Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wheel base

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wheel base'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wheel base"

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Banjanin, S., and N. Mrosovsky. "Preferences of mice, Mus musculus, for different types of running wheel." Laboratory Animals 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367700780384681.

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Mice are increasingly used in research. In particular, their wheel running is often used as a measure of activity, and as a marker of phase of circadian rhythms. Learning about the preferences of mice for different types of wheel may improve their welfare and suggest ways of increasing activity levels. Mice, Mus musculus, were given a choice between different types of running wheel by putting them in cages equipped with two wheels. Strong preferences were shown for wheels with a plastic mesh flooring, rather than the standard metal rods only. The mesh was even preferred over a solid base, although this effect was not seen in mice that had been given access only to wheels with the solid base immediately prior to the choice test. Small diameter wheels, sometimes sold as mouse wheels, were preferred less than standardsized wheels with rods. The results suggest that types of running wheel often used in laboratories can be improved by considering the animals' preferences. The types of wheel tested here are easy to maintain and entail little additional cost, while increasing the mouse's interest in running and exercise.
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Jia, Xin, and Hsin Guan. "A Vision Recognition Method of Wheel's Pose and Position Parameters in Bench Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.45.

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IA method is proposed here to recognize wheels pose and position parameters with computer vision aiming to the need of measuring wheel moving track in suspension bench testing. Firstly, several markers are fit on the target wheel manually. Secondly, image coordinates of character points is calculated with image processing method and least square ellipse fitting algorithm. At last, wheels pose and position parameters are calculated with rigid body motion POSIT algorithm, and then wheel moving track is measured in test. The algorithm of wheels pose and position parameters in bench testing based on the computer vision here will supply the base under the realization of the moving wheels pose and position parameters recognizing in real time.
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Paczkowska, M., Ł. Wojciechowski, and A. Piasecki. "Surface morphology of wheels in rail vehicles in urban transport." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 83 (July 1, 2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5135.

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Purpose: The general purpose of presented research was evaluation of surface morphology of chosen tram wheels: LUCCHINI (of Siemens Combino tram), PST (of Moderus Beta tram), and GT no 1 (of Duewag tram) operating in Poznan agglomeration. Design/methodology/approach: 3D surface profile study, macro and microscopic research with light and scanning electron microscopes, and Vickers hardness measurements were done. Findings: Wear effects were observed on the rolling surface, as well on the surface of the top of the wheel flange. Rolling contact fatigue was dominant type of wear. Abrasion was also noticed, especially on the top of the wheel flange. Changes in the surface layer were also noticed, like sever plastic deformation as: overhangs, flattened grains and delamination. Plastic deformation was the reason of hardness increase. Though the rolling surface is the surface responsible for the load transfer, more plastically deformed was the surface layer of the top of the wheel flange. Although investigated wheels was operated in different trams wear effects were similar. Research limitations/implications: The research represents part of a project considering identification of phenomena occurring in the contact zone between tram wheel and the rail funded by the National Centre for Research and Development of the LIDER program. Further research should concentrate on designing of the new wheel (new profile and modified material). Practical implications: On the base of performed research it also was possible to determine some suggestions in the order to extend tram wheel life. Originality/value: The surface morphology of tram wheels has been describe quantitatively on the base of 3D roughness parameters. Main type of wear that dominate in case of chosen tram wheels in Poznan agglomeration was identified. Main material changes in the surface layer were described in those wheels.
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Lai, Xin, Xin Bo Chen, Xiao Jun Wu, and Dong Liang. "A Study on Control System for Four-Wheels Independent Driving and Steering Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.807.

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The structure and principle of four-wheels independent driving and steering (4WIS-4WID) electric vehicle are presented firstly, and on this basis the structure of network control system base on CAN bus is built. Kinematics and dynamics models of typical steering modes (such as all wheel steering, front (rear) wheel steering, parallel steering, zero-radius steering) are built, and the control strategy is presented. The experimental results show that the control system structure and control algorithm are effective.
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Coo, Byeong-Choo, and Young-Jin Lee. "Railway Vehicle Wheel Restoration by Submerged Arc Welding and Its Characterization." Sci 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1010025.

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When a railway vehicle moves on a curved rail, sliding contact occurs between the rail head side and wheel flange, which wears the wheel flange down. The thinned flange needs to be restored above the required minimum thickness for structural safety. In this study, a new process and welding wire for restoring worn-out railway wheels by submerged arc welding was developed. To characterize the properties of the restored wheel, dilatometric analysis of phase transformation, SEM/EDX analyses, hardness measurement, and residual stress measurement using the X-ray diffraction method were performed. Finally, wear tests with full-size wheel/rail specimens were carried out. It was confirmed that the weld metal was composed of bainitic microstructures as intended, and welding defects were not observed. The wear amount of the restored wheel was greater than that of the base material, but it was less than half of the wear depth of the weld-repaired wheel with ferritic–pearlitic microstructures. The developed process seems applicable to industry.
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Coo, Byeong-Choo, and Young-Jin Lee. "Railway Vehicle Wheel Restoration by Submerged Arc Welding and Its Characterization." Sci 1, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1020052.

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When a railway vehicle moves on a curved rail, sliding contact occurs between the rail head side and wheel flange, which wears the wheel flange down. The thinned flange needs to be restored above the required minimum thickness for structural safety. In this study, a new process and welding wire for restoring worn-out railway wheels by submerged arc welding was developed. To characterize the properties of the restored wheel, dilatometric analysis of phase transformation, SEM/EDX analyses, hardness measurement, and residual stress measurement using the X-ray diffraction method were performed. Finally, wear tests with full-size wheel/rail specimens were carried out. It was confirmed that the weld metal was composed of bainitic microstructures as intended, and welding defects were not observed. The wear amount of the restored wheel was greater than that of the base material, but it was less than half of the wear depth of the weld-repaired wheel with ferritic–pearlitic microstructures. The developed process seems applicable to industry.
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Coo, Byeong-Choo, and Young-Jin Lee. "Railway Vehicle Wheel Restoration by Submerged Arc Welding and Its Characterization." Sci 2, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2020033.

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When a railway vehicle moves on a curved rail, sliding contact occurs between the rail head side and wheel flange, which wears the wheel flange down. The thinned flange needs to be restored above the required minimum thickness for structural safety. In this study, a new process and welding wire for restoring worn-out railway wheels by submerged arc welding was developed. To characterize the properties of the restored wheel, dilatometric analysis of phase transformation, SEM/EDX analyses, hardness measurement, and residual stress measurement using the X-ray diffraction method were performed. Finally, wear tests with full-size wheel/rail specimens were carried out. It was confirmed that the weld metal was composed of bainitic microstructures as intended, and welding defects were not observed. The wear amount of the restored wheel was greater than that of the base material, but it was less than half of the wear depth of the weld-repaired wheel with ferritic–pearlitic microstructures. The developed process seems applicable to industry.
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Forbes, David, Gary Page, Martin Passmore, and Adrian Gaylard. "A study of computational methods for wake structure and base pressure prediction of a generic SUV model with fixed and rotating wheels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 9 (February 5, 2017): 1222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496.

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This study is an evaluation of the computational methods in reproducing experimental data for a generic sports utility vehicle (SUV) geometry and an assessment on the influence of fixed and rotating wheels for this geometry. Initially, comparisons are made in the wake structure and base pressures between several CFD codes and experimental data. It was shown that steady-state RANS methods are unsuitable for this geometry due to a large scale unsteadiness in the wake caused by separation at the sharp trailing edge and rear wheel wake interactions. unsteady RANS (URANS) offered no improvements in wake prediction despite a significant increase in computational cost. The detached-eddy simulation (DES) and Lattice–Boltzmann methods showed the best agreement with the experimental results in both the wake structure and base pressure, with LBM running in approximately a fifth of the time for DES. The study then continues by analysing the influence of rotating wheels and a moving ground plane over a fixed wheel and ground plane arrangement. The introduction of wheel rotation and a moving ground was shown to increase the base pressure and reduce the drag acting on the vehicle when compared to the fixed case. However, when compared to the experimental standoff case, variations in drag and lift coefficients were minimal but misleading, as significant variations to the surface pressures were present.
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Wada, Masayoshi. "A 4WD Omnidirectional Wheelchair with Enhanced Step Climbing Capability." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 6 (December 20, 2008): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0846.

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In developing an omnidirectional wheelchair tilted to climb single high steps, we enhanced standard step climbing by introducing a four-wheel drive (4WD). One pair of front and back wheels is connected by transmission belts to rotate in unison with a drive motor, i.e., synchrodrive transmission. To avoid wheel slippage as the mechanism turns, two omniwheels are installed in front and two regular tires in back, enabling the front wheels to slide freely sideways while the two back wheels continuously contact the ground. A third motor on the 4WD platform rotates the chair at the center of the mobile base around the vertical axis. The 4WD enhances step climbing over that of standard wheelchairs, but back wheels limit the step height climbed, meaning that front wheels climb higher steps than back wheels. We analyzed 4WD statics to clarify differences in front and back wheel step climbing, finding that drive torque caused the difference and that this influence depends on the wheelbase and vehicle weight distribution ratio of the front and back wheel axes. We varied the load distribution ratio among wheels to maximize back wheel step climbing. To do so, we developed chair tilting with a linear drive and an inclination sensor. The linear drive changes the chair's tilt angle for keeping the wheelchair statics and to vary positioning of the center of gravity (COG) to enable back wheels to climb steps more efficiently. To confirm the effectiveness of chair tilting in this scheme, we tested step climbing in experiments in which a prototype wheelchair carrying a user climbed a 90 mm step, but the back wheels failed when chair tilting was disabled.
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Gao, Hang, W. G. Liu, and Y. G. Zheng. "Development of Electroplated CBN Wheel with Cemented Carbide Base for Precision Grinding of Compressor Cylinder Vane Slot." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.495.

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It is experimentally found that existing micro-holes or micro-concaves on the cemented carbide base surface of electroplated CBN wheel is one of important reasons to worsen the combining intensity of the electroplated abrasives layer with the grinding wheel base. It is well solved by sealing the holes or concaves with steam sealing method. Further more the electroplated CBN wheel with cemented carbide base for precision grinding of compressor cylinder vane slot is developed by optimizing the electroplating prescription and process. Productive grinding results show that the ground surface roughness, size precision and the wheel life have reached the advanced index of the same type of wheel imported.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wheel base"

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Wang, Yifei. "Experimental Study of Wheel-Vehicle Aerodynamic Interactions." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0002/document.

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Sur une maquette à l’échelle 2/5ième équipée d’un diffuseur et de pneus Michelin. La géométrie du véhicule, basée sur le modèle ASMO, a été modifiée précédemment à ce travail afin d’obtenir un angle d’attaque de l’écoulement sur les roues avant et un équilibre du sillage réaliste en présence de quatre roues tournantes. Cette configuration a servi de référence dans le cadre de cette étude.Il a été mis en évidence que la configuration de base avec un sillage équilibré peut facilement être modifiée d’un point de vue aérodynamique en changeant l’état des roues (en rotation ou pas) et le type de pneumatique, en particulier sur l’essieu arrière. Cela provient d’un effet global et d’une sensibilité importante de l’équilibre du sillage aux changements de débit au soubassement. A contrario, lorsque le sillage du véhicule se trouve déséquilibré, il devient plus robuste par rapport à des perturbations de soubassement comme un changement d’état des roues ou une modification des pneumatiques. Si l’on supprime les quatre roues ou uniquement les deux roues avant, le débit de quantité de mouvement au soubassement est grandement augmenté. Par contre, si l’on supprime le diffuseur (changement important de la géométrie du véhicule), celui-ci s’en trouve nettement réduit. Dans ces deux configurations, le sillage est très fortement déséquilibré vers le sol et devient indépendant aux modifications apportées sur les roues.Il a également été mis en évidence un effet plus local du sillage des roues sur la portance et la traînée du véhicule.En effet, la zone de dépression dans le sillage des roues avant a un effet sur la portance alors que le sillage des roues arrière pilote en partie la pression au culot et donc la traînée. Il a ainsi été observé une augmentation importante de la traînée du véhicule lorsque le sillage des roues arrière, non fermé, venait en interaction directe avec le sillage du véhicule
The thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the wheel-vehicle interaction, via experimental investigations on a 2/5-th scale vehicle with an underbody diffuser and 2/5-th scale wheels equipped with Michelin tires. The vehicle geometry, based on ASMO model, was modified prior to the PhD work, in order to achieve a reasonable front wheel yaw angle, and a realistic wake balance with four rotating wheels. It is the baseline configuration in the scope of this work.The findings demonstrate that the well-balanced wake of the baseline configuration can be easily modified by different wheel states or tire modifications, especially at the rear axle. This results from a global effect of the underbody momentum modifications, i.e. a high wake sensitivity to the underbody flow. On the contrary, when the vehicle mean wake develops into a non-balanced topology, it is more robust towards underbody perturbations such as different wheel states or tire modifications. By eliminating four wheels or front wheels, the underbody momentum flux is vastly increased; by eliminating the underbody diffuser, which is a vehicle geometry modification, the underbody momentum flux is significantly reduced. In these two circumstances, one can observea robust downwash from the roof, independent of the wheel states or tire modifications. Besides, there is a more local effect of the wheels near wakes on the aerodynamic lift and drag of the vehicle. Low pressure regions in the underbody downstream the front wheels have an effect on vehicle lift. The rear wheels impose pressure conditions on the vehicle base, influencing the vehicle drag. Particularly, the merging of nonclosed mean wakes of the rear wheels with the vehicle wake can give rise to strong penalty in vehicle drag
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Stanec, Stanislav. "Jeřáb mostový jednonosníkový." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318639.

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This diploma thesis deals with constructional design and a calculation of one-girder bridge crane with the requested primary parametres: lifting capacity 10 000 kg, span 12 000 mm, wheel base 2 500 mm, travel height 7 000 mm. In diploma thesis, there is executed analysis of constructional designs of box girders, drawn up technical report with the analysis of the choice of the construction with important technical and physical calculations. Calculations were executed according to valid Czech state norms and literature. Drawing documentation is enclosed to this thesis.
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Novák, Josef. "Návrh podvozku VUT200 TwinCobra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232017.

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The goal of following master thesis is to design variety of configuration and retraction options of VUT200 TwinCobra landing gear. For each option are a wheel base and a gauge set up by possibility of main landing gear retraction. Next, CS 23 demands and stress analysis are followed. There is a view of twin engine aircraft landing gear disclosed as well.
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Beery, Kyle Edward. "Characterization of a starch based desiccant wheel dehumidifier." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2000. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3033065.

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Yoo, Dae Keun, and not supplied. "Model based wheel slip control via constrained optimal algorithm." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070125.163142.

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In a near future, it is imminent that passenger vehicles will soon be introduced with a new revolutionary brake by wire system which replaces all the mechanical linkages and the conventional hydraulic brake systems with complete 'dry' electrical components. One of the many potential benefits of a brake by wire system is the increased brake dynamic performances due to a more accurate and continuous operation of the EMB actuators which leads to the increased amount of possibilities for control in antilock brake system. The main focus of this thesis is on the application of a model predictive control (MPC) method to devise an antilock brake control system for a brake by wire vehicle. Unlike the traditional ABS control algorithms which are based on a trial and error method, the MPC based ABS algorithm aims to utilizes the behaviour of the model to optimize the wheel slip dynamics subject to system constraints. The final implementation of the wheel slip controller emb races decentralized control architecture to independently control the brake torque at each four wheel. Performance of the wheel slip controller is validated through Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. In order to support the high demands of the computational power and the real time constraints of the Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation, a novel multi processor real-time simulation system is developed using the reflective memory network and the off-the-shelf hardware components.
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Knutsson, Viktor. "Terramechanics based wheel-soil model in a computer game enviroment." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118585.

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This thesis aimed to develop deformable a virtual terrain which a vehicle can move in and interact with in a realistic manner. The theory used to calculate how the terrain influences the vehicle is based on terramechanics. The terrain is divided into two separate parts, one for visualization and one for physical collisions. Deformations of the graphical layer is calculated on the GPU using compute shader programming. The result of the thesis include a tech demo with a small landscape where an alternate terrain vehicle can deform the terrain as it moves around. The method for deforming the graphical layer is made in such a way so that the computational time does not increase as the size of the terrain does, making the method applicable to actual games.
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Ramoneda, Igor M. "Force modeling in surface grinding based on the wheel topography analysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18845.

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Johnson, Christian Axel. "Optimization-based biomechanical evaluation of isometric exertions on a brake wheel." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-041004/.

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Segura, Rojas Juan de Dios. "Robust estimation of vertical wheel forces via modulation-based sensor fusion." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15298.

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Since its introduction by Shinbrot, numerous variations of parameter identification based on the Modulating Function Technique (MFT) have been developed. Recently researches have achieved to estimate also states through this method. In this thesis, the MFT is utilized for the estimation, of both parameters and states, that lead to observe the behaviour of the vertical suspension forces on a vehicle over time. In order to deal with the frequency disturbances present by perturbations as measurement noise and vibrations, the Fourier Modulating Function (FMF) as a kernel is proposed. Furthermore, this method is implemented with the concept of sensor fusion. The estimation that results after the implementation of an adaptive observer during the present work is going to show the robustness of the studied technique.
Seit der Einführung der Modulationsfunktionstechnik (MFT) durch Shinbrot wurden zahlreiche Methoden zur Identifikation von Parametern entwickelt. Die aktuelle Forschung hat inzwischen auch das Schätzen von Zustandsgrößen mit dieser Technik erreicht. In dieser Masterarbeit wird die MFT für die Zustands- und Parameterschätzung verwendet um das dynamische Verhalten der vertikalen Federung an einem Fahrzeug zu beobachten. Um mit Störungen durch Messrauschen und Vibrationen umzugehen wird die Fouriermodulationsfunktion (FMF) als Kern vorgeschlagen. Des Weiteren wird die Methode mit dem Konzept der Sensorfusion implementiert. Das Ergebnis ist eine robuste Schätzung, wie in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigt wird.
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Arrizabalaga, Aguirregomezcorta Jon. "MPC based Caster Wheel Aware Motion Planning for Differential Drive Robots." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281702.

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The inherited rotation in a caster wheel allows movement in any direction, but pays at the expense of reaction torques. When implemented in a mobile robot, these forces have a negative impact in its performance. One approach is to restrict rotations on the spot by attaching a filter to the output of the motion planner. However, this formulation compromises the navigation’s completion in critical scenarios, such as parking, taking curves in narrow corridors or navigating at the presence of a high density of obstacles. Therefore, in this thesis we consider the influence of caster wheels in the motion planning stage, commonly presented as local planning. This work proposes a Model Predictive Control (MPC) based local planner that integrates the caster wheel physics into the motion planning stage. A caster wheel aware term is combined with a reference tracking based navigation, which leads to the formulation of the Caster Wheel Aware Local Planner (CWAWLP). Since this method requires knowing the caster wheel’s state and there is no sensor that provides this information, a caster wheel state observer is also formulated. In order to evaluate the impact of the caster wheel aware term, CWAWLP is compared to a Caster Wheel based Agnostic Local Planner (CWAGLP) and a Caster Wheel based Agnostic Planner Local Planner with Path Filter (CWPFLP). After running simulations for three case studies in a virtual framework, two experimental case studies are conducted in an intra-logistics robot. These are evaluated according to the navigation’s quality, motor torque usage and energy consumption. According to the patterns observed in the evaluation, CWAWLP covers a longer distance than CWAGLP wihout decreasing the navigation’s quality. At the same time, its motor torques are similar to the ones of CWPFLP. Therefore, CWAWLP is capable of considering caster wheel physics without sacrificing navigation capabilities. The formulated caster wheel aware term is compatible with any MPC based navigation algorithm and inherits the derivation of an observer capable of estimating caster wheel rotation angles and rolling speeds. Even if the caster wheel awareness has been implemented in a differential driven robot, this approach is also applicable to vehicles with an alternative drivetrain, such as car-like robots.
Den ärvda rotationen i ett hjul möjliggör rörelse i vilken riktning som helst, men fås på bekostnad av reaktionsmoment. När de implementeras i en mobil robot har dessa krafter en negativ inverkan på dess prestanda. Ett tillvägagångssätt är att begränsa rotationer på plats genom att applicera ett filter på rörelseplannerns utgång. Denna formulering komprometterar dock navigeringens slutförande i kritiska scenarier, såsom parkering, kurvor i smala korridorer eller navigering i närheten av höga hinder. Därför beaktar vi i denna avhandling påverkan av hjul på hjulplaneringen, som ofta presenteras som lokal planering. Detta arbete föreslår en Model Predictive Control (MPC) -baserad lokal planerare som integrerar svängbara länkhjuls fysik i rörelseplaneringsstadiet. En kugghjulmedveten term kombineras med en referensspårningsbaserad navigering, vilket leder till formuleringen av Caster Wheel Aware Local Planner (CWAWLP). Eftersom denna metod kräver kunskap om svängbara länkhjuls tillstånd och det inte finns någon sensor som ger denna information, formuleras också en hjulhjulstillståndsobservatör. För att utvärdera effekten av det medvetna begreppet svängbara änkhjul jämförs CWAWLP med en Caster Wheel-baserad Agnostic Local Planner (CWAGLP) och en Caster Wheel-baserad Agnostic Planner Local Planner with Path Filter (CWPFLP). Efter att ha kört simuleringar för tre fallstudier i ett virtuellt ramverk genomförs två experimentella fallstudier i en intra-logistikrobot. Dessa utvärderas enligt navigeringens kvalitet, vridmomentanvändning och energiförbrukning. Enligt de mönster som observerats i utvärderingen når CWAWLP ett längre avstånd än CWAGLP utan att sänka navigeringens kvalitet. Samtidigt liknar motorns vridmoment dem som CWPFLP. Därför kan CWAWLP ta hänsyn till svängbara länkhjuls fysik utan att offra navigationsfunktionerna. Den formulerade medhjulningsmedveten termen är kompatibel med vilken MPC-baserad navigationsalgoritm som helst och ärver härledningen av en observatör som kan uppskatta hjulets rotationsvinklar och rullningshastigheter. Även om hjulhjälpmedvetenheten har implementerats i en differentierad robot, är detta tillvägagångssätt också tillämpligt på fordon med ett alternativt drivsystem, såsom billiknande robotar.
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Books on the topic "Wheel base"

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name, No. The chronology of base-ring ware and bichrome wheel-made ware: Proceedings of a colloquium held in the Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, Stockholm, May 18-19, 2000. [Stockholm]: Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademien, 2003.

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Rajesh, T. A. Graphical user interface for stepper motor based filter wheel control. Ahmedabad: Physical Research Laboratory, 2008.

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Rajesh, T. A. Graphical user interface for stepper motor based filter wheel control. Ahmedabad: Physical Research Laboratory, 2008.

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Rajesh, T. A. Graphical user interface for stepper motor based filter wheel control. Ahmedabad: Physical Research Laboratory, 2008.

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Dynamics of wheel-soil systems: A soil stress and deformation-based approach. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Robert, Arthur, ed. Hot wheels: Based on characters created by Robert Arthur. New York: Knopf, 1989.

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Super NES games secrets: For the super nintendo entertainment system. Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 1992.

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Eddy, Andy. Super NES Games Secrets. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1992.

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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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Nye, Doug. Ferrari 250 GT Short Wheel Base: The Autobiography Of 4119GT. Porter Press International, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wheel base"

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Mishra, Shivam, and V. K. Sachan. "PS-2 Controlled Four Wheel Base Drive Badminton Playing Robot." In Data and Communication Networks, 93–107. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2254-9_9.

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Duron-Arellano, David, Daniel Soto-Lopez, and Mehran Mehrandezh. "Image-Based Wheel-Base Measurement in Vehicles: A Sensitivity Analysis to Depth and Camera’s Intrinsic Parameters." In Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018, 19–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02686-8_2.

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Brötz, Nicolas, Manuel Rexer, and Peter F. Pelz. "Mastering Model Uncertainty by Transfer from Virtual to Real System." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 35–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_4.

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AbstractTwo chassis components were developed at the Technische Universität Darmstadt that are used to isolate the body and to reduce wheel load fluctuation.The frequency responses of the components were identified with a stochastic foot point excitation in a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation environment at the hydropulser. The modelling of the transmission behaviour influence of the testing machine on the frequency response was approximately represented with a time delay of $$10\,\mathrm {ms}$$ 10 ms in the frequency range up to $$25\,\mathrm {Hz}$$ 25 Hz . This is considered by a Padé approximation. It can be seen that the dynamics of the testing machine have an influence on the wheel load fluctuation and the body acceleration, especially in the natural frequency of the unsprung mass. Therefor, the HiL stability is analysed by mapping the poles of the system in the complex plane, influenced by the time delay and virtual damping.This paper presents the transfer from virtual to real quarter car to quantify the model uncertainty of the component, since the time delay impact does not occur in the real quarter car test rig. The base point excitation directly is provided by the testing machine and not like in the case of the HiL test rig, the compression of the spring damper calculated in the real-time simulation.
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Gao, Hang, W. G. Liu, and Y. G. Zheng. "Development of Electroplated CBN Wheel with Cemented Carbide Base for Precision Grinding of Compressor Cylinder Vane Slot." In Advances in Abrasive Technology IX, 495–500. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-416-2.495.

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Karnavas, Yannis L., and Ioannis D. Chasiotis. "A Simple Knowledge Base Software Architecture for Industrial Electrical Machine Design: Application to Electric Vehicle’s In-Wheel Motor." In Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 36th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology – ISAT 2015 – Part IV, 111–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28567-2_10.

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Ha, Hyunuk, Jongmoo Kim, and Jangmyung Lee. "VDC of In-Wheel EV Simulation Based on Precise Wheel Torque Control." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 45–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40852-6_7.

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Chang, Ching-Lung, and Kang-Hao Liou. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Two-Wheel Robot Control." In Recent Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 324–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03748-2_40.

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Nguyen, Huu-Cuong, Phuoc-Loc Nguyen, and Byung-Ryong Lee. "A Vision-Based Wheel Disc Inspection System." In Advances in Engineering Research and Application, 109–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04792-4_16.

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Brunhorn, Jochen, Oliver Tenchio, and Raúl Rojas. "A Novel Omnidirectional Wheel Based on Reuleaux-Triangles." In RoboCup 2006: Robot Soccer World Cup X, 516–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74024-7_53.

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Cheng, Yanchun, Yu Liu, Rundong Wang, Yong Liu, and Rui Zhou. "Autonomous Vehicle Control System Based on Mecanum Wheel." In Application of Intelligent Systems in Multi-modal Information Analytics, 149–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51556-0_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wheel base"

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Soliman, A. M. A., and D. A. Crolla. "Limited Bandwidth Active Suspension Employing Wheel base Preview." In SAE 2001 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1063.

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Vicente, Alexandre, Jindong Liu, and Guang-Zhong Yang. "Surface classification based on vibration on omni-wheel mobile base." In 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353480.

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Gassman, Max P., and Gary L. Dostal. "Simulation of Hydraulically Adjustable Wheel Base Unit for Mobile Equipment." In 38th Annual Earthmoving Industry Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870808.

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Nakano, Hisami, and Shigeo Hirose. "Crank-wheel: A brand new mobile base for field robots." In 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6385826.

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Takita, Yoshihiro, Shinya Ohkawa, and Hisashi Date. "Development of Wheel Chair With Center Articulated Body and Autonomous Control System." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46970.

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Our research object is to develop a wheel chair that is able to climb up and down stairs. Conventional wheel chairs use a parallel two-wheel type mobile base that is effective for moving on even surfaces but has limited clearance, posing difficulties in climbing over obstacles. In IROS2014, authors proposed and demonstrated an Octal Wheel unit that has 8 wheels with link-mechanisms and is able to climb up and down stairs. This robot is just a prototype to show the effectiveness of the mechanism. This research has begun to develop an AR chair that is able to carry a passenger, move autonomously, and climb up and down stairs. The first step of the AR chair project is to develop and construct a wheel chair with a center articulated body. The 8-wheel mechanism is applied to the AR chair model after the construction of an autonomous system. A control system with 3D LIDAR was installed on the prototype and it autonomously moved 1.4km in the Real World Robotics Challenge (RWRC) 2014 in Tsukuba on the official pedestrian road. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
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Landstro¨m, Christoffer, and Lennart Lo¨fdahl. "Investigation of Aerodynamic Wheel Designs on a Passenger Car at Different Cooling Air Flow Conditions." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-23028.

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Passenger cars represent the largest part of all means of personal transportation today. Thus, it is important to work towards reduced energy consumption of cars if a sustainable mobility is to be achieved. This involves many aspects of vehicle engineering; one of them being aerodynamics. This study focuses on aerodynamic drag and the contributions from the wheels at different cooling air flow configurations. Wheels and wheel housings are important for the overall aerodynamic drag on passenger cars. It has been shown that as much as 25% of the aerodynamic drag originates from these components. Therefore, it is desirable to understand the flow structures related to the wheels and wheel housings, and how they interact with other important flow regions. This paper presents an investigation of the effects of wheel designs on aerodynamic drag at different cooling air flow configurations on a sedan type passenger car. Comparisons between numerical simulations and wind tunnel measurements are made for some of the configurations as well. Several additional wheel configurations were investigated numerically to further investigate the flow structures at the front and rear wheels. The numerical results show that the effects of radial wheel covering varied noticeably with cooling air flow configuration. In two of the configurations this resulted in a net drag increase with closed cooling air inlets. The best configuration with closed cooling air inlets generated an overall drag reduction of 29 drag counts compared with the numerical baseline with open cooling air inlets. In addition to the obvious drag reduction of closing the cooling air inlets, the main reasons for the additional decrease was limiting the drag increase at the front stagnation region and positive interference effects along the underbody and vehicle base.
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Luo, Jintao, Xiandong Liu, Yue Zhang, and Yingchun Shan. "Strength Analysis and Structural Optimization of Multi-Piece Wheels for Heavy Vehicles." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23428.

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Abstract Due to the capacity for high payloads and harsh operating conditions, and the simple demounting tire operation, multipiece wheels are widely used on heavy vehicles and construction machinery. There is potential for weight reduction of one certain multi-piece wheel (type 8.5-20) for heavy vehicles based on its greatly low failure rate from the customer usage data. In order to improve material efficiency, the strength analysis and structural optimization of the multi-piece wheel was systematically studied in this paper. The characteristics of the wheel under the bending load and radial load were simulated by using finite element method (FEM). According to the obtained stress distribution, the rim base was optimized on the basis of its performance under the radial load. SolidWorks, Abaqus and Excel were integrated on the optimization design platform Isight to automate the optimum workflow based on the approximation loop strategy. This strategy packed in Exploration component of Isight is an iterative algorithm which creates an approximation and executes an optimization plan multiple times, updating the approximation automatically between each cycle if deemed necessary. Eventually, the optimal results showed that a good lightweight design effect was acquired, and the weight of the rim base was reduced by 6.5% under requirements of strength and rigidity. The research provides a fast method for the optimal design of wheels because of less calculation of simulation model and fast convergence with above strategy.
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Priadythama, Ilham, Bambang Suhardi, and Iksan Adiasa. "Further study on a short wheel base recumbent bike frame using simulated finite element analysis." In 2016 2nd International Conference of Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering (ICIMECE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimece.2016.7910461.

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Wu, Hao, Baoshan Huang, and Zixin Zhang. "Evaluation of the Reinforcement Effect of Geogrids in Pavement Base Using Loaded Wheel Tester (LWT)." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41104(377)38.

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Chen, Chang-Nian, Ji-Tian Han, Li Shao, Tien-Chien Jen, and Yi-Hsin Yen. "Design of Equipment for Manufacturing Helically-Coiled Tubes and its Automatic Control System." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37146.

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A simple but accurate method for manufacturing helically-coiled tubes was proposed, and the manufacturing equipment and its automatic control system were designed. The main geometric parameters of helically-coiled tubes are determined exactly based on the theorem “three given points determine a circle” and the definition of the helix angle of helically-coiled tubes. The finished equipment primarily consists of the mechanical noumenon and the automatic control system. In this design, three die wheels A, B and C made of wearable steel are used to adjust the positions of the raw materials in order to determine the product geometric parameters expected in advance. Three servo motors working with precision linear sliding rheostat and PID closed-loop control functions drive the three wheels mentioned above in different directions. The parameter e determining the base circle diameter of coil diameter is obtained by adjusting the position of wheel C up and down, and the parameter e’ determining the helix angle is obtained by adjusting the relative distance between wheel B and wheel A in the helical axis direction. The whole manufacture process is automatically controlled by a piece of software compiled by Visual Basic, including the processes of baiting and cutting, installing wheels and calibration, motor controlling, bending tubes, and product inspection etc. The design parameters for manufacturing helically-coiled tubes using SUS304 stainless steel or other similar materials are tube diameters of 6–50 mm, coil diameters of 100–700 mm and helical pitches of 10–50 mm. A total of fourteen finished products were selected as random samples for inspection. The result showed that the average working velocity was about 0.6 m/min; the root mean square errors (RMSE) of coil diameter and helical pitch of finished products were 3.85 mm and 0.97 mm, respectively; and the maximum roundness error of tubes was only 0.09 mm.
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Reports on the topic "Wheel base"

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Han, J., M. Mintz, and M. Wang. Waste-to-wheel analysis of anaerobic-digestion-based renewable natural gas pathways with the GREET model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036091.

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Szymanski, J. K. Sensitivity analysis of production and power consumption using a computer based bucket wheel excavator-conveyor-bin model. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304987.

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Heymsfield, Ernie, and Jeb Tingle. State of the practice in pavement structural design/analysis codes relevant to airfield pavement design. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40542.

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An airfield pavement structure is designed to support aircraft live loads for a specified pavement design life. Computer codes are available to assist the engineer in designing an airfield pavement structure. Pavement structural design is generally a function of five criteria: the pavement structural configuration, materials, the applied loading, ambient conditions, and how pavement failure is defined. The two typical types of pavement structures, rigid and flexible, provide load support in fundamentally different ways and develop different stress distributions at the pavement – base interface. Airfield pavement structural design is unique due to the large concentrated dynamic loads that a pavement structure endures to support aircraft movements. Aircraft live loads that accompany aircraft movements are characterized in terms of the load magnitude, load area (tire-pavement contact surface), aircraft speed, movement frequency, landing gear configuration, and wheel coverage. The typical methods used for pavement structural design can be categorized into three approaches: empirical methods, analytical (closed-form) solutions, and numerical (finite element analysis) approaches. This article examines computational approaches used for airfield pavement structural design to summarize the state-of-the-practice and to identify opportunities for future advancements. United States and non-U.S. airfield pavement structural codes are reviewed in this article considering their computational methodology and intrinsic qualities.
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Mintz, M., J. Han, M. Wang, and C. Saricks. Well-to-Wheels analysis of landfill gas-based pathways and their addition to the GREET model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/982696.

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Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.

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The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
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Christie, Benjamin, Osama Ennasr, and Garry Glaspell. Autonomous navigation and mapping in a simulated environment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42006.

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Unknown Environment Exploration (UEE) with an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is extremely challenging. This report investigates a frontier exploration approach, in simulation, that leverages Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) to efficiently explore unknown areas by finding navigable routes. The solution utilizes a diverse sensor payload that includes wheel encoders, three-dimensional (3-D) LIDAR, and Red, Green, Blue and Depth (RGBD) cameras. The main goal of this effort is to leverage frontier-based exploration with a UGV to produce a 3-D map (up to 10 cm resolution). The solution provided leverages the Robot Operating System (ROS).
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Wei, Fulu, Ce Wang, Xiangxi Tian, Shuo Li, and Jie Shan. Investigation of Durability and Performance of High Friction Surface Treatment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317281.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) completed a total of 25 high friction surface treatment (HFST) projects across the state in 2018. This research study attempted to investigate the durability and performance of HFST in terms of its HFST-pavement system integrity and surface friction performance. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy-bauxite mortar. Field inspections were carried out to identify site conditions and common early HFST distresses. Cyclic loading test and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to evaluate the bonding strength between HFST and existing pavement, in particular chip seal with different pretreatments such as vacuum sweeping, shotblasting, and scarification milling. Both surface friction and texture tests were undertaken periodically (generally once every 6 months) to evaluate the surface friction performance of HFST. Crash records over a 5-year period, i.e., 3 years before installation and 2 years after installation, were examined to determine the safety performance of HFST, crash modification factor (CMF) in particular. It was found that HFST epoxy-bauxite mortar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) significantly higher than those of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures and Portland cement concrete (PCC), and good cracking resistance. The most common early HFST distresses in Indiana are reflective cracking, surface wrinkling, aggregate loss, and delamination. Vacuum sweeping is the optimal method for pretreating existing pavements, chip seal in particular. Chip seal in good condition is structurally capable of providing a sound base for HFST. On two-lane highway curves, HFST is capable of reducing the total vehicle crash by 30%, injury crash by 50%, and wet weather crash by 44%, and providing a CMF of 0.584 in Indiana. Great variability may arise in the results of friction tests on horizontal curves by the use of locked wheel skid tester (LWST) due both to the nature of vehicle dynamics and to the operation of test vehicle. Texture testing, however, is capable of providing continuous texture measurements that can be used to calculate a texture height parameter, i.e., mean profile depth (MPD), not only for evaluating friction performance but also implementing quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) plans for HFST.
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