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Journal articles on the topic 'White African American men Men'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Assari, Shervin, Susan D. Cochran, and Vickie M. Mays. "Money Protects White but Not African American Men against Discrimination: Comparison of African American and White Men in the Same Geographic Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052706.

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To compare African American (AA) and non-Hispanic White men living in same residential areas for the associations between educational attainment and household income with perceived discrimination (PD). The National Survey of American Life (NSAL), a nationally representative study, included 1643 men who were either African American (n = 1271) or non-Hispanic White (n = 372). We compared the associations between the two race groups using linear regression. In the total sample, high household income was significantly associated with lower levels of PD. There were interactions between race and household income, suggesting that the association between household income and PD significantly differs for African American and non-Hispanic White men. For non-Hispanic White men, household income was inversely associated with PD. For African American men, however, household income was not related to PD. While higher income offers greater protection for non-Hispanic White men against PD, African American men perceive higher levels of discrimination compared to White males, regardless of income levels. Understanding the role this similar but unequal experience plays in the physical and mental health of African American men is worth exploring. Additionally, developing an enhanced understanding of the drivers for high-income African American men’s cognitive appraisal of discrimination may be useful in anticipating and addressing the health impacts of that discrimination. Equally important to discerning how social determinants work in high-income African American men’s physical and mental health may be investigating the impact of the mental health and wellbeing of deferment based on perceived discrimination of dreams and aspirations associated with achieving high levels of education and income attainment of Black men.
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2

Heffernan, Kevin S., Sae Young Jae, Victoria J. Vieira, Gary A. Iwamoto, Kenneth R. Wilund, Jeffrey A. Woods, and Bo Fernhall. "C-reactive protein and cardiac vagal activity following resistance exercise training in young African-American and white men." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 4 (April 2009): R1098—R1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90936.2008.

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African Americans have a greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared with white Americans, and both autonomic dysregulation and inflammation have been implicated in the etiology of these disease states. The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiac autonomic and systemic inflammatory response to resistance training in young African-American and white men. Linear (time and frequency domain) and nonlinear (sample entropy) heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, tonic and reflex vagal activity, and postexercise heart rate recovery were used to assess cardiac vagal modulation. C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count were used as inflammatory markers. Twenty two white and 19 African-American men completed 6 wk of resistance training followed by 4 wk of exercise detraining (Post 2). Sample entropy, tonic and reflex vagal activity, and heart rate recovery were increased in white and African-American men following resistance training ( P < 0.05). Following detraining (Post 2), sample entropy, tonic and reflex vagal activity, and heart rate recovery returned to baseline values in white men but remained above baseline in African-American men. While there were no changes in white blood cell count or CRP in white men, these inflammatory markers decreased in African-American men following resistance training, with reductions being maintained following detraining ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, resistance training improves cardiac autonomic function and reduces inflammation in African-American men, and these adaptations remained after the cessation of training. Resistance training may be an important lifestyle modification for improving cardiac autonomic health and reducing inflammation in young African-American men.
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3

Shelbourne, K. Donald, Tinker Gray, and Rodney W. Benner. "Intercondylar Notch Width Measurement Differences between African American and White Men and Women with Intact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Knees." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 8 (August 2007): 1304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507300060.

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Background A recent report of professional women's basketball found that white European American female players were 6.5 times more likely to tear their anterior cruciate ligament than their nonwhite European American counterparts. African Americans accounted for 95% of the nonwhite European American group. Hypothesis African American men and women have wider intercondylar notches than white men and women. Study Design Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods We obtained 45° flexed weightbearing posteroanterior radiographs on 517 patients who had knee problems other than an anterior cruciate ligament injury or arthrosis. One experienced observer measured the intercondylar notch width with no knowledge of race or gender, and the measurements were analyzed based on race and gender. Results The mean intercondylar notch width was 15.5 mm (SD = 2.8; range, 9-22) for African American women and 14.1 mm (SD = 2.5; range, 8-21) for white women; this difference was statistically significant (P = .009). Similarly, the mean intercondylar notch width was 18.0 mm (SD = 3.6; range, 10-27) for African American men and 16.9 mm (SD = 3.1; range, 9-27) for white men; these values were statistically significantly different (P = .003). Conclusion We conclude that African Americans have statistically significantly wider intercondylar notch widths on 45° flexed weightbearing posteroanterior radiographs than whites of the same gender. This relationship may offer an explanation for the difference between races with regard to risk of anterior cruciate ligament tears.
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4

Hoffnar, Emily, and Michael Greene. "Residential Location and the Earnings of African American Women." Review of Black Political Economy 23, no. 3 (March 1995): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689994.

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In comparing the earnings of African American women to three reference groups—white women, African American men, and white men—three principal findings emerge. First, African American women residing in the suburbs are worse off than any other suburban group. Second, central city African American women are worse off than any other group of central city residents. Third, while central city residence imposes a statistically significant earnings penalty on men of both races, no such penalty is found for African American or white women. Therefore, African American women will enjoy no earnings advantage if they move to the suburbs. This finding underscores the importance of including women in studies of residential location and the socioeconomic status of African Americans. A narrow focus on male data to inform policy is clearly insufficient.
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5

Banerjee, Mousumi, Isaac J. Powell, Julie George, Debjit Biswas, Fernando Bianco, and Richard K. Severson. "Prostate specific antigen progression after radical prostatectomy in African-American men versus White men." Cancer 94, no. 10 (May 14, 2002): 2577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10535.

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6

Mincey, Krista, Moya Alfonso, Amy Hackney, and John Luque. "Understanding Masculinity in Undergraduate African American Men." American Journal of Men's Health 8, no. 5 (December 18, 2013): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988313515900.

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This study reports findings on views of masculinity with undergraduate Black men, which included interviews and focus groups ( N = 46) with participants ranging in age from 18 to 22 years. Specifically, this study explored how Black men define being a man and being a Black man. Undergraduate Black males at a historically Black college and university ( N = 25) and a predominately White institution ( N = 21) in the Southeastern United States were recruited to participate in this study. Through the use of thematic analysis, findings indicated that three levels of masculinity exist for Black men: what it means to be a man, what it means to be a Black man, and who influences male development. Implications and recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.
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7

Thorpe, Roland J., Janice V. Bowie, Shondelle M. Wilson-Frederick, Kisha I. Coa, and Thomas A. LaVeist. "Association Between Race, Place, and Preventive Health Screenings Among Men." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 3 (November 26, 2012): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312466910.

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African American men consistently report poorer health and have lower participation rates in preventive screening tests than White men. This finding is generally attributed to race differences in access to care, which may be a consequence of the different health care markets in which African American and White men typically live. This proposition is tested by assessing race differences in use of preventive screenings among African American and White men residing within the same health care marketplace. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between race and physical, dental, eye and foot examinations, blood pressure and cholesterol checks, and colon and prostate cancer screenings in men in the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities in Southwest Baltimore Study. After adjusting for covariates, African American men had greater odds of having had a physical, dental, and eye examination; having had their blood pressure and cholesterol checked; and having been screened for colon and prostate cancer than White men. No race differences in having a foot examination were observed. Contrary to most findings, African American men had a higher participation rate in preventive screenings than White men. This underscores the importance of accounting for social context in public health campaigns targeting preventive screenings in men.
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8

Burr, Jeffrey A., Michael P. Massagli, Jan E. Mutchler, and Amy M. Pienta. "Labor Force Transitions among Older African American and White Men." Social Forces 74, no. 3 (March 1996): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580388.

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9

Klag, Michael J. "End-stage Renal Disease in African-American and White Men." JAMA 277, no. 16 (April 23, 1997): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540400043029.

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Burr, J. A., M. P. Massagli, J. E. Mutchler, and A. M. Pienta. "Labor Force Transitions among Older African American and White Men." Social Forces 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 963–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/74.3.963.

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11

Lease, Suzanne H., Ashley B. Hampton, Kristie M. Fleming, Linda R. Baggett, Sarah H. Montes, and R. John Sawyer. "Masculinity and interpersonal competencies: Contrasting White and African American men." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 11, no. 3 (July 2010): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018092.

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12

Beatty Moody, Danielle L., Shari R. Waldstein, Daniel K. Leibel, Lori S. Hoggard, Gilbert C. Gee, Jason J. Ashe, Elizabeth Brondolo, Elias Al-Najjar, Michele K. Evans, and Alan B. Zonderman. "Race and other sociodemographic categories are differentially linked to multiple dimensions of interpersonal-level discrimination: Implications for intersectional, health research." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251174.

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Objectives To examine whether intersections of race with other key sociodemographic categories contribute to variations in multiple dimensions of race- and non-race-related, interpersonal-level discrimination and burden in urban-dwelling African Americans and Whites. Methods Data from 2,958 participants aged 30–64 in the population-based Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used to estimate up to four-way interactions of race, age, gender, and poverty status with reports of racial and everyday discrimination, discrimination across multiple social statuses, and related lifetime discrimination burden in multiple regression models. Results We observed that: 1) African Americans experienced all forms of discrimination more frequently than Whites, but this finding was qualified by interactions of race with age, gender, and/or poverty status; 2) older African Americans, particularly African American men, and African American men living in poverty reported the greatest lifetime discrimination burden; 3) older African Americans reported greater racial discrimination and greater frequency of multiple social status-based discrimination than younger African Americans; 4) African American men reported greater racial and everyday discrimination and a greater frequency of social status discrimination than African American women; and, 5) White women reported greater frequency of discrimination than White men. All p’s < .05. Conclusions Within African Americans, older, male individuals with lower SES experienced greater racial, lifetime, and multiple social status-based discrimination, but this pattern was not observed in Whites. Among Whites, women reported greater frequency of discrimination across multiple social statuses and other factors (i.e., gender, income, appearance, and health status) than men. Efforts to reduce discrimination-related health disparities should concurrently assess dimensions of interpersonal-level discrimination across multiple sociodemographic categories, while simultaneously considering the broader socioecological context shaping these factors.
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13

Moses, Kelvin A., Alan T. Paciorek, David F. Penson, Peter R. Carroll, and Viraj A. Master. "Impact of Ethnicity on Primary Treatment Choice and Mortality in Men With Prostate Cancer: Data From CaPSURE." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 6 (February 20, 2010): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.26.2469.

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Purpose Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have multiple options available for treatment. Previous reports have indicated a trend of differing modalities of treatment chosen by African American and white men. We investigated the role of ethnicity in primary treatment choice and how this affected overall and cancer-specific mortality. Methods By utilizing data abstracted from Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE), patients were compared by ethnicity, primary treatment, number of comorbidities, risk level according to modified D'Amico criteria, age, highest educational level attained, type of insurance, treatment facility, and perception of general health. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of the tested variables on primary treatment and mortality. Results African American men were more likely to receive nonsurgical therapy than white men with equivalent disease characteristics. Whites were 48% less likely than African Americans to receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared with surgery (P = .02) and were 25% less likely than African Americans to receive radiation therapy compared with surgery (P = .08). Whites with low-risk disease were 71% less likely to receive ADT than African American men with similar disease (P = .01). Adjusted overall and prostate cancer–specific mortality were not significantly different between whites and African Americans (hazard ratios, 0.73 and 0.37, respectively). Risk level, type of treatment, and type of insurance had the strongest effects on risk of mortality. Conclusion There is a statistically significant difference in primary treatment for prostate cancer between African American and white men with similar risk profiles. Additional research on the influence of patient/physician education and perception and the role that socioeconomic factors play in mortality from prostate cancer may be areas of focus for public health initiatives.
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Sanchez-Ortiz, Ricardo F., Patricia Troncoso, Richard J. Babaian, Josep Lloreta, Dennis A. Johnston, and Curtis A. Pettaway. "African-American men with nonpalpable prostate cancer exhibit greater tumor volume than matched white men." Cancer 107, no. 1 (2006): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21954.

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15

Greif, Geoffrey L. "Understanding Older Men and Their Male Friendships: A Comparison of African American and White Men." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 52, no. 6 (July 21, 2009): 618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01634370902914711.

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16

Cross, Chaundre K., Delray Shultz, S. Bruce Malkowicz, William C. Huang, Richard Whittington, John E. Tomaszewski, Andrew A. Renshaw, Jerome P. Richie, and Anthony V. D’Amico. "Impact of Race on Prostate-Specific Antigen Outcome After Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 12 (June 15, 2002): 2863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.11.054.

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PURPOSE: To compare prostate-specific antigen (PSA) outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer in African-American and white men using previously established risk groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2000, 2,036 men (n = 162 African-American men, n = 1,874 white men) underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. Using pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, clinical T stage, and percentage of positive biopsy specimens, patients were stratified into low- and high-risk groups. For each risk group, PSA outcome was estimated using the actuarial method of Kaplan and Meier. Comparisons of PSA outcome between African-American and white men were made using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median age and PSA level for African-American and white men were 60 and 62 years old and 8.8 and 7.0 ng/mL, respectively. African-Americans had a statistically significant increase in PSA (P = .002), Gleason score (P = .003), clinical T stage (P = .004), and percentage of positive biopsy specimens (P = .04) at presentation. However, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of PSA, clinical T stage, or Gleason score between racial groups in the low- and high-risk groups. The 5-year estimate of PSA outcome was 87% in the low-risk group for all patients (P = .70) and 28% versus 32% in African-American and white patients in the high-risk group (P = .28), respectively. Longer follow-up is required to confirm if these results are maintained at 10 years. CONCLUSION: Even though African-American men presented at a younger age and with more advanced disease compared with white men with prostate cancer, PSA outcome after RP when controlled for known clinical predictive factors was not statistically different. This study supports earlier screening in African-American men.
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Heffernan, Kevin S., Sae Young Jae, Kenneth R. Wilund, Jeffrey A. Woods, and Bo Fernhall. "Racial differences in central blood pressure and vascular function in young men." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 6 (December 2008): H2380—H2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00902.2008.

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Young African-American men have altered macrovascular and microvascular function. In this cross-sectional study, we tested the hypothesis that vascular dysfunction in young African-American men would contribute to greater central blood pressure (BP) compared with young white men. Fifty-five young (23 yr), healthy men (25 African-American and 30 white) underwent measures of vascular structure and function, including carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid artery β-stiffness via ultrasonography, aortic pulse wave velocity, aortic augmentation index (AIx), and wave reflection travel time (Tr) via radial artery tonometery and a generalized transfer function, and microvascular vasodilatory capacity of forearm resistance arteries with strain-gauge plethysmography. African-American men had similar brachial systolic BP (SBP) but greater aortic SBP ( P < 0.05) and carotid SBP ( P < 0.05). African-American men also had greater carotid IMT, greater carotid β-stiffness, greater aortic stiffness and AIx, reduced aortic Tr and reduced peak hyperemic, and total hyperemic forearm blood flow compared with white men ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, young African-American men have greater central BP, despite comparable brachial BP, compared with young white men. Diffuse macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction manifesting as carotid hypertrophy, increased stiffness of central elastic arteries, heightened resistance artery constriction/blunted resistance artery dilation, and greater arterial wave reflection are present at a young age in apparently healthy African-American men, and conventional brachial BP measurement does not reflect this vascular burden.
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Assari, Shervin, and Maryam Moghani Lankarani. "Workplace Racial Composition Explains High Perceived Discrimination of High Socioeconomic Status African American Men." Brain Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8080139.

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Background: Sociological and epidemiological literature have both shown that socioeconomic status (SES) protects populations and individuals against health problems. Recent research, however, has shown that African Americans gain less from their SES and African Americans of high SES, particularly males, may be vulnerable to perceived discrimination, as explained by the Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory. One potential mechanism for this phenomenon is that high SES African Americans have a higher tendency to work in predominantly White workplaces, which increases their perceived discrimination. It is, however, unknown if the links between SES, working in predominantly White work groups and perceived discrimination differ for male and female African Americans. Aim: To test the associations between SES, workplace racial composition and perceived discrimination in a nationally representative sample of male and female African American adults. Methods. This study included a total number of 1775 employed African American adults who were either male (n = 676) or female (n = 1099), all enrolled from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). The study measured gender, age, SES (educational attainment and household income), workplace racial composition and perceived discrimination. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied in the overall sample and also by gender. Results: In the pooled sample that included both genders, high education and household income were associated with working in a predominantly White work group, which was in turn associated with more perceived discrimination. We did not find gender differences in the associations between SES, workplace racial composition and perceived discrimination. Conclusion: Although racial composition of workplace may be a mechanism by which high SES increases discriminatory experiences for African Americans, males and females may not differ in this regard. Policies are needed to reduce discrimination in racially diverse workplaces. This is particularly the case for African Americans who work in predominantly White work environments.
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Klebaner, Daniella, Patrick Travis Courtney, and Brent S. Rose. "Effect of healthcare system on prostate cancer-specific mortality in African American and non-Hispanic white men." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.23.

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23 Background: Disparities in prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) between African American and non-Hispanic White (White) patients have been attributed to biological differences; however, recent data suggest poorer outcomes may be related to barriers to medical care from the healthcare system in which patients receive care. We sought to evaluate potential drivers of disparities by comparing outcomes between African American and White men in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) national cancer registry and a relatively equal-access healthcare system, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Methods: We identified African American and White patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004-2015 in the SEER and VHA databases. We analyzed metastatic disease at diagnosis with multivariable logistic regression, and PCSM with cumulative incidence analysis and sequential competing-risks regression adjusting for disease and sociodemographic factors. Results: The SEER cohort included 306,609 men (57,994 [18.9%] African American and 248,615 [81.1%] White) with a median follow-up of 5.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 2.6-8.1 years), and the VHA cohort included 90,749 men (27,412 [30.2%] African American and 63,337 [69.8%] White) with a median follow-up of 4.7 years (IQR 2.4-7.6 years). In SEER, African American men were significantly more likely to present with metastatic disease (African American 4.3% versus White 3.0%, p< 0.001; multivariable odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.32, p< 0.001), whereas in the VHA, African American men were not significantly more likely to present with metastatic disease (African-American 3.2% versus White 3.3%, p= 0.26; multivariable OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98-1.17, p= 0.12). In SEER, the 8-year cumulative incidence of PCSM was significantly higher for African American compared with White men (6.9% versus 5.1%, p< 0.001), whereas in the VHA, African American compared with White men did not have a significantly higher 8-year cumulative incidence of PCSM (5.5% versus 5.4%, p= 0.93). African American race was significantly associated with an increased risk of PCSM in SEER (univariable subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.33-1.45, p< 0.001), but was not significantly associated with PCSM on uni- and multivariable regression in the VHA. When adjusted for disease characteristics at diagnosis in SEER, disease extent, PSA, and Gleason score contributed to 85% of the risk of PCSM for African American men (adjusted SHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.12, p= 0.008). Conclusions: Racial disparities in PCSM were present in a national cohort, SEER, but not as pronounced in a relatively equal-access healthcare system, the VHA, potentially due to differences in metastatic disease at diagnosis among African American and White men between cohorts. These findings may be attributable to reduced barriers to care in the VHA.
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Su, Dejun, Jim P. Stimpson, and Fernando A. Wilson. "Racial Disparities in Mortality Among Middle-Aged and Older Men." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 4 (June 24, 2014): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314540199.

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Based on longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, this study assesses the importance of marital status in explaining racial disparities in all-cause mortality during an 18-year follow-up among White and African American men aged 51 to 61 years in 1992. Being married was associated with significant advantages in household income, health behaviors, and self-rated health. These advantages associated with marriage at baseline also got translated into better survival chance for married men during the 1992-2010 follow-up. Both marital selection and marital protection were relevant in explaining the mortality advantages associated with marriage. After adjusting for the effect of selected variables on premarital socioeconomic status and health, about 28% of the mortality gap between White and African American men in the Health and Retirement Study can be explained by the relatively low rates of marriage among African American men. Addressing the historically low rates of marriage among African Americans and their contributing factors becomes important for reducing racial disparities in men’s mortality.
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Sridhar, Gayathri, Saba W. Masho, Tilahun Adera, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, and John D. Roberts. "Do African American Men Have Lower Survival From Prostate Cancer Compared With White Men? A Meta-analysis." American Journal of Men's Health 4, no. 3 (May 18, 2010): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309353934.

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Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between race and survival from prostate cancer. A systematic review of articles published from 1968 to 2007 assessing survival from prostate cancer was conducted. Analysis of unadjusted studies reported that African American men have an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-1.65, p < .001). However, examination of adjusted studies identified no difference (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.94-1.22, p = .308). No statistically significant difference was observed in prostate cancer—specific survival in both analyses using unadjusted (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.94-1.31, p = .209) and adjusted studies (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.95-1.41, p = .157). This meta-analysis concludes that there are no racial differences in the overall and prostate cancer—specific survival between African American and White men.
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22

Clay, PhD, Olivio J., Roland J. Thorpe, Jr., PhD, Larrell L. Wilkinson, PhD, Eric P. Plaisance, PhD, Michael Crowe, PhD, Patricia Sawyer, PhD, and Cynthia J. Brown, MD, MSPH. "An Examination of Lower Extremity Function and Its Correlates in Older African American and White Men." Ethnicity & Disease 25, no. 3 (August 5, 2015): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.25.3.271.

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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Maintaining functional status and reducing/eliminating health disparities in late life are key priorities. Older African Americans have been found to have worse lower extremity functioning than Whites, but little is known about potential differences in correlates between African American and White men. The goal of this investigation was to examine measures that could explain this racial difference and to identify race-specific correlates of lower extremity function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were analyzed for a sample of community-dwelling men. Linear regres­sion models examined demographics, medical conditions, health behaviors, and perceived discrimination and mental health as correlates of an objective measure of lower extremity function, the Short Physi­cal Performance Battery (SPPB). Scores on the SPPB have a potential range of 0 to 12 with higher scores corresponding to better functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of all men was 74.9 years (SD=6.5), and the sample was 50% African American and 53% rural. African American men had scores on the SPPB that were significantly lower than White men after adjusting for age, rural residence, marital status, education, and income dif­ficulty (<em>P</em>&lt;.01). Racial differences in cognitive functioning accounted for approximately 41% of the race effect on physical function. Additional models stratified by race revealed a pattern of similar correlates of the SPPB among African American and White men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this investigation can be helpful for researchers and clinicians to aid in identifying older men who are at-risk for poor lower extremity function and in planning targeted interventions to help reduce disparities. <em>Ethn Dis.</em>2015;25(3):271- 278.</p>
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Powell, Isaac J., Mousumi Banerjee, Wael Sakr, David Grignon, David P. Wood, Mary Novallo, and Edson Pontes. "Should African-American men be tested for prostate carcinoma at an earlier age than white men?" Cancer 85, no. 2 (January 15, 1999): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990115)85:2<472::aid-cncr27>3.0.co;2-0.

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24

Goode-Cross, David T., and Glenn E. Good. "Managing multiple-minority identities: African American men who have sex with men at predominately white universities." Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 2, no. 2 (2009): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015780.

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Marks, Leonard S., David L. Hess, Frederick J. Dorey, and Maria L. Macairan. "Prostatic tissue testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in African-American and white men." Urology 68, no. 2 (August 2006): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2006.03.013.

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Montgomery, Michael, Janet M. Fuller, and Sharon DeMarse. "“The black men has wives and Sweet harts [and third person plural -s] Jest like the white men”: Evidence for verbal -s from written documents on 19th-century African American speech." Language Variation and Change 5, no. 3 (October 1993): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001538.

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ABSTRACTThe analysis of letters written by 19th-century African Americans shows constraints on verbal -s marking which parallel those found in the writing of Scotch-Irish immigrants in the same time period and region, specifically a subject type constraint and a proximity to subject constraint. This correlation is highly suggestive for the study of the development of African American Vernacular English (AAVE). This study finds no support for a basis from a creole or from Standard English for AAVE in verbal concord and concludes that some, perhaps many, African Americans used varieties of English with little or no creole influence. Earlier studies have assumed that standard dialects of English constituted the superstrate in colonial and antebellum America; this analysis makes it clear that we must examine the features of the local varieties, black and white, before making any claims about the influences of language contact on a given variety. Further, the consistent patterns of inflections found in this study show that written documents, in particular letters written by semiliterate African Americans, are a good source for further linguistic study of 19th-century language.
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Taylor, Harry Owen, and Robert Joseph Taylor. "Interpersonal and Structural Social Isolation among African American and Black Caribbean Men." International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health 3, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): e1-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v3i2.33.

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Social relationships are important for promoting health and well-being in men and confer many benefits that help prevent the onset and mitigate adverse impacts of disease and disability. Social isolation, or the absence of social relationships, is associated with a wide range of negative health outcomes; however, most studies of social isolation have been conducted among predominantly White samples. As a consequence, we know very little about social isolation among Black men. Using an intersectionality framework, this study examines the prevalence and correlates of social isolation among men who identify as African Americanor Black Caribbean.Data come from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), a nationally representative sample ofAfrican Americans, Black Caribbeans, and Whites living in the United States. The current study focuses on men who identified as African American or Black Caribbean. Further, within this sample, we distinguish by ethnicity and nativity in examining Black men who are African American (native to the U.S.), U.S.-born Black Caribbean men, and foreign-born Black Caribbean men. Social isolation was operationalized using two constructs: interpersonal isolation and structural isolation. The analyses adjusted for age, education, income, marital status, and region. We conducted a series of Poisson regressions to determine: (1) ethnic differences in interpersonal and structural social isolation and (2) ethnic-specific correlates of interpersonal and structural social isolation among Black men. All analyses accounted for the complex study design of the NSAL.There were no significant ethnic differences among Black men for interpersonal isolation. However, U.S. born Black Caribbean men had higher rates of structural social isolation compared to African American men and foreign-born Black Caribbean men. There were very few differences in the correlates of interpersonal isolation among Black men regardless of ethnicity. However, in terms of structural isolation, African American men had more significant correlates in comparison to U.S. born Black Caribbean men and foreign-born Black Caribbean men.
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Beutler, Ernest, and Carol West. "Hematologic differences between African-Americans and whites: the roles of iron deficiency and α-thalassemia on hemoglobin levels and mean corpuscular volume." Blood 106, no. 2 (July 15, 2005): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-02-0713.

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Abstract The average results of some laboratory measurements, including the hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum transferrin saturation (TS), serum ferritin, and white blood cell count of African-Americans differ from those of whites. Anonymized samples and laboratory data from 1491 African-American and 31 005 white subjects, approximately equally divided between men and women, were analyzed. The hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, TS, and white blood cell counts of African-Americans were lower than those of whites; serum ferritin levels were higher. When iron-deficient patients were eliminated from consideration the differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and MCV among women were slightly less. The -3.7-kilobase α-thalassemia deletion accounted for about one third of the difference in the hemoglobin levels of African-Americans and whites and neither sickle trait nor elevated creatinine levels had an effect. Among all subjects, 19.8% of African-American women would have been classified as “anemic” compared with 5.3% of whites. Among men, the figures were 17.7% and 7.6%. Without iron-deficient or thalassemic subjects, the difference had narrowed to 6.1% and 2.77% and to 4.29% and 3.6%, respectively. Physicians need to take into account that the same reference standards for hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and TS and the white blood cell count do not apply to all ethnic groups. (Blood. 2005;106:740-745)
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Lu-Yao, Grace L., Dirk Moore, Yong Lin, Kitaw Demissie, Weichung Shih, Peter C. Albertsen, Robert S. DiPaola, and Siu-Long Yao. "Racial differences in survival outcomes among men with localized prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2013): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.98.

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98 Background: This study addresses whether the recent favorable survival trends observed among contemporary prostate cancer patients can be extended to African American men who have historically suffered excess prostate cancer mortality. Methods: The study cohort consisted of men over age 65, who resided in the SEER catchment area and were diagnosed with T1-T2 prostate cancer (ICD-O-3 code C61.9) during the period 1992-2005. In order to quantify race-specific prostate cancer mortality, separate competing risk models were fit separately for Whites and Blacks. Results: This study includes 35,509 white men and 5,256 black men who received conservative management for localized prostate cancer. The median age of the patients is 76 years at diagnosis and the median follow-up is 106 months. Overall, African Americans have slightly higher adjusted prostate cancer mortality than Whites (hazard ratio [HR] =1.16; 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 1.03 – 1.29). The racial difference was more pronounced in men with moderately differentiated cancer (HR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05 – 1.45), compared to poorly differentiated cancer (HR=1.00, 95% C.I. 0.85 – 1.18). Further analyses by comorbidity status and income level revealed that African Americans and Whites have similar excellent prostate cancer survival if they lived in areas with incomes above the median. Conclusions: African Americans diagnosed in the contemporary PSA era have similarly excellent survival outcomes as their white counterparts if they lived in areas with incomes above the median. Further studies should be conducted to confirm these findings and assess care and health habits that may improve cancer control and outcomes among African Americans.
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Anderson, Susan D. "“Latter-Day Slavery”." California History 97, no. 4 (2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.4.137.

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My research highlights little-known aspects of African American participation in the mobilization on behalf of women’s suffrage in California, an issue of vital importance to African Americans. The history of suffrage in the United States is marked by varying degrees of denial of voting rights to African Americans. In California, African Americans were pivotal participants in three major suffrage campaigns. Based on black women’s support for the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted black men the right to vote, black men and women formed a critical political alliance, one in which black men almost universally supported black women’s suffrage. Black women began and continued their activism on behalf of male and female voting rights, not as an extension of white-led suffrage campaigns, but as an expression of African American political culture. African Americans—including black women suffragists—developed their own political culture, in part, to associate with those of similar culture and life experiences, but also because white-led suffrage organizations excluded black members. Black politics in California reflected African Americans’ confidence in black women as political actors and their faith in their own independent efforts to secure the franchise for both black men and women.
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Anderson, Susan D. "“Latter-Day Slavery”." California History 97, no. 4 (2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.4.137.

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My research highlights little-known aspects of African American participation in the mobilization on behalf of women’s suffrage in California, an issue of vital importance to African Americans. The history of suffrage in the United States is marked by varying degrees of denial of voting rights to African Americans. In California, African Americans were pivotal participants in three major suffrage campaigns. Based on black women’s support for the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted black men the right to vote, black men and women formed a critical political alliance, one in which black men almost universally supported black women’s suffrage. Black women began and continued their activism on behalf of male and female voting rights, not as an extension of white-led suffrage campaigns, but as an expression of African American political culture. African Americans—including black women suffragists—developed their own political culture, in part, to associate with those of similar culture and life experiences, but also because white-led suffrage organizations excluded black members. Black politics in California reflected African Americans’ confidence in black women as political actors and their faith in their own independent efforts to secure the franchise for both black men and women.
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32

Porch, Tichelle C., Caryn N. Bell, Janice V. Bowie, Therri Usher, Elizabeth A. Kelly, Thomas A. LaVeist, and Roland J. Thorpe. "The Role of Marital Status in Physical Activity Among African American and White Men." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 6 (July 8, 2016): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315576936.

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Racial differences in physical activity among men are well documented; however, little is known about the impact of marital status on this relationship. Data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 was used to determine whether the association of race and physical activity among men varied by marital status. Marital status was divided into two categories: married and unmarried. Physical activity was determined by the number of minutes per week a respondent engaged in household/yard work, moderate and vigorous activity, or transportation (bicycling and walking) over the past 30 days. The sample included 7,131 African American (29%) and White(71%) men aged 18 years and older. All models were estimated using logistic regression. Because the interaction term of race and marital status was statistically significant ( p < .001), the relationship between race, physical activity, and marital status was examined using a variable that reflects the different levels of the interaction term. After adjusting for age, income, education, weight status, smoking status, and self-rated health, African American married men had lower odds (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval = [0.46-0.61], p < .001) of meeting federal physical activity guidelines compared with White married men. Possible dissimilarities in financial and social responsibilities may contribute to the racial differences observed in physical activity among African American and White married men.
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33

Kubricht, William S., B. Jill Williams, Terence Whatley, Patricia Pinckard, and James A. Eastham. "Serum testosterone levels in African-American and white men undergoing prostate biopsy." Urology 54, no. 6 (December 1999): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00290-3.

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34

Gordon, Brittaney‐Belle E., Ramsankar Basak, William R. Carpenter, Deborah Usinger, Paul A. Godley, and Ronald C. Chen. "Factors influencing prostate cancer treatment decisions for African American and white men." Cancer 125, no. 10 (January 29, 2019): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31932.

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35

Taylor, Allen J., Holly Wu, Jody Bindeman, Kelly Bauer, Carole Byrd, Patrick G. O'Malley, and Irwin Feuerstein. "Comparison of coronary artery calcium progression in African American and white men." Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 3, no. 2 (March 2009): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2008.12.009.

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36

Chapagain, Rajendra Prasad. "African American Women, Racism and Triple Oppression." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v1i1.34615.

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African American women have been made multiple victims: racial discrimination by the white community and sexual repression by black males of their own community. They have been subjected to both kind of discrimination - racism and sexism. It is common experience of black American women. Black American women do have their own peculiar world and experiences unlike any white or black men and white women. They have to fight not only against white patriarchy and white women's racism but also against sexism of black men within their own race. To be black and female is to suffer from the triple oppression- sexism, racism and classicism.
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37

Opatt, D. M., M. Morrow, and M. Daly. "The incidence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants of unknown significance varies in different ethnic populations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10002.

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10002 Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the general population are rare. Women with these mutations have a significantly increased risk of invasive breast and ovarian cancer (65–85% and 15–65% cumulative lifetime risk, respectively). Variants of unknown significance (VUS), which are of uncertain clinical importance, account for up to 50% of all identified BRCA1 and BRCA2 sequence alterations1. Methods: Pooled data from all patients presenting to Fox Chase Cancer Center for genetic counseling was examined. Patients underwent genetic testing after detailed genetic counseling. Clinical data, including gender, ethnic background, and personal history of cancer, and total number of patients tested were collected. Results: A total of 1,765 women and 236 men underwent genetic testing. The distribution of ethnicity was: <1% Asian, 2.7% African American, <1% Hispanic, 2.4% other or of more than one ethnicity, 83% White, and 11% unknown. Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were seen in 13% of the women and 2.7% of the men. VUS were seen in 6.2% of the women and .15% of the men. Of the women positive for a VUS, 2.4% were Asian, 18.1% were African American, 5.5% were Hispanic, 4.7% were more than one ethnicity, 66.9% were White, and 2.4% were Unknown ethnicity. Only .15% of the men tested were positive for a VUS, all of whom were White. Of the 51 African American women tested, 45.1% were positive for a VUS while only 5.5% of the 1,503 White women tested were positive (p<0.0001). Of the females testing positive for a VUS, a personal history of breast cancer was seen in 66.7% of Asians, 78.3% of African Americans, 100% of Hispanics, 83.3% of those more than one race, 61% of Whites, and none of the people of unknown ethnic origin. One of three men testing positive for a VUS reported a history of breast cancer. Conclusions: Identification of VUS occurred disproportionately in African Americans, occurring ten times more often in African American women than White women in our study. Studies to improve classification of VUS as deleterious or neutral are needed to enhance the utility of genetic testing for women at risk, particularly those of African American ethnicity. 1Goldman, DE et al. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2004. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Rhodes, Scott D., Kenneth C. Hergenrather, Aaron T. Vissman, Jason Stowers, A. Bernard Davis, Anthony Hannah, Jorge Alonzo, and Flavio F. Marsiglia. "Boys Must Be Men, and Men Must Have Sex With Women: A Qualitative CBPR Study to Explore Sexual Risk Among African American, Latino, and White Gay Men and MSM." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 2 (April 21, 2010): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988310366298.

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Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. This study was designed to explore sexual risk among MSM using community-based participatory research (CBPR). An academic—community partnership conducted nine focus groups with 88 MSM. Participants self-identified as African American/Black ( n = 28), Hispanic/Latino ( n = 33), White ( n = 21), and biracial/ethnic ( n = 6). The mean age was 27 years (range = 18-60 years). Grounded theory was used. Twelve themes related to HIV risk emerged, including low knowledge of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases, particularly among Latino MSM and MSM who use the Internet for sexual networking; stereotyping of African American MSM as sexually “dominant” and Latino MSM as less likely to be HIV infected; and the eroticization of “barebacking.” Twelve intervention approaches also were identified, including developing culturally congruent programming using community-identified assets, harnessing social media used by informal networks of MSM, and promoting protection within the context of intimate relationships. A community forum was held to develop recommendations and move these themes to action.
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Stokes, Joseph P., David J. McKirnan, Lynda Doll, and Rebecca G. Burzette. "Female Partners of Bisexual Men." Psychology of Women Quarterly 20, no. 2 (June 1996): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00470.x.

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Individual interviews with 350 behaviorally bisexual men aged 18-30 revealed that 71% of their female sexual partners and 59% of their steady female sexual partners in the past 6 months had not been aware of their homosexual activity. Rates of nondisclosure were higher for African-American than White men. Compared to nondisclosers, men who disclosed to all their female partners were less self-homophobic and perceived their friends, families, and neighbors as more accepting of their homosexual behavior. Compared to men who had disclosed, the nondisclosers had more female partners and used condoms less consistently with women.
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40

Thorpe, Roland J., Rachael McCleary, Jenny R. Smolen, Keith E. Whitfield, Eleanor M. Simonsick, and Thomas LaVeist. "Racial Disparities in Disability Among Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Health 26, no. 8 (December 2014): 1261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314534892.

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Objective: Persistent and consistently observed racial disparities in physical functioning likely stem from racial differences in social resources and environmental conditions. Method: We examined the association between race and reported difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in 347 African American (45.5%) and Whites aged 50 or above in the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities–Southwest Baltimore, Maryland Study (EHDIC-SWB). Results: Contrary to previous studies, African Americans had lower rates of disability (women: 25.6% vs. 44.6%, p = .006; men: 15.7% vs. 32.9%; p = .017) than Whites. After adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and comorbidities, African American women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.14, 0.70]) and African American men (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = [0.13, 0.90]) retained their functional advantage compared with White women and men, respectively. Conclusion: These findings within an integrated, low-income urban sample support efforts to ameliorate health disparities by focusing on the social context in which people live.
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41

Johnson-Lawrence, Vicki, Derek M. Griffith, and Daphne C. Watkins. "The Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Mood/Anxiety Disorders on the Chronic Physical Health Conditions of Men From a National Sample." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 4_suppl (April 21, 2013): 58S—67S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988313484960.

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Racial/ethnic differences in health are evident among men. Previous work suggests associations between mental and physical health but few studies have examined how mood/anxiety disorders and chronic physical health conditions covary by age, race, and ethnicity among men. Using data from 1,277 African American, 629 Caribbean Black, and 371 non-Hispanic White men from the National Survey of American Life, we examined associations between race/ethnicity and experiencing one or more chronic physical health conditions in logistic regression models stratified by age and 12-month mood/anxiety disorder status. Among men <45 years without mood/anxiety disorders, Caribbean Blacks had lower odds of chronic physical health conditions than Whites. Among men aged 45+ years with mood/anxiety disorders, African Americans had greater odds of chronic physical health conditions than Whites. Future studies should explore the underlying causes of such variation and how studying mental and chronic physical health problems together may help identify mechanisms that underlie racial disparities in life expectancy among men.
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42

Huguet, N., and C. Lewis-Laietmark. "Rates of homicide-followed-by-suicide among White, African American, and Hispanic men." Public Health 129, no. 3 (March 2015): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2014.11.008.

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43

Vehrs, Pat R., and Gilbert W. Fellingham. "Heart Rate and VO2Responses to Cycle Ergometry in White and African American Men." Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 10, no. 2 (June 2006): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327841mpee1002_3.

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44

Sakamoto, Arthur, Christopher R. Tamborini, and ChangHwan Kim. "Long-Term Earnings Differentials Between African American and White Men by Educational Level." Population Research and Policy Review 37, no. 1 (November 29, 2017): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-017-9453-1.

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45

Vincent, Wilson, John L. Peterson, and Dominic J. Parrott. "Differences in African American and White Women’s Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men." Sex Roles 61, no. 9-10 (July 11, 2009): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9679-4.

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46

Cornish, Emily K., Sydika A. McKissic, Donnatesa A. L. Dean, and Derek M. Griffith. "Lessons Learned About Motivation From a Pilot Physical Activity Intervention for African American Men." Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839915614800.

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African American men are less likely than White men to meet physical activity recommendations, and few physical activity interventions have focused on the unique needs of African American men. Because health is not more important to men than fulfilling the role of a provider or other socially important roles, one of the biggest challenges in creating interventions for African American men is helping them identify reasons that they should prioritize both health and life goals. In a recent pilot physical activity intervention for 30- to 70-year-old African American men, we used self-determination theory and motivational interviewing principles to create worksheets that helped men identify their core values and life goals and asked them to describe how their values and goals were related to health and physical activity. We used basic statistics and thematic analysis to identify and examine key sources of motivation for men to be healthier and more physically active. We found that being healthy, a good Christian, a good spouse/partner, disciplined, and successful were among men’s most important life goals. This article highlights a strategy for identifying key sources of motivation in African American men’s lives and key themes that can be used in to enhance future interventions.
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47

Assari, Shervin. "Educational Attainment Better Protects African American Women than African American Men Against Depressive Symptoms and Psychological Distress." Brain Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8100182.

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Background: Recent research has shown smaller health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as education attainment for African Americans as compared to whites. However, less is known about diminished returns based on gender within African Americans. Aim: To test whether among African American men are at a relative disadvantage compared to women in terms of having improved mental health as a result of their education attainment. This study thus explored gender differences in the association between education attainment and mental health, using a representative sample of American adults. Methods: The National Survey of American Life (NSAL; 2003) recruited 3570 African American adults (2299 females and 1271 males). The dependent variables were depressive symptoms and psychological distress. The independent variable was education attainment. Race was the focal moderator. Age, employment status, and marital status were covariates. Linear regressions were used for data analysis. Results: In the pooled sample that included both male and female African American adults, high education attainment was associated with lower depressive symptoms and psychological distress, net of covariates. Significant interactions were found between gender and education attainment with effects on depressive symptoms and psychological distress, suggesting stronger protective effects of high education attainment against depressive symptoms and psychological distress for female as compared to male African Americans. Conclusion: A smaller gain in mental health with respect to educational attainment for male African American males as compared to African American females is in line with studies showing high risk of depression in African American men of high-socioeconomic status. High-SES African American men need screening for depression and psychological distress.
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Forry, Nicole D., Leigh A. Leslie, and Bethany L. Letiecq. "Marital Quality in Interracial Relationships." Journal of Family Issues 28, no. 12 (December 2007): 1538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07304466.

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African American/White interracial couples are a rapidly growing segment of the population. However, little is known about factors related to marital quality for these couples. The authors examine the relationships between sex role ideology, perception of relationship unfairness, and marital quality among a sample of 76 married African American/White interracial couples from the mid-Atlantic region. The results indicate that interracial couples are similar to same-race couples in some ways. In particular, women, regardless of race, report their marriages to be more unfair to them than do men. Unique experiences in interracial marriages based on one's race or race/gender combination are also identified. African Americans experience more ambivalence about their relationship than their White partners. Furthermore, sex role ideology has a moderating effect on perceived unfairness and marital quality for African American men. Similarities and differences among interracial and same-race marriages are discussed, with recommendations for future research.
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Badas, Alex, and Katelyn E. Stauffer. "Michelle Obama as a Political Symbol: Race, Gender, and Public Opinion toward the First Lady." Politics & Gender 15, no. 03 (January 10, 2019): 431–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000922.

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AbstractPopular commentary surrounding Michelle Obama focuses on the symbolic importance of her tenure as the nation's first African American first lady. Despite these assertions, relatively few studies have examined public opinion toward Michelle Obama and the extent to which race and gender influenced public evaluations of her. Even fewer studies have examined how the intersection of race and gender influenced political attitudes toward Michelle Obama and her ability to serve as a meaningful political symbol. Using public opinion polls from 2008 to 2017 and data from the Black Women in America survey, we examine public opinion toward Michelle Obama as a function of respondents’ race, gender, and the intersection between the two. We find that African Americans were generally more favorable toward Michelle Obama than white Americans, with minimal differences between men and women. Although white women were no more likely than white men to view Michelle Obama favorably, we find that they were more likely to have information on Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” initiative. Most importantly, we find that Michelle Obama served as a unique political symbol for African American women and that her presence in politics significantly increased black women's evaluation of their race-gender group.
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Williams, Jaelrbreiret L., Manoj Sharma, Vincent L. Mendy, Sophia Leggett, Luma Akil, and Samuel Perkins. "Using multi theory model (MTM) of health behavior change to explain intention for initiation and sustenance of the consumption of fruits and vegetables among African American men from barbershops in Mississippi." Health Promotion Perspectives 10, no. 3 (July 12, 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2020.33.

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Background: African American men have poorer health outcomes compared to their white counterparts despite medical advancements and early detection of diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the constructs of the multi theory model (MTM) explain the intention for initiation and sustenance of the consumption of fruits and vegetables among African American adult men in Mississippi. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design a valid and reliable paper survey was administered during November and December of 2019. The target population for the study consisted of African American adult men (18 or older) that had not consumed recommended levels of fruits and vegetables within 24 hours of taking the questionnaire. A convenience quota sample of African American men from select barbershops in Jackson, Mississippi, were asked to complete the 40-item questionnaire on preventive health screening behavior (n=134). Results: The mean total number of fruits and vegetables consumed by participants within 24hours of the taking the survey was 1.63 (SD =1.47). The mean intention to initiate consuming 5or more cups of fruits and vegetables per day score was 2.13 (SD=1.17) as measured on a 5-point scale (0-4). Behavioral confidence (β = 0.495, P<0.0001), and changes in physical environment(β = 0.230, P<0.0001) accounted for 40.8% of the variance in predicting the intention to initiate behavioral change regarding the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Practice for change (β = 0.462, P<0.001) and emotional transformation (β = 0.215, P<0.0001) accounted for 37.5% of the variance in the intention to sustain fruits and vegetables consumption behavior. Conclusion: Based on data found in the study, MTM appears to predict the intention to initiate and sustain fruit and vegetable intake of African American men. Further research studies of suitable interventions to target African American men are needed.
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