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1
Kozubovskaya, Galina P. "The Noble Nest by I. S. Turgenev: Poetics of Costume." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 1 (February 2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-1-8-15.
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The costume which has recently become the focus of many scientific disciplines has hardly attracted literary critics: the methodology of its research in fiction is just beginning to take shape. The historical and cultural approach, which essentially boils down to a commentary has been replaced by a very productive structural and semiotic approach that deciphers the semantics and functions of the costume. The methodology of our research is of a complex nature, combining the structural-semiotic, mythopoetic, and motivic aspects of the analysis of literary texts. The narratological aspect in the study of costume poetics is emphasized, which, as a rule, remains outside the scope of research.The narratological aspect is aimed at identifying “flickering” meanings in the structure of the whole – “prose as poetry” (V. Schmid).The dynamics of costume descriptions, their functionality in the structure of the whole and the specifics in the organization of the narrative (taking into account the “point of view”, the motive given by costume details and based on semantic nodes that connect polar meanings, etc.) are at the center of our research.Thanks to costume inclusions, the text of the novel The Noble Nest becomes multidimensional. Thus, the characterological detail of Panshin – a screw-shaped Golden ring is situational and at the same time conceptual: it connects the “beginnings” and “ends” of his story, symbolically programming fate. Laconic sketches of Lavretsky’s clothing, scattered throughout the text, formalizing the opposition of one’s own/ another’s, prepare a motif of loneliness and homelessness. In layered narrative created by the play of the author’s and character’s points of view, Lavretsky’s point of view “migrates” to the author’s one replacing it (“poetic” sign of the optics of the hero) and then separates from it. The content of the method of crushing, which replaced the silhouette image, is an expression of the confusion of the soul, deforming the female image. The details in Lavretsky’s “split” point of view are ambiguous: on the one hand, there is alienation, on the other hand, there is a subconscious attraction to the beloved woman in the primary, unreflexed sense of a person losing happiness. The novel’s flickering meaning is created by semantic nodes that match polarities. “White” is the symbolic color of the national, rooted in the soil (the white caps of Marfa Timofeevna and Nastasya Karpovna), and at the same time the ghostly, impossible realization of happiness (the rhyming white dress of Lisa and the white dress on the portrait of Lavretsky’s mother). “Black” is also ambivalent: the elegant black silk dress of Varvara Pavlovna and the unnamed color of Lisa’s monastic clothes in the Epilogue. The scarf that Marfa Timofeevna knits is a mythologeme that encodes the story of love and failed happiness and at the same time the semantic core of the poetics of incompleteness. Keywords: costume, costume poetics, mythologeme, narrative, semantics, point of view
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Farah, Randa. "Refugee Camps in the Palestinian and Sahrawi National Liberation Movements: A Comparative Perspective." Journal of Palestine Studies 38, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2009.38.2.76.
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Drawing on ethnographic field research, this analysis compares the evolution of refugee camps as incubators of political organization and repositories of collective memory for Palestinian refugees in Jordan and Sahrawi refugees of the Western Sahara. While recognizing the significant differences between the historical and geopolitical contexts of the two groups and their national movements (the PLO and Polisario, respectively), the author examines the Palestinian and Sahrawi projects of national consciousness formation and institution-building, concluding that Palestinian camps are ““mapped”” in relation to the past, while political organization in Sahrawi camps evidences a forward-looking vision.
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van Heyningen, Elizabeth. "The South African War as humanitarian crisis." International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 900 (December 2015): 999–1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383116000394.
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AbstractAlthough the South African War was a colonial war, it aroused great interest abroad as a test of international morality. Both the Boer republics were signatories to the Geneva Convention of 1864, as was Britain, but the resources of these small countries were limited, for their populations were small and, before the discovery of gold in 1884, government revenues were trifling. It was some time before they could put even the most rudimentary organization in place. In Europe, public support from pro-Boers enabled National Red Cross Societies from such countries as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Russia and Belgium to send ambulances and medical aid to the Boers. The British military spurned such aid, but the tide of public opinion and the hospitals that the aid provided laid the foundations for similar voluntary aid in the First World War. Until the fall of Pretoria in June 1900, the war had taken the conventional course of pitched battles and sieges. Although the capitals of both the Boer republics had fallen to the British by June 1900, the Boer leaders decided to continue the conflict. The Boer military system, based on locally recruited, compulsory commando service, was ideally suited to guerrilla warfare, and it was another two years before the Boers finally surrendered. During this period of conflict, about 30,000 farms were burnt and the country was reduced to a wasteland. Women and children, black and white, were installed in camps which were initially ill-conceived and badly managed, giving rise to high mortality, especially of the children. As the scandal of the camps became known, European humanitarian aid shifted to the provision of comforts for women and children. While the more formal aid organizations, initiated by men, preferred to raise funds for post-war reconstruction, charitable relief for the camps was often provided by informal women's organizations. These ranged from church groups to personal friends of the Boers, to women who wished to be associated with the work of their menfolk.
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Martin-Howard, Simone. "Barriers and Challenges to Service Delivery and Funding: A Case Study of a Nonprofit Organization in the Western Cape, South Africa." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.5.3.293-316.
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There is limited qualitative case research focusing on the underreported voices of black and coloured men and women employed at nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and living in underserved communities of South Africa. The purpose of this single case study, then, is to explore barriers and challenges to service delivery and funding at one specific NPO in South Africa’s Western Cape Province (WCP). To do so, I rely on observations and indepth semistructured interviews with 11 staff members. According to a majority of the staff, religion and race are the primary barriers that prevent the organization from achieving its goals and objectives. Moreover, they note that poverty and poor living conditions, child abandonment and neglect as a result of maternal alcohol abuse, and racial and cultural tensions are contextual challenges that inhibit organizational effectiveness. While these barriers and challenges are specific to this particular NPO, the contextual factors that staff identified are evident in other townships in the WCP. As such, the findings from this study add to the knowledge of NPOs in the WCP and provide insights into how to improve service delivery for low-income and underserved populations in the region.
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Vohnoutka, Rishel B., Anushree C. Gulvady, Gregory Goreczny, Kyle Alpha, Samuel K. Handelman, Jonathan Z. Sexton, and Christopher E. Turner. "The focal adhesion scaffold protein Hic-5 regulates vimentin organization in fibroblasts." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 25 (December 1, 2019): 3037–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0442.
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Focal adhesion (FA)-stimulated reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton regulates cellular size, shape, and mechanical properties. However, FA cross-talk with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Genetic ablation of the FA-associated scaffold protein Hic-5 in mouse cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted a dramatic collapse of the vimentin network, which was rescued following EGFP-Hic-5 expression. Vimentin collapse correlated with a loss of detergent-soluble vimentin filament precursors and decreased vimentin S72/S82 phosphorylation. Additionally, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis indicated impaired vimentin dynamics. Microtubule (MT)-associated EB1 tracking and Western blotting of MT posttranslational modifications indicated no change in MT dynamics that could explain the vimentin collapse. However, pharmacological inhibition of the RhoGTPase Cdc42 in Hic-5 knockout CAFs rescued the vimentin collapse, while pan-formin inhibition with SMIFH2 promoted vimentin collapse in Hic-5 heterozygous CAFs. Our results reveal novel regulation of vimentin organization/dynamics by the FA scaffold protein Hic-5 via modulation of RhoGTPases and downstream formin activity.
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Yao, Zhu, Jinlian Luo, and Xianchun Zhang. "Gossip is a fearful thing: the impact of negative workplace gossip on knowledge hiding." Journal of Knowledge Management 24, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-04-2020-0264.
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Purpose The crucial role of knowledge sharing in an organization has become even more crucial lately, resulting in garnering more attention by scholars. In reality, while several organizations expect their employees to share knowledge with colleagues actively, many choose to hide their knowledge when asked for help. This study aims to explore whether negative workplace gossip (NWG) affects employee knowledge hiding (KH), as well as analyzes whether relational identification (RI) and interpersonal trust (IT) play a chain mediating role between the two, and discusses whether forgiveness climate (FC) could be used as a boundary condition in the relationships mentioned above. Design/methodology/approach Based on the conservation of resource (COR) theory and the cognitive–affective personality system (CAPS) theory, the authors surveyed 326 employees in China at 2 time-points and explored the correlation between NWG and KH, as well as the underlying mechanism. Using confirmatory factor analysis, bootstrapping method and structural equation model, the authors validated the research hypotheses. Findings The findings revealed the following: NWG negatively correlates with KH; RI and IT play a mediation role between NWG and KH, respectively, and both variables also play a chain mediation role in the relationship mentioned above; and FC moderates the negative impact of NWG on RI, further moderating the chain mediation between RI and IT and between NWG and KH. Originality/value First, this study established the correlation between NWG and KH, as well as analyzed the internal mechanism between the two. Besides, this study adds to scholars’ understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which these effects could occur. Second, this study demonstrated the moderating effect of FC – a situational feature that has been neglected in previous studies. Furthermore, this study can not only complement the situational factors ignored in previous studies but also broaden the application scope of CAPS. Finally, this study effectively combines COR and CAPS, which provides a basis for the application of these two theories in the future.
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Clarke, J., A. McIlhagger, E. Archer, T. Dooher, T. Flanagan, and P. Schubel. "A Feature-Based Cost Estimation Model for Wind Turbine Blade Spar Caps." Applied System Innovation 3, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi3020017.
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A problem for wind turbine operators is decreasing prices for wind-generated electricity. Many turbines are approaching their rated 20-year lives. A more economically viable and sustainable solution that reduces Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and avoids expensive turbine replacement is retrofitting new spar caps blades. A new cost model assesses the feasibility of retrofitting 35 to 75 m turbines with GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer composite) and longer length CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced composite) spar caps. Spar cap cost scales with features such as mass, volume fraction and complexity. Organizational learning is a cost factor. Material and direct labor increase as proportions of total cost while tooling, capital, utilities, and indirect labor decrease. There is good agreement between a manufacturer and the model. Twenty-year turbines were compared with retrofitted spar caps over 25 years for LCOE. Same length GFRP and longer length CFRP spar cap retrofits decrease LCOE. Longer length CFRP spar caps decrease LCOE compared with GFRP retrofits over 25 years. CFRP material cost impacts CFRP retrofit feasibility. Retrofitted turbines must meet engineering, operational performance, and planning requirements criteria. Software algorithms may improve human learning and enable automatic updates from varying design and cost inputs, thereby increasing cost prediction accuracy.
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Wilson, Asa B. "Attributes of turnaround rural hospitals: Case study findings and research opportunities." Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 6 (October 19, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n6p8.
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Background: Rural and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) have a history of operating challenges and closure-conversion threats. The history is reviewed including the supportive public policy provisions and administrative tactics designed to maintain a community’s hospital as the hub and access point for health services. Limited research indicates that rural facilities are not strategic in their responses to challenges. A question emerges regarding the enduring nature of operating difficulties for these facilities, i.e., no understanding with explanatory value.Objective: The author, as the CEO in six rural hospitals designated as turnaround facilities, used inductive participant-observer involvement to identify operating attributes characteristic of these organizations. An objective description of each facility is provided. While implementing a turnaround intervention, fifteen behaviors or outcomes were found to be consistent across all six entities. This information is used to posit factors associated with or accounting for identified performance weaknesses.Conclusions: It is conceptualization that observed organizational behaviors can be explained as remnants of an agrarian ideology. Such a mindset is focused on preserving the status quo despite challenges that would require strategic positioning of the organization. In addition, emerging studies on community types indicates that follow-up research is needed that assesses the impact of community attributes on rural hospital performance. Also, this study shows that a theory of the rural hospital firm based on neo-classical economics has no explanatory value. Thus, a theory of the firm can be developed that includes behavioral economic principles.
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Munjal, Manish, Porshia Rishi, Nitika Tuli, Harjinder Singh, Shivam Talwar, Salony Sharma, and Shubham Munjal. "Spectrum of otorhinolaryngologic ailments in the North Indian state of Punjab: a seven year retrospective study of peripheral health camps." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202011.
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Background: Community otorhinolaryngology services have a role to play in the early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of the individuals with low socioeconomic status.Methods: A retrospective study of 52 ear, nose, throat and head neck, peripheral camps held during a 7-year period, i.e. 2012-2019 was undertaken. The camps were organised by Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. The epidemiological and gender profile of the patients with otorhinolaryngologic complaints was studied and statistically analysed.Results: A total of 52 camps were organized over a period of 7 years (2012 to 2019). Maximum number of camps were organized in Malwa belt (49) with 65% being organized in Ludhiana city followed by Barnala and Sangrur. Maximum number of camps were organized at the religious places (44%) followed by non-governmental organizations (33%) and schools (23%). Male patients (55.7%) outnumbered the female at the camps. Out of 576 patients with nasal complaints 56.7% were male while 43.3% were female. Out of 538 patients with throat complaints 56.8% were male while 43.2% were female.Conclusions: Maximum camps were held in the Malwa belt of Punjab. Otological ailments are of concern for the public. Relief and awareness from the camps of previous years brought about more attendance and request to hold more camps.
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Hawlena, Joanna, and Paulina Osuch. "Organization of tourist bus transport in Cape Town / in Kapsztad." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 18, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2017.001.
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The most convenient means of transport while visiting Cape Town is getting around the town by tour bus. Tour buses in Cape Town shuttle regularly between major attractions of the town. Tourists can hop on and hop off at any bus stop they like. In May 2010, shortly before the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which took place in South Africa, an integrated electronic platform MyCiTi was implemented. Since then, passengers have gained access to current timetables and routes of buses, and got additional information about transport in Cape Town, which has turned out to be a significant convenience for them. Passengers can choose between four main colour coded tours: red, blue, yellow and purple. They can also transfer to another bus at transport nodes, which enables them to reach all tourist attractions in Cape Town. Moreover, there is possibility of buying day tickets or two-day tickets and taking a cruise which constitutes a great attraction in the offer of Citysightseeing company in Cape Town.
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Oswald, Frederick L., and Leaetta M. Hough. "Personality Testing and Industrial–Organizational Psychology: A Productive Exchange and Some Future Directions." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1, no. 3 (September 2008): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.00057.x.
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The goal of our focal article was to provide a current perspective on personality testing and its use in organizational research and to elicit constructive discussion and suggestions for future research and practice. The present article caps off the discussion by integrating the main ideas presented in the commentaries within our original framework of questions and topics, with the immodest hope of advancing our understanding of personality and its measurement in the context of industrial–organizational psychology. In short, we recommend continuing to take advantage of the organizing framework of the Big Five while also pursuing more “bottom-up” approaches that examine facet-level relationships with multidimensional performance outcomes, in addition to developing process models that include more proximal motivational and situational variables. Work along these lines is valuable to both organizational science and practice.
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Pierce, Hayley. "Reproductive health care utilization among refugees in Jordan: Provisional support and domestic violence." Women's Health 15 (January 2019): 174550651986122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506519861224.
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Objectives: Conflict and displacement are associated with poverty, disruption of services, loss of identity, reduced care for reproductive needs, and reduced provision of health care, among other things. This article uses the framework outlined by Obermeyer and Potter to test how refugee and native status influence utilization of reproductive health services and experience with domestic violence in a context of high refugee inhabitants and strong refugee-focused non-governmental organization presence. This article addresses the following: (1) coverage, source, and method of contraceptives; (2) variation in reproductive health experience by source of contraception; and finally, (3) factors determining variation in the utilization of reproductive health services and domestic violence experiences for individuals living in and out of refugee camps. Methods: The data is the 2012 Jordan Demographic and Health Survey, and the method utilized is logistic regression. Results: Findings suggest that refugee women serviced by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency have greater access to health-related resources (family planning and contraception), but they have weaker positions in the family as evidenced by domestic violence experiences. Conclusion: It is plausible that provisional resources are the easiest for an aid organization to provide, while the complications of identity loss and the loss of a sense of space pose a challenge for refugees and aid organizations.
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Harrison, Krista Lyn, and Holly A. Taylor. "Healthcare resource allocation decisions affecting uninsured services." Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, no. 8 (November 21, 2016): 1162–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose Using the example of community access programs (CAPs), the purpose of this paper is to describe resource allocation and policy decisions related to providing health services for the uninsured in the USA and the organizational values affecting these decisions. Design/methodology/approach The study used comparative case study methodology at two geographically diverse sites. Researchers collected data from program documents, meeting observations, and interviews with program stakeholders. Findings Five resource allocation or policy decisions relevant to providing healthcare services were described at each site across three categories: designing the health plan, reacting to funding changes, and revising policies. Organizational values of access to care and stewardship most frequently affected resource allocation and policy decisions, while economic and political pressures affect the relative prioritization of values. Research limitations/implications Small sample size, the potential for social desirability or recall bias, and the exclusion of provider, member or community perspectives beyond those represented among participating board members. Practical implications Program directors or researchers can use this study to assess the extent to which resource allocation and policy decisions align with organizational values and mission statements. Social implications The description of how healthcare decisions are actually made can be matched with literature that describes how healthcare resource decisions ought to be made, in order to provide a normative grounding for future decisions. Originality/value This study addresses a gap in literature regarding how CAPs actually make resource allocation decisions that affect access to healthcare services.
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Romanovskaya, I. E., and N. S. Shapovalova. "The role of the patient organization in socio-psychological adaptation of patients with celiac disease." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-188-4-136-143.
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Celiac disease is a lifelong disease, associated with lifestyle changes. After the diagnosis was made, patients are faced with a number of tasks: organizing a food system for the patient and his family members at home, in kindergartens, schools, health camps, sanatoriums, hospitals, in the army, while traveling; selection of gluten-free medicines; organization of psychological assistance. Support in the social and psychological sphere of life is provided by patient organizations, that create systems for the comfort life of celiac patients. This review focuses on the role of such organizations in the socio- psychological adaptation of patients with celiac disease. The tasks, methods and projects of systemic educational work, information resources, methods of psychological support for patients are presented; product expertise capabilities, legislative aspects in the field of social and legal protection of the interests of persons with celiac disease and a violation of gluten tolerance, the possibilities of material support for patients in various regions of Russia are highlighted. The article drew attention to the success of patient organizations in improving the quality of life, and those who have difficulties both: the problems of labeling of gluten-free products, the complexity of catering in public restaurants and institutions. The system of activities and projects, developed by the St. Petersburg Society of Celiac Diseases “Emilia” and the National Association “Gluten Free Life” allows to overcome the difficulties, associated with adhering to a strict lifelong diet, improves gluten free food at home.
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McCoyer, Michael. "“Rough Mens” in “the Toughest Places I Ever Seen”: The Construction and Ramifications of Black Masculine Identity in the Mississippi Delta's Levee Camps, 1900–1935." International Labor and Working-Class History 69, no. 1 (March 2006): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547906000044.
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This article examines the “levee camp” as a social and cultural site for reconstituting rural black workers' masculine identities in the early twentieth-century Mississippi-Arkansas Delta. The construction of the Mississippi River's levees during this period depended heavily on the labor of black mule-drivers drawn from the Delta's cotton plantations. In spite of this dependency, the levee camps' exploitative commissaries and harsh disciplinary violence quashed workers' efforts to reclaim a sense of autonomy that was increasingly denied them on the region's plantations. However, partly in response to the perceived erosion of their authority within the sharecropper family, levee workers successfully used the notorious after-hours culture of the levee camps to construct a hyper-masculine image of themselves as “rough mens” who had been to the levee camps, enjoyed the sexual attention of camp women, and were manly enough to survive the murderous violence of white bosses and other “rough mens” alike. Using a series of 1930s labor investigations as well as early Delta blues hollers and songs about the levee camps, this article shows how black workers' efforts to cultivate this hyper-masculine levee worker image ultimately proved detrimental to their class interests. Levee contractors and foremen welcomed levee camp gambling, prostitution, drinking, and fighting as ways of reducing workers' wages and maintaining labor control in the camps. Ultimately, the levee camps provide a useful example of an all-male work site where gender had important, if unintended, ramifications for workers' class position.
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Adams, A. E., J. A. Cooper, and D. G. Drubin. "Unexpected combinations of null mutations in genes encoding the actin cytoskeleton are lethal in yeast." Molecular Biology of the Cell 4, no. 5 (May 1993): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.4.5.459.
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To understand the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cell physiology, and how actin-binding proteins regulate the actin cytoskeleton in vivo, we and others previously identified actin-binding proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and studied the effect of null mutations in the genes for these proteins. A null mutation of the actin gene (ACT1) is lethal, but null mutations in the tropomyosin (TPM1), fimbrin (SAC6), Abp1p (ABP1), and capping protein (CAP1 and CAP2) genes have relatively mild or no effects. We have now constructed double and triple mutants lacking 2 or 3 of these actin-binding proteins, and studied the effect of the combined mutations on cell growth, morphology, and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Double mutants lacking fimbrin and either Abp1p or capping protein show negative synthetic effects on growth, in the most extreme case resulting in lethality. All other combinations of double mutations and the triple mutant lacking tropomyosin, Abp1p, and capping protein, are viable and their phenotypes are similar to or only slightly more severe than those of the single mutants. Therefore, the synthetic phenotypes are highly specific. We confirmed this specificity by overexpression of capping protein and Abp1p in strains lacking fimbrin. Thus, while overexpression of these proteins has deleterious effects on actin organization in wild-type strains, no synthetic phenotype was observed in the absence of fimbrin. We draw two important conclusions from these results. First, since mutations in pairs of actin-binding protein genes cause inviability, the actin cytoskeleton of yeast does not contain a high degree of redundancy. Second, the lack of structural and functional homology among these genetically redundant proteins (fimbrin and capping protein or Abp1p) indicates that they regulate the actin cytoskeleton by different mechanisms. Determination of the molecular basis for this surprising conclusion will provide unique insights into the essential mechanisms that regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
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Bates, Clifford Scott. "PREPAREDNESS ASSESSMENT… STILL THE KEY TO ACQUIRING AND MAINTAINING, “RIGHT MIX” CAPABILITIES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-909.
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ABSTRACT The most recent national study of the adequacy of government owned versus private sector oil spill removal capability, known as the capability limits or (CAPS) review, is currently seven years old. While oil spill response preparedness assessments have continued via the National Strike Force Coordination Center Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) assessment visits, the Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP), and the Spills of National Significance (SONS) exercises, the outdated CAPS review stands as a great impediment to the Coast Guard's ability to continue to make sound overarching policy decisions regarding known national oil spill removal equipment inventories and expertise levels as they pertain to oil spill risks. The CAPS review established a baseline by which regulatory decisions pertaining to the “Right government/private Mix” of capabilities for oil spill response could be made. The ability to accurately assess this mix is a critical component of the Preparedness model that has been used for oil spill response and should continue to be used for Preparedness for all contingency response. This model is depicted below in Figure 1.FIGURE 1PREPAREDNESS (TO RESPOND) MODELFIGURE 1. PREPAREDNESS (TO RESPOND) MODEL Prior to Sept 11, 2001, it was assumed that the costly and cumbersome to complete findings of the CAPS review would remain valid for an extensive period of time. This was a valid assumption given the stability of Post OPA 90 oil spill response capability at the time. When Sept 11, 2001 shifted government and private response priorities away from oil spills, the validity of the assumption began to degrade. Unfortunately, a request for an update must now compete for funding and support with security-related studies. Further, just as this study provides appropriate support for overarching oil spill regulatory decisions, so too could it be used as the national preparedness assessment model for any developing Hazardous Substance or Weapons of Mass Destruction legislation. The oil spill response communities' inability to promote the value of having an easily updated thorough CAPS review process ensures the model will be overlooked or dismissed in the development of a healthy national all contingency response capabilities assessment program. All of this negatively impacts national preparedness pertaining to either oil or HAZMAT response. To bolster my assertions this paper will first define and discuss impressions of the 1998 CAPS review. Secondly, the paper will review some of the long-standing response principles that have established assessment as crucial to preparedness in the oil spill response field. Lastly, the paper will outline an assessment model that incorporates the successes of the oil spill response program and explain the value that adoption of such a model would have for a national all-contingencies preparedness assessment program.
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Shibatani, Toru, Eric J. Carlson, Fredrick Larabee, Ashley L. McCormack, Klaus Früh, and William R. Skach. "Global Organization and Function of Mammalian Cytosolic Proteasome Pools: Implications for PA28 and 19S Regulatory Complexes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 12 (December 2006): 4962–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-04-0311.
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Proteolytic activity of the 20S proteasome is regulated by activators that govern substrate movement into and out of the catalytic chamber. However, the physiological relationship between activators, and hence the relative role of different proteasome species, remains poorly understood. To address this problem, we characterized the total pool of cytosolic proteasomes in intact and functional form using a single-step method that bypasses the need for antibodies, proteasome modification, or column purification. Two-dimensional Blue Native(BN)/SDS-PAGE and tandem mass spectrometry simultaneously identified six native proteasome populations in untreated cytosol: 20S, singly and doubly PA28-capped, singly 19S-capped, hybrid, and doubly 19S-capped proteasomes. All proteasome species were highly dynamic as evidenced by recruitment and exchange of regulatory caps. In particular, proteasome inhibition with MG132 markedly stimulated PA28 binding to exposed 20S α-subunits and generated doubly PA28-capped and hybrid proteasomes. PA28 recruitment virtually eliminated free 20S particles and was blocked by ATP depletion. Moreover, inhibited proteasomes remained stably associated with distinct cohorts of partially degraded fragments derived from cytosolic and ER substrates. These data establish a versatile platform for analyzing substrate-specific proteasome function and indicate that PA28 and 19S activators cooperatively regulate global protein turnover while functioning at different stages of the degradation cycle.
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Edwards, D. Brent, and Sterling Higa. "The global education policy of school-based management in conflict-affected contexts: Current reach, prominent rationales, and future research." Policy Futures in Education 16, no. 3 (November 29, 2017): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210317742213.
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For those who focus on the role of education in international development, the approach to education governance of school-based management (SBM) has been the primary means by which the participation of community members has been incorporated into the provision of education. However, while SBM is a well-known approach to governance that has become a global education policy, in that it is widely promoted, adapted, and implemented, a trend that stands out—and which is addressed in this paper—is the use of, and reference to, SBM in work on conflict-affected contexts (CACs). Indeed, there has been insufficient attention directed at understanding how SBM is advocated in these contexts. Our intention is to use the present paper as a point of departure for further discussion on issues that arise in relation to the intersection of SBM and CACs. With that in mind, we seek to characterize the extent to which international organizations espouse support for SBM, particularly when it comes to its applicability in CACs; to review the rationales that are invoked in favor of this governance model, again with a focus on CACs; and to highlight important areas for future research.
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Pollio, Andrea. "Architectures of millennial development: Entrepreneurship and spatial justice at the bottom of the pyramid in Cape Town." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 3 (October 29, 2019): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19876939.
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In Cape Town, as in other cities of the Global South, the paradigms of millennial development are continuously mobilized in specific material ways. The idea that poverty can be fought with profit is manifest in a series of urban experiments that involve informal entrepreneurs, corporations, real estate developers, local architects, economists, non-governmental organizations and state agencies, in the search for market solutions to economic marginality. To illustrate this argument about the spatial politics of development, this paper charts the architectural, organizational and pedagogical making of Philippi Village, a building complex in one of Cape Town’s poorest neighbourhoods. A former cement factory turned into an entrepreneurial hub, Philippi Village is a material inscription, at the so-called bottom of the pyramid, of the possibility of expanding the frontiers of accumulation. However, while this entrepreneurial village may be a brownfield site for new forms of profit, its architectures also reveal the diverse economic rationalities that emerge from the quest of good entrepreneurship, including the politics of seeking spatial justice amid the urban legacies of apartheid.
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Nasson, Bill. "‘Messing with Coloured People’: The 1918 Police Strike in Cape Town, South Africa." Journal of African History 33, no. 2 (July 1992): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700032254.
Full textAbstract:
This article seeks to provide an interpretation of a strike by white policemen in Cape Town in 1918. It argues that this defensive dispute over wages and living conditions can best be understood not simply through an examination of service dissatisfaction in the urban police community, but by incorporating this episode into the larger picture of South African police development in the early decades of the present century. In this broader context, several factors seem general and influential: local social resentments over the terms of national police organization after Union; police practices and attitudes, especially in relation to the increasing recruitment of Afrikaners; the position of white working-class policemen in the ‘civilized labour’ stratification of Cape Town society; and, most visibly, the inflationary effect of the First World War on the living standards of poorly paid, disaffected and unorganized constables. It is argued that these converging pressures generated a severe crisis of work discipline in 1917 and 1918 which tipped the Cape Town police into a classical natural justice strike. While ordinary policemen were split between petitioners and younger, less hesitant radicals, there was considerable popular support for strikers’ claims, both within the Cape police body and the local white labour movement. The government used a strategy of provisional concessions to settle the dispute. In conclusion, it is suggested that the strike experience helped to strengthen associational bonds between lower-ranking policemen and that a commitment by the state to improved service conditions provided an anxious constabulary with a more secure ‘civilized labour’ identity in the post-World War I period.
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Latakgomo, Joe. "Black Politics in South Africa Today." Issue 18, no. 2 (1990): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501073.
Full textAbstract:
The political scene in South Africa today is perhaps one of the most complex in the modern world. The easiest analysis would be to have the white minority government on the one hand, and the back resistance and liberation organizations ranged against it on the other. Unfortunately, it is not that easy. The white minority itself is torn by divisions and differences in ideology, with essentially two divisions into the right-wing and the centrists. Both camps, however, are themselves divided into various notches on the scale to the right, but never beyond to the left of centrist. That position has been reserved for black politics, which is also positioned at various points on the scale to the left.
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Latakgomo, Joe. "Black Politics in South Africa Today." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 18, no. 2 (1990): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500003851.
Full textAbstract:
The political scene in South Africa today is perhaps one of the most complex in the modern world. The easiest analysis would be to have the white minority government on the one hand, and the back resistance and liberation organizations ranged against it on the other. Unfortunately, it is not that easy. The white minority itself is torn by divisions and differences in ideology, with essentially two divisions into the right-wing and the centrists. Both camps, however, are themselves divided into various notches on the scale to the right, but never beyond to the left of centrist. That position has been reserved for black politics, which is also positioned at various points on the scale to the left.
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Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito, Stefanus Supriyanto, and Hari Basuki Notobroto. "Indicators of Organizational Support in Implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4797.
Full textAbstract:
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Nowadays, the implementation of health informtion system in Indonesia still encounters a number of obstacles e.g. redundant data, activities duplication, data quality, data not in harmony with the necessities, report not submitted on time, unoptimized feedback, low information utilization, and inefficient resources. This research aimed to analyze the indicators of organizational support which were suspected as one of the obstacles of the implementation of Maternal and Child Health Information System in Health Office of Ngawi Regency. The population of this cross sectional research was all village midwives administratively in duty in the areas of Ngawi Regency in 2015. Data was taken from all member of populaton through questionnaire filling, which was then analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The result of data analysis suggested that the coefficient value that has been standardized from each indicators were as follows: supervisor support = 0.82, work condition = 0.80, and reard = 0.90. Indicators of organizational supportin implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System at Ngawi Regency Health Office, respectively from the most important are: reward, supervisor support, and work condition.</p>
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Balidemaj, Festina, and Albina Balidemaj. "Assessment of Role in Non-Governmental Organizations and Their Humanitarian Effort in Refugee Camps Worldwide." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p68-73.
Full textAbstract:
The relief and humanitarian effort of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in refugee camps worldwide requires prompt, coordinated, and effective interventions. As evident by the physicians and nurses make up of NGOs, a significant portion of such effort is focused on health care issues such as treating, managing, and preventing the spread of infectious diseases of refugees. In this literature-based project, the role of pharmacists in the relief efforts of NGOs is examined. Currently, pharmacists represent a small fraction (~9%) of the non-governmental organizations' task force, which undermines the invaluable potential of their contributions to the relief efforts. Student pharmacists should also be introduced to the role of non-governmental organizations' humanitarian efforts and the world of opportunities available in helping people under stress while being exposed to different cultures towards their own professional growth.
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Drzewiecka, A., K. Kwiatkowska, and A. Sobota. "The role of cholesterol and sphigomyelin in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and capping of Fcgamma receptor II." Acta Biochimica Polonica 46, no. 1 (March 31, 1999): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1999_4188.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-linking of cell surface receptors by multivalent ligands, e.g. by antibodies, evokes their clustering -- patching. Subsequently, these clusters can be translocated by the acto-myosin machinery toward one pole of the cell and assembly cap. Patching of FcgammaRII in U937 cells correlates with tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins while cap assembly correlates with their dephosphorylation. To study the mechanism of activation of tyrosine kinases during FcgammaRII activation we disturbed the organization of the putative plasma membrane microdomains by depletion of membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin. Cholesterol was removed with the use of beta-cyclodextrin while sphingomyelin was decomposed by exogenous sphingomyelinase. Cyclodextrin at 5-10 mM removed about 70% of cholesterol from the cells and abolished the assembly of FcgammaRII caps thereby arresting the receptors at the patching stage. Similarly, 70 mU/ml sphingomyelinase inhibited cap formation by 60%. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin depletion also suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins which accompanied cross-linking of FcgammaRII. The observations indicate that cholesterol and sphingomyelin can control the interactions of tyrosine kinases with clustered FcgammaRII.
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Moreno-Serna, Jaime, Teresa Sánchez-Chaparro, Javier Mazorra, Ander Arzamendi, Leda Stott, and Carlos Mataix. "Transformational Collaboration for the SDGs: The Alianza Shire’s Work to Provide Energy Access in Refugee Camps and Host Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020539.
Full textAbstract:
The potential for achieving transformation through partnerships is central to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. However, information on experiences that explore the processes that might generate systemic change is generally lacking. This article uses the Collaborative Value Creation (CVC) framework to analyze the transformational prospects of the Alianza Shire, the first multi-stakeholder partnership for humanitarian action in Spain. The partnership, which aims to develop innovative energy access solutions in refugee camps situated in the Shire region of northern Ethiopia is assessed from its creation in 2014 to the present with regard to four key partnership features: organizational engagement, resources and activities, partnership dynamics and impact. Our findings suggest that while the CVC framework is a useful tool for analyzing the evolution of a partnership to a transformative phase, additional information is required on the important role played by a partnership facilitator in assisting this process. This inquiry aims to build upon the CVC analysis by identifying and addressing some of the barriers faced by the Alianza Shire and other partnerships in attaining transformational outcomes and proposing two key enablers that can assist progression towards this: a facilitating organization that ensures the creation of collaborative shared value and an aspirational strategy for achieving significant systemic change.
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Sweis, Rania Kassab. "DOCTORS WITH BORDERS: HIERARCHIES OF HUMANITARIANS AND THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR." International Journal of Middle East Studies 51, no. 4 (November 2019): 587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000643.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn humanitarian studies, it is typically the white western doctor who stands apart as the cultural prototype or universal figure through which global aid is delivered to vulnerable groups. This article, by contrast, examines the experiences of members of a prominent Syrian-American global medical aid organization. The members of this organization provide life-saving emergency care to millions of Syrians affected by the ongoing civil war, both inside Syria and in surrounding refugee camps. Drawing on over four years (2014–18) of intermittent interviews and observations with these doctors, I suggest that they are positioned precariously within a global “hierarchy of humanitarians” that deems their lives less worthy of mobility and protection than others. In critically analyzing the unequal politics of humanitarianism that exists around the Syrian war, this research complicates our understandings of the givers of global aid, as well as the medical humanitarian encounter itself in times of war.
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Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito, Stefanus Supriyanto, and Hari Basuki Notobroto. "Indicators of Organizational Support in Implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v5i3.4797.
Full textAbstract:
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Nowadays, the implementation of health informtion system in Indonesia still encounters a number of obstacles e.g. redundant data, activities duplication, data quality, data not in harmony with the necessities, report not submitted on time, unoptimized feedback, low information utilization, and inefficient resources. This research aimed to analyze the indicators of organizational support which were suspected as one of the obstacles of the implementation of Maternal and Child Health Information System in Health Office of Ngawi Regency. The population of this cross sectional research was all village midwives administratively in duty in the areas of Ngawi Regency in 2015. Data was taken from all member of populaton through questionnaire filling, which was then analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The result of data analysis suggested that the coefficient value that has been standardized from each indicators were as follows: supervisor support = 0.82, work condition = 0.80, and reard = 0.90. Indicators of organizational support<br />in implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System at Ngawi Regency Health Office, respectively from the most important are: reward, supervisor support, and work condition.</p>
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Rogers, Beth, and Lillian Clark. "CABS: a conceptual model for context-aware B2B sales applications." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 10, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-03-2015-0023.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to propose a conceptual model that will guide development of mobile applications to support value-added business-to-business (B2B) sales activities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the concepts of context-aware applications and context-marketing, then examines B2B selling and the creation of value, utilizing Terho’s model of value-based selling, and presenting the potential role of context-aware B2B selling in creating value. Terho’s model is then combined with a taxonomy of context modeling to produce step-by-step a conceptual model for developing context-aware B2B sales applications (CABS). Findings – By mapping the context-aware application development taxonomy against each stage of Terho’s “value-based selling” model, the CABS model is proposed. This model provides a platform for the B2B salesforce, their customers and information technology (IT) staff to work together in developing requirements and prototypes for mobile B2B context-aware applications. Research limitations/implications – The CABS model would require empirical testing to assess its viability and suitability. This would initially be done via focus groups in targeted sales organizations. Practical implications – The CABS model could utilized by sales staff and their customers to develop requirements for mobile context-aware applications to support B2B activity. In addition, the CABS model could be utilized in joint application design processes to enable sales and IT staff to work together in developing prototype mobile applications. Originality/value – While context-aware applications are beginning to transform business-to-sale (B2C) sales activities, it is clear that B2B sales could also benefit from these types of applications, but little progress has been made in understanding or developing their potential. The CABS model enables B2B sales staff and their customers to recognize these benefits and facilitate working with IT staff in defining requirements and developing prototypes.
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Sah, Ashok Kumar, Rajesh Prasad Jayaswal, ,. Meenakshi, and M. Vijyasimha. "Causes of deferrals during blood donation on healthy people of Gurugram: A crossectional study." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2452.
Full textAbstract:
Blood transfusion is a life-saving process usually indicated for blood loss, surgical procedure, and accidental cases. The supply of blood to the recipients during emergency conditions are expected to be fulfilled by organizing blood donation camps especially at colleges, universities, offices, shopping malls, private/government organizations, army and police stations. Such camps collect essential information from the volunteer donors which may further help to study the causes of donor deferrals in different populations. In the present study, the causes of temporary and permanent deferral among the people of Gurugram was analyzed. In 431 donors registration, total deferrals cases were 110 and the most common reason for deferrals were anemia, low BP, animal bite, typhoid, and menstrual cycle etc. The number of female deferrals was higher than that of males. Our study revealed temporary and permanent deferral causes and motivated temporary deferral cases for future donations while those with permanent deferral conditions were advised for proper medications.
Keywords: Blood Donation, Donor, Deferral, Anemia, Transfusion
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Dorrance, Thomas. "“The Feller Sez”." Pacific Historical Review 88, no. 2 (2019): 208–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2019.88.2.208.
Full textAbstract:
Fred Ross trained a dizzying array of community organizers. His organizing strategies proved most influential in the Mexican-American community in California. Ross led voting drives in Los Angeles before travelling north to San Jose where he recruited Cesar Chavez to join the Community Service Organization (CSO) and began to instruct Chavez in techniques of community organizing. This article focuses on the development of Ross’s organizing techniques while working with dust bowl migrants in camps for migratory farmworkers funded by the Farm Security Administration. The New Deal, for Ross, provided an opportunity for community mobilization as he combined economic and cultural populism into a critique of California’s “factory farm” agricultural system.
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Ströbel, Tim, Christopher Maier, and Herbert Woratschek. "How to reduce turnover intention in team sports? Effect of organizational support on turnover intention of professional team sports athletes." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 8, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-05-2017-0032.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Turnover of employees is a key challenge for companies. The same is true for sports clubs that must set appropriate incentives to decrease their athletes’ turnover intention. As salary caps and team budgets restrict monetary incentives, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of organizational support on turnover intention of professional team sports athletes. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a combined approach of qualitative and quantitative research and considers the specific requirements of European professional team sports. First, a qualitative study investigates organizational support in team sports and identifies relevant non-monetary incentives. Second, a quantitative study tests the effects of the identified organizational support incentives on turnover intention using a unique data set of professional team sports athletes. Third, a moderation analysis measures possible effects of age. Findings Through the qualitative study, three relevant non-monetary incentives could be identified in the context of professional team sports: integration of family (IOF), second career support, and private problem support. The subsequent quantitative study of football, ice hockey and handball athletes assesses the effectiveness of the identified incentives. All three incentives negatively influence athletes’ turnover intention, while IOF has a substantially stronger negative effect on turnover intention for younger athletes. Originality/value The findings indicate the importance of organizational support to decrease athletes’ turnover intention. Although money is relevant, sports clubs also need to address non-monetary incentives to decrease their athletes’ turnover intention.
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Abdolmohammadi, Mohammad J. "Chief Audit Executives' Assessment of Internal Auditors' Performance Attributes by Professional Rank and Cultural Cluster." Behavioral Research in Accounting 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-50023.
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ABSTRACT This study explores chief audit executives' perceptions of the most important performance attributes of internal auditors by professional rank and cultural cluster. A large sample of chief audit executives (CAEs) from 19 countries located in five different cultural clusters was surveyed by the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation (CBOK 2006). Analysis of data generated by that survey indicates that while leadership attributes (e.g., negotiating) are perceived to be most important for upper ranks in internal auditing, technical skills (e.g., analytical) are most important for lower ranks. Also, based on the cultural relativism literature, I hypothesize and find evidence that the importance of performance attributes differs significantly by cultural cluster. For example, while Latin-American CAEs rated leadership attributes at higher levels than other cultural clusters for internal audit staff, the East-European chief audit executives assessed the importance of technical skills at higher levels than other clusters. The results of the survey provide important initial empirical support to the list of “ideal” and “desirable” performance attributes for internal auditors recently developed by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA 2009). Data Availability: The source of data used in this study is CBOK (2006) from the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation.
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Swartz, Rebecca. "Children In Between: Child Migrants from England to the Cape in the 1830s." History Workshop Journal 91, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbaa034.
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Abstract Between 1833 and 1841 the Children’s Friend Society, a London-based philanthropic organization, sent some eight hundred children from England to the Cape, where they were apprenticed to local settlers. This article focuses on two of them: Alfred Brooks, aged thirteen or fourteen, and twelve-year-old Elizabeth Foulger. Both of these children appear in archival traces because they transgressed and were subsequently disciplined by their masters. The article argues that a series of binaries shaped these young migrants’ lives: between infant and adult, black and white, and colonizer and colonized. The in-between status of the CFS apprentices had the potential to disrupt increasingly rigid hierarchies at the colonial Cape, during a time of significant social and political turmoil. The context of slave emancipation, as well as concerns over juvenile delinquency in London, affected these children’s experiences. Concerns over their categorization illustrate the complicated range of positions that migrant workers in the British empire could hold beyond simply ‘free’ and ‘unfree’. Thinking through the position of these young white emigrant workers in the post-emancipation Cape sheds light on the fragility of classed, gendered, racialized, adult and free identities in that context.
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Kalitanyi, Vivence, and Dick Jacobus (Kobus) Visser. "Social values as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Cape Town – South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (September 6, 2016): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-1).2016.05.
Full textAbstract:
An empirical study was conducted in Cape Town – South Africa – to determine whether social values (family, parents’ work and education) have an impact on entrepreneurship students in the universities of Cape Town, University of Stellenbosch, and University of the Western Cape, as well as Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The paper reviewed the literature about the role social values plays in the people’s lives. Respondents were the entrepreneurship university students. Data were collected in classrooms, and, in most cases, with the facilitation of both the lecturer and the researcher. Bivariate and multivariate tests of statistical significance were conducted, while Cronbach’s Alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research tool. Findings suggest that social values of the university students have an impact on their entrepreneurial intentions. The paper ends with recommendations to universities, entrepreneurship lecturers, parents, government and businesses, as well as civil society organizations. Keywords: social values, entrepreneurship intentions, university students, Cape Town. JEL Classification: Y4
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Sahu, Sabin, Tshering Wangchuk Bhutia, Varun Shrestha, Tejsu Malla, and Sanjay Kumar Singh. "Spectrum of ocular diseases in aftermath of monsoon flood in Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 9, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v9i4.26904.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Floods are common global natural disasters that occur occasionally in Nepal. Numerous environmental damages and health impacts are known to occur due to direct effect of flooding. There are limited studies reporting the ocular diseases after the event of floods using a large population data. We aimed to present the spectrum of flood-related ocular diseases after monsoon flood in Nepal using a community-based database.
Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was used to collect the data from diagnostic screening and treatment camps organized in flood-affected areas between one to three weeks after the monsoon flood in Nepal. The data was analyzed using the excel sheet and the results were presented in frequency and percentage in the frequency distribution tables.
Results: The children and elderly constituted majority of patients. Females constituted 54% while males were 46% of the total patients presenting at the camps. The incidence of infective ocular diseases was 23.8% and that of traumatic ocular injuries was 6.2% of total ocular diseases. Acute conjunctivitis was the most common infective ocular disease (21.1%) followed by keratitis (2.7%). Corneal abrasions (1.4%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (1.1%) and lid ecchymosis (0.7%) were common clinical diagnosis following traumatic ocular injury.
Conclusions: The infective ocular diseases and traumatic ocular injuries are common flood-related ocular diseases seen within one to three weeks after flood receded. The knowledge of these expected ocular morbidities may help for proper planning and organization of such relief camps. Early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can reduce the ocular morbidities.
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Ahmad, Shakeel, Jan Alam, and Shahid Rehman. "People Perception Towards the Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Provision of Health Facilities: Pragmatic Facts from Swat-Pakistan." Global Sociological Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2020(v-iii).12.
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This study entitled the people perception towards the role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the provision of health facilities in district Swat, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan" was conducted with objectives to measure the attitude of the target population about the NGOs intervention in the study area through pre and post-relationship on health facilities". A sample size of 230 out of 450 populations was selected through a simple random sampling procedure. The study concluded that the number of disabled centers increased, hygiene kits and sanitation kits were distributed, medical teams/doctors and medicines were provided by NGOs, mosquito nets distributed, the establishment of BHUs, mobile hospitals, and free medical camps were increased post-NGOs intervention as a significant change with the level of satisfaction of the locals. Based on the findings of the study, extend projects to other far plunged and neglected areas while incorporating all felt needs of the locals.
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Grenfell, Katarina. "Accountability in International Policing." Journal of International Peacekeeping 15, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2011): 92–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541110x540580.
Full textAbstract:
Accountability is critical in international policing. In order to be able to carry out its policing mandates, the UN needs to have competent and disciplined police officers subject to the rule of law. The UN has undertaken a host of measures to enhance accountability post reports of sexual exploitation and abuse in West African refugee camps in 2003. While prevention of misconduct is key, significant deficiencies remain in the legal framework for the accountability of UN police serving in post conflict countries. The UN needs to continue its work with Member States to close legal loopholes and ensure the accountability of its police so as to strengthen its ability to carry out its policing mandates. Further, the responsibility of the Organization may be incurred in respect of the acts and omissions of its police personnel.
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VINSON, ROBERT TRENT. "‘SEA KAFFIRS’: ‘AMERICAN NEGROES’ AND THE GOSPEL OF GARVEYISM IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY CAPE TOWN." Journal of African History 47, no. 2 (July 2006): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853706001824.
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This article demonstrates that black British West Indians and black South Africans in post-First World War Cape Town viewed ‘American Negroes’ as divinely ordained liberators from South African white supremacy. These South-African based Garveyites articulated a prophetic Garveyist Christianity that provided common ideological ground for Africans and diasporic blacks through leading black South African organizations like the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA), the African National Congress (ANC) and the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union (ICU). This study utilizes a ‘homeland and diaspora’ model that simultaneously offers an expansive framework for African history, redresses the relative neglect of Africa and Africans in African diaspora studies and demonstrates the impact of Garveyism on the country's interwar black freedom struggle.
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Arpin, M., E. Pringault, J. Finidori, A. Garcia, J. M. Jeltsch, J. Vandekerckhove, and D. Louvard. "Sequence of human villin: a large duplicated domain homologous with other actin-severing proteins and a unique small carboxy-terminal domain related to villin specificity." Journal of Cell Biology 107, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): 1759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.107.5.1759.
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Villin is a calcium-regulated actin-binding protein that caps, severs, and bundles actin filaments in vitro. This 92,500-D protein is a major constituent of the actin bundles within the microvilli of the brush border surface of intestinal and kidney proximal tubule cells. Villin is a very early marker of cells involved in absorption and its expression is highly increased during intestinal cell differentiation. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence revealed that human villin is composed of three domains. The first two domains appear as the result of a duplication: their structural organization is similar. We can then define a basic unit in which a slightly hydrophilic motif is followed by three hydrophobic motifs, similar between themselves and regularly spaced. The duplicated domain is highly homologous to three other actin-severing proteins and this basic structure represents the whole molecule in severin and fragmin, while two basic units compose gelsolin. The third domain which is carboxy terminal is villin specific: it is unique among actin modulating proteins so far known. It could account for its actin-binding properties (dual regulation by calcium of severing and bundling activities). We propose that it may also be related to the subcellular localization of villin in different epithelial cell types.
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Kedia, Satish, Kenneth Daniel Ward, Siri Alicia Digney, Bianca Michelle Jackson, Kristina S. Roark, Stephanie W. Boyd, and Raymond U. Osarogiagbon. "Organizational barriers to receiving quality health care: A qualitative study among lung cancer patients and caregivers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.76.
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76 Background: For lung cancer patients and caregivers, navigating the healthcare system while coping with the complexities of the illness is challenging. We explored organizational barriers to receiving quality healthcare from the perspectives of these stakeholders. Methods: A qualitative study involving 10 focus groups (5 of patients, 5 of caregivers) was conducted. Discussions were guided by a standardized script, recorded for transcription, and analyzed using Dedoose software. Results: 22 patients (10 Males/12 Females; 15 Caucasians and 7 African Americans) and 24 caregivers (6 Males /18 Females; 17 Caucasians and 7 African Americans) shared their experiences. Content analysis showed 5 recurring themes: (1) Insurance Issues: Delays in diagnosis or treatment were reported due to lack of insurance, lag time in insurance approvals and care processing, uncertainty about coverage, and caps for tests and/or office visits. (2) Appointment Scheduling: Participants reported appointment delays and rescheduling, long wait times, cancellations by providers, and inflexibility to accommodate schedules. (3) Provider Communication: Communication was lacking at times in initial diagnosis disclosure, prognosis and treatment preparation, willingness to answer questions in lay terms, and time dedicated to patients during appointments. (4) Patient Education: Participants had inadequate knowledge about lung cancer, treatment options and duration, prognosis, and relied on providers to educate and direct them to credible resources. Many felt confused, frustrated, anxious, or fatalistic. (5) Healthcare System Support: Participants found support within the healthcare system extremely beneficial, when available, for coping with lung cancer, expediting appointments, seeking information, connecting with physicians, and receiving timely diagnosis and treatments. Conclusions: These findings offer valuable insight into lung cancer patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives on organizational barriers to receiving quality care. By identifying these barriers for lung cancer patients and caregivers, better planning and management of effective cancer services can be developed.
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Koca-Helvacı, Zeynep Cihan. "Boon or Bane? Discursive Construction of the Shale Gas Controversy." Dialogue & Discourse 8, no. 2 (November 17, 2017): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2017.206.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores strategies in pro and anti-shale organizations’ discourse by combining the Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak, 2001) with corpus linguistics. With the help of keyword lists, collocations, concordances, and key semantic domains, the representations of shale gas extraction, relevant actors and argumentation schemes in opposing discourses of the pro-shale Marcellus Shale Coalition and anti-shale Americans Against Fracking were analyzed. The findings of the study show that the advocates presented shale gas as a bonus for the crisis-struck American society while backgrounding its environmental impacts. The opponents, on the other hand, represented shale gas as a threat to the American ecosystem and public health through an alarming and scientific discourse. The empirical findings of this study add to a growing body of literature on discursive strategies employed by opposing camps of environmental controversies.
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Holmgren, Derek. "Managing Displaced Populations: The Friedland Transit Camp, Refugees, and Resettlement in Cold War Germany." Central European History 53, no. 2 (June 2020): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938920000138.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the resettlement of displaced populations in both postwar German states from 1945 to 1955. Specifically, it investigates who were the displaced populations circulating between the occupation zones, and what methods the German civil governments and occupying military authorities used to aid and resettle them. Through a case study of the Friedland refugee transit camp, this article argues for an expansive understanding of the term “refugee” to include more groups, ranging from Displaced Persons and German expellees to returning prisoners of war and civil internees. It further contends that transit camps were the linchpin in a system to render humanitarian aid, bring refugee movement under state control, and resettle the displaced. Analysis of camp operations and resident populations reveals the state as humanitarian actor in addition to international and charitable organizations, while also complicating the Cold War mythology of Friedland as the “Gateway to Freedom.”
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Philip, Phinse Mappalakayil, Priyakanta Nayak, Sairu Philip, Neethu Ambali Parambil, Karthickeyan Duraisamy, and Satheesan Balasubramanian. "Population-based cancer screening through community participation: Outcome of a district wide oral cancer screening program from rural Kannur, Kerala, India." South Asian Journal of Cancer 07, no. 04 (October 2018): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_104_17.
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Abstract Background: Oral cancer is a major public health challenge, and about one-fifth of all oral cancer cases reported globally are from India. In spite of the potential for early detection by simple visual examination, the majority of patients report in later stages of the disease, especially in low and middle-income countries. We report the results from a district level population-based oral cancer screening program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among people aged >15 years in 48 panchayats of Kannur district in Kerala, India. This comprehensive multi-stakeholder district-wide screening was carried out in six stages including planning, sensitization, recruiting of community volunteers and training, survey, organization of specialist camps and referring to cases to cancer center. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using EpiData analysis software (Version 2.2.2.180). Results: Among the 1,061,088 people in 265,272 houses surveyed, 2507 of them attended the screening camps, and 13 oral cancers and 174 oral precancers were detected. Majority of the oral cancer patients were male (69%), with primary education or illiterate (62%) and low socioeconomic status (61%). Five of the patients diagnosed with early-stage cancer are alive and have good oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Detection of precancerous and early-stage cancers should be a priority of oral cancer screening programs. The possible key for addressing cancer screening needs of the rural population is to equip the primary health centers in cancer screening activities with available human resources while adapting to local context.
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Trumpy, Alexa J., and Marissa Elliott. "You Lead Like a Girl: Gender and Children’s Leadership Development." Sociological Perspectives 62, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 346–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121418808800.
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Recent leadership initiatives encourage children, particularly girls, to defy gender stereotypes. Yet, those creating and participating in these initiatives, like all members of our culture, have their own gender biases, have received gender socialization, and live in a society where the masculine is more valued than the feminine. We conducted participant observation of two gender-segregated leadership summer camps to examine how camp counselors and directors teach leadership to boys and girls. We find counselors unintentionally reinforce gender stereotypes and promote gender-typical behavior while attempting to break down these same stereotypes and behavioral expectations. We argue the gender-segregated environment leads to a problematic “separate but equal” approach to thinking about leadership that advances the individual abilities of boys and girls but does less to decrease gender disparities in emotional development, physical competition, or leadership styles. This research contributes to our understanding of how well-intentioned organizations and authorities, seeking to minimize gender disparities and develop strong leaders, unwittingly reproduce gender differences and perpetuate gender inequality.
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Wozniak, Jesse SG. "Iraq and the material basis of post-conflict police reconstruction." Journal of Peace Research 54, no. 6 (September 1, 2017): 806–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317704502.
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Existing scientific literature on post-conflict police reconstruction is largely divided between two camps. The first, and most widely employed in practice, can be termed a neo-liberal model, which argues progress comes through technological and organizational sophistication delivered by Western officials. This neo-liberal model has been the guiding principle of the reconstruction of the Iraqi state and police force. However, many scholars have argued this model is woefully inadequate for post-conflict reconstruction and have instead developed an alternative approach which can be termed a reflexive model. Similar to what is known as fourth generation peacebuilding in the International Relations literature, the reflexive model stresses building relationships with local stakeholders and relying on indigenous knowledge to guide post-conflict reconstruction. Drawing from 48 intensive interviews, 87 qualitative surveys, and six months of ethnographic examination of an Iraqi police training academy, this article argues that both the neo-liberal and reflexive models suffer from ignoring the material basis of reconstruction. This article employs the term ‘material’ in the theoretical sense; while police reconstruction programs spend significant effort on reshaping the ideologies of police, few address the real conditions police face, from the necessary levels of funding and equipment in their training centers, to basic concerns such as adequate pay to draw qualified applicants and prevent corruption. This study examines how economic inequality affects the ‘other side’ of conflicts, the security sector. The central finding is that the material deprivation experienced by Iraqi police has resulted in an underqualified force consisting of uninterested officers whose capacity and skill deficits have fed directly into the rise of powerful non-state organizations such as the Islamic State. This article explicates a central underlying cause of the problem with the reconstruction of the Iraqi police specifically and the larger case of neo-liberal post-conflict police reconstruction generally.
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Zainutdinov, D. R., and A. G. Gataullin. "«The Constitution of Karel Kramář»: A Draft of Presidential Republic for Russia." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.121.12.011-022.
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Abstract. The paper is devoted to the examination of the possibility of establishing a presidential republic in Russia after 1917. The authors have investigated the legal stance of the conservative-liberal and liberal-democratic camps in relation to the applicability of the American constitutional model for the organization of the highest executive power. The main part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the draft “Constitution of the Russian State” compiled by the Czech statesman Karel Kramář. The paper has examined the rules of the “Constitution of the Russian State” devoted to the legal status and powers of the Head of State. The study methodology includes such general scientific methods as analysis, comparison, techniques of logic, etc. Private legal methods allowed the authors to reveal and explain the meaning of the “Constitution of the Russian State” (the method of legal hermeneutics), as well as to compare the legal categories and institutions Karel Kramář used to form a presidential republic in Russia (the comparative-legal method). The authors conclude that the draft “Constitution of the Russian State” became one of the specific reflections of “white” constitutionalism.
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Ghorbanzadeh, O., D. Tiede, Z. Dabiri, M. Sudmanns, and S. Lang. "DWELLING EXTRACTION IN REFUGEE CAMPS USING CNN – FIRST EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS LEARNT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1 (September 26, 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-161-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> There is a growing use of Earth observation (EO) data for support planning in humanitarian crisis response. Information about number and dynamics of displaced population in camps is essential to humanitarian organizations for decision-making and action planning. Dwelling extraction and categorisation is a challenging task, due to the problems in separating different dwellings under different conditions, with wide range of sizes, colour and complex spatial patterns. Nowadays, so-called deep learning techniques such as deep convolutional neural network (CNN) are used for understanding image content and object recognition. Although recent developments in the field of computer vision have introduced CNN networks as a practical tool also in the field of remote sensing, the training step of these techniques is rather time-consuming and samples for the training process are rarely transferable to other application fields. These techniques also have not been fully explored for mapping camps. Our study analyses the potential of a CNN network for dwelling extraction to be embedded as initial step in a comprehensive object-based image analysis (OBIA) workflow. The results were compared to a semi-automated, i.e. combined knowledge-/sample-based, OBIA classification. The Minawao refugee camp in Cameroon served as a case study due to its well-organised, clearly distinguishable dwelling structure. We use manually delineated objects as initial input for the training samples, while the CNN network is structured with two convolution layers and one max pooling.</p>
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Horstmann. "An American Hero: Faith-Based Emergency Health Care in Karen State, Myanmar and Beyond." Religions 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10090503.
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This article examines the vastly expanded mobility of displaced Karen villagers in the evangelical humanitarian movement, the Free Burma Rangers. This builds on ethnographic fieldwork on humanitarian cultures in the Thai-Burmese borderlands conducted since 2007 with a Thai research team and funded by Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious Diversity. While refugees are too often presented as victims, the article argues that by joining the mission, the Karen freedom fighters become ambassadors of a political ideology and evangelism. Bringing Christianity with them from their displaced homes, displaced Karen meet the evangelical humanitarian organization in the Karen hills or in the Thai refugee camps, train with them, and supply the villagers left behind with emergency health care and religious messages. Sponsored by American evangelical churches, the US military, and resettled Karen communities in the West, the freedom fighters of the Free Burma Rangers mobilize people and resources all over the globe. Recently, they have expanded their operations beyond Myanmar to places as far as Syria, Iraq and South Sudan, thus getting involved in what it presents as a global struggle between good and evil.