Hakkı Ekem, Ömer Sinan Şahin, and Muharrem Hilmi Aksoy. "EFFECT OF SCOURER SCREEN PATTERNS ON THE WHEAT HUSK REMOVAL EFFICIENCY." Advanced Engineering Letters 1, no. 3 (2022): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/adeletters.2022.1.3.5.

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The scourer machines remove wheat husk contaminated with pesticides and other impurities that adversely affect product quality and shelf life. For this purpose, at least one scourer machine is used in each industrial grain flour factory, depending on the capacity. The efficiency of these machines is highly dependent on the surface texture and scourer screen patterns. In this study, the efficiency of the wheat scourer machines with various wall patterns and meshes was investigated experimentally. The investigation employed six distinct types of scourer screens. Type-4 has produced the best results in fractured grain rate, whereas Type-2 has produced the best in ash content. It was revealed that wheat’s scouring efficiency and physical and chemical properties vary depending on the scourer screen pattern.

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Majewski, Łukasz, and Antonio Gaspar Cunha. "Evaluation of suitability of wheat bran as a natural filler in polymer processing." BioResources 13, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 7037–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.7037-7052.

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The promotion of sustainable economic development and issues related to ecological and environmental protection has led to a common interest in the use of raw materials from renewable sources. Recently, there have been many scientific works on the use of different natural wastes as components in the production of new composite materials and polymers. An example of natural waste that is not managed efficiently is grain husk, which is a by-product of the production of flour and other products. This work studied the use of wheat grain husk for plastic processing. A short review is presented of studies concerning the use of natural waste and materials as fillers for natural and synthetic polymers, as well as their potential applications. The authors conducted original research on the influence of the mass fraction and particle size of wheat bran on the selected properties of low-density polyethylene, which can be useful in the evaluation of the suitability of this raw material for particular technical applications.

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Moldakulova, Zilikha, Meruyet Bayisbayeva, Galiya Iskakova, Fatima Dikhanbayeva, Assel Izembayeva, and Viera Sottnikova. "A study of the possibilities of using linseed flour and rice husk fiber as an additional source of raw materials in the bakery industry." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 11 (113) (October 31, 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.242648.

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The paper is devoted to solving the problem of the nutritional and biological value of rye-wheat bread by enriching it with non-traditional local plants raw materials – linseed flour and rice husk fiber. Rice husks are rarely used in bakery production, and in most cases remain unprocessed. However, this research defined the right ways for using them and set as a preliminary work in this field. The study has been carried out in two stages: firstly, linseed flour was added to the rye-wheat bread recipe in an amount of 5; 10; 15; 20 % to the weight of wheat flour. Secondly, dietary fiber was added to these experimental samples, prepared from rice husks without removing amorphous silicon dioxide in an amount of 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 % to the total mass of rye-wheat flour. The optimization of the ratios of the flour components with a simplex-lattice design was carried out and the rheological measurements of dough and bread were conducted on the farinograph and Chopin alveograph. The study results experimentally found that mixtures of rye-wheat flour and linseed flour with the addition of fiber as “medium in strength” give bread with sufficient volume. The recipe optimization parameters indicated that rational percentage of fiber and linseed flour up to 0.5 % and 15 %, respectively allows increasing the nutritional and biological value of finished products, improves the crumb structure, gas-holding and water-holding capacity of bread, which in turn prevents the stale process and thereby increases the shelf life of finished products. The obtained results allow us to suggest that, this recipe optimization model could be used in further research, as studies in this direction are limited

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Muthuraj, Rajendran, Clément Lacoste, Patrick Lacroix, and Anne Bergeret. "Sustainable thermal insulation biocomposites from rice husk, wheat husk, wood fibers and textile waste fibers: Elaboration and performances evaluation." Industrial Crops and Products 135 (September 2019): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.053.

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Mavani, S. I., N. M. Mehta, and P. H. Parsania. "Synthesis and physicochemical study of bisphenol-C-formaldehyde-toluene diisocyanate polyurethane–jute and jute–rice husk/wheat husk composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 4 (2006): 2363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23853.

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Bhardwaj, Abhinav, Al Mazedur Rahman, Xingjian Wei, Zhijian Pei, David Truong, Matt Lucht, and Na Zou. "3D Printing of Biomass–Fungi Composite Material: Effects of Mixture Composition on Print Quality." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040112.

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It is known that 3D printing can facilitate greater design flexibility in the printing of custom shapes for packaging and construction applications using biomass–fungi composite materials. The feasibility of this new method was demonstrated by a preliminary experiment, the results of which were reported in a journal publication in 2020. As a follow-up, this paper reports on an experimental study on the relationship between the mixture composition (i.e., the psyllium husk powder content) and print quality using this new method. Four mixtures were prepared by varying the amounts of psyllium husk powder (in grams) added to 400 mL of water. The ratios (g/mL) of psyllium husk powder weight (wp) over volume of water (vw) for the mixtures were 0, 1:40, 2:40, and 3:40. Each mixture also contained 100 g of biomass–fungi material and 40 g of whole wheat flour. The print quality of the samples was evaluated based on the extrudability and shape stability. The results showed that mixtures without any psyllium husk powder were not extrudable. An increase in the ratio of psyllium husk powder to water from 1:40 to 2:40 resulted in improved print quality; however, when the psyllium husk powder to water ratio was increased to 3:40, the extrudability became worse. This phenomenon was explained by analyzing the rheological properties of the mixtures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wheat husk'

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