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Journal articles on the topic 'Wheatstone's Bridge'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Geddes, L. A. "Did Wheatstone build a bridge? (Wheatstone's bridge circuit)." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 25, no. 3 (May 2006): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.2006.1636359.

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2

Greenslade, Thomas B. "Wheatstone's Bridge." Physics Teacher 43, no. 1 (January 2005): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1845984.

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3

POIRIER, W., and F. SCHOPFER. "QUANTUM HALL EFFECT AND OHM METROLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2009): 2779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062360.

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The quantum Hall effect (QHE) discovery has revolutionized the ohm metrology: the representation of the unit of resistance is now universal and the ohm can be maintained in each national metrology institute with a relative uncertainty of one part in 109. This breakthrough also results from the development of resistance comparison bridges using cryogenic current comparator (CCC). The fundamental properties of the QHE allow the realization of Quantum Hall Array Resistance Standards (QHARS) by combining a large number of single Hall bars connected in series and/or in parallel. These standards can be as accurate as a single Hall bar. More generally, the multiple connection technique allows metrologists to design useful circuits based on quantum Hall resistors like voltage dividers or Wheatstone bridges. The QHE Wheatstone bridge is particularly suitable for comparing quantum standards. By detecting the unbalance current of this bridge with a CCC, new universality tests of the QHE with a target uncertainty less than 1011 can be realized.

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4

Vordos, Nick, Despoina Gkika, and Dimitrios Bandekas. "Wheatstone Bridge and Bioengineering." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 13, no. 5 (2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.135.02.

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Wheatstone bridge is a circuits that has been used in many applications. In these lecture notes, a brief history, the basic circuits and mathematical expressions, a side wide bridge as well as the connection of Wheatstone bridge with biomechanics are presented. A representative application for hand movement and a variation in microfluidics are described.

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5

Ammann, Christine, Paul Erdös, and Stephen B. Haley. "Superconducting micronets: The Wheatstone bridge." Physical Review B 51, no. 17 (May 1, 1995): 11739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.11739.

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6

Ekelof, S. "The genesis of the Wheatstone bridge." Engineering Science & Education Journal 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/esej:20010106.

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7

Li, Yue, Iñigo Liberal, and Nader Engheta. "Metatronic analogues of the Wheatstone bridge." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 33, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): A72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.33.000a72.

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8

Masiulionis, Ričardas. "INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES FOR STRAIN MEASUREMENT / ELEKTRONINIŲ ĮTAISŲ TYRIMAS DEFORMACIJOMS MATUOTI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 1 (August 22, 2011): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.013.

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Importance of strain measuring for safety of buildings is shown. The strain monitoring should be one of the buildings security systems. Often used balanced and non-balanced Wheatstone bridge strain measurement methods are analyzed. The Wheatstone bridge method with feedback is improved. A new method based on small resistance changes by the digital balancing currents is presented. Computer and experimental models of measurement are investigated. The received results confirm theoretical assumptions.

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9

Ardika, I. Nyoman, and I. Nyoman Suardika. "Eksperimen Gabungan Uji Lentur dan Implementasi Teori Wheatstone Bridge untuk Mengetahui Kekuatan Lentur dan Modulus Elastisitas Material Reng Baja Ringan." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v15i1.277.

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Abstract Lightweight steel battens are one of the elements roof frame structure buildings. The material that is widely used today is mild steel. To get optimal results use be lightweight steel battens can be done through a structural analysis. In the analysis structure of light steel battens, required the actual dimensions of the cross-section and strength the light steel battens. The actual dimensions of the cross sections are obtained by direct measurement, and strength is obtained through a laboratory testing process either tensile testing or bending testing. This research was conducted by combining the application of Wheatstone Bride theory and bending testing in determining the strength and modulus of elasticity of mild steel battens on eleven test samples of mild steel battens with a length of 600 mm each. The test result data is in the form of load relationship with voltage changes generated from the Wheatstone Bridge network on a multimeter reading connected to the Wheatstone Bridge network. The data processing of the result of the change in voltage test will produce strain, so that the load and strain relationship is obtained. Data analysis of load relationship with stretching and the load-stress relationship will describe the strain-stress relationship. From the results of data processing, the results of the research conducted were obtained yield stress (fy) 407.8739 MPa at 0.2% strain; allowable stress (fa) 271,916 MPa at 0.1333% strain; ultimate stress (fu) 616,094 MPa at a strain of 0.3021%; and Modulus of elasticity (Es) 203921 MPa. Keywords:Mild Steel, Strain, Wheatstonebridge, Stress

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10

Jin, Zhenhu, Muhamad Arif Ihsan Mohd Noor Sam, Mikihiko Oogane, and Yasuo Ando. "Serial MTJ-Based TMR Sensors in Bridge Configuration for Detection of Fractured Steel Bar in Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020668.

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Thanks to high sensitivity, excellent scalability, and low power consumption, magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors have been widely implemented in various industrial fields. In nondestructive magnetic flux leakage testing, the magnetic sensor plays a significant role in the detection results. As highly sensitive sensors, integrated MTJs can suppress frequency-dependent noise and thereby decrease detectivity; therefore, serial MTJ-based sensors allow for the design of high-performance sensors to measure variations in magnetic fields. In the present work, we fabricated serial MTJ-based TMR sensors and connected them to a full Wheatstone bridge circuit. Because noise power can be suppressed by using bridge configuration, the TMR sensor with Wheatstone bridge configuration showed low noise spectral density (0.19 μV/Hz0.5) and excellent detectivity (5.29 × 10−8 Oe/Hz0.5) at a frequency of 1 Hz. Furthermore, in magnetic flux leakage testing, compared with one TMR sensor, the Wheatstone bridge TMR sensors provided a higher signal-to-noise ratio for inspection of a steel bar. The one TMR sensor system could provide a high defect signal due to its high sensitivity at low lift-off (4 cm). However, as a result of its excellent detectivity, the full Wheatstone bridge-based TMR sensor detected the defect even at high lift-off (20 cm). This suggests that the developed TMR sensor provides excellent detectivity, detecting weak field changes in magnetic flux leakage testing.

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11

Tanyeri, Melikhan, Mikhil Ranka, Natawan Sittipolkul, and Charles M. Schroeder. "Microfluidic Wheatstone bridge for rapid sample analysis." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 24 (2011): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1lc20604d.

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12

Greenslade, Thomas B. "A different sort of Wheatstone bridge experiment." Physics Teacher 52, no. 6 (September 2014): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4893079.

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13

Lee, Chiun-Peng, Mei-Feng Lai, Hao-Ting Huang, Chi-Wen Lin, and Zung-Hang Wei. "Wheatstone bridge giant-magnetoresistance based cell counter." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 57 (July 2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.028.

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14

Pang, Yu, Yuxing Li, Xuefeng Wang, Chenjie Qi, Yi Yang, and Tian-Ling Ren. "A contact lens promising for non-invasive continuous intraocular pressure monitoring." RSC Advances 9, no. 9 (2019): 5076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra10257k.

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15

Overney, Frédéric, and Blaise Jeanneret. "Impedance bridges: from Wheatstone to Josephson." Metrologia 55, no. 5 (July 27, 2018): S119—S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aacf6c.

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16

Guo, Xiao Peng. "Wireless Bridge Strain Data Acquisition System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 722 (December 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.722.299.

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Bridge health monitoring has become an important means of transportation for bridge management, and the bridge strain is an important health detection index of bridge. In order to simplify the wiring complexity of test site, this paper aims to research a wireless bridge strain acquisition system based on Wheatstone bridge. The instrument can realize accurate acquisition of bridge strain data, then collects and transmits data remotely to the monitoring data processing system of PC through WIFI. This paper will make a detailed introduction of the system through two aspects of hardware and software.

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17

KOKLU, Nigmet, Dundar Yener, and Hamdi Sukur KILIC. "Simulation of Wheatstone Bridge for Measurement of Resistances." International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Electronics and Computers 3, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.80135.

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18

Morgenshtein, Arkadiy, Liby Sudakov-Boreysha, Uri Dinnar, Claudio G. Jakobson, and Yael Nemirovsky. "Wheatstone-Bridge readout interface for ISFET/REFET applications." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 98, no. 1 (March 2004): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2003.07.017.

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19

Pernick, Benjamin J. "Optimum setting of a slide wire Wheatstone Bridge." Physics Teacher 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343199.

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20

Salmon, Octavio R., Bráulio T. Agostini, and Fernando D. Nobre. "Ising spin glasses on Wheatstone–Bridge hierarchical lattices." Physics Letters A 374, no. 15-16 (April 2010): 1631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2010.02.022.

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21

Zhao, Yongtao. "Measuring Fabric Moisture Content with Improved Wheatstone Bridge." Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics 7, no. 2 (June 2014): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3993/jfbi06201408.

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22

Wang, X. "CORRECTIONS FOR GAGE FACTOR AND WHEATSTONE BRIDGE NONLINEARITY." Experimental Techniques 21, no. 3 (May 1997): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.1997.tb00521.x.

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23

Van Putten, A. F. P. "A constant voltage constant current wheatstone bridge configuration." Sensors and Actuators 13, no. 2 (February 1988): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0250-6874(88)80033-7.

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24

Bobylev, Y. V., A. I. Gribkov, and R. V. Romanov. "WHEATSTONE BRIDGE: HISTORY, THEORY, APPLICATION, MODELING, AND TRAINING." Physics in School, no. 1 (2021): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47639/0130-5522_2021_1_44.

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25

Zhang, Yunfan, Bowen Li, Hui Li, Shengnan Shen, Feng Li, Wentao Ni, and Wan Cao. "Investigation of Potting-Adhesive-Induced Thermal Stress in MEMS Pressure Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062011.

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Thermal stress is one of the main sources of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices error. The Wheatstone bridge is the sensing structure of a typical piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensor. In this study, the thermal stress induced by potting adhesive in MEMS pressure sensor was investigated by experiments, calculated by analytics and analyzed by simulations. An experiment system was used to test the sensor at different air pressures and temperatures. The error becomes greater with the decrease in pressure. A set of novel formulas were proposed to calculate the stress–strain on Wheatstone bridge. The error increases with the temperature deviating from 25 °C. A full-scale geometric model was developed, and finite element simulations were performed, to analyze the effect of the stress on MEMS pressure sensor induced by different temperatures and thicknesses of potting adhesive. Simulation results agree well with the experiments, which indicated that there is a 3.48% to 6.50% output error in 0.35 mm potting adhesive at 150 °C. With the thickness of potting adhesive increasing, the variations of output error of the Wheatstone bridge present an N-shaped curve. The output error meets a maximum of 5.30% in the potting adhesive of 0.95 mm and can be reduced to 2.47%, by increasing the potting adhesive to 2.40 mm.

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26

Li, Yong-Jiang, Yu-Nong Yang, Hai-Jun Zhang, Chun-Dong Xue, De-Pei Zeng, Tun Cao, and Kai-Rong Qin. "A Microfluidic Micropipette Aspiration Device to Study Single-Cell Mechanics Inspired by the Principle of Wheatstone Bridge." Micromachines 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10020131.

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The biomechanical properties of single cells show great potential for early disease diagnosis and effective treatments. In this study, a microfluidic device was developed for quantifying the mechanical properties of a single cell. Micropipette aspiration was integrated into a microfluidic device that mimics a classical Wheatstone bridge circuit. This technique allows us not only to effectively alter the flow direction for single-cell trapping, but also to precisely control the pressure exerted on the aspirated cells, analogous to the feature of the Wheatstone bridge that can precisely control bridge voltage and current. By combining the micropipette aspiration technique into the microfluidic device, we can effectively trap the microparticles and Hela cells as well as measure the deformability of cells. The Young’s modulus of Hela cells was evaluated to be 387 ± 77 Pa, which is consistent with previous micropipette aspiration studies. The simplicity, precision, and usability of our device show good potential for biomechanical trials in clinical diagnosis and cell biology research.

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27

Tie-Zhu, Yang, Lai Xiao-Lei, and Long Qian-Xin. "Development of Wheatstone bridge and Kelvin bridge Simulation Experiment System Based on LabVIEW." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1792, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1792/1/012083.

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28

Shao, Zhuang, Zhi Xia He, Ze Peng Wang, and Liang Zhang. "Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Based on Transient Double-Hot Wire Technique." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1183.

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A new experimental apparatus has been developed for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquid by the two transient hot-wire method, which is based on the theory of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction in infinite medium. The glass tubes, the heating line source and temperature measurement devices are designed in this experiment. As the temperature controller, low-temperature bath provides a constant water bath environment and current calibrator is the power source. Wheatstone bridge is used to test the relation between the temperature changes and resistance. Data acquisition and control unit is data acquisition devices of the Wheatstone bridge. As the temperature coefficient of platinum wire resistance is calibrated. It can be used to measure 32 groups of data from 10°C to 40°C at the every 10°C according to the experimental steps.

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29

Jiang, Hongchuan, Xiaoyu Tian, Xinwu Deng, Xiaohui Zhao, Luying Zhang, Wanli Zhang, Jianfeng Zhang, and Yifan Huang. "Low Concentration Response Hydrogen Sensors Based on Wheatstone Bridge." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051096.

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The PdNi film hydrogen sensors with Wheatstone bridge structure were designed and fabricated with the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The integrated sensors consisted of four PdNi alloy film resistors. The internal two were shielded with silicon nitride film and used as reference resistors, while the others were used for hydrogen sensing. The PdNi alloy films and SiN films were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The morphology and microstructure of the PdNi films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD). For efficient data acquisition, the output signal was converted from resistance to voltage. Hydrogen (H2) sensing properties of PdNi film hydrogen sensors with Wheatstone bridge structure were investigated under different temperatures (30 °C, 50 °C and 70 °C) and H2 concentrations (from 10 ppm to 0.4%). The hydrogen sensor demonstrated distinct response at different hydrogen concentrations and high repeatability in cycle testing under 0.4% H2 concentration. Towards 10 ppm hydrogen, the PdNi film hydrogen sensor had evident and collectable output voltage of 600 μV.

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30

Kaabi, H., and S. J. Azhari. "AZKA cell, the current-mode alternative of Wheatstone bridge." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 47, no. 9 (2000): 1277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.883322.

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31

Ami, S., M. Hliwa, and C. Joachim. "Balancing a four-branch single-molecule nanoscale Wheatstone bridge." Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2003): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/14/2/335.

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32

Ghallab, Y. H., and W. Badawy. "A new topology for a current-mode wheatstone bridge." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 53, no. 1 (January 2006): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2005.854589.

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33

DiBartolomeo, D., and J. H. Klems. "Simple phase‐sensitive detector for Wheatstone bridge resistance measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 56, no. 5 (May 1985): 755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138164.

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34

Zavornitsyn, R. S., L. I. Naumova, M. A. Milyaev, A. Y. Pavlova, I. K. Maksimova, V. V. Proglyado, and V. V. Ustinov. "Spin valve based sensor elements for full Wheatstone bridge." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1389 (November 2019): 012157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1389/1/012157.

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35

Kibble, Bryan P., and D. J. Legg. "A generalized wheatstone bridge for comparing 1-Ω resistors." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IM-34, no. 2 (June 1985): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.1985.4315325.

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36

Ahn, Jun-Hyung, Chang-Sin Park, and Dong-Weon Lee. "Fabrication of a Wheatstone-Bridge Integrated SU-8 Cantilever." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 49, no. 6 (June 21, 2010): 06GN01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.49.06gn01.

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37

Wu, Guoqiang, Dehui Xu, Bin Xiong, and Yuelin Wang. "Wheatstone bridge piezoresistive sensing for bulk-mode micromechanical resonator." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 19 (November 5, 2012): 193505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4766441.

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38

Tan, X., Y. J. Lv, X. Y. Zhou, Y. G. Wang, X. B. Song, G. D. Gu, P. F. Ji, et al. "AlGaN/GaN pressure sensor with a Wheatstone bridge structure." AIP Advances 8, no. 8 (August 2018): 085202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4996257.

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39

Vasudevan, Arun, Soyoun Jung, Taeksoo Ji, and Simon S. Ang. "Quasi-Symmetric Wheatstone Bridge Zinc Oxide Nanorod UV Detectors." IEEE Sensors Journal 14, no. 9 (September 2014): 3310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2014.2328871.

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40

Feng, Fei, Huihui Zhu, Min Liu, Xudong Wei, Xiaohong Ge, Yuelin Wang, and Xinxin Li. "Uncooled infrared detector based on silicon diode Wheatstone bridge." Microsystem Technologies 23, no. 3 (October 26, 2015): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-015-2692-3.

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41

Beggs, Edwin J., José Félix Costa, and John V. Tucker. "Physical Oracles: The Turing Machine and the Wheatstone Bridge." Studia Logica 95, no. 1-2 (May 16, 2010): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11225-010-9254-6.

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42

Ando, T., and John W. Bunce. "The geometric mean, operator inequalities, and the Wheatstone bridge." Linear Algebra and its Applications 97 (December 1987): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(87)90141-8.

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43

Kiu, Sun-Wah. "The up and down distributions of a Wheatstone bridge." Microelectronics Reliability 34, no. 6 (June 1994): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(94)90074-4.

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44

Al-Badry, Lafy F. "Possibility of designing molecular Wheatstone bridge: Electrostatic and conformational." Solid State Communications 331 (May 2021): 114297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2021.114297.

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45

Nurprasetio, Ignatius Pulung, Bentang Arief Budiman, Ahmad Alfin Afwan, Putri Nur Halimah, Sarah Tania Utami, and Muhammad Aziz. "Nonlinear Piezoresistive Behavior of Plain-Woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Subjected to Tensile Loading." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041366.

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This work aims to investigate piezoresistive behavior in plain-woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Measurement method for electric resistant alteration in the woven CFRP under tensile loading by using a Wheatstone bridge circuit is introduced. Reversibility of the resistant alteration is also investigated whereas the gauge factor of the woven CFRP is evaluated. The result shows that the positive piezoresistive properties of the woven CFRP can be observed by the Wheatstone bridge circuit. The specific resistances of 43.8 μΩm and 10.1 μΩm are obtained for wrap and thickness directions, respectively. Reversibility with a hysteresis of the woven CFRP can also be confirmed with the gauge factor of 22.9 at loading conditions and 17.7 at unloading conditions. Positive piezoresistive behavior which has been revealed in this work can be utilized for structural health monitoring technology development.

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46

DING, WENJING, YANG WANG, GUOJUN LI, JIAJI HANG, YONGCHANG WU, CHENHAO LING, DANYE ZHOU, ZHIBIN CHEN, and LINGFENG GAO. "PIEZORESISTIVE STRAIN SENSOR APPLICATION IN EVALUATION OF MOUSE AORTIC MEDIA CUSHIONS EFFECTIVENESS AND SPONTANEOUS MYOGENIC CONTRACTION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 07 (November 2017): 1740032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519417400322.

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The aortic media realized Windkessel vessel functions and maintain sustained ventricle ejection balance during cardiac circle. Wheatstone bridge circuit piezoresistive strain sensor had desirable sensing properties to investigate aortic cushion features. In this study, Wheatstone bridge sensor was used to evaluate quick stretching-induced aortic efficient cushions and spontaneous myogenic contractions. Mice aortic specimens were loosely hooked and stabilized to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm stainless steel pin and strain sensor, whereas the other side was hooked and shows increasing specimen length. Specimen isometric tension and rhythmic spontaneous myogenic contraction were recorded. Isometric tension and spontaneous myogenic response at initial length ([Formula: see text] and ultimate length ([Formula: see text] were evaluated. Aortic specimen significantly eliminated mechanical rigid oscillations. The recovery to baseline time was significantly shortened at [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms and [Formula: see text] ms at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, but [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms in no-load test). High Ca[Formula: see text] incubation prolonged the recovery time to baseline at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ms, respectively) and suggested Ca[Formula: see text] decreased efficient cushion. Moreover, strain sensor successfully recorded the enhanced rhythmic spontaneous myogenic contractions in isometric specimen. Wheatstone bridge circuit sensor reflected the significance of efficient cushions under mechanical preload, which absolutely captured rhythmic myogenic contractions of mice aortic specimen.

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47

Cahay, M., G. Qian, and R. Kothari. "Current‐voltage characteristics of unbalanced superconducting Wheatstone bridges." Journal of Applied Physics 78, no. 4 (August 15, 1995): 2581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360117.

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48

Florea, Ovidiu G., Adelina Stănoiu, Marin Gheorghe, Cornel Cobianu, Florentina Neaţu, Mihaela M. Trandafir, Ştefan Neaţu, Mihaela Florea, and Cristian E. Simion. "Methane Combustion Using Pd Deposited on CeOx-MnOx/La-Al2O3 Pellistors." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 4888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214888.

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Pd deposited on CeOx-MnOx/La-Al2O3 has been prepared as a sensitive material for methane (CH4) detection. The effect of different amounts (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) of Pd loading has been investigated. The as prepared materials were deposited on Pt microcoils using a drop-coating method, as a way of developing pellistors operated using a Wheatstone bridge configuration. By spanning the operating temperature range between 300 °C and 550 °C, we established the linearity region as well as the maximum sensitivity towards 4900 ppm of CH4. By making use of the sigmoid dependence of the output voltage signal from the Wheatstone bridge, the gas surface reaction and diffusion phenomena have been decoupled. The pellistor with 5% Pd deposited on CeOx-MnOx/La-Al2O3 exhibited the highest selective-sensitivity in the benefit of CH4 detection against threshold limits of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Accordingly, adjusting the percent of Pd makes the preparation strategies of pellistors good candidates towards CH4 detection.

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Nuryadi, Ratno, Lia Aprilia, Nuning Aisah, and Djoko Hartanto. "Gas Sensing Using Static and Dynamic Modes Piezoresistive Microcantilever." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.29.

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Abstract:

A microcantilever has attracted interest in an application of high sensitivity sensor for chemical, physical, or biological objects. In this paper, we investigate a possibility of a piezoresistive microcantilever for gas sensing using a static and a dynamic modes operation. The gas used here is a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The measurement was performed by a Wheatstone bridge circuit in order to measure the microcantilever deflection or resonance frequency shift of the microcantilever vibration. The result shows that in the static mode, an output of Wheatstone bridge circuit, which attributes to the microcantilever deflection, changes due to the gas detection. For the dynamic mode, a voltage of peak-to-peak, which represents the microcantilever vibrations, decreases with increasing the gas flow time. This occurs due to the resonance frequency shift caused by the addition of gas molecules on the microcantilever surface. These results indicate that the developed system can be used as the gas sensor.

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Han, Kwonsang, Hyungseup Kim, Jaesung Kim, Donggeun You, Hyunwoo Heo, Yongsu Kwon, Junghoon Lee, and Hyoungho Ko. "A 24.88 nV/√Hz Wheatstone Bridge Readout Integrated Circuit with Chopper-Stabilized Multipath Operational Amplifier." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010399.

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Abstract:

This paper proposes a low noise readout integrated circuit (IC) with a chopper-stabilized multipath operational amplifier suitable for a Wheatstone bridge sensor. The input voltage of the readout IC changes due to a change in input resistance, and is efficiently amplified using a three-operational amplifier instrumentation amplifier (IA) structure with high input impedance and adjustable gain. Furthermore, a chopper-stabilized multipath structure is applied to the operational amplifier, and a ripple reduction loop (RRL) in the low frequency path (LFP) is employed to attenuate the ripple generated by the chopper stabilization technique. A 12-bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is employed to convert the output voltage of the three-operational amplifier IA into digital code. The Wheatstone bridge readout IC is manufactured using a standard 0.18 µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, drawing 833 µA current from a 1.8 V supply. The input range and the input referred noise are ±20 mV and 24.88 nV/√Hz, respectively.

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