Academic literature on the topic 'Wheel aerodynamics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wheel aerodynamics"
1
Jadhav, Rohit. "Design and Optimization of Wheels for Better Aerodynamics and Cooling of Brakes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (January 31, 2022): 418–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39853.
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Abstract: In the world of automotive, lots of research has been done yet on overall vehicle. Researchers improved every single part of vehicle but wheel is one of the part that hasn’t changed much in automotive history. In case researchers got their desired results, they stopped working on wheel and most of the research has been done on grip of the tire. That’s why there is no innovative research done on wheels. And it is one the biggest part who contribute in vehicles performance and other aspects like comfort and ride quality. Most of the manufacturers never consider and work on aerodynamic part of wheel. So, Different aerodynamics concept vehicles have been studied in the report. The flow around wheels are manage and smoothen in proposed design also it is designed in such a way that air flowing around wheel can easily take inside through Rim design and throw on brake pads as well as on wheel hub for consistently cooling them. They key for success is to manage the flow and keep the wheel functional and attractive. In this paper new wheel is designed and compared with convectional wheel designs. Keywords: Wheel Aerodynamics, Design and Optimization of Wheel, Cooling of Brakes, 3D Wheel design, Aerodynamics of Wheel.
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Rasidi Rasani, Mohammad, Azhari Shamsudeen, Zambri Harun, and Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood. "A Computational Aerodynamic Study of Tandem Rotating Wheels in Contact with the Ground." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.17 (August 1, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.17.16637.
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Wheels have significant impact on noise and drag of road vehicles, which may influence their fuel consumption, emission and comfort. A number of studies have analyzed flow and aerodynamics of isolated wheel in contact with the ground, but limited attention has been given to interaction between wheels. The present study aims to compare the aerodynamics and flow structure between single and tandem wheels. To that end, flow around single and tandem wheels are simulated using a turbulence Scaled Adaptive Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (URANS) model. Wheel geometry was based on the actual wheel used in the experiments of Fackrell and Harvey. Flow around single and tandem wheels were examined and compared, along with their respective drag and lift coefficients. Results for single wheel in contact with the ground show good agreement with previous experiments. In the tandem wheel case, the rear wheel exhibits lower drag coefficient (CD = 0.37) and more downforce (lift coefficient CL = -0.14) compared to the front wheel. The present investigation may help to illustrate impact of wheel interaction on their aerodynamics.
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Soliman, M. Z. "A Numerical Study on the Influences of Non-Pneumatic Tyre Shape on the Wheel Aerodynamics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40300.
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Abstract: In the present work, the aerodynamic characteristics of two different tyre shapes, Slick Tyre (ST) and Non-Pneumatic Tyre (NPT), fitted to a rotating wheel, has been investigated using a CFD approach. The ST wheel has been primarily utilized to examine the adopted numerical model's validity. The ST wheel pressure coefficient (Cp) profile at its central plane (XY) has directly compared with the robust experimental data experienced from the literature. Further assessments on the computationally obtained outcomes such as drag coefficient, separation and stagnation angular locations are performed. Both wheel cases are compared concerning their aerodynamic coefficients and the flow characteristics around the wheel. Besides, for the NPT wheel case, a shape-optimization study changes the wheel side profile's spokes angle (α) is conducted. The dynamic action of wheel rotation is modelled using the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) technique, and the RNG k- ࢿ is utilized as the adopted turbulence model for Averaged Reynolds Navier Stokes equations (RANS). All cases run at 30 m/s upstream velocity to be within the fully developed flow regime (supercritical regime). That is equivalent to 6.8 ×105 Reynolds number based on the wheel diameter as the characteristic length. In general, the overall obtained results give a satisfactory agreement to those measured experimentally. In conclusion, The NPT wheel, compared to the ST wheel, has a dramatic increase in drag force by approximately 31%, while a slightly raised lift force is obtained. The minimized spoke angle came with a beneficial drag reduction, while the applied resistive moment remained relatively high. Keywords: automotive aerodynamics; wheel aerodynamics, tyre CFD; rotating wheel dynamics; MRF wheel simulation; airless tyre aerodynamics, non-pneumatic tyre aerodynamics.
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Yi, Heng, Yi Zeng, Liming Wan, Shunqiao Huang, Richard Sun, Tao Huang, Yuanzhi Hu, and Fayue Ma. "Experimental and numerical investigation on wheel regional aerodynamics in an electric vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2820, no. 1 (August 1, 2024): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2820/1/012109.
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Abstract The aerodynamic development of electric vehicles (EVs) has drawn more and more attention recently due to its direct relationship with EVs’ power consumption and driving range. The wheel regional aerodynamics are complex and important, rendering them a hot research topic. In this work, wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations are performed to investigate the regional aerodynamics of wheels in an electric SUV, taking into account the interference effects between the tires, automatic grille shutter (AGS), and front wheel deflectors. Since the vehicle’s aerodynamic drag coefficient is the focus of this research, three parameters with major effects on the drag coefficient, including tire width, AGS status (open/closed) and height of front wheel deflectors, are chosen for a parametric study in a wind tunnel. The wind tunnel results show that the experimental drag coefficient increases linearly with the increase in tire width. Linear regressions show that the sensitivity coefficients, affected by the status of the AGS and height of the front wheel deflectors, range from 5.0 to 7.6 counts for a 10 mm increase in tire width. The drag coefficient is reduced by reducing the height of the front wheel deflectors from 50 to 30 mm in all cases investigated, and the reductions range from 0.8 to 7.6 counts. Reductions of the drag coefficient by closing the AGS range from 13.2 to 19.1 counts and a cooperative drag reduction effect is observed between closing the AGS and reducing the height of the front wheel deflectors. CFD simulations are performed to visualize the flow patterns, and the flow field information extracted is used to explain some of the experimental phenomena. This work proves that both wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations are useful tools for investigating wheel regional aerodynamics in electric vehicles.
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Sadat, Mostofa, Nayef Albab, Faria Chowdhury, and Mohammad Muhshin Aziz Khan. "Numerical Simulation Approach to Investigate the Effects of External Modifications in Reducing Aerodynamic Drag on Passenger Vehicles." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 9563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.19.0738.
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This study used a numerical simulation approach to examine the effects of external modifications in reducing aerodynamic drag on passenger vehicles. During the simulation, modifications included reducing mirror size by replacing the side mirrors with cameras and covering the wheel area. The resulting changes in drag force for different combinations of modifications were compared with a conventional baseline model to determine the most aerodynamic configuration. The study found that side view cameras reduced drag forces by almost 2.6% due to their smaller frontal areas and improvement in the overall aerodynamics of the vehicle. Besides, an increase in wheel coverage decreased the drag causing up to 2.7% of drag force reduction for a wheel with an 87% coverage area. This is because of the reduction in wake formation caused by the wheel rims. Finally, using a combination of smaller cameras and wheels with larger coverage areas resulted in a maximum drag reduction of about 4.3%.
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Zhang, Zhe, Qiang Wang, Shida Song, Chengchun Zhang, Luquan Ren, and Yingchao Zhang. "Joint Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Handling Stability of Racing Car under Different Body Attitudes." Energies 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010393.
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With the rapid development of FSAE, the speed of racing cars has increased year by year. As the main research content of racing cars, aerodynamics has received extensive attention from foreign teams. For racing cars, the aerodynamic force on the aerodynamic device ultimately acts on the tires through the transmission of the body and the suspension. When the wheel is subjected to the vertical load generated by the aerodynamic device, the ultimate adhesion capacity of the wheel is improved. Under changing conditions, racing wheels can withstand greater lateral and tangential forces. Therefore, the effects of aerodynamics have a more significant impact on handling stability. The FSAE racing car of Jilin University was taken as the research object, and this paper combines the wind tunnel test, the numerical simulation and the dynamics simulation of the racing system. The closed-loop design process of the aerodynamics of the FSAE racing car was established, and the joint study of aerodynamic characteristics and handling stability of racing car under different body attitudes was realized. Meanwhile, the FSAE car was made the modification of aerodynamic parameter on the basis of handling stability. The results show that, after the modification of the aerodynamic parameters, the critical speed of the car when cornering is increased, the maneuverability of the car is improved, the horoscope test time is reduced by 0.525 s, the downforce of the car is increased by 11.39%, the drag is reduced by 2.85% and the lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 14.70%. Moreover, the pitching moment is reduced by 82.34%, and the aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic efficiency of the racing car are obviously improved. On the basis of not changing the shape of the body and the aerodynamic kit, the car is put forward to shorten the running time of the car and improve the comprehensive performance of the car, so as to improve the performance of the car in the race.
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Soliman, M. Z., A. R. El-Baz, M. A. Abdel-Aziz, N. Abdel-Aziz, and O. S. Gabor. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Tread Pattern on Rotating Wheel Aerodynamics." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 8234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.4.2020.01.0621.
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The present work investigates the dynamic effect of wheel rotation on the aerodynamic characteristics of slick type (ST) wheel of Formula One racing cars using a computational approach. The ST wheel model was compared to experimental results as a validation case. The pressure coefficient over the ST wheel circumference at its middle plane (xy) has been considered as an experimental case from literature and the computed results showed a reasonable agreement. Furthermore, a quantitative evaluation of the numerically-determined wheel drag, local separation and stagnation angles has been also compared to those extracted experimentally from literature. The validation work served by assessing the suitability of using Moving Reference Frame (MRF) method to simulate the effect of wheel rotation, as well as defining the most reliable conditions of testing such as the optimal meshing criteria, the computational domain size, and the adopted turbulence model. According to wheel studies, all computational work was performed at a Reynolds number of 6.8×105 based on the wheel diameter. The wheels aerodynamic drag, lift, and moment coefficients were computed for each wheel model. Further parametric study on the tread design of the tread type (TT) wheel was performed by varying the tread depth, h. Besides, general schematic pictures of the flow behavior around the TT wheel are presented.
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Semeraro, Francesco Fabio, and Paolo Schito. "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Tire Deformation and Vehicle Ride Height on the Aerodynamics of Passenger Cars." Fluids 7, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7020047.
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Wheels and wheel houses contribute up to 25% of the total aerodynamic drag of passenger cars and interact in a complex way with their surroundings. Rims and tires induce complex flow separation mechanisms in a highly unsteady regime and the proximity to the ground enhances these phenomena. To have a clearer understanding of the flow mechanisms that develop around wheels and inside wheel houses, the effect of tire deformation and vehicle ride height on the aerodynamics of passenger cars has been investigated with unsteady CFD simulations. Tire deformation is modelled with an empirical formulation that provides close-to-real deformed shapes, while vehicle ride height changes are made by applying vertical translations the vehicle body. Slick tire geometries and closed rims have been analysed and their rotation has been modelled with a tangential velocity component applied to their surface. The investigation has been conducted in three steps: different car heights and tire deformation levels have been investigated separately and then combined, classifying the results on the basis of the drag of the vehicle. Results show that even small tire deformation levels can significantly affect the aerodynamic drag, thus deformation should be included in simulations and treated with caution.
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Kellar, Pearse, and Savill. "Formula 1 car wheel aerodynamics." Sports Engineering 2, no. 4 (November 1999): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2687.1999.00030.x.
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Gusev, Vladimir. "Aerodynamic streams at cylindrical internal grinding by the textured wheels." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800018.
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During internal grinding a large amount of heat is formed. A heat has a negative impact on all processing indicators. The speed of heat removal from the processed workpiece is defined not only by structure of grinding wheel and by giving method of lubricant cooling liquid (LCL), but also by the aerodynamic streams, which are formed by a tool rotation. Aerodynamics of traditional grinding wheels is studied in detail, but for textured wheels to aerodynamic streams did not pay of due attention. The multiple-factor experiment is executed and models of movement speed of the aerodynamic streams are determined. It is established, that the greatest influence on the movement speed of the air flows has an axial distance of a measurement point from an end face of abrasive segments and a radial distance of this point from the cutting surface. Static pressure of air in an internal wheel’s cavity is equal 47 Pas, and outside of the wheel in close proximity to the cutting surface – 212 Pas. Taking into account the received experimental data of the movement speeds of aerodynamic streams and different data of air pressure in the specified areas, possible methods of giving of LCL in a cutting zone are analysed. It is established, that the most effective is the centrifugal method of giving of LCL to an internal cavity of the textured tool.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wheel aerodynamics"
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Moore, Jaclyn Kate. "Aerodynamics of High Performance Bicycle Wheels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1800.
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This thesis presents the work undertaken to assess potential improvements in high performance bicycles. There are several wheel options available for elite riders to use in competition and this research has investigated the aerodynamic properties of different wheel type. The research has also developed CFD and FEA models of carbon fibre bicycle wheels to assist in the wheel improvements process.
An accurate and repeatable experimental test rig was developed to measure the aerodynamic properties of bicycle wheels in the wind tunnel, namely translational drag, rotational drag and side force. Both disk wheels and spoked wheels were tested.
It was found that disk wheels of different hub widths have different aerodynamic properties with the 53mm wide Zen disk wheel requiring the lowest total power of the wheels tested. There was little difference between the translational power requirements of the wheels but there was greater variation in the rotational power requirements.
Compression spoked wheels of 3 and 5 spokes were found to require less power than wire spoked wheels. There was little difference between the total power requirements of the compression spoked wheels tested, with the differences at 50km/hr being less than the experimental uncertainty.
The Zipp 808 wheel demonstrated considerably lower axial force than all other wheels at 10° yaw angle, confirming Zipp design intention to have optimum wheel performance between 0-20°. The Zen 3-spoke wheel showed the lowest axial drag and side force at yaw of the compression spoked wheels tested and had similar side force results to the Zipp 808.
CFD models of the disk and 3-spoke wheel achieved good agreement with the experimental results in terms of translational drag. Rotational drag did not agree so well, most likely due to the turbulence model being designed for higher Reynolds number flows.
A FE model of the disk wheel was validated with experimental testing. In order to simplify modelling, the FE model of the 3-spoke wheel did not include the hub, which led to a large discrepancy with experimental results for the particular loading scenario.
The experimental rig and CFD models were used to develop aerodynamic improvements to the wheel and the FE models were used to identify the implication of geometric changes to the wheel structural integrity. These improvements are not reported in this thesis due to the results being commercially sensitive.
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Sprot, Adam Joseph. "Open-wheel aerodynamics : effects of tyre deformation and internal flow." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7292/.
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Competitive performance of an F1 race car relies upon a well designed and highly developed aerodynamic system. In order to achieve this, total understanding of the downstream wake of exposed rotating wheels is essential. Components such as bargeboards and indeed much of the front wing are developed to provide pressure gradients and vortex structures to influence the wheel wake, ensuring high energy mass-flow to the sensitive leading edge of the underfloor and eventually the rear wing. Wind tunnel testing of model-scale deformable tyres has become a common occurrence in F1 in recent years although there is a significant lack of available literature, academic or otherwise, as to their use. This work has studied in detail the aerodynamic consequences which occur from the varying sidewall bulge and contact patch region making use of several techniques. These include scanning rotating tyre profiles under load, static contact patch size measurements, five-hole pressure probe wake measurements, particle image velocimetry (PIV) and load-cell drag measurements. CFD simulations utilising two industrial codes have also been performed to support the experimental work. Coordinates representing tyre profiles under a range of on-track conditions are available for other researchers to use as a basis for CFD studies. The work presented here includes a full range of representative on-track axle heights which far exceed the more conservative range usually tested in an industrial setting for longevity reasons. The most sensitive parameters for aerodynamic testing of wheels have been identified. For development of a full car, in decreasing order of priority, the following must be correctly matched to the realistic scenario: axle height, yaw condition (without glycerol - often used to reduce friction at the expense of a compromised tyre profile), camber angle, detailed internals, high inflation pressure, through-hub flow rate and least significantly the rotation of the internal brake rotor. The study of through-hub flows revealed that the external aerodynamic effect of the brake scoop inlet varies significantly with the amount of internal restriction. The pumping effect of the brake rotor was measured to be negligible compared to the restrictive effect of its internal passages and that leads to an effect known as inlet spillage with a negative cooling drag trend, whereby the drag of the wheel assembly decreases with increased through-hub flow.
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Diasinos, Sammy Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The aerodynamic interaction of a rotating wheel and a downforce producing wing in ground effect." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44516.
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The performance of current open wheeler race cars depends heavily on the effectiveness of the aerodynamic package of which the front wing and wheels make a significant contribution. Previous investigations have focused on the aerodynamic characteristics of each of these bodies in isolation. Investigations that have considered both working in unison have conflictingly reported that the wheel presence aids or hinders the wing???s performance while the wheel???s aerodynamic performance has been neglected. In order to obtain a more thorough understanding of the interaction of a wing and wheel, experimental results were used to validate a computational model used to investigate a wing and wheel in isolation and in combination. The combined wing and wheel investigation demonstrated that three main interactions can occur, depending on the selection of wing span, angle of attack and height used, while the wheel width and track were found to have little influence. The three interacting states differ in the path that the main and secondary wing vortices take around the wheel and the subsequent variation in the combined wake structure. In general, the wing in the presence of the wheel reduced the wing???s ability to generate downforce by up to 45% due to the high pressure regions generated forward of the wheel. This was also found to alleviate the adverse pressure gradients experienced by the wing, and also reduce the drag by up to 70%. For this reason, the downforce loss phenomenon was observed to occur at a height 0.08c to 0.32c lower in comparison to the same wing in isolation, dependant on the wing span. Wheel lift and drag values were also observed to reduce in the presence of a wing by up to 65% and 38% respectively due to the influence of the wing???s flow structures have on the wake of the wheel. As a result,it was shown that the combined wing and wheel downforce and drag optima differed by up to 75% and 25% respectively to those which would be estimated if the two bodies were investigated individually and the results summed highlighting the importance of investigating these two bodies in unison.
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Knowles, Robin David. "Monoposto racecar wheel aerodynamics : investigation of near-wake structure & support-sting interference." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/2058.
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Monoposto racecar development is routinely carried out using wheels supported not by the car suspension but by individual, externally-mounted stings. The interference effect of these stings was acknowledged but unquantified in the existing literature. Appraisal of the literature has found that the structure of a wheel wake was not understood, rendering it difficult to assess the support sting interference. These two issues were thus jointly addressed using experimental and computational methods. The two phases of this project each tested a different industrially-representative racecar wheel model. Phase One investigated a single wheel and sting combination, whilst Phase Two extended the work to include two further stings and a model racecar. Non-intrusive velocity measurements were made in the near wakes of the various combinations to extract vertical planes, perpendicular to the tunnel freestream. The measurements made behind the isolated wheels were used to investigate the main flow features of the wake. The flow surrounding an unsupported wheel was established computationally and used to evaluate the interference effects of the support sting. Different wheel support methods (three stings and the car suspension) were used to provide further insight into the sting interference effects and also the impact of sting design on those effects. Testing with and without the model racecar allowed evaluation of its effect on the wheel wake and sting interference. The main characteristics of the near-wake of an isolated wheel rotating in ground contact are proposed from analysis of the data generated in this study. A simplified model of the trailingvortex system induced in the wake of such a wheel is proposed to clarify contradictory literature. The specific interference effects of a wheel support sting are proposed with reference to the main characteristics of the wake. The mechanisms behind these effects are, where possible, identified and presented. The main impact of the support sting, and thus the root of several of the observed effects, is the modification of the axial flow through the wheel. The main effects of the presence of the car on the near-wake are proposed alongside the observation that the wake structure is not fundamentally different to that of an isolated wheel. The proposed sting interference effects are also observed in the presence of the car, albeit at a reduced level.
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Heyder-Bruckner, Jacques. "The aerodynamics of an inverted wing and a rotating wheel in ground effect." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/207263/.
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This study investigates the aerodynamics of nil inverted wing in ground effect, a race car wheel and the interaction between the two components, using numerical and experimental methods. The wheels were located behind the wing at flU overlap and gap of 20mm, and the wing ride height. iu the vertical direction was the primary variable. Models of 50% scale were used , giving a Reynolds number of 5.8 x 105 based on the wing chord . The Detached-Eddy Simulation model was validated against wind tunnel measurements including PIV, surface pressures and forces , where it was found to outperform a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes approach which used the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. It accurately predicted the wing vortex breakdown at low ride heights, which is of the bubble type with a spiralling tail, and the wake of the wheel. A mesh sensitivity study revealed that a finer mesh increased the amount of structures captured with the DES model, improving its accuracy.
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Knowles, R. D. "Monoposto racecar wheel aerodynamics: investigation of near-wake structure and support-sting interference." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/2058.
Full textAbstract:
Monoposto racecar development is routinely carried out using wheels supported not by the car
suspension but by individual, externally-mounted stings. The interference effect of these stings
was acknowledged but unquantified in the existing literature. Appraisal of the literature has
found that the structure of a wheel wake was not understood, rendering it difficult to assess the
support sting interference. These two issues were thus jointly addressed using experimental and
computational methods.
The two phases of this project each tested a different industrially-representative racecar wheel
model. Phase One investigated a single wheel and sting combination, whilst Phase Two extended
the work to include two further stings and a model racecar. Non-intrusive velocity measurements
were made in the near wakes of the various combinations to extract vertical planes, perpendicular
to the tunnel freestream.
The measurements made behind the isolated wheels were used to investigate the main flow
features of the wake. The flow surrounding an unsupported wheel was established computationally
and used to evaluate the interference effects of the support sting. Different wheel support
methods (three stings and the car suspension) were used to provide further insight into the sting
interference effects and also the impact of sting design on those effects. Testing with and without
the model racecar allowed evaluation of its effect on the wheel wake and sting interference.
The main characteristics of the near-wake of an isolated wheel rotating in ground contact are
proposed from analysis of the data generated in this study. A simplified model of the trailingvortex
system induced in the wake of such a wheel is proposed to clarify contradictory literature.
The specific interference effects of a wheel support sting are proposed with reference to the main
characteristics of the wake. The mechanisms behind these effects are, where possible, identified
and presented. The main impact of the support sting, and thus the root of several of the observed
effects, is the modification of the axial flow through the wheel.
The main effects of the presence of the car on the near-wake are proposed alongside the observation
that the wake structure is not fundamentally different to that of an isolated wheel. The
proposed sting interference effects are also observed in the presence of the car, albeit at a reduced
level.
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Morgan, Claire Elizabeth. "Unsteady vortex interactions related to a Formula One car front wing and wheel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608608.
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Škrášek, Roman. "Analýza vlivu rotace kola na aerodynamické vlastnosti vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241842.
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This diploma thesis deals with modeling and CFD calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle, influenced by loaded or unloaded tires and boundary conditions applied on this tires. These calculations are combined with three types of variable rear body shape of DrivAer vehicle. There is a complete analysis and evaluation of the effects of these factors.
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Fiore, Maxime. "Influence of cavity flow on turbine aerodynamics." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0013/document.
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Afin de faire face aux fortes températures rencontrées par les composantsen aval de la chambre de combustion, des prélèvements d’air plus frais sont réalisésau niveau du compresseur. Cet air alimente les cavités en pied de turbine et refroidiles disques rotor permettant d’assurer le bon fonctionnement de la turbine.Ce manuscrit présente une étude numérique de l’effet de ces écoulements de cavitéau pied de la turbine sur ses performances aérodynamiques. Les phénomènesd’interaction entre l’air de cavité en pied de turbine et l’air de veine principal est unphénomène encore difficilement compris. L’étude de ces phénomènes est réalisée autravers de différentes approches numériques (RANS, LES et LES-LBM) appliquéesà deux configurations pour lesquelles des résultats expérimentaux s ont disponibles.Une première configuration en grille d’aube linéaire en amont de laquelle différentesgéométries d’entrefer (interface entre plateforme rotor et stator) et débits de cavitépouvaient être variés. Une seconde configuration annulaire composée de deux étagesde turbine comprenant les cavités en pied et plus proche d’une configuration industrielle.Les pertes additionnelles associées à l’écoulement de cavité sont mesurées etétudiées à l’aide d’une méthode basée sur l’exergie (bilans d’énergie dans l’objectifde générer du travail)In order to deal with high temperatures faced by the components downstreamof the combustion chamber, some relatively cold air is bled at the compressor.This air feeds the cavities under the turbine main annulus and cool down the rotordisks ensuring a proper and safe operation of the turbine. This thesis manuscriptintroduces a numerical study of the effect of the cavity flow close to the turbine hubon its aerodynamic performance. The interaction phenomena between the cav-ity andmain annulus flow are not currently fully understood. The study of these phenomenais performed based on different numerical approaches (RANS, LES and LES-LBM)applied to two configurations for which experimental results are avail-able. A linearcascade configuration with an upstream cavity and various rim seal geometries(interface between rotor and stator platform) and cavity flow rate avail-able. Arotating configuration that is a two stage turbine including cavities close to realisticindustrial configurations. Additional losses incurred by the cavity flow are measuredand studied using a method based on exergy (energy balance in the purpose togenerate work)
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Chekrouba, Khaled. "Numerical study of particle resuspension induced by a vehicle's rotating wheel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPAST042.
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Les émissions de particules hors-échappement, en particulier celles provenant des routes, sont devenues un important contributeur à la pollution de l'air liée au trafic. Ces particules pourraient contribuer à plus de la moitié de la concentration totale dans l'air. Les présents travaux de recherche développent et valident une méthodologie numérique pour analyser la remise en suspension de particules induite par une roue en rotation. Ils se concentrent sur l'identification des zones d'émission ainsi eu sur la compréhension du rôle de l'écoulement de l'air dans le détachement et le transport des particules dans le sillage.L'étude commence par des simulations d'écoulements diphasiques dans des régimes d'écoulement sous-critiques et critiques autour de cylindres statiques et rotatifs. Cette configuration constitue un cas fondamental bien établi, étroitement lié aux écoulements induits par les roues, pour l'étude de la transition de la couche limite, de la séparation, de la topologie des sillages et le transport de particules entraînées par les structures tourbillonnaires. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'influence cruciale du choix du modèle de turbulence dans la capture des transitions laminaires-turbulentes et dans l'amélioration des prédictions de l'écoulement du sillage. La rotation du cylindre affecte de manière significative la topologie du sillage et la dispersion des particules, avec des variations en fonction du régime d'écoulement et de la taille des particules.En s'appuyant sur les résultats de l'étude de l'écoulement autour d'un cylindre, des simulations ont été réalisées pour une roue isolée en rotation sur un sol en mouvement. Les simulations ont permis de capturer les principaux phénomènes d'écoulement, notamment la séparation de la couche limite, le pompage visqueux et les tourbillons de sillage cohérents tels que les structures de jetting, de formes en fer à cheval ou d'arche. Pour la phase particulaire, un modèle de détachement des particules a été introduit afin de simuler le processus de détachement, tandis que le suivi lagrangien des particules a été utilisé pour représenter le transport des particules en interaction avec l'écoulement. Les résultats ont permis d'identifier les zones d'émission prédominantes pour différentes tailles de particules, de quantifier les taux d'émission des particules et de caractériser les trajectoires de dispersion des particules dans le sillage proche et lointain de la roue.Enfin, l'étude a examiné les effets de la vitesse (nombre de Reynolds), du rapport d'aspect de la roue et de la charge surfacique sur la remise en suspension des particules. Des vitesses plus élevées ont impliqué des structures instationnaires du sillage plus intenses, accroissant les émissions et prolongeant le transport des particules en aval de la roue. Les roues plus larges augmentent les zones de détachement et les interactions tourbillonnaires, amplifiant considérablement les émissions. Des charges surfaciques plus élevées ont augmenté la masse des particules remises en suspension tout en modifiant les zones de dépôt au sol. Les résultats de cette étude ont permis de mieux comprendre les interactions entre les particules et les tourbillons, en démontrant la contribution des structures tourbillonnaires au transport des particules dans le sillage proche et lointain de la roue, ainsi qu'au dépôt des particules au sol.Ce travail fournit une bonne compréhension des émissions de particules remise en suspension induites par le passage d'une roue, offrant une approche de simulation validée pour analyser la contribution de la remise en suspension des particules à la pollution de l'air dans divers scénarios urbainsNon-exhaust particulate emissions, particularly from road dust, have emerged as a significant contributor to traffic-related air pollution. These particles could contribute to half of the particulate concentration found in the air. The present research develops and validates a numerical methodology to analyze particle resuspension induced by a rotating wheel. It focuses on identifying emission zones and understanding the role of airflow in particle detachment and transport within the wake flows.The study begins with simulations of particle-laden flows in subcritical and critical flow regimes around static and rotating cylinders. This configuration is a well-established fundamental case closely relevant to wheel-induced flows for investigating boundary-layer transition, flow separation, flow topology, and vortex-driven particle transport. Results highlight the critical influence of turbulence model choice in capturing laminar-to-turbulent transitions and improving wake flow predictions. Cylinder rotation significantly affects wake topology and particle dispersion, with variations depending on flow regime and particle size.Building on insights from the cylinder study, simulations were conducted for an isolated rotating wheel on a moving ground. The simulations captured key flow phenomena, including boundary-layer separation,” viscous pumping'', and coherent wake vortices such as jetting, horseshoe, and arch-shaped structures. For the particle phase, a particle detachment model was introduced to simulate the detachment process, while Lagrangian particle tracking was employed to simulate particle transport within the domain. The results allowed us to identify dominant emission zones for various particle sizes, quantify particle release rates, and characterize particles' dispersion patterns in the wheel's near and far wake.Finally, the investigation has further explored the effects of velocity (Reynolds number), wheel aspect ratio, and ground dust load on particle resuspension. Higher speeds intensified unsteady wake structures, enhancing emissions and extending particle transport downstream the wheel. Wider wheels increased detachment areas and vortex interactions, significantly amplifying emissions. Higher dust loads increased the resuspended particle mass while altering ground deposition patterns. The results of this investigation enhanced the understanding of particle-vortex interactions, demonstrating the contribution of vortical structures to particle transport in the wheel's near and far wake, as well as to particle deposition on the ground.This work provides a comprehensive understanding of wheel-induced particle resuspension emissions, offering a validated simulation approach for analyzing particle resuspension contribution to air pollution across diverse urban scenarios
Books on the topic "Wheel aerodynamics"
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Schwingungen von Windenergieanlagen 2016. VDI Verlag, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181022818.
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Entstehung, Übertragung und Reduzierung von Schall an Windkraftanlagen Kurzfassung Bei der Stromerzeugung in Windkraftanlagen können Geräusche entstehen, die vor allem durch die Aerodynamik der Blätter, den Eingriff der Zähne im Getriebe und die Interaktion der Generatorpole verursacht werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen grundlegenden Überblick über Strukturschwingungen, die – je nach Eigenschwingverhalten der Anlagen – an die Außenflächen geleitet und dort in die Umgebung abgestrahlt werden. Elastomerlager, Kupplungen im Triebstrang, passive, adaptive und aktive Tilger werden als mögliche Gegenmaßnahmen vorgestellt. Abstract While producing electricity wind turbines emit noise that is mainly generated by the aerodynamics of blades, by the meshing of gear-wheels in gearboxes and by interaction of poles in generators. The focus of this text is on the structure born sound coming from the gearbox and the generator. Depending on the eigenmodes of the wind tur...
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Leister, Günter. Passenger Car Tires and Wheels: Development - Manufacturing - Application. Springer, 2019.
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Leister, Günter. Passenger Car Tires and Wheels: Development - Manufacturing - Application. Springer, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Wheel aerodynamics"
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Söderblom, David, Per Elofsson, Linus Hjelm, and Lennart Löfdahl. "Wheel Housing Aerodynamics on Heavy Trucks." In The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III, 211–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20122-1_13.
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Wittmeier, Felix, and Timo Kuthada. "The influence of wheel and tire aerodynamics in WLTP." In 6th International Munich Chassis Symposium 2015, 149–60. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09711-0_13.
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Möllenbeck, Dennis, Axel Fischer, and Hardy Schmidt. "Impact of Wheel Drive Unit Secondary Flows on the Aerodynamics of Passenger Cars." In Proceedings, 45–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45018-2_3.
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Divakaran, A. M., E. Abo-Serie, E. I. Gkanas, J. Jewkes, and S. Shepherd. "CFD Based Aerodynamics Conjugate Heat Transfer and Airgap Fluid Flow Thermal Analysis to a Wheel Hub Motor for Electric Scooters." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 21–29. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_3.
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AbstractThe geometry of commercially available wheel hub motors inherently restricts packaging space and may prevent the introduction of more sophisticated, efficient, and expensive cooling systems. Due to the limited available space in the wheels, commercial hub motors often rely on aerodynamic passive cooling. The small air-gap (0.5–1 mm) between the coils and the magnets results in heat transfer to the magnets and consequently increases their temperature. As a result, the perfeormance of the permanent magnets (PMs) will be limited and also will heavily affect their lifetime; thus, advanced cooling strategies must be introduced. In the current study, a three-dimensional (3D) thermal model was developed for a commercially available 500 W scooter hub motor under a constant heat load of 180 W using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) (= 64%).The spatial distribution of the temperature for the motor parts are evaluated considering both the internal and external fluid flow dynamics. Further, analysis of airflow in the the gap is performed and the results from the CFD is compared with the published correlations. The flow in such small motor was found to be laminar with Taylor number below 40. Results also showed that enhancement of the cooling is necessary to avoid damage of the winding vernish and to reduce the magnets temperature particularly when the motor works at high torque with low efficiency.
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Sultan, Mohammad Asif, and Subhransu Roy. "Aerodynamics of a Simplified High-Speed Train—Effect of Moving Ground and Wheel Rotation." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 171–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6783-0_14.
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Zhai, Huihui, and Haichao Zhou. "Numerical Study of the Influence of Rim Design on the Aerodynamics of an Isolated Wheel." In Computational and Experimental Simulations in Engineering, 1373–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44947-5_103.
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Shao-hua, Li, and Yue Wei-peng. "Numerical Research of Aerodynamic Performance of Rotating Wind Wheel." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 437–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25194-8_53.
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Pavia, Giancarlo, and Martin Passmore. "Characterisation of Wake Bi-stability for a Square-Back Geometry with Rotating Wheels." In Progress in Vehicle Aerodynamics and Thermal Management, 93–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67822-1_6.
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Sugiono, Sugiono, Bayu Rahayudi, Astuteryanti Tri Lustyana, Salim Subarkah, and Lucia Wulandari. "Aerodynamic Impact Analysis of “Noise Housing” Installation for Railway Wheels." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Railway and Transportation 2023 (ICORT 2023), 213–23. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-384-9_19.
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Ilea, Laurentiu, Daniel Iozsa, Cornelia Stan, and Claudiu Teodorescu. "CFD Study on Wheel Aerodynamic Performance in Side Wind Conditions for a Hatchback Vehicle." In The 30th SIAR International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering, 124–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32564-0_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Wheel aerodynamics"
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Gordon, James. "A perturbation analysis of nonlinear wheel shimmy." In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1472.
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Oh, Hyun-Ung, and Kenji Minesugi. "Semiactive ER isolator for momentum-wheel vibration isolation." In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1313.
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Fabijanic, John, and Albert George. "An experimental investigation of the aerodynamics of automobile wheel wells." In 14th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2475.
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Hassan, Rania, Maher Younan, Hani Arafa, and Yehia Bahei-El-Din. "Parametric analysis of fiber-reinforced laminated momentum wheel rotors." In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1596.
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Haag, Lukas, Marco Kiewat, Thomas Indinger, and Thomas Blacha. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Rotating Wheel Aerodynamics on the DrivAer Model With Engine Bay Flow." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69305.
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Wheel design and wheel rotation have been identified to be key factors influencing the overall aerodynamic performance of passenger cars. Hence, wheel aerodynamics has been the topic of various studies over the past few years. Recently, vehicle manufacturers have moved towards time-resolving CFD simulation methods. Therefore, a trend towards resembling the physical effect of wheel rotation by utilizing the Sliding Mesh Method can be observed in academia and the industry. The first part of the presented paper shows the results of CFD simulations using the Sliding Mesh Method on two generic test cases employing the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation turbulence model. A rotating cylinder is investigated as well as a rotating wheel geometry, both in ground contact and lifted from the ground. The results show dependencies on the solution algorithm and the background turbulence model applied within the RANS region of the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation model. The prediction accuracy of the CFD setup is assessed by comparing the results to experimental results on the rotating wheel geometry with ground contact obtained in a model scale wind tunnel. The second part of the paper focuses on the influence of the rim design on the aerodynamics of a full vehicle. Four rim geometries are investigated regarding their aerodynamic influence on the DrivAer reference body by CFD simulations using the Sliding Mesh Method. The DrivAer has recently been updated to include an engine bay geometry. This new version of the DrivAer is used for the presented study because the engine bay flow is expected to have a considerable influence especially on the flow around the front wheels. The simulation results are compared to experimental results obtained on a 1:2.5 scale model of the DrivAer with engine bay flow and are in good agreement.
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Oza, Utsav, Zhiwei Hu, and Xin Zhang. "DDES Simulation of a Complex Main Landing Gear with Six-Wheel Bogie." In 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3269.
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Miao, Lu, Steffen Mack, and Thomas Indinger. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Automotive Aerodynamics Using DrivAer Model." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47805.
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The use of experimental and numerical investigation to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of road vehicles is a standard practice in automotive design and development. Fundamental research has been often conducted on generic models with limited applicability to realistic cars. The DrivAer model developed in TU München possesses more representative car features. To encourage the use of the DrivAer model in independent research work, the experimental results and some numerical results were published. In this paper, a new developed wind tunnel setup of the DrivAer model was introduced. A new suspension system was designed in such a way that drag and lift force could be measured whilst the wheels are rolling on the moving ground without wheel struts (In this paper we call it wheels-on setup). The more close-truth experimental results of different rear end configurations were obtained. The lift force of the total model was firstly obtained. Additionally, the influences of the wheel struts and top sting were studied. Numerical investigation for performing finite-volume-based Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) for the prediction of aerodynamic forces of passenger vehicles developed was presented, using the open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM®. Validation of the predictions was done on the basis of detailed comparisons to experimental wind tunnel data, both of the basic body (wheelhouse covered and without wheels) and the new wheels-on model. Results of drag coefficient were found to compare favourably to the experiments.
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Landstro¨m, Christoffer, and Lennart Lo¨fdahl. "Investigation of Aerodynamic Wheel Designs on a Passenger Car at Different Cooling Air Flow Conditions." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-23028.
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Passenger cars represent the largest part of all means of personal transportation today. Thus, it is important to work towards reduced energy consumption of cars if a sustainable mobility is to be achieved. This involves many aspects of vehicle engineering; one of them being aerodynamics. This study focuses on aerodynamic drag and the contributions from the wheels at different cooling air flow configurations. Wheels and wheel housings are important for the overall aerodynamic drag on passenger cars. It has been shown that as much as 25% of the aerodynamic drag originates from these components. Therefore, it is desirable to understand the flow structures related to the wheels and wheel housings, and how they interact with other important flow regions. This paper presents an investigation of the effects of wheel designs on aerodynamic drag at different cooling air flow configurations on a sedan type passenger car. Comparisons between numerical simulations and wind tunnel measurements are made for some of the configurations as well. Several additional wheel configurations were investigated numerically to further investigate the flow structures at the front and rear wheels. The numerical results show that the effects of radial wheel covering varied noticeably with cooling air flow configuration. In two of the configurations this resulted in a net drag increase with closed cooling air inlets. The best configuration with closed cooling air inlets generated an overall drag reduction of 29 drag counts compared with the numerical baseline with open cooling air inlets. In addition to the obvious drag reduction of closing the cooling air inlets, the main reasons for the additional decrease was limiting the drag increase at the front stagnation region and positive interference effects along the underbody and vehicle base.
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Xu, C., and R. S. Amano. "Aerodynamic and Structure Considerations in Centrifugal Compressor Design: Blade Lean Effects." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68207.
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Optimization procedures are demanded by turbomachinery industries that enable to enhance compressor efficiency and wide operating ranges. Most of the design processes focuseither on aerodynamics or structure. However, the compressor design is an integration between aerodynamics and structure. This paper presents some recent developments of the aerodynamic and structural integral design system. The design process including the meanline design, through-flow optimization and three-dimensional viscous analysis was used in the centrifugal compressor design. The aerodynamic and structural design need to be optimized at the same time. Normally most of the favorable aerodynamic features do not correspond with the structural reliability of the compressor wheel. The optimization between aerodynamic performance and structural reliability is critical to provide the maximal potential of the compressor performance. The main purpose of the current study is to discuss the importance of the aerodynamic and structural optimizations through a centrifugal compressor wheel lean effects. The study demonstrated that the integral design of the aerodynamics and structure is very important.
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Zhang, Yingchao, Chao Yang, Qiliang Wang, Dapeng Zhan, and Zhe Zhang. "Aerodynamics of Open Wheel Racing Car in Pitching Position." In WCX World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0729.
Full textReports on the topic "Wheel aerodynamics"
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Paschkewitz, J. A computational study of tandem dual wheel aerodynamics and the effect of fenders and fairings on spray dispersion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895084.
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Aerodynamic Development of the GAC ENO.146 Concept. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-5093.
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This paper describes the aerodynamic development process and features of the flow field of the GAC ENO.146, a concept vehicle shown in Guangzhou Auto Show 2019, which achieved a CD of 0.146. Key factors in the design process, including how design decisions are made and how the interactions occur between aerodynamicists and designers are explained in detail. The design language forms the next generation of BEVs. The aerodynamic development philosophy is guided by three principles: minimizing flow separation, maximizing rear pressure recovery, and controlling tire wake. This vehicle took full advantage of the unique 2-1-2-1 seating configuration that allowed a tapered tail design with a narrower rear track to further minimize the size of the rear recirculation zone, improving rear pressure recovery. In order to reduce induced drag, detailed studies on roofline and diffuser angles were conducted to develop the optimal combination, eliminating any loss of flow momentum. The diffuser design also served to eliminate flow separation caused by the rear wheels. In addition to that, active aerodynamic devices were employed to reduce interaction between freestream and wheelhouse air. A comparison was also made between ENO.146 and Aion S, a GAC production EV to illustrate future development potentials. Through the development of ENO.146, the aerodynamic development process of ENO.146 serves as a template for future projects, providing expertise and best practices of aerodynamic development for both engineers and designers.