Journal articles: 'Wheel base'

1

Banjanin, S., and N. Mrosovsky. "Preferences of mice, Mus musculus, for different types of running wheel." Laboratory Animals 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367700780384681.

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Mice are increasingly used in research. In particular, their wheel running is often used as a measure of activity, and as a marker of phase of circadian rhythms. Learning about the preferences of mice for different types of wheel may improve their welfare and suggest ways of increasing activity levels. Mice, Mus musculus, were given a choice between different types of running wheel by putting them in cages equipped with two wheels. Strong preferences were shown for wheels with a plastic mesh flooring, rather than the standard metal rods only. The mesh was even preferred over a solid base, although this effect was not seen in mice that had been given access only to wheels with the solid base immediately prior to the choice test. Small diameter wheels, sometimes sold as mouse wheels, were preferred less than standardsized wheels with rods. The results suggest that types of running wheel often used in laboratories can be improved by considering the animals' preferences. The types of wheel tested here are easy to maintain and entail little additional cost, while increasing the mouse's interest in running and exercise.

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Jia, Xin, and Hsin Guan. "A Vision Recognition Method of Wheel's Pose and Position Parameters in Bench Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.45.

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IA method is proposed here to recognize wheels pose and position parameters with computer vision aiming to the need of measuring wheel moving track in suspension bench testing. Firstly, several markers are fit on the target wheel manually. Secondly, image coordinates of character points is calculated with image processing method and least square ellipse fitting algorithm. At last, wheels pose and position parameters are calculated with rigid body motion POSIT algorithm, and then wheel moving track is measured in test. The algorithm of wheels pose and position parameters in bench testing based on the computer vision here will supply the base under the realization of the moving wheels pose and position parameters recognizing in real time.

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Paczkowska, M., Ł. Wojciechowski, and A. Piasecki. "Surface morphology of wheels in rail vehicles in urban transport." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 83 (July 1, 2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5135.

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Purpose: The general purpose of presented research was evaluation of surface morphology of chosen tram wheels: LUCCHINI (of Siemens Combino tram), PST (of Moderus Beta tram), and GT no 1 (of Duewag tram) operating in Poznan agglomeration. Design/methodology/approach: 3D surface profile study, macro and microscopic research with light and scanning electron microscopes, and Vickers hardness measurements were done. Findings: Wear effects were observed on the rolling surface, as well on the surface of the top of the wheel flange. Rolling contact fatigue was dominant type of wear. Abrasion was also noticed, especially on the top of the wheel flange. Changes in the surface layer were also noticed, like sever plastic deformation as: overhangs, flattened grains and delamination. Plastic deformation was the reason of hardness increase. Though the rolling surface is the surface responsible for the load transfer, more plastically deformed was the surface layer of the top of the wheel flange. Although investigated wheels was operated in different trams wear effects were similar. Research limitations/implications: The research represents part of a project considering identification of phenomena occurring in the contact zone between tram wheel and the rail funded by the National Centre for Research and Development of the LIDER program. Further research should concentrate on designing of the new wheel (new profile and modified material). Practical implications: On the base of performed research it also was possible to determine some suggestions in the order to extend tram wheel life. Originality/value: The surface morphology of tram wheels has been describe quantitatively on the base of 3D roughness parameters. Main type of wear that dominate in case of chosen tram wheels in Poznan agglomeration was identified. Main material changes in the surface layer were described in those wheels.

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Lai, Xin, Xin Bo Chen, Xiao Jun Wu, and Dong Liang. "A Study on Control System for Four-Wheels Independent Driving and Steering Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.807.

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The structure and principle of four-wheels independent driving and steering (4WIS-4WID) electric vehicle are presented firstly, and on this basis the structure of network control system base on CAN bus is built. Kinematics and dynamics models of typical steering modes (such as all wheel steering, front (rear) wheel steering, parallel steering, zero-radius steering) are built, and the control strategy is presented. The experimental results show that the control system structure and control algorithm are effective.

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5

Coo, Byeong-Choo, and Young-Jin Lee. "Railway Vehicle Wheel Restoration by Submerged Arc Welding and Its Characterization." Sci 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1010025.

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When a railway vehicle moves on a curved rail, sliding contact occurs between the rail head side and wheel flange, which wears the wheel flange down. The thinned flange needs to be restored above the required minimum thickness for structural safety. In this study, a new process and welding wire for restoring worn-out railway wheels by submerged arc welding was developed. To characterize the properties of the restored wheel, dilatometric analysis of phase transformation, SEM/EDX analyses, hardness measurement, and residual stress measurement using the X-ray diffraction method were performed. Finally, wear tests with full-size wheel/rail specimens were carried out. It was confirmed that the weld metal was composed of bainitic microstructures as intended, and welding defects were not observed. The wear amount of the restored wheel was greater than that of the base material, but it was less than half of the wear depth of the weld-repaired wheel with ferritic–pearlitic microstructures. The developed process seems applicable to industry.

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Coo, Byeong-Choo, and Young-Jin Lee. "Railway Vehicle Wheel Restoration by Submerged Arc Welding and Its Characterization." Sci 1, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1020052.

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When a railway vehicle moves on a curved rail, sliding contact occurs between the rail head side and wheel flange, which wears the wheel flange down. The thinned flange needs to be restored above the required minimum thickness for structural safety. In this study, a new process and welding wire for restoring worn-out railway wheels by submerged arc welding was developed. To characterize the properties of the restored wheel, dilatometric analysis of phase transformation, SEM/EDX analyses, hardness measurement, and residual stress measurement using the X-ray diffraction method were performed. Finally, wear tests with full-size wheel/rail specimens were carried out. It was confirmed that the weld metal was composed of bainitic microstructures as intended, and welding defects were not observed. The wear amount of the restored wheel was greater than that of the base material, but it was less than half of the wear depth of the weld-repaired wheel with ferritic–pearlitic microstructures. The developed process seems applicable to industry.

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7

Coo, Byeong-Choo, and Young-Jin Lee. "Railway Vehicle Wheel Restoration by Submerged Arc Welding and Its Characterization." Sci 2, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2020033.

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When a railway vehicle moves on a curved rail, sliding contact occurs between the rail head side and wheel flange, which wears the wheel flange down. The thinned flange needs to be restored above the required minimum thickness for structural safety. In this study, a new process and welding wire for restoring worn-out railway wheels by submerged arc welding was developed. To characterize the properties of the restored wheel, dilatometric analysis of phase transformation, SEM/EDX analyses, hardness measurement, and residual stress measurement using the X-ray diffraction method were performed. Finally, wear tests with full-size wheel/rail specimens were carried out. It was confirmed that the weld metal was composed of bainitic microstructures as intended, and welding defects were not observed. The wear amount of the restored wheel was greater than that of the base material, but it was less than half of the wear depth of the weld-repaired wheel with ferritic–pearlitic microstructures. The developed process seems applicable to industry.

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8

Forbes, David, Gary Page, Martin Passmore, and Adrian Gaylard. "A study of computational methods for wake structure and base pressure prediction of a generic SUV model with fixed and rotating wheels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 9 (February 5, 2017): 1222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496.

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This study is an evaluation of the computational methods in reproducing experimental data for a generic sports utility vehicle (SUV) geometry and an assessment on the influence of fixed and rotating wheels for this geometry. Initially, comparisons are made in the wake structure and base pressures between several CFD codes and experimental data. It was shown that steady-state RANS methods are unsuitable for this geometry due to a large scale unsteadiness in the wake caused by separation at the sharp trailing edge and rear wheel wake interactions. unsteady RANS (URANS) offered no improvements in wake prediction despite a significant increase in computational cost. The detached-eddy simulation (DES) and Lattice–Boltzmann methods showed the best agreement with the experimental results in both the wake structure and base pressure, with LBM running in approximately a fifth of the time for DES. The study then continues by analysing the influence of rotating wheels and a moving ground plane over a fixed wheel and ground plane arrangement. The introduction of wheel rotation and a moving ground was shown to increase the base pressure and reduce the drag acting on the vehicle when compared to the fixed case. However, when compared to the experimental standoff case, variations in drag and lift coefficients were minimal but misleading, as significant variations to the surface pressures were present.

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9

Wada, Masayoshi. "A 4WD Omnidirectional Wheelchair with Enhanced Step Climbing Capability." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 6 (December 20, 2008): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0846.

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In developing an omnidirectional wheelchair tilted to climb single high steps, we enhanced standard step climbing by introducing a four-wheel drive (4WD). One pair of front and back wheels is connected by transmission belts to rotate in unison with a drive motor, i.e., synchrodrive transmission. To avoid wheel slippage as the mechanism turns, two omniwheels are installed in front and two regular tires in back, enabling the front wheels to slide freely sideways while the two back wheels continuously contact the ground. A third motor on the 4WD platform rotates the chair at the center of the mobile base around the vertical axis. The 4WD enhances step climbing over that of standard wheelchairs, but back wheels limit the step height climbed, meaning that front wheels climb higher steps than back wheels. We analyzed 4WD statics to clarify differences in front and back wheel step climbing, finding that drive torque caused the difference and that this influence depends on the wheelbase and vehicle weight distribution ratio of the front and back wheel axes. We varied the load distribution ratio among wheels to maximize back wheel step climbing. To do so, we developed chair tilting with a linear drive and an inclination sensor. The linear drive changes the chair's tilt angle for keeping the wheelchair statics and to vary positioning of the center of gravity (COG) to enable back wheels to climb steps more efficiently. To confirm the effectiveness of chair tilting in this scheme, we tested step climbing in experiments in which a prototype wheelchair carrying a user climbed a 90 mm step, but the back wheels failed when chair tilting was disabled.

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10

Gao, Hang, W. G. Liu, and Y. G. Zheng. "Development of Electroplated CBN Wheel with Cemented Carbide Base for Precision Grinding of Compressor Cylinder Vane Slot." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.495.

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It is experimentally found that existing micro-holes or micro-concaves on the cemented carbide base surface of electroplated CBN wheel is one of important reasons to worsen the combining intensity of the electroplated abrasives layer with the grinding wheel base. It is well solved by sealing the holes or concaves with steam sealing method. Further more the electroplated CBN wheel with cemented carbide base for precision grinding of compressor cylinder vane slot is developed by optimizing the electroplating prescription and process. Productive grinding results show that the ground surface roughness, size precision and the wheel life have reached the advanced index of the same type of wheel imported.

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11

Wada, Masayoshi. "Omnidirectional and Holonomic Mobile Platform with Four-Wheel-Drive Mechanism for Wheelchairs." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 3 (June 20, 2007): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0264.

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This paper presents a new type of omnidirectional and holonomic mobile platform with a four-wheel-drive (4WD) mechanism for improving traction of electric wheelchairs on slippery surfaces and enhancing mobility on rough terrain. The 4WD mechanism includes a pair of normal wheels on the back and a pair of omniwheels on the front. The normal wheel in back and the omniwheel in front, on the same side of the drive mechanism, are connected by a power transmission to rotate in unison with a common motor. Omniwheels enable the front of the mechanism to roll freely from side to side. A third motor turns the chair about a vertical axis at the center of the mobile platform. One goal of this project is to apply the 4WD mechanism to a holonomic omnidirectional mobile base for wheelchairs to enhance both maneuverability and mobility in single wheelchair design. The 4WD mechanism guarantees traction on irregular surfaces and enhances step climbing over that of standard wheelchairs because all wheels have a large diameter and no passive casters are used. For omnidirectional control of the 4WD mobile base, two wheel motors are coordinated to move the center of the chair in an arbitrary direction while chair orientation is controlled separately by the third motor. The three motors thus provide nonredundant 3DOF chair movement. A wheelchair with our proposed mobile base moves in all directions without changing chair orientation and turns in place, i.e., holonomic. The configuration minimizing number of motors cuts costs and ensures a high reliable mechanism. We analyze the kinematics of planar motion and statics on the wheel step of the synchronized 4WD, then discuss the development of omnidirectional 4WD control. A series of experiments using a small robotic vehicle verifies kinematic and static models and the feasibility of the 4WD omnidirectional system proposed.

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12

Abrahám, R., R. Majdan, and R. Drlička. "Possibilities of improving the wheel tractor drive force transmission to soil." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (June 2, 2016): S37—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2015-rae.

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The possibility of increasing maximal drawbar pull of tractor working on the soil was evaluated. The increase in drawbar pull occurred due to special wheels mounted on the drive axle. The special wheels were equipped with auto-extensible blades and designed at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The main advantage of the special wheels is an automatic extension of steel blades to increase the drawbar pull during a wheel slip and automatic return to the base position to allow the transport of tractor by the route. The testing operation points at the decrease of wheel slip resulted in the increase of drawbar pull. The drawbar pull of tractor equipped with standard tyres and special wheels was compared in different soil moisture conditions. The higher increase in drawbar pull was measured during the tractor operation on the soil with higher moisture in comparison to the soil with lower moisture level.

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13

Mourant, Ronald R., and Praveen Sadhu. "Evaluation of Force Feedback Steering in a Fixed Based Driving Simulator." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 26 (September 2002): 2202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204602621.

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Eight participants drove a fixed base simulator using both spring-loaded and force feedback steering wheels. Their route included curves of 100, 200 and 300 radii of curvature, and two freeway style exit ramps that were sloped, banked and, had changing radii of curvature. Both mean and variance of lane position were calculated. There were no differences in terms of mean and variance of lane position between the steering wheels when driving on straight road segments. Lane position variance was significantly greater when driving on the 100 meter curves then when driving of the 200 and 300 meter curves. Drivers “hugged” left hand curves more when using the force feedback steering wheel as indicated by their average lane position being significantly more to the left. On the two right hand exit ramps, drivers drove significantly more to the left when using the force feedback steering wheel. Subjects rated the force feedback steering wheel higher in terms of realism, maneuverability, and vehicle control on a post-experiment questionnaire.

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14

Shih, Albert J., Ronald O. Scattergood, Adam C. Curry, Thomas M. Yonushonis, Darryl J. Gust, Marion B. Grant, Samuel B. McSpadden, and Thomas R. Watkins. "Cost-Effective Grinding of Zirconia Using the Dense Vitreous Bond Silicon Carbide Wheel." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 125, no. 2 (April 15, 2003): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1559167.

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Results of grinding zirconia using wheels with fine grain size SiC and dense vitreous bond are presented. Wheel wear results demonstrated that this type of SiC wheel could grind fully and partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) very effectively. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the percentage of monoclinic phase in the PSZ base material, ground surface, and debris. As expected, due to the stress- and temperature-induced phase transformation during grinding, the percentage of monoclinic phase on the ground surface was increased relative to the base material. However, X-ray diffraction showed no monoclinic phase in the PSZ debris. This suggests that, during grinding, the low thermal conductivity of zirconia and SiC, compared to that of diamond, facilitates heat retention in the chip and softens the work-material. This makes the efficient grinding of PSZ possible. Grinding temperature measurement results supported this hypothesis.

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Huo, Wen Guo, Lan Rong Cai, Juan Shao, and Feng Yang. "Structure Design of Inner Lubricating Wheel with Vane Impeller Base on Green Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2674.

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The new wheel could reduce grinding friction and prevent of chip adhesion by lubrication between wheel and workpiece surface. Lubrication mechanism of inner impeller wheel has been analyzed; the entrance of the impeller diameter, number of leaves and leaf shape and other parameter has been calculated also. It makes use of airflow force and centrifugal force of high speed rotating wheel, solid lubricant filled in wheel inner room through lateral grooves, end distribution of fine holes penetrate into wheel surface.

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Zhang, Hong Xia, Wu Yi Chen, Xiu Zhuo Fu, and Li Xia Huang. "Grinding Characteristics and Mechanism of Ceramic Alumina Wheels on Aeronautical Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.373.

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The present investigation was dedicated to elucidate grinding characteristics during surface grinding of titanium alloy(TC6) and high temperature alloy (GH2132) by using silicon carbide(SiC) and sol-gel (SG) wheel respectively. The grinding characteristic of SG wheel on aeronautical alloys was studied on the base of systematical measurement of the grinding force, grinding temperature, surface roughness and grinding ratio. The results indicated that the SG grinding wheel possesses excellent grinding properties and is more suitable for grinding these aeronautical alloys compared with conventional abrasive tools. Finally, the grinding mechanism of new-typed SG wheel was unveiled on the base of the microcrystalline structure analysis of SG grains.

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Hasuda, Yuichi, Asahi Handa, Yuki Kobori, Shinichi Kinebuchi, Toshiaki Furusawa, and Yasuo Harigaya. "Grinding of Super-Alloys Using Metal-Bonded CBN Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.143.

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Superalloys, used for turbine blades and jet engines for airplanes, have low heat conduction and high strength at elevated temperature. These properties make it very difficult to obtain effective grinding processes with high accuracy. Superalloys with fine performance under high temperature circumstances attract great attention to be used as the material for turbine blades. It has been expected to establish reliable efficient grinding of superalloys at the final grinding process. In this study, the influence of wheel wear, grinding ratio, and surface roughness, with the grinding process of superalloys, using metal bonded CBN wheel were carefully observed. Since superalloys have lower heat conduction and they cause a severe wheel wear, which leads to low grinding ratio. However, the high grinding ratio of about 800 and the stable figure of surface roughness of Rz=2μm were obtained when Co-base PWA647 and X45 were ground by using metal-bonded CBN wheel. Consequently, the Co-base superalloys perform rather well producing finer grinding process than the intensive Ni-base or Fe-base superalloys.

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Náprstková, Nataša, Martin Novák, Martin Marek, Karel Šramhauser, Jan Sviantek, Dana Stančeková, and Miroslava Ťavodová. "Analyses of Influence on Chromium Coating after Grinding from the View of Final Microstructure and Microhardness in the Surface Layer." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092396.

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The article deals with the analysis of chromium layer grinding on a steel substrate, where this issue was addressed with regard to the requirements of the manufacturing sector, specifically in the aerospace industry. The experimental samples were chromium-plated and ground under different cutting conditions by the grooving method of grinding. Two types of grinding wheels for grinding were used, grinding wheel based on SG (solgel) a grinding wheel based on SiC. The resulting microstructure and microhardness in the machined layer were evaluated with using of confocal laser microscopy, inverted materials microscopy, and hardness testing. Based on the results, recommendations were made regarding a suitable approach to grinding the chromium coating. We used a confocal laser microscope and hardness tester for the evaluation of presented values. It was found that, on the base of analyses values, with both grinding wheel and using cutting conditions used, good results have been achieved. This could be stated, because the analysis of the samples microstructure after grinding for the given cutting conditions showed that it is possible that a small influence is completely acceptable from the point of the final product view and there are no major negative phenomena. Measurements of surface microhardness after grinding showed similar results for all samples. The SiC-based grinding wheel showed slightly better results, but both grinding wheels can be used without problems for the presented cutting conditions, and the presented cutting conditions with both grinding wheels can be recommended for the grinding of the given material.

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Yang, Zhi Bo, Ai Ju Liu, and Jiu Hua Xu. "Laser Brazing Diamond Grinding Wheel with Ni-Base Filler Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.218.

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Brazing diamond wheel was carried out via laser in an argon atmosphere. The interfacial microstructures among brazed diamond, the filler alloy and matrix were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS) and X- ray diffraction (XRD). The formation mechanism of carbide layers was also discussed. Finally, grinding examination of the grinding wheel was carried through. The results show that diamond can not fall off from the wheel even at heavy duty conditions.

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Xing, Jun Wen, Hong Wu Pu, Xiang Zheng Meng, and Li Qun Bao. "Lightweight Design for a New Tracked Triangular Wheel Structure." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.78.

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A new tracked triangular wheel structure was introduced. A whole tracked triangular wheeled vehicle model was built in multi-body dynamics simulation software RecurDyn, and its climbing obstacle performance on the dry soil road was simulated. The author put the simulation results as loading conditions of finite element model. Finite element calculation and lightweight design for tracked triangular wheel base frame were completed. The results showed that the weight of the base frame reduced by 69.8%, the structure properties of the base frame improved, and the lightweight design goal was achieved.

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Cao, Xi Jing, Ke Peng Zhang, and Ming Zhang. "The Orderly and Direction Study of Grinding Wheel Grits Based on Geomorphologic Feature." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.369.

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At present, CNC grinding efficiency has been low, the main reason is the grinding tool-grinding wheel. The service life of grinding wheel is an important element for restricting the grinding efficiency, and the main reason for affecting grinding wheel service life is the distribution of the grinding wheel grits. The chaotic distribution of grinding wheel grits reduces grinding efficiency. This paper analyzes the physical and chemical characteristics of the CBN grits, puts forward that through adding the magnetic field method in the process of electroplating wheel, changes the position and posture of CBN grits on the grinding wheel base body, and makes its an orderly distribution. And thus this method greatly improves the grinding efficiency and service life of the electroplating CBN grinding wheel.

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Wan, Lin Lin, Zhao Hui Deng, Sheng Chao Li, and Piao Long. "Experimental Study of Material Removal Rate for Rotary Curved Surface Workpieces of Si₃N₄ in Chemical-Mechanical Polishing Using Taguchi Technique." Advanced Materials Research 497 (April 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.497.273.

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By applying chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) technique to high precision processing of rotary surface workpieces of silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic, a CMP experimental device was established on a numerical control (NC) jig grinder. The polyurethane wheel and nonwoven cloth wheel was adoped. The CeO2abrasive was applied to configure the water base polishing solution. Using Taguchi robust design method, through S/N ratios and analysis of variance, the influence of slurry concentration, polishing wheel speed and polishing wheel feed rate on material removal rate (MRR) were analyzed. With the increase of polishing wheel speed and polishing wheel feed rate, the MRR decreased. There was a balance concentration leading to the largest MRR. The best process parameters were selected: the slurry concentration of 20%, polishing wheel speed of 6000r/min, polishing wheel feed rate of 2.29mm/min, The result showed the descending order of selected process parameters impacting on MRR was polishing wheel speed, polishing wheel feed rate and slurry concentration.

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Лавров, A. Lavrov, Шевцов, V. Shevtsov, Годжаев, Z. Godzhaev, Русанов, and A. Rusanov. "THE METHOD OF CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM CONTACT PRESSURE WHEEL ON SOIL MOVER WITH THE USE OF UNIVERSAL BUS CHARACTERISTICS." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13855.

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The authors of this article propose the method of estimating the maximum contact pressure of a drive wheel on the supporting base. The article analyzes the changes in maximum ground pressure for a range of inflation tyre pressures and vertical wheel loads

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Ali, Y. M., and Liang Chi Zhang. "Fuzzy Rules for Surface Roughness of Ground Steels." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.120.

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This paper presents a comprehensive model for predicting surface roughness due to grinding. Fuzzy rules are provided, to estimate roughness for any practical combination of (1) wheel hardness grade, (2) abrasive grain size, (3) dressing condition, (4) table speed, (5) wheel depth of cut, and (6) coolant application. The rule-base can be adapted to account for the effect of (7) different workpiece material hardness, (8) wheel rotational speed, and (9) equivalent wheel diameter. The 86 rules are intuitive, and are particularly useful for production and/or embedded control applications.

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Wang, Ke, Zheng Qing Zhao, and Xing Wei Sun. "Study of the Wheel of Abrasive Belt Based on Forming Polishing Technology." Advanced Materials Research 619 (December 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.619.249.

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The wheel of abrasive belt is a special-shaped coated abrasive which has the advantage of good polishing quality, long life, and high efficiency, low cost and so on. Base on the features of the wheel of abrasive belt, through analyzing the basic motion relation of forming polishing spiral surface screw, the wheel of abrasive belt’s profile shape curve could be calculated by establishing the contact line equation of screw spiral surfaces with the wheel of abrasive belt rotating surfaces. Software to verify the correctness of the profile shape calculated, and in accordance with the wheel of abrasive belt profile shape curve to programming NC program. Start with the dressing experiments of the wheel of abrasive belt. Through analysis and research to get the wheel of abrasive belt’s profile shape curve meet the forming polishing standard.

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Černý, Michal, Josef Filípek, and Pavel Mazal. "Pitting damage of gears." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020051.

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Presented work combines the knowledge presented in literature and own experimental works concerning characteristics of fatigue damage of cog-wheels. Material damage of the cog-wheel tooth sides at their relative movement is demonstrated in terms of microstructure. Development of damage is described with respect to presence of micro-cracks, their connection to another type of structural discontinuities and lubricant influence. The location of pitting damage is exactly determined on the base of experimental results. The conclusion of the work clearly determines the nature of pitting damage of cog-wheels evoked by fatigue loading, presence of under-surface inclusions and effect of lubricant pressure.

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Gao, Hao, and Huan Yun Dai. "Wheel-Rail Contact Point Calculation of Flexible Wheelset Base on Wheel-Rail Contact Line Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1284.

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Elastic deformation of wheelset should be considered for wheelset dynamic research. In this article, a new wheel-rail contact point searching algorithm that can be used for flexible wheelset simulation was developed based on wheel-rail contact line method. For given position and deformation of wheelset, normal vectors of a point on each rolling circle and its project on rail were calculated to find out possible contact point, which formed wheel-rail contact line. The final contact point was determined by minimum vertical distance of contact line and rail section profile. Rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations of single wheelset were established and dynamic simulation was executed. The impact of wheelset deformation on wheel-rail contact position and creepage were discussed. Comparison of rigid and flexible wheelset results show that the new method gets more accurate contact point position.

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Olusola Joseph Ajayi, Tolulope Sayo Toludare, and Yinusa Daniel Lamidi. "Design and fabrication of potters kick wheel for ceramic wares production." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.6.1.0006.

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An attempted to produce or fabricate a functional kick wheel have failed because some important principles guiding the fabrication of the kick wheel was neglected. Some of these are improper centered wheel head and low rotating force from the fly wheel. In this research, a design was generated in a bid to produce a functional kick wheel for pottery production using a marsonial wood for the skeletal part. The kick wheel was designed in such a way that the fly wheel and the centering can be self-controlled. Low cost of materials, reduced energy, lesser stress and conveniences during operation are all considered in the design principle. From the result of the ceramic ware produced, it was discovered that the machine can produce hollow ware with a well centered base with the advantage of self-reliant, no energy cost and less stress during usage.

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Le, Li Jia, and Liu Yong. "Study on the Serial Design of Chain Wheel of the Roller Chain Based on Pro/E." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.950.

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The roller chain is a kind of flexible transmission with high transmission efficiency, low precision requirement for the manufacture and mount of the base machine. Therefore, the roller chain is widely used in machinery manufacturing. In this paper, we use the man-machine interactive input to set a different parameters to create a different number of chain wheels with different standard pitch diameter and tip diameter by the Pro/Programme and we use the Family table that allows for rapid modeling of chain wheel to improve the design efficiency and quality of parts.

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Okuyama, Shigeki, Akinori Yui, and Takayuki Kitajima. "Grinding Performance of a Grain-Arranged Diamond Wheel against Aluminum Alloys and Ti6Al4V." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.107.

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A grain-arranged diamond wheel was developed and grinding performance of the wheel against aluminum alloys and titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, has been investigated using various kinds of grinding fluid. Mirror finishing of aluminum alloys was successfully performed without grinding burn when emulsion-type grinding fluid with an extreme-pressure additive was used. When oil base lubricants or a fatty acid was supplied using a MQL supply unit, fine finishing could not be done. Mesh size of the grinding wheel had only a minor effect on surface roughness. When Ti6Al4V was ground by the developed wheel, an adhesion of work material on diamond grains occurred causing the finished surface to deteriorate.

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Zhou, Xu Guang, Qiu Sheng Yan, Jue Dai, and Ling Ye Kong. "Characteristic Analysis of Grinding Point Movement in Grinding Aspheric with Arc Envelope Grinding Method." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1202.

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It is an important method to machine revolution aspheric with Arc Envelope Grinding Method（AEGM）. In this article, the relationship between the grinding point of the wheel and its position is analyzed, and motion law of the grinding point is discussed in grinding aspheric. According to motion velocity of the grinding point , the concrete position of severe wear for the wheel can be calculated out theoretically. It is possible to achieve even angular velocity of the grinding point by adjusting the wheel feed rate, so the angular velocity of wheel movement is optimized, which provide confirm base for improving the precision of grinding aspheric.

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Setoyama, Yasuyuki, Ryota Hayashi, Yong Yu, Tetsuya Kinugasa, Koji Yoshida, and Koichi Osuka. "Posture Control of Two Link Torque Unit Manipulator Considering Influence of Viscous Friction on Joints." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 5 (October 20, 2018): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0801.

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In this research, we consider a posture control problem of a planar two-link torque unit manipulator under a viscous friction condition. The torque unit is a module that consists of an electric motor and a reaction wheel. The friction caused by the presence of a viscous environment cannot be ignored in the real system. In this report, we first clarify the relation between the angle of links and the angular momentum of the reaction wheels under the viscous friction condition. Next, we try to control the first link at an arbitrary reference position without taking into consideration the angle of the second link. The angle of the first link can be controlled by changing the viscous friction condition between the first link and the base. Moreover, we attempt to control the second link at an arbitrary reference position by using the residual angular momentum of the reaction wheel at the second link. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method by conducting a verification experiment.

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Wang, Rui, and Youhei Kawamura. "Development of climbing robot for steel bridge inspection." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 4 (June 20, 2016): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-09-2015-0186.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a design of climbing robot with magnetic wheels which can move on the surface of steel bridge. The locomotion concept is based on adapted lightweight magnetic wheel units with relatively high attractive force and friction force. Design/methodology/approach The robot has the main advantages of being compact (352 × – 215 × – 155 mm), lightweight (2.3 kg without battery) and simple mechanical structure. It is not only able to climb vertical walls and follow circumferential paths, but also able to pass complex obstacles such as bolts, steps, convex and concave corners with almost any inclination regarding gravity. By using a servo as a compliant joint, the wheel base can be changed to enable the robot to overcome convex corners. Findings The experiment results show that the climbing robot has a good performance on locomotion, and it is successful in negotiating the complex obstacles. On the other hand, the limitations in locomotion of the robot are also presented. Originality/value Compared with the past researches, the robot shows good performance on overcoming complex obstacles such as concave corners, convex corners, bolts and steps on the steel bridge. Magnetic wheel with the characterization of compact size and lightweight is able to provide bigger adhesion force and friction coefficient.

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Ding, Wen Feng, Jiu Hua Xu, J. B. Lu, Yu Can Fu, Bing Xiao, and Hong Jun Xu. "Brazed CBN Grinding Wheel with Ag-Base Filler Alloy." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.11.

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In this paper, the disadvantages of the current CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) grinding wheels were firstly introduced briefly, for indicating that it was very urgent and important to develop new kinds of grinding wheels with excellent performance to replace the conventional wheels. Then high temperature brazing experiments of monolayer CBN wheels with Ag-Cu-Ti filler alloy were carried out. The result shows that the filler alloy has good wetting capability towards CBN grits. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), as well X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that, just because during brazing titanium atoms in filler alloys segregated preferentially to the surface of the CBN to form Ti-nitride or Ti-boride layer by reaction between titanium atoms and nitride and boron atoms at elevated temperature, strong chemical joining was formed in the interface between CBN grits and filler alloys. Finally, the contrastive grinding experiments were performed between the monolayer brazed CBN grinding wheels and the electroplated ones. The results show that the brazed wheels have more excellent performance than the latter.

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González-Santander, J. L., J. M. Valdés Placeres, and J. M. Isidro. "Exact Solution for the Time-Dependent Temperature Field in Dry Grinding: Application to Segmental Wheels." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/927876.

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We present a closed analytical solution for the time evolution of the temperature field in dry grinding for any time-dependent friction profile between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. We base our solution in the framework of the Samara-Valencia model Skuratov et al., 2007, solving the integral equation posed for the case of dry grinding. We apply our solution to segmental wheels that produce an intermittent friction over the workpiece surface. For the same grinding parameters, we plot the temperature fields of up- and downgrinding, showing that they are quite different from each other.

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Tsung, Tsing Tshih, Yu Chieh Chang, and Tien Li Chen. "Using LOG Method to Measure Errors of Mobile Robots' Location." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.205.

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This paper presents an innovative Method to Measure Errors Of Mobile Robots Location. The innovative method is composed of a Laser pointer with Optical cross mark and a Grid paper (LOG method). The errors of a mobile robots location are included the precision and accuracy of the translation and rotation. Using the measured errors, the performance of a mobile robot can be evaluated. The Mecanum wheel is a conventional wheel with a series of rollers attached to its circumference and can move in any direction. In this research, the three encoders are used on a mobile robot with three Mecanum wheels. The three Mecanum wheels are mounted on the robot round frame as a base of the moving platform. Mecanum wheels are independently powered using three units of precisian gear DC motors and the wheel/motor assemblies were mounted directly to the robot round frame. The slip occurs always by the rollers attached to conventional wheel's circumference. The force modeling and the innovative evaluating system for the precision and accuracy of the translation and rotation is focused on this research. By using a laser pointer with cross optical mark and a sheet of mm grid paper on the mobile robot, a fast and stable testing set up for the precision and accuracy of the translation and rotation is build. Through LOG method, and according certain testing process the precision and accuracy of the translation and rotation of a mobile robot can be fast evaluated and analyzed, respectively. The experiment result shows that the mobile robot moves sideways the distance from 0.25m to1.5m at the speed 1m/s fast, stable and easily to finish. The error of translation and rotation of the mobile robot can be fast determined respectively. And the performance of a mobile robot can be fast evaluated by every run at the stop localization immediately.

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Wang, Xiang, Lu Xiong, and Chi Jin. "A Control Strategy for Slip Regulation Coordinated with Driver Intention." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4045.

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Aiming at improvement of the dynamic performance of in-wheel-drive electric vehicles, an approach to coordinate wheel slip ratio tracking with fulfilling driver’s desired torque is presented. First, an anti-windup PI controller for slip ratio tracking regardless the unknown ground adhesion, is proposed, followed by its stability analysis base on Lyapunov theory. Second, a coordinating logic is designed to guarantee that the slip ratio tracking control engages only when driver’s desired tracking or braking motor torque may cause the wheel to spin or lock. The performance of the control strategy is supported by simulation and experimental results.

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Safarov, D. T., and A. G. Kondrashov. "The method for evaluation errors of automated measurements of base tangent length by three-axis indicator on five-axis CNC machine." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 177 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2021-177-35-43.

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The article provides an overview of studies of various errors in the process of measuring parts with three-coordinate probes on CNC machines. The paper considers a method for estimating systematic and random errors in the process of measuring the length of the base tangent using control maps and probabilistic and statistical methods for processing multiple repeated inputs of a three-coordinate indicator to the measured side surfaces of the wheel teeth. The method is designed to assess the acceptability of the measurement process by technologists and adjusters. The data of experimental estimation of random and systematic errors of measurement of the length of the base tangent on a five-coordinate CNC machine with a three-coordinate indicator of Mahr are presented. The obtained error values for the five-axis machine under study allow us to measure the length of the base tangent for the purposes of periodic monitoring and adjustment of the machine when processing oblique cylindrical wheels with universal disk or end mills

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39

Xalilov, Muxtor, and Rustam Yusupov. "Sprayer for chemical treatment of vineyards and orchards." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404041.

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The authors have developed an improved sprayer for two-way chemical treatment of vineyards and orchards. The research aims to justify the design scheme and parameters of the sprayer. The proposed sprayer is equipped with a centrifugal fan, which directs air flow from the inlet window to two opposite sides. The distributor is designed as a truncated cone with an inlet nozzle on its small base and outlet nozzles equally spaced on its large base and connected to sprayers by flexible hoses of equal length. It is established that the diameter of the centrifugal fan wheel 630 mm, number of fan wheel rotations 1500 r/min, diameters of large and small distributor base as a truncated cone 90 mm and 18 mm respectively, the diameter of each nozzle set on its large base 3 mm, cone height 100 mm, number of atomizers 20 pieces and working liquid pressure in the system 0.40-0.45 MPa is provided a uniform distribution of working liquid.

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40

Syme, Douglas A., Kurt Gamperl, and David R. Jones. "Delayed depolarization of the cog-wheel valve and pulmonary-to-systemic shunting in alligators." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 13 (July 1, 2002): 1843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.13.1843.

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SUMMARYAlligators and other crocodilians have a cog-wheel valve located within the subpulmonary conus, and active closure of this valve during each heart beat can markedly and phasically increase resistance in the pulmonary outflow tract. If this increased resistance causes right ventricular pressure to rise above that in the systemic circuit, right ventricular blood can flow into the left aorta and systemic circulation, an event known as pulmonary-to-systemic shunting. To understand better how this valve is controlled, anaesthetized American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were used to examine the relationships between depolarization of the right ventricle,depolarization/contraction of the cog-wheel valve muscle and the resultant right ventricular, pulmonary artery and systemic pressures. Depolarization swept across the right ventricle from the apex towards the base (near where the cog-wheel valve muscle is located) at a velocity of 91±23 cm s-1 (mean ± S.E.M., N=3). The cog-wheel valve electrocardiogram (ECG) (and thus contraction of the valve) trailed the right ventricular ECG by 248±28 ms (N=3), which was equivalent to 6-35 % of a cardiac cycle. This long interval between right ventricular and valve depolarization suggests a nodal delay at the junction between the base of the right ventricle and the cog-wheel valve. The delay before valve closure determined when the abrupt secondary rise in right ventricular pressure occurred during systole and is likely to strongly influence the amount of blood entering the pulmonary artery and thus to directly control the degree of shunting. Left vagal stimulation (10-50 Hz) reduced the conduction delay between the right ventricle and cog-wheel valve by approximately 20 % and reduced the integrated cog-wheel ECG by 10-20 %. Direct application of acetylcholine (1-2 mg) also reduced the integrated cog-wheel ECG by 10-100 %;however, its effect on the conduction delay was highly variable (-40 to +60%). When the cog-wheel valve muscle was killed by the application of ethanol,the cog-wheel ECG was absent, right ventricular and pulmonary pressures remained low and tracked one another, the secondary rise in right ventricular pressure was abolished and shunting did not occur. This study provides additional, direct evidence that phasic contraction of the cog-wheel valve muscle controls shunting, that nervous and cholinergic stimulation can alter the delay and strength of valve depolarization and that this can affect the propensity to shunt.

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Xiang, Dao Hui, Xin Tao Zhi, Guang Xi Yue, Bo Zhao, and Q. T. Fan. "Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Vibration Dressing Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.260.

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Excellent wheel dressing technology can ensure the ground surface quality effectively. Because precision machining has a strict requirement on the wheel dressing, the wheel dressing with ultrasonic vibration was adopted, and the device of ultrasonic vibration dressing was also designed in this paper. On the base of analysis mechanism of ultrasonic vibration dressing wheel, the grinding experiment was carried out in different dressing conditions. The surface characteristics of ultrasonic dressing wheel and the influence of different dressing parameters on the workpiece surface quality were studied. Furthermore, the optimal dressing parameters have been obtained. The experiment results indicate that the micro cutting edge of grinding wheel distribute sparsely in circumferential directional but densely in axial direction in the condition of ultrasonic dressing, and it is particular characteristic of ultrasonic dressing. When the dressing and grinding conditions are suitable, the workpiece surface roughness can be reduced, but the conditions are not arbitrary. At the same time, the workpiece surface burn can be effectively reduced, even if the larger grinding depth is used during the grinding process.

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42

Posmetev, Valeriy, Mikhail Drapalyuk, Vadim Nikonov, and Viktor Posmetev. "RESULTS OF PROCESS SIMULATION OF FEEDING AND DISTRIBUTING LUBRICANT IN THE FIFTH-WHEEL COUPLING OF HAULING TRACTOR WITH SADDLE TRAILER." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.1/12.

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The necessity of increasing the efficiency of the fifth wheel coupling of hauling tractor with saddle trailer has been substantiated. The analysis of the works of foreign scientists investigating the influence of fifth wheel couplings on the efficiency of functioning of road trains has been carried out. The importance of periodically applying the lubricant recommended by the manufacturer to the rubbing surfaces of the base plate and the saddle of the fifth wheel coupling of hauling tractor has been described. The goal of the work is formulated to determine the optimal number of outlets in the seat for supplying the minimum amount of lubricant that ensures full coverage of the seat surface, as well as long-term retention on it. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model and a computer program based on it have been developed. The schemes of representation in the model of the mounting plate of the hauling tractor and the base plate of the saddle trailer, the interface form with the results of modeling the supply and distribution of lubricant over the rubbing surfaces of the fifth wheel coupling, as well as a diagram of the main input and output parameters of the simulation model are given. The time dependences of the coefficient of lubricant coverage of the mounting plate of the fifth wheel coupling seat with different periodicity of lubricant supply through a variable number of outlet openings are obtained. It was found that the increase in the coefficient of coverage of the mounting plate of the fifth wheel coupling with a lubricant over time occurs according to an exponential law. The optimum number of openings for the lubricant supply is 5-7

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43

Ju, Shen-Haw. "Derailment of trains moving on lead rubber bearing bridges under seismic loads." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 19-20 (January 21, 2020): 1646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320902354.

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This study investigates the derailment of trains moving on bridges with lead rubber bearings. A moving wheel/rail axis element that couples two wheels and rails together is first developed to generate a train finite element model with 12 cars, while the sliding, sticking, and separation modes of the wheels and rails are accurately simulated. The finite element results indicate that the base shear of the bridge with lead rubber bearings is much smaller than that without lead rubber bearings. Similar to the base shear, the train derailment coefficients for the bridge with lead rubber bearings are much smaller than those without lead rubber bearings because yield lead rubber bearings during large seismic loads can change the bridge natural frequency to avoid resonance. For earthquakes with a very long dominant period, the lead rubber bearing effect to reduce the train derailment may not be obvious because the natural period of the bridge due to the full yield of lead rubber bearings can approach the dominant period of the earthquake.

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Li, Yan Bin, Chao Zhang, Chun Liu, and Huan Liu. "Analysis and Improvement for Structure of the Front Frame of XG958 Wheel Loader." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.723.

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The geometric model of the loader frame is directly established by the Pro/E software and imported to ANSYS to create finite element model. By the overall analysis of the front frame in the typical operation conditions, the whole distributions of stress of the front frame of XG958 wheel loader were obtained. Then, base on the distribution of the stress, the local structure of XG958 wheel loader frame was improved and the result was validated.

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Sun, Li, and Yong Chen Liu. "Processing Load Signal on Wheel Loader Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4482.

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To determine fatigue life of Loader transmission and to analyze machine power for different user, the torque loads of wheel loader transmission are tested and calibrated with the method of four sections per cycle. The disturbed signals are filtered by low-passed filter, and anomalous spikes are eliminated with the NSOFT. And contrastively analyzes the disposal effect of signal, then acquires pure random load-time course. It concludes that one Hz of the low-pass filter frequency is suitable, and the test signal is in line with the actual work of Loader. These provide the base for getting load spectrum and virtual test on wheel loader transmission.

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Chen, Chu Wei, and Deng Chuan Cai. "A Wheelchair Design for Topple Prevention." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.561.

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Wheelchairs are an indispensable transportation tool for the aged and for the disabled. Tips and falls are common accidents to current wheelchairs, suggesting wheelchair safety is imperfect. This study thus proposed an anti-tip concept design to improve manual wheelchair safety. The anti-tip wheelchair was ergonomically designed with the following features: (1) diamond pattern wheel alignment enables users to adjust rear-wheel chamber angle and extend the front and rear casters forward and backward respectively to prevent tipping by increasing the base area; (2) adjustable wheel mechanism for indoor and outdoor uses; (3) collinear alignment of the rear-wheel axle and the center of mass in the sagittal plane reduces push frequency and enhances push power; (4) a spring-driven rear caster compression mechanism aids passing over obstacles on the ground; and (5) height adjustable neck rest provides comfort support.

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47

Fischer, Peter M., Teresa Bürge, L. Franz, and R. Feldbacher. "The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2011. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 5 (November 2012): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-05-04.

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The main objective of the excavations of the Late Cypriote city of Hala Sultan Tekke is the investigation and determination of the complete occupational sequence of the pre-12th century levels. The groundpenetrating radar survey (GPR) led to the discovery and excavation of numerous rooms of a large Late Cypriote complex. During the second year of excavations at the site the expedition exposed a third phase of occupation (Stratum 3). A Stratum 2 compound, with extraordinarily wide walls was uncovered in the eastern part of the excavations. Intact vessels include Base-ring I and II, and White Painted VI, and Late Helladic imports. Other wares include: White Painted Pendant/Cross Line Style, Red-on-Black/Red, Bichrome Wheel-made, White Slip I and II, Monochrome, Base-ring I and II, Red Lustrous Wheel-made, White Painted/Plain-White Wheel-made, and White Shaved. Unique discoveries amongst the small finds are a haematite cylinder seal and a stone pendant figurine. The numerous tools related to textile production point to the manufacture of fabric on a larger scale.

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Wright, Jason, S. Sonny Kim, and Bumjoo Kim. "Stiffness and Strength Improvement of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pavement Foundation Using Large-Scale Wheel Test." Infrastructures 5, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5040033.

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Laboratory cyclic plate load tests are commonly used in the assessment of geosynthetic performance in pavement applications due to the repeatability of testing results and the smaller required testing areas than traditional Accelerated Pavement Testing facilities. While the objective of traditional plate load testing procedure is to closely replicate traffic conditions, the reality is that rolling wheel loads produce different stresses in pavement layers than traditional cyclic plate load tests. This two-fold study investigates the differences between the stress response of subgrade soil from a rolling wheel load (replicating rolling traffic conditions) and a unidirectional dynamic load (replicating traditional plate load test procedures) in order to obtain a more realistic stress response of pavement layers from rolling wheel traffic. Ultimately, results show that the testing specimens that experienced rolling wheel loading had an average of 17% higher pressure measurements in the top of the subgrade than vertically loaded (unidirectional dynamic load) specimens. The second segment of this study is used in conjunction with the first to analyze aggregate base material behavior when using a geosynthetic for reinforcement. The study aimed to determine the difference in the post-trafficked strength and stiffness of pavement foundation. A Dynamic Cone Penetrometer and Light Weight Deflectometer were utilized to determine material changes from this trafficking and revealed that all specimens that included a geosynthetic had a higher base stiffness and strength while the specimen with geotextile and geogrid in combination created the highest stiffness and strength after large-scale rolling wheel trafficking.

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Sun, Qing Zhou, Jian Wang, Pu Qing Zhang, Zhong Kui Zhao, and Li Jin. "The Study of the Appropriate Reclamation Method for the Complete Reclamation of the Used Clay Sand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.7.

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The paper studies the process adaptability of the complete reclamation for the used clay sand by countercurrent rotor reclamation, grinding wheel reclamation, air flow reclamation, and vibration reclamation, and found the complete reclamation process of the used clay sand by high temperature baking, reclamation and micro powder separation. Compared with the base sand, the completely reclaimed clay sand obtained by using countercurrent rotor reclaimer, grinding wheel reclaimer and air flow reclaimer has no change of the granularity distribution, lower mud content and higher acid demand value. And the use of vibration reclaimer can only obtain the incompletely reclaimed clay sand that has no change of granularity distribution and high mud content and acid demand value compared with the base sand.

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Yu, Tian Biao, Hu Li, Jian Yu Yang, and Wan Shan Wang. "Study on the Ultrahigh Speed Grinding of Superhard Materials with Squeeze Film Damping Technology." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2369.

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In order to further improve machining quality of superhard materials, it was presented that adds a squeeze film damper on the wheel spindle of ultrahigh speed grinder as a assistant elastic sustain to attenuate the vibration of the wheel spindle. Work principle of squeeze film damper was analyzed; the squeeze film pressure distribution was researched through simulation and damper parameters effect on damping coefficient was studied. Base on the theory research the damper was designed and experiments was done. Experimental result shows the amplitude of the grinding wheel spindle can be reduced 20% and machining quality of superhard materials can be improved 10%～20%. Research works provides a new method for superhard materials machining.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wheel base'

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