Academic literature on the topic 'Wheat middling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wheat middling"
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VIDAL, Luiz Vítor Oliveira, Tadeu Orlandi XAVIER, Lorena Batista de MOURA, Mariana MICHELATO, Elias Nunes MARTINS, and Wilson Massamitu FURUYA. "Apparent digestibility of wheat and coproducts in extruded diets for the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 18, no. 3 (July 2017): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402017000300008.
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SUMMARY In the present study, we investigated the digestibility of wheat and its coproducts in extruded diets for juvenile Nile tilapia. Specifically, we evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (ADCDM), gross energy (ADCGE), crude protein (ADCCP), essential amino acids (EAAs), and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in winter wheat, spring wheat, wheat middling, wheat bran, and wheat germ in a diet fed Nile tilapia. A reference diet and test diets were used, with 5.0g/kg chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as the external indicator. The ADCDM, ADCCP, and ADCGE were higher (P< 0.05) in winter wheat, spring wheat, and wheat germ than for wheat middling and wheat bran. The ADCs of all amino acids (AAs) were >80%, except for threonine in wheat middling and wheat bran, exceeding 90% for winter wheat and wheat germ. The values of all investigated ingredients were high for ADCCP, and the ADCs of EAAs and NEAAs. A strong negative correlation was detected for crude fiber and ash with the ADCs of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. In general, wheat ingredients have good digestibility of protein and amino acids, but high fiber content reduces CDAMS and CDAEB in extruded diets for Nile tilapia.
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Brito, Vinicius Campachi, Leandro das Dores Ferreira da Silva, Maria Carolina Gonçalves de Arruda, Dagiale Kelly de Souza Tagliatella, Fernando Augusto Grandis, Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior, Lucas Camargo Ramos, Higor Souza de Camargo, Vitor Hugo Pereira, and Ivone Yurika Mizubuti. "Ruminal parameters and in-situ degradability of rations with wheat middling substitution for corn." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 3Supl1 (April 22, 2021): 1707–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3supl1p1707.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting corn with wheat middling on the in-situ degradability of foods and ruminal parameters of cattle. The experiment was conducted at the Ruminant Studies Unit and the Laboratory of Food Analysis and Animal Nutrition of Londrina State University. Five rumen-fistulated cattle with an average weight of 521 ± 38.22 kg were housed in individual stalls. The experimental design used was a Latin square with five treatments (100% C, 75% C 25% WM, 50% C 50% WM, 25% C 75% WM, and 100% WM) and five periods of 25 days each. The pH and ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) concentration in ruminal fluid was measured before feeding and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding in subdivided parcels. The in-situ degradability of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined by incubating silage samples and measuring concentrates in the rumen of cattle. The levels of substitution of corn by wheat middling did not alter the pH and N-NH3 values but was influenced by the collection time. The N-NH3 presented quadratic behavior with a point of maximum rumen concentration (5.31 mgdL-1) reached 1.12 h after feeding. The pH presented quadratic behavior with a point of minimum (6.04) reached 4.32 h after feeding. The effective degradability (ED) of DM with 2, 5 and 8%h-1 of passage rate was influenced by the substitution of corn by wheat middling, with increasing linear behavior. The ED 2%h-1 varied from 46.19% to 50.24%, the ED 5%h-1 varied from 33.76% to 38.68%, and the ED 8%h-1 values ranged from 28.16% to 32.92% for the 100% C and 100% WM treatments. Higher values, for treatments with higher levels of substitution of corn by wheat middling, occurred owing to the lower fiber content and to the largest soluble fractions and degradation rate of DM in rations with wheat middling. The ED of CP and NDF with passage rates of 2, 5 and 8%h-1 presented quadratic behavior. The ED 2, 5 and 8%h-1 of CP presented maximums of 75.9%, 77.9%, and 86.2%, with averages of 52.02%, 45.93%, and 42.23%, respectively. The ED 2, 5 and 8%h-1 of NDF presented minimum points of 29.6%, 34.7%, and 35.2%, with averages of 41.60%, 33.43%, and 27.76%, respectively. Wheat middling can be used for total substitution of corn without damaging ruminal pH and N-NH3, in addition to improving the degradability of rations.
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Yang, Fu Min, Min Yang, and Ke Ping Zhang. "Study on Transforming from Vegetable-Residue to Roughage." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2970.
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The use rate of the vegetable-residue is low which pollution-free processing does not reach the designated position. In order to resolve the problem of vegetable residues treatment, the research focus on transforming from vegetable-residue to feed for livestock and poultry combining with its characteristics of big water content and strong seasonality. Firstly, the vegetable cakes with about 45% moisture content were made of vegetable-residue by cleaning, beating, pressure filtration, batching, mixing, granulating, cooling and packaging. The orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the addition amount of bentonite, wheat middling, powdered rice hulls, binder and corn protein powder into vegetables particle roughage of poultry and vegetables honeycomb roughage of livestock from vegetable cakes which selected the forming ratio as the indicator. The results showed that when the addition amount of bentonite was 20%, wheat middling was 20%, powdered rice hulls was 20%, corn protein powder was 5%, the vegetables particle roughage had the best forming ratio, while the addition amount of bentonite 12.5%, wheat middling 10%, powdered rice hulls 15%, corn protein powder 3%, binder 2%, the livestock vegetables honeycomb roughage had the best forming ratio. The results would provide the references for vegetable-residue industrial treatment.
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Pessini, Jhonis Ernzen, Milena Souza Santos Sanchez, Mariana Lins Rodrigues, Wilson Rogério Boscolo, Fábio Bittencourt, and Altevir Signor. "Wheat middling in diets supplemented with phytase for silver catfish juveniles." Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE) 13, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.26605/medvet-v13n3-3313.
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Devaux, Marie-Françoise, François Le Deschault de Monredon, Dominique Guibert, Bruno Novales, and Joël Abecassis. "Particle size distribution of break, sizing and middling wheat flours by laser diffraction." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 78, no. 2 (October 1998): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199810)78:2<237::aid-jsfa110>3.0.co;2-m.
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Scheidel, Walter, and Steven J. Friesen. "The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire." Journal of Roman Studies 99 (November 2009): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/007543509789745223.
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Different methods of estimating the Gross Domestic Product of the Roman Empire in the second century C.E. produce convergent results that point to total output and consumption equivalent to 50 million tons of wheat or close to 20 billion sesterces per year. It is estimated that élites (around 1.5 per cent of the imperial population) controlled approximately one-fifth of total income, while middling households (perhaps 10 per cent of the population) consumed another fifth. These findings shed new light on the scale of economic inequality and the distribution of demand in the Roman world.
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Salazar, I., I. López, P. Glorio-Paulet, and C. Gomez. "Aflatoxin B1 contamination of feedstuff on a dairy farm in Northern Peru and aflatoxin M1 concentrations in raw milk." World Mycotoxin Journal 14, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2020.2672.
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Research regarding aflatoxin contamination levels in Peru is limited, although aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) require surveillance because of their toxicity. European regulations state that the harmonised maximum level (ML) is 5 μg/kg for AFB1 in feedstuffs and 0.05 μg/kg for AFM1 in milk. Our study aimed to determine the annual variation levels of AFB1 in ingredients used in feedstuffs for dairy cows and those of AFM1 in milk at a typical intensive dairy farm in Northern Peru. For 1 year, milk (n=529) and feedstuff samples (n=235) were collected and aflatoxin levels were determined using a lateral flow immunoassay. We found that 16% of milk samples had AFM1 contamination above the ML. AFM1 level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in December (end of spring) than that in all other months. Throughout the year, the most used feedstuffs were maize, soybean meal and whole soybean. Among the maize samples (n=77), 2.59% had an AFB1 level above the ML, whereas 45% had an AFB1 level below the ML. On the other hand, neither the soybean meal (n=69) nor whole soybean samples (n=64) had an AFB1 level above the ML, 46.4 and 20%, respectively. In 50% (n=10) of cottonseed meal samples, AFB1 level was above the ML; in 20% of wheat middling samples, it was above the ML. Cottonseed and wheat middling samples were used for 2 and 5 months, respectively. AFB1 level in feedstuff showed a significant difference in December (P<0.05) compared with other months, specifically for maize and soybean meal. As the AFM1 level in milk results from AFB1 contaminated feedstuff, our results emphasise the need to implement specific quality measures to reduce contamination.
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SEO, KUN-HO, PETER S. HOLT, and R. K. GAST. "Comparison of Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Hens Molted via Long-Term Feed Withdrawal versus Full-Fed Wheat Middling." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.12.1917.
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Molting is an important economic management tool for the layer industry as a means of maximizing the effective laying life of a flock. Previous work has shown that molting birds through feed removal (FM) increased the severity of a Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection. The current study was conducted to follow the progression of an SE infection in unmolted hens versus hens molted via 14-day FM or ad libitum feeding of wheat middlings (WM), in the presence or absence of 2.5% lactose administered in the drinking water. In two trials of the experiment, all hens were infected with approximately 1 × 107 SE at day 4 of molt and sampled for SE shedding on days 4, 10, 17, and 24 postinfection (PI). Organ levels of SE were determined on day 7 PI. All molt procedures caused cessation of egg lay within 3 to 7 days. In trials 1 and 2, birds subjected to total FM shed 3 to 5 logs more SE than either the control birds (unmolted) or the birds fed WM on days 4 and 10 PI. Liver and spleen, ovary, and cecum counts were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fasted birds in one trial and liver and spleen and cecum counts in the second. No differences in any of the SE counts were observed in unmolted versus WM-fed birds. Lactose supplementation in drinking water did not provide any advantage in reducing SE infection in either trial. These results indicate that there are alternative methods to long-term FM that can be used to molt birds and not increase the risk for SE problems. How these alternative methods compare with FM with regard to second-cycle egg production and the mechanisms involved in the reduced SE shedding remain to be investigated.
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HAKKI, Erdogan E., Nurdan DOGRAR, Anamika PANDEY, Mohd Kamran KHAN, Mehmet HAMURCU, Seyit A. KAYIS, Sait GEZGIN, Fatih ÖLMEZ, and Mahinur S. AKKAYA. "Molecular and Elemental Characterization of Selected Turkish Durum Wheat Varieties." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 42, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4229621.
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Combination of elemental and protein studies along with molecular data using microsatellite markers may lead to the better and realistic determination of relatedness between the varieties and their populations. In this study, the extent of diversity among five Turkish durum wheat cultivars and their populations has been assessed using seven microsatellite markers and the elemental analysis together with the differences in their protein content.In molecular analysis, total 23 alleles have been obtained among all the genotypes with middling of 4.6 per primer. On employing UPGMA Dendrogram, Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Winboot analyses, both inter and intra varietal polymorphic studies had shown similar clustering with minor differences. As a result of AMOVA performed, the extent of diversity was found to be higher among the genotypes (76%) in comparison to the variability within the genotypes (24%). In elemental analyses, ‘Selcuklu-97’ was found to be the most efficient variety with high content of several elements. Also, strong and positive correlation has been observed between magnesium- phosphorus, magnesium-sulphur and sulphur-sodium, while noteworthy negative correlation has been observed between sodium and zinc. The protein content of the genotypes was found in the range of 15.17-16.90%.The diversity revealed in durum genotypes can be employed in genetic expansion of the crop. These involved varieties may aid to avoid genetic attrition coming up from the landraces. The information provided can be utilized by breeders for appropriate selection of both, genetically and nutritionally efficient durum wheat varieties.
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Kelln, L., R. W. Newkirk, J. Smillie, H. A. Lardner, and G. B. Penner. "Does pellet size affect the ability of beef heifers to consume a pelleted supplement in a simulated grazing model?" Canadian Journal of Animal Science 99, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0238.
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The objective was to evaluate pellet consumption and refusals as affected by pellet size. Six ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. Heifers were individually housed and fed a diet of grass hay (57.5%), mineral and vitamin supplement (8.0%), and canola meal (11.9%) in a feed bunk, and their respective wheat- and wheat-middling-based treatment pellet (22.7%) on artificial turf. The artificial turf had a mean staple length of 5 cm and a blade density of 45 blades cm−2. The pellets were small (SM; 4 mm diameter), medium (MED; 11 mm diameter), or large (LG; 50 mm diameter) in size. Heifers fed LG had greater pellet intake than SM (2.24 vs. 2.06 kg; P = 0.035), with MED being intermediate (2.12 kg). Heifers fed LG tended to have less pellet waste than SM (P = 0.074). Heifers fed MED pellets had greater concentration of ruminal short-chain fatty acids than SM and LG (91.3 vs. 84.7 and 89.0 mmol L−1; P = 0.009). The results indicate that feeding a LG pellet may increase intake and reduce waste compared with SM, and that pellet size may also affect ruminal fermentation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wheat middling"
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Lewandowski, Vanessa. "Digestibilidade de alimentos energéticos suplementados com fitase para o jundiá (Rhamdia voulezi)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1941.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the digestibility of oat, rice grits, and wheat middling nutrients by silver catfish (Rhamdia voulezi), with and without phytase supplementation. We used 288 fish distributed in 24 tanks of 500 L with tapered conical bottom. The experimental design was completely randomized represented by eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of two reference diets (reference with and without phytase) and six test diets (oats with and without phytase, rice grits with and without phytase and wheat middling with and without phytase), factorial design, obtaining four diets without enzyme supplementation and four diets with supplementation. In the supplemented diets we added 1500 FTU kg-1 of phytase. We performed chemical, physical and mineral (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and cupper) analysis of the ingredients, diets and feces, as well as chromium oxide measurement of the diets and feces. The digestibility coefficients observed were submitted to factorial variance analysis (P>0,05). When a significant effect was observed, the Tukey s test was performed for mean comparisons. Oat presented the lowest digestibility coefficients for dry matter and energy compared to the other feeds supplemented or not with phytase. Phytase supplementation increased the digestibility coefficient of dry matter for rice grits, and of energy both for this feed and for wheat middling. As for the use of minerals we verified that wheat middling presented the highest digestibility coefficients related to feed without phytase as much as for feed supplemented with the enzyme. The supplementation of phytase in quantity of 1500 FTU kg-1 in the diet improves the nutrients digestibility coefficients mainly for oat and rice grits. Taking into account the feeds with or without supplementation of 1500 FTU kg-1 in the diet, rice grits and wheat middling presented the highest values of its nutrients use and can be used more efficiently for silver catfish (R. voulezi) feeding.
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a digestibilidade de nutrientes da aveia, quirera de arroz e do triguilho pelo jundiá (Rhamdia voulezi), com e sem suplementação de fitase. Foram utilizados 288 peixes distribuídos em 24 tanques de 500 L com fundo cônico afunilado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado, representado por oito tratamento e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na elaboração de duas dietas referências (referência com e sem fitase), e seis dietas testes (aveia com e sem fitase, quirera de arroz com e sem fitase e triguilho com e sem fitase), em esquema fatorial, obtendo-se quatro dietas sem suplementação da enzima e quatro dietas com suplementação. Nas dietas suplementadas, foi utilizado 1500 FTU Kg-1 de fitase. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e de minerais (fósforo, cálcio, magnésio, ferro e cobre) dos ingredientes, dietas e fezes e realizou-se leitura de óxido de crômio das dietas e das fezes. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade observados foram submetidos à análise de variância fatorial (P>0,05). Ao constar efeito significativo foi realizado o teste de Tukey para comparação de médias. A aveia apresentou os menores coeficientes de digestibilidade para a matéria seca e energia em relação aos demais alimentos suplementados ou não com fitase. A suplementação de fitase aumentou o coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca para a quirera de arroz e da energia tanto para esse alimento como para o triguilho. A suplementação enzimática apresentou maior influência na disponibilidade dos minerais para a aveia, entretanto, o triguilho apresentou os maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade dos mesmos, tanto em relação aos alimentos sem fitase como aos alimentos suplementados com a enzima. A quantidade de 1500 FTU Kg-1 na dieta melhora os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes principalmente para a aveia e quirera de arroz. Levando em consideração os alimentos suplementados ou não com 1500 FTU Kg-1 na dieta, a quirera de arroz e o triguilho apresentam valores maiores de aproveitamento de seus nutrientes podendo ser utilizados de forma mais eficiente na alimentação do jundiá (R. voulezi).
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Barnes, Julie A. "Effects of dietary wheat middlings, dried distillers grains with solubles and choice white grease on growth performance, carcass charactersitics, and carcass fat quality of grow-finish pigs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8566.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Joel M. DeRouchey
Five experiments used 3,004 pigs to determine influences of wheat middlings (Midds), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and choice white grease (CWG) on growth, carcass traits, and carcass fat quality of finishing pigs and the optimal SID Trp:Lys in growing and finishing pigs fed 30% DDGS. In Exp. 1, pigs fed increasing dietary Midds had decreased (linear; P≤0.02) ADG and G:F. Feeding 30% DDGS did not influence growth performance. For carcass traits, increasing Midds decreased (linear; P<0.01) carcass yield, HCW, and backfat depth (quadratic; P<0.02) but increased (quadratic; P<0.01) FFLI. Feeding 30% DDGS decreased (P<0.03) carcass yield and backfat depth (P<0.01), but increased FFLI (P<0.02) and jowl fat IV (P<0.001). In Exp. 2, feeding 20% dietary Midds decreased (P<0.01) ADG and G:F. Pigs fed diets with increasing CWG had improved ADG (quadratic, P<0.03) and G:F (linear, P<0.01). Dietary Midds or CWG did not affect ADFI. For carcass traits, feeding 20% Midds decreased carcass yield (P<0.05), HCW, backfat depth, and loin depth, while increasing jowl fat IV (P<0.001). Pigs fed CWG also had decreased (linear, P<0.05) FFLI and increased (linear, P<0.01) jowl fat iodine value. In conclusion, feeding Midds reduced pig growth performance, carcass yield, and increased jowl fat IV. In Exp. 3, xylanase supplementation did not improve growth performance or carcass traits of pigs fed different dietary energy and fiber levels. Increasing dietary energy increased (linear; P<0.001) ADG and G:F with no affect on ADFI. Increasing dietary energy increased (linear; P<0.01) yield, HCW, backfat depth, and reduced FFLI (linear; P<0.001) and jowl fat iodine value (linear; P<0.001). Apparent total tract digestibility of ADF improved (P<0.002) with the addition of dietary xylanase; however, there were no differences in any other nutrient digestibility criteria. As dietary energy increased, there was an increase (linear; P<0.02) in apparent digestibility of DM, N, fat, GE, ADF, and NDF. In Exp. 4 and 5, results indicated the optimal SID Trp:Lys was 16.5% from 36.3 to 72.6 kg, but at least 19.5% from 72.6 to 120.2 kg in corn-soybean meal diets containing 30% DDGS.
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Challa, Ravi Kumar. "FRACTIONATION OF SOYBEAN MEAL, COTTONSEED MEAL AND WHEAT MIDDLINGS USING COMBINATION OF SIEVING AND AIR CLASSIFICATION." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10022009-105240/.
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Fiber separation from these animal feeds could increase the protein and hence increase the value of the animal feed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combination of sieving and air classification for fiber separation from soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and wheat middlings (WM). The effect of yields of lighter fractions on fiber separation from size fractions was also investigated. At low yields of lighter fraction (5%), the quantity of fiber product separated was 3.7, 1.3 and 4.8% by weight of SBM, CSM and WM respectively. At high yields of lighter fractions (15%), the quantity of fiber product separated was 8.9, 3.5 and 11% by weight of SBM, CSM and WM respectively. For CSM and SBM, the enhanced product contained 0.6 to 2.0% higher protein content than unprocessed feed. For WM, the enhanced product contained 0.2 to 0.7% higher protein content than unprocessed feed.
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Asmus, Matthew Duane. "Effects of dietary fiber on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality in growing-finishing pigs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15103.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Science and Industry
Jim L. Nelssen
Three experiments used 777 pigs to study the effects of fiber source; wheat middlings (midds), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and choice white grease (CWG), and reduction strategies for growing and finishing pigs. Also a fourth study utilizing 1,360 pigs was conducted to determine the effect of immunocastration (IC) and DDGS withdrawal on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid analysis, and iodine value (IV) of pork fat depots in growing and finishing pigs. Experiment 1 determined that the ingredient source of fiber (wheat middlings or DDGS) was more important than NDF level alone, for characterization of growth, carcass, and yield responses. Experiment 2 showed that a short (23 d) fiber reduction strategy was successful at fully recovering yield loss; however, a longer reduction (47 d) was necessary for further improvements in carcass fat quality (IV). Experiment 3 further proved that yield loss can be recovered with a short fiber reduction strategy (19 d), and that adding energy from CWG during the fiber reduction period can improve feed efficiency, but was unsuccessful at further improving carcass yield or carcass fat quality. Experiment 4 showed that carcass yield was lower for IC pigs than barrows regardless of dietary DDGS or withdrawal strategy. Also pigs fed 30% DDGS throughout had decreased carcass yield; however, withdrawing DDGS from the diet on d 74 was effective at recovering the yield loss. While DDGS withdrawal strategy was successful at lowering IV, but was unsuccessful at fully lowering IV to values of pigs fed the control diet throughout. Iodine values were somewhat variable within fat depot, showing the jowl and clear plate fat were less accurate in showing changes from the diet, most likely due to the fact they are deposited earlier and are slower to turnover. Iodine value tended to be greater for IC pigs than barrows on d 107, but by d 125 there were no differences in IV between IC and barrows. This dramatic improvement from d 107 to 125 could be caused by the dilution of unsaturated fatty acids, specifically C18:2 and C18:3, due to the rapid deposition of fat in IC pigs.
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De, Jong Jon Andrew. "The effects of wheat middlings, particle size, complete diet grinding, and diet form on nursery and finishing pig growth performance." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15555.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Joel DeRouchey
Seven experiments using a total of 2,997 nursery and finishing pigs were used to determine the effects of: 1) dietary wheat middlings (midds), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and NE diet formulation on nursery pig growth performance; 2) corn particle size, complete diet grinding, and diet form on finishing pig growth performance, and carcass characteristics, and 3) particle size, complete diet grinding, and diet form on nursery pig growth. Experiments 1-4 evaluated dietary wheat middlings at levels of up to 20% of the diet for 7 to 23 kg pigs. Increasing dietary midds decreased growth performance but mainly when 10% of more was added. Balancing diets containing 10 or 20% midds on a NE basis had no significant effects on performance compared with not adjusting for NE of the diet. In Exp. 5, the effects of decreasing particle size, complete diet grinding, and diet form were evaluated on finishing pig growth performance, and carcass characteristics. Diet form × portion ground interactions existed for ADG, ADFI, and HCW as grinding the complete diet in meal form was detrimental to performance but advantageous to performance when diets were fed in pelleted form. Reducing the particle size of corn improved G:F and caloric efficiencies. Pelleting the diet improved ADG, G:F, caloric efficiencies, HCW, and loin depth. Experiment 6 evaluated varying particle sizes, diet form, and complete diet grinding on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs fed pelleted diets had improved ADG, G:F, and caloric efficiencies. Fine grinding corn or the complete diet with high by-products diet decreased ADG, ADFI, G:F, and final BW. Experiment 7 evaluated varying particle sizes of corn and DDGS, diet form, and complete diet grinding on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs fed finely ground corn had decreased ADFI when the diet was fed in pellet form and more severe reductions in ADFI when diets were fed in meal form resulting in a diet form × corn particle size interaction. Pigs fed pelleted diets had decreased ADG, ADFI, G:F and final BW, but improved caloric efficiencies. Finely grinding corn decreased ADG, and feeding DDGS decreased ADG, ADFI, and NE caloric efficiency.
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Pedroso, Alexandre Mendonça. "Substituição do milho em grãos por subprodutos da agroindústria na ração de vacas leiteiras em confinamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-08112006-144807/.
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Com o intuito de avaliar a substituição do milho em grãos por alimentos alternativos em rações de vacas em lactação, foram conduzidos três experimentos iguais, em que a única diferença foi o alimento testado: No experimento 1 avaliou-se a inclusão do farelo de glúten de milho 21 (FGM-21) em três níveis (0, 10 e 20% da MS) em substituição ao milho moído das rações. A ingestão diária de MS (21,19 kg/an), a produção de leite (24,88 kg/an), a produção de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura (25,34 kg/an), o teor de gordura (3,62%), e o teor de sólidos totais (11,86%) não foram afetados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A inclusão do FGM-21 afetou os teores de proteína e lactose do leite e a concentração de nitrogênio uréico do leite (P>0,05). No experimento 2 avaliou-se a inclusão da casca de soja (CS) em três níveis (0, 10 e 20% da MS) em substituição ao milho moído das rações. A inclusão da CS não afetou o consumo de matéria seca (22,84 kg/d), nem a produção de leite (28,33 kg/d) e produção de leite corrigido para gordura (28,48 kd/d) (P>0,05). No entanto a inclusão do subproduto aumentou linearmente a produção total de gordura (P<0,05) e a concentração de nitrogênio uréico (P<0,01) no leite. No experimento 3 avaliou-se a inclusão do farelo de trigo (FT) em três níveis (0, 10 e 20% da MS) em substituição ao milho moído das rações. A inclusão do FT reduziu (P<0,05) o consumo de matéria seca (média de 22,20 kg/d) e a produção de leite (P<0,01) (média de 31,65 kg/d), a produção de leite corrigido para 3,5% de gordura (média de 27,44 kg/d), a produção de proteína, gordura e lactose do leite (P<0,05), e consequentemente, a produção de sólidos totais do leite (P<0,05). No entanto os teores dos componentes do leite não foram afetados pelos tratamentos. A inclusão do subproduto causou aumento no teor de nitrogênio uréico no leite (P<0,01).Four identical experiments were conducted to evaluate the substitution of some byproducts for corn grain in confined lactating cows diets. The only source of variation among them was the byproduct tested. In trial 1 the inclusion of three doses of corn gluten feed (FGM-21) (0, 10 and 20% DM) in substitution for ground corn was evaluated. Treatments did not affect (P>0.10) daily dry matter intake (DMI) (21.19 kg/cow), milk yield (24.88 kg/cow), 3,5% fat corrected milk yield (FCM) (25.34 kg/cow), milk fat content (3.62%), and milk total solids (11.86%). Inclusion of corn gluten feed affected milk protein, lactose and urea concentrations (P<0.05). In trial 2 the inclusion of three doses of soy hulls (0, 10 and 20% DM) in substitution for ground corn was evaluated. Inclusion of soy hulls had no effect on daily dry matter intake (DMI) (22.84 kg/d), milk yield (28.33 kg/d) or fat corrected milk (FCM) yield (28.48 kd/d) (P>0.05). However, inclusion of CS linearly increased total milk fat yield (P<0,05) and linearly decreased MUN (P<0,01). In trial 3 the inclusion of three doses of wheat middlings (FT) (0, 10 and 20% DM) in substitution for ground corn was evaluated. Inclusion of FT reduced (P<0,05) dry matter intake (22.20 kg/d average) and milk yield (P<0,01) (31.65 kg/d average), FCM yield (27.44 kg/d average), total milk fat, protein and lactose, and milk total solids (P<0,05). Milk components concentration was not affected by treatments. Inclusion of the byproduct increased MUN concentration (P<0,01).
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Patterson, Paul Hanes. "Protein turnover in the breast muscle of broiler chicks and studies addressing chlorine dioxide sanitation of hatching eggs, poultry leg problems and wheat middling diets for laying hens." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19828540.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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Shirley, Tyson R. "Daily vs alternate day supplementation of soybean meal or wheat middlings to steers consuming low quality hay." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31848.
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of daily (D) vs
alternate day (AD) supplementation of soybean meal (SBM) or wheat
middlings (WM) on forage organic matter intake (OMI), ruminal digesta
kinetics, total tract digestibility, and ADG of steers consuming low quality
forage. In Exp. 1, five Angus x Hereford steers (403 �� 32 kg) fitted with
rumen cannulas were utilized in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Steers were
individually fed low-quality (5.3% CP) fescue hay ad libitum and were
randomly assigned to one of five treatments: no supplement (CON); WM
fed daily (WMD); WM fed every other day (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD);
and SBM fed every other day (SBMAD). Supplements were formulated to
meet 100% of degradable intake protein (DIP) and metabolizable protein
(MP) requirements. Supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total
OMI (g���kg��������BW�����) and total OM digestibility (%) compared to CON. Daily
supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total OMI and hay and total
OM digestibility when compared with AD supplementation. Hay OMI and
hay OM digestibility was greater (P<0.01) for SBM compared to WM, but
total OMI and total OM digestibility was not different (P>0.38). In Exp. 2,
96 Angus crossbred steers (280 �� 32 kg) were blocked by weight (three
groups) into 12 pens in a randomized complete block design. Steers were
fed low-quality (6.2% CP) fescue straw ad libitum, and one of four
supplements formulated to meet 100% of the DIP requirements: WM fed
daily (WMD); WM fed 3d/week (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD); and SBM
fed 3d/week (SBMAD). Straw OMI was greater (P<0.03) for D compared
with AD supplemented treatments and for SBM compared with WM
supplemented treatments. Total OMI was greater (P<0.01) for D
compared with AD supplemented treatments, however, SBM had similar
total OMI when compared with WM supplemented treatments. Daily
supplemented steers had greater (P=0.03) ADG when compared with AD
supplemented steers. Despite having lower forage intake and similar total
OMI, steers consuming WM had higher (P<0.01) ADG when compared to
steers consuming SBM.Graduation date: 2003
Books on the topic "Wheat middling"
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Jasink, Anna Margherita, Judith Weingarten, and Silvia Ferrara, eds. Non-scribal Communication Media in the Bronze Age Aegean and Surrounding Areas. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-637-8.
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This volume is intended to be the first in a series that will focus on the origin of script and the boundaries of non-scribal communication media in proto-literate and literate societies of the ancient Aegean. Over the last 30 years, the domain of scribes and bureaucrats has become much better known. Our goal now is to reach below the élite and scribal levels to interface with non-scribal operations conducted by people of the ‘middling’ sort. Who made these marks and to what purpose? Did they serve private or (semi-) official roles in Bronze Age Aegean society? The comparative study of such practices in the contemporary East (Cyprus, Anatolia, the Levant, and Egypt) can shed light on sub-elite activities in the Aegean and also provide evidence for cultural and economic exchange networks.
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Sng, Zachary. Middling Romanticism. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288410.001.0001.
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The book examines the “middling” work performed by writers of the Romantic period such as Lessing, Kleist, P. B. Shelley, and Hölderlin. It traces their attempts to re-imagine the middle as a constitutive principle, which begin with dislodging terms such as medium, moderation, and mediation from their conventional roles as self-evident, self-effacing tools that conduct from one pole to another or provide a compromise between two extremes. What they offer instead is a dwelling in and with the middle: an attention to intervals, interstices, and gaps that recognize their centrality to the concept of relation. This produces a profound medial ambivalence that underpins romanticism’s re-writing of conceptual pairs such as origin and destination, speaker and addressee, deficit and surplus, self and other. In this light, we might also ask what it means for us to recognize our mediated relationship to romanticism. To address this question, the readings consider romantic writing in the context of a double juxtaposition: alongside the legacy of romantic middling in the twentieth century but the classical sources about the middle that romanticism draw on. The challenge is to see romanticism as neither ancient nor modern, but as the historical hinge upon which such distinctions turn, the mirror in which our own image is mediated and cast back to us.
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Mitchell Sommers, Susan. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687328.003.0016.
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This biographical microhistory of the Sibly family is presented as a model and corrective—a model for delving more deeply into a broad array of primary sources than has been possible in the past, through the use of newly available technologies and techniques. The result is that historians can discover a more accurate and useful understanding of the middling classes during the key eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, while what is recognized as “modernity” was developing. The Siblys’ stories are also intended as a corrective to the largely erroneous or incomplete narratives involving them that appear in scholarly literature, and which contribute to distorted or partial accounts of key historical trends and events.
Book chapters on the topic "Wheat middling"
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Sng, Zachary. "This is (not) a Joint." In Middling Romanticism, 127–53. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288410.003.0006.
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The readings of Hölderlin’s poetry by Walter Benjamin and Martin Heidegger place emphasis on the principle of articulation or joining, with particular attention to the question of how this principle of middling itself makes its appearance in literary representation. The figure of palintropic, invisible harmonia—borrowed from Heraclitus by Heidegger—is a vivid example of a joint that holds together and also apart, but must itself withdraw from appearance. This doubling-back of appearance has important parallels in Heidegger and Benjamin’s texts, which share a concern about preserving a sphere of “un-mediatizability” (Unmittelbarkeit). Their interest in representation at the very limits of what can be represented is considered alongside their use and thematization of punctuation, which is evoked at crucial junctures as a paradigmatic figure that brings word and image together in an ekphrastic comparison that also undercuts its own mimetic claims.
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Sng, Zachary. "Lyric Meditude." In Middling Romanticism, 154–72. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288410.003.0007.
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John Ashbery’s self-declared preference for the middle and the debt to Hölderlin form the context for reading select poems from Where Shall I Wander (2005). The source of their anxiety is not the expanse on the other side of death, but the endless gaps opened up in the middle of things—not fini-tude, therefore, but medi-tude. Moving between Ashbery’s “The New Higher” and Hölderlin’s translation of Pindar’s “The Highest,” the reading explores what both have to say about relation, voice, and subjectivity. The poetic self is, they propose, constituted by addressing and turning to the other, but such acts seem to never arrive at their destination. We dwell instead in the spaces of the in-between: the caesura, the comma, the stutter or the sudden division of a line. Symptoms of perpetual delay and deferral, they also represent the life of poetic address as the infinite, restless movement of desire.
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Voorhoeve, Alex. "Healthy Nails versus Long Lives." In Measuring the Global Burden of Disease, edited by Nir Eyal, Samia A. Hurst, Christopher J. L. Murray, S. Andrew Schroeder, and Daniel Wikler, 273–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082543.003.0016.
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How should governments balance saving people from very large individual disease burdens (such as an early death) against saving them from middling burdens (such as erectile dysfunction) and minor burdens (such as nail fungus)? This chapter considers this question through an analysis of a priority-setting proposal in the Netherlands, on which avoiding a multitude of middling burdens takes priority over saving one person from early death, but no number of very small burdens can take priority over avoiding one death. It argues that there is some, albeit imperfect, evidence of substantial public support for such a policy. Furthermore, it provides a principled rationale for it in terms of respect for the person who faces the largest burden. However, it also argues that the threshold for what counts as a minor burden should be set substantially lower than in the Dutch proposal.
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Wood, Gordon S. "Epilogue." In Power and Liberty, 175–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197546918.003.0009.
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This brief epilogue attempts to answer why Rhode Island was so criticized and why it alone refused to attend the Constitutional Convention. It was by far the most democratic colony and state and the most commercially advanced. It had the weakest elite and the most middling elements, which made it an ideal example of what was to come in the wild and disorderly northern economy of antebellum America. Its excessive paper money was a symptom of its advanced commercial character and the source of much of its economic success in the nineteenth century.
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Jack, Zachary Michael. "Cornfield Cathedrals." In The Haunt of Home, 182–93. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751790.003.0013.
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This chapter focuses on Foxfield Golf Course, run by two unpaid employees, a father and a son. Some say this cornfield mecca never really existed, apart from some inexpensive business cards printed once upon a time. And yet the author played it day after day. However, Foxfield is no more. Theologians, mystics, literary theorists, and quacks insist people become pilgrims only when they realize what they lack. A pilgrimage is a journey undertaken in light of a story. The author then talks about how they wanted to go back to their home farm. After thirty-odd years of such middling Middle Americanism, of Protestant work ethic and prudence bordering on Puritanical, the author was ready to be a true pilgrim, to do what pilgrims do: travel across the burning sands in search of a mecca.
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Wengrow, David. "Image and Economy in the Ancient World." In The Origins of Monsters. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159041.003.0002.
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This chapter examines what led Mikhail Rostovtzeff, an ancient historian, almost a century ago to compare distributions of composite figures from China to Scandinavia. Rostovtzeff is known for his controversial view that the true architects of classical civilization were not those tied to the land, whether as peasant laborers or feudal aristocracy, but rather the middling professional classes of merchants, industrialists, and bankers whose social aspirations were most closely in tune with the civic values of an expanding urban society. Rostovtzeff was also embroiled in debates over the chronological position and cultural affiliations of Bronze Age metal hoards, unearthed along the shores of the Caspian and Black Seas. The chapter considers Rostovtzeff's approach to the interpretation of imagery, and his particular attraction to the imaginary creatures of nomadic art. It might be argued that the movements of monsters offered a kind of visual counterpart to Rostovtzeff's story of an ever-expanding Bronze Age civilization.
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Hoffmann, Roald, and Brian P. Coppola. "Some Heretical Thoughts on What Our Students Are Telling Us." In Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0030.
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There is a time, twice a year, when those of us who teach introductory courses sit down in a comfortable chair, pour ourselves a middling portion of single malt Scotch whisky, and begin to read the comments that students write about our teaching. For the overall ratings, numerical in nature, we can bear to wait—the computer will dutifully compile these single point undifferentiating indicators. What we settle down to read are the “free-style comments,” where the students are encouraged to write (anonymously, of course) what they think of the book, the exams, and, of course, of the lecturer. Many, not all, universities give students the opportunity to express themselves in this way. Some of us have learned to avoid asking silly questions with predictable responses, such as “What is the best part of the course?” So we sit down, perhaps turning on some Chopin to complement the whisky, and face those student responses. Many are positive, as (with a trace of mild astonishment) “I didn’t think I’d like chemistry, but Prof. Coppola made it fun!,” “I actually enjoyed going to the lectures,” or “I didn’t get a very good grade, but I sure learned a lot.” It’s not always easy for a student (or us) to say a word of praise, to give thanks graciously harder still. Positive feelings generally wash over us leaving small marks. Happiness is often diffuse. But pain is sharp—the small pain of a torn cuticle, the stronger incapacitating pain of a broken bone. Or, negating the validity of the familiar litany “sticks and stones . . . ” the mental anguish of reading an evaluation such as “Prof. Hoffmann spends all his time on digressions, relating chemistry to politics, history, God knows what else. Who cares how hemoglobin or catalytic converters work? I want to know what’s on the MCATs.” Or “I got an A by memorizing equations and doing exam problems that were exactly like the problems that I had seen on the previous tests . . . ” Or, “As far as I am concerned I did not need to go to class.”
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Sweet, Ryan. "‘Get the Best Article in the Market’: Prostheses for Women in Nineteenth-Century Literature and Commerce." In Rethinking Modern Prostheses in Anglo-American Commodity Cultures, 1820-1939, edited by Claire L. Jones. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526101426.003.0006.
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In 1822, George Webb Derenzy, a former captain in the British army, published a volume titled Enchiridion: Or, A Hand for the One-Handed. The text highlighted what Derenzy called his ‘One-Handed Apparatus,’ a collection of twenty instruments that he had made after losing his arm in the Napoleonic Wars. Designed to ease his daily routines of washing, eating, writing, and socializing, Derenzy’s inventions included, among other items, an egg cup that tilted in any direction and a card-holder that fanned out and folded up for easy transportation. This chapter examines Derenzy’s motivations for publishing the Enchiridion; the responses he received from readers around the globe; and the presuppositions about gender and class that ultimately constrained his consumer appeal and profit. Derenzy chose to publish, not patent, his contraptions due to his charitable desires to share them with others with lost limbs. His focus on using his prostheses to reclaim aspects of his social respectability and manly independence that his impairments seemed to threaten, however, ended up alienating poor, middling, and female patrons and limiting his success as an entrepreneur and a philanthropist. Perhaps due to these marketing missteps, Derenzy experienced the plight of many physically-impaired people during the period; unable to profitably labour, he sustained a steady descent into poverty.
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Robertson, Shanthi. "Conclusion." In Temporality in Mobile Lives, 179–86. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529211511.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter returns to and reflects on the fundamental questions posed by the book as a whole. Why does time matter to the study of migration? How are spatio-temporal formations, and subsequently scholarly understandings, of migrant mobilities changing in the contemporary world? What new insights does a temporal perspective add to the sociology of migration? How can we understand the middle as a range of migration experiences that sit between the liminal mobilities of those disenfranchised by globalization and the fluid mobilities of those privileged by the same forces? Migration governance creates both friction and possibility as it comes up against migrants' own desires to use mobility strategically to create new pathways, new lives and new ways of being. Such desires are linked, culturally, to the life-stage in-between youth and adulthood in Asian middle-class imaginaries. The negotiation of mobility thus takes place in intertwinement with the negotiation of both normative and emergent social and cultural imaginaries of 'becoming adult' and the timings and milestones that this entails. The temporalities of settling and staying, of sedentariness and belonging, still very much matter, particularly to ideas of 'achieving' the imagined stability of adult life. Exploring middling mobilities reveals how migration can simultaneously and paradoxically embody freedom and constraint, closure and openness, anxiety and opportunity.
Conference papers on the topic "Wheat middling"
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Pascuzzi, Simone, Pawel Sobczak, Artur Przywara, Magdalena Kachel, and Francesco Santoro. "Assessment of physical properties of pet-food based on wheat middlings and meat meal." In 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2020.19.tf043.
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