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Wong, Yuk-see. "White collar crime : major bank fraud cases in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12840361.
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Wong, Yuk-see, and 黃玉司. "White collar crime: major bank fraud cases inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976426.
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Bartels, Tyler. "An Overview and Examination of the Prevention and Punishment of White Collar Crimes." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1571.
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White-collar crime is explained from an economist’s perspective. Economic models typically begin by assuming individuals behave rationally. By extension, economic models of crime suggest that white-collar criminals may be acting more rationally than a casual observer may assume. This thesis will identify the benefits and drawbacks of different regulations and laws by exploring several case studies of white-collar events.B.S.B.A.
Bachelors
Economics
Business Administration
4
Bhagwat, Tanya A. Marshall Linda L. "Relationship between Fortune 500 companies with regulatory violations and/or criminal offenses and resulting stock values." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12083.
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Aranha, Maira Fabio. "An Exploratory Study of the Variation in Japan's Embezzlement Rates via Institutional Anomie Theory." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967878091&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lee, Wai-tak. "A study of white-collar crime : the circumvention of the textiles export control system of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649488.
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Fun, Yu-jing, and 范優晶. "Surreal estate: Hong Kong's property sector and white-collar crime discourse: y Yujing Fun." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47869525.
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It has been claimed by some that Hong Kong, the world’s freest economy, is
without corruption or other kinds of white-collar crime. Statistical sources suggest
that these crimes are indeed rare in the city. This study examined those claims by
looking at the practices of Hong Kong’s real estate industry, specifically through the
lens of a case study on 39 Conduit Road. The property development known as 39
Conduit Road became the centre of controversy in June 2010 when the developer,
Henderson Land, was accused of market manipulation. The study found that many
common practices in the real estate industry, such as intimidation and deception,
could constitute an abuse of power by real estate developers. The abuse of power,
especially when done in the course of an occupation, is a fundamental part of the
sociological discourse of white-collar crime. The study concluded therefore that it
was not that white-collar crime did not exist in Hong Kong but more that these
behaviours were structurally rendered invisible. The study located the failure to
observe these abuses in the city’s power structure where the local government used
its economic policy of laissez faire to turn issues into non-issues, and in its legal
culture where ambiguity in the law was construed as a right to act.published_or_final_version
Sociology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Jaskolski, Dorothee Violetta. "Wirtschaftsstrafrecht im polnischen Strafgesetzbuch /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/363791272.pdf.
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Leong, Soi Wan. "A self-report survey on occupational crime and gambling-related crime and deviance committed by personnel working in Macau gaming industry." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953496.
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Lee, Wai-tak, and 李偉德. "A study of white-collar crime: the circumvention of the textiles export control system of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978113.
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Keyser, John G. "Economic performance and corporate structure: an analysis of corporate crime causation." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94508.
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The objective of this study was to assess the affect of economic performance, relative performance and corporate structure on the frequency of corporate crime. The data utilized in this study were obtained from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and were originally collected by Marshall Clinard and Peter Yeager (1979). In addition to this data source, disaggregated economic data were collected in order to assess the volatility of economic performance for the corporations in the study. The collected data were then merged with the existing data set using the corporate identification numbers provided with an agreement of anonymity.
Pearsons's r was used to assess the zero-order relationships among all the variables in the analysis. A series of T-tests were also performed to examine whether offending corporations had significantly lower economic performance measures than did their non-offending counterparts. Finally, multiple regression techniques were utilized to assess the predictive capability of economic performance and corporate structure on corporate offending.
The bivariate analysis showed little correlation among the economic performance variables and the total and total serious violation categories. Concentration and diversification were significantly correlated with the violation categories. Diversification was also found to be highly correlated in a negative direction with all of the volatility measures. Similar results were found when analyzing the relative performance measures.
When comparing the mean economic scores of offending and non-offending corporations, mean performance was generally lower among offending corporations. Offending corporations, however, were shown to experience less economic volatility than their non-offending counterparts. With respect to relative performance, offending corporations were found to have lower mean economic performance measures than non-offending firms. However, offenders were found to be less volatile relative to their industry than non-offenders.
The regression analysis revealed a positive relationship with the trend of profit and a negative relationship with volatility of profit, both contradict theoretical expectations. In addition, the structural variables were found to be positively related to corporate violations, but they had little mediational effect with respect to the economic variables, as hypothesized.
Based on the findings of this study, the limitations and implication for an economic explanation of corporate offending are discussed.M.S.
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Landin, Lanker Vinícius Borges Silva. "A IMPUNIDADE E A SELETIVIDADE DOS CRIMES DE COLARINHO BRANCO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2716.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-26This dissertation analyzes the white-collar crimes, selectivity and impunity. The investigation of this criminal modality is of paramount importance to Brazil, because contrary to what presents itself, this is one of the criminal activities that brings more harm to the Brazilian society, generating high financial losses, as the case of Petrobras, which is being investigated by Operation Lava jet. Even being involved in criminal activities, the white-collar criminals are not stereotyped as dangerous people to society, unlike what happens, for example, with the thieves. The stereotyping suffered by some criminals is one of the lines of the punishment selectivity of the approach in Brazil. White-collar crimes receive different treatment, if not privileged. The society, laws and agencies responsible for investigating and punishing those who commit crime have a greater tendency to promote exemplary punishment to common criminals, since these are considered dangerous to society. However, for the criminals of high society, the same punishment is not required, because this class is rarely labeled as a class of offenders. In addition, its close relationship with the media that allows use this to form and transmit a good social image. It is emphasized that impunity is taken for all crimes, but is more present in so-called white-collar crimes. For the research the hypothetical-deductive and statistical methods were used. The main findings are pessimistic , since impunity and selectivity serve as power maintenance tool of the great white-collar criminals , so the likelihood is remote to achieve modify the Brazilian criminal reality.
Esta dissertação analisa os crimes de colarinho branco, a seletividade e a impunidade. A investigação dessa modalidade criminosa é de suma importância para o Brasil, pois ao contrário do que se apresenta, essa é uma das práticas delituosas que mais danos traz à sociedade brasileira, gerando elevados prejuízos financeiros, como o caso da Petrobras, o qual está sendo investigado pela Operação Lava Jato. Mesmo estando envolvidos com atividades delituosas, os criminosos de colarinho branco não são estereotipados como pessoas perigosas para a sociedade, diferentemente do que ocorre, por exemplo, com os ladrões. A estereotipização sofrida por alguns criminosos é uma das linhas da abordagem da seletividade da punição no Brasil. Os crimes de colarinho branco recebem tratamento diferenciado, para não dizer privilegiado. A sociedade, as leis e os órgãos responsáveis pela investigação e punição de quem comete crime possuem uma grande tendência em promover a punição exemplar aos criminosos comuns, uma vez que estes são tidos como perigosos para sociedade. No entanto, em relação aos criminosos da alta sociedade, a mesma punição não é exigida, pois essa classe raramente é etiquetada como classe de delinquentes. Ademais, sua relação de proximidade com a mídia permite com que use desta para formar e transmitir uma boa imagem social. Ressalta-se que a impunidade é verificada em todos os crimes, mas se faz mais presente nos chamados crimes de colarinho branco. Para a realização da pesquisa foram utilizados os métodos hipotético-dedutivo e estatístico. Os principais resultados encontrados são pessimistas, posto que a impunidade e a seletividade servem como instrumento de manutenção do poder dos grandes criminosos do colarinho branco, sendo assim é remota a possibilidade de se conseguir modificar a realidade criminal brasileira.
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Veras, Ryanna Pala. "Os crimes do colarinho branco na perspectiva da sociologia criminal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7468.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-22This work analises, in the sociological macro level, which perspective should be applied to study white collar crimes in criminology. The sistematic study of crime has begun in the beginning of the XVIII century with the Classic School, however, it has been in the end of the XIX century that emerged the sociologycal studies of crime, influenced by the works of Durkheim. In the beginning of the XX century, sociology has turned an universitary discipline, in the University of Chicago, where has been developped the first sociologycal theory of crime, the Chicago School. Then, the sociology has been divided in two distinct levels, the micro level sociology, which studies the interaction between society and man, and the macro level, which studies the society's structure. The term white collar crime was criated by the american sociologist Edwin Sutherland, in 1939. For him, white collar crime is that one commited by respectable person from the high social class, in his business. Sutherland noted that the punishment of these crimes was less commom than the punishment of the ordinary crimes. The macro level theories which considered this question were the anomie theory, labeling approach, conflict criminology and critical criminology. The first one has analised the theme in the etiologic perspective and the others has used the perspective of social reaction. The etiologic perspective intends to find an ontologic substract in crime and reveal its causes. The perspective of social reaction considers the crime a criation of the criminal system, by the selection of actions, interpretation and a final definition in a judicial sentence. This work intends to demonstrate that the study of white collar crimes should addopt the social reaction perspective, because, it should answer in first place the question: why the white collar crimes are not absorved by the criminal system? As it's impossible to obtain some reliable sample to develop etiologic studies if the real forces that control the penal system and the society were not revealed
O trabalho analisa, na óptica da macrossociologia, qual o paradigma deve ser utilizado para se estudar os crimes do colarinho branco em criminologia. O estudo sistematizado do delito se iniciou no século XVIII com a Escola Clássica, entretanto, foi no fim do século XIX que surgiram os estudos sociológicos do delito, influenciados pelo trabalho de Durkheim. No início do século XX a sociologia se tornou disciplina universitária, na Universidade de Chicago, dando origem à primeira teoria sociológica do delito, a chamada Escola de Chicago. Então, a sociologia passou a se desenvolver em duas linhas distintas, a microssociologia, que estuda a interação entre a sociedade e o indivíduo e a macrossociologia, que se detém no estudo da sociedade. Crimes do colarinho branco foi um termo criado pelo sociólogo norte-americano Edwin Sutherland, em 1939. Para ele crime do colarinho branco é aquele cometido por pessoa de respeito e elevada classe social, no exercício de sua atividade. Suhterland percebeu que a punição de tais delitos era bem menor do que a punição dos crimes ditos comuns. As teorias macrossociológicas que abordaram os crimes do colarinho branco foram a teoria da anomia, o labeling approach, a criminologia do conflito e a criminologia crítica. A primeira o fez sob o paradigma etiológico e as demais adotaram o paradigma da reação social. O paradigma etiológico busca no delito um conteúdo ontológico e, assim, revelar suas causas. O paradigma da reação social entende que o delito é um fenômeno criado pelo sistema penal, por meio da seleção de condutas, interpretação e definição final em uma sentença. A dissertação pretende demonstrar que o estudo dos delitos do colarinho branco deve adotar o paradigma da reação social, pois deve, necessariamente, responder em primeiro lugar a pergunta: por que os crimes do colarinho branco não são absorvidos pelo sistema penal? Pois, não há como se obter qualquer amostra confiável para realizar estudos etiológicos se não forem desvendadas as verdadeiras forças que regem o sistema penal e informam a própria organização social como um todo
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Fresco, Joana Costa Pereira. "As burlas como crime económico: um olhar sobre o crime e características dos ofensores." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4769.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em CriminologiaA Criminalidade Económica, também muitas vezes referenciada como Crimes de Colarinho Branco centra-se numa temática de importante relevância no contexto social atual. Cada vez mais, se verifica a evolução de uma sociedade consumista, onde lucros e o ganho financeiro e monetário dos indivíduos começa a demonstrar um papel central na sua vivência e experiência do dia-a-dia. Não tão notados encontram-se crimes económicos mais pequenos, como é o caso de burla a título individual e não a título organizacional. Sendo assim, este estudo pretende abordar a temática das burlas tendo como principal alvo os seus ofensores. Pretende-se aprofundar o conhecimento relativamente aos mesmos, procurando criar uma tipologia que os possa diferenciar e caraterizar. Este estudo revelou a existência de uma tipologia ao nível do “modus operandi” destes ofensores, dando origem aos ofensores designados por ofensores oportunistas e ofensores predadores, conforme as suas caraterísticas representativas. Tornou possível ainda uma comparação entre os diferentes estudos e informações empíricas já existentes relativamente à grande Criminalidade Económica, procedendo-se a conclusões que distanciam e aproximam os ofensores cujas vítimas são na maioria indivíduos e ofensores cujas vítimas são na sua maioria corporações e organizações. Este estudo procurou ainda tentar relacionar algumas caraterísticas pessoais relativamente ao seu meio social, com caraterísticas encontradas em ofensores de Crimes de Colarinho Branco.
The economic crimes, many times referred as White Collar Crimes, develop a major role in the actual social concept. A social evolution through consumerism has been noted leading individuals to embrace profit and personal wealth as a priority. Nevertheless few attention has been drawn to smaller types of economics crimes like low profile scams. This study intents to increase knowledge about the offenders responsible for this type of crime. It also thrives to feature the common main characteristics and differences between these types of offenders through the development of a typology. It has been shown in this paper that the offenders can be grouped according to their modus operandi which led to the upbringing of the concept related to two types of offenders: the opportunistic offender and the predator offender. This study also enabled a comparison between the information acquired from the literature and the data acquired from this investigation. Thus it was possible to relate some of the personal characteristics of the offenders responsible for scams with the characteristics of the White Collar Crime offenders.
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Panoeiro, José Maria de Castro. "Política criminal e direito penal econômico: um estudo interdisciplinar dos crimes econômicos e tributários." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7235.
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Este trabalho toma como objeto o Direito Penal Econômico em perspectiva interdisciplinar, no contexto da Constituição da República e, portanto, do Estado Democrático de Direito. Os propósitos são os seguintes: Analisar os vínculos entre modelo sócio-econômico, política criminal e paradigma punitivo. Identificar perspectivas do Direito Penal Econômico, no cenário contemporâneo de sociedade de risco. Examinar pressupostos, vertentes e abordagem do Direito Penal Tributário, com enfoque na abordagem social do bem jurídico tributário, do delito fiscal, da lavagem de dinheiro, na esteira dos crimes do colarinho branco. Do ponto de vista metodológico, desenvolveu-se pesquisa descritiva, baseada no modelo crítico-dialético, apoiada no pressuposto de que a trajetória do Direito Penal e sua inserção na seara econômica e tributária acompanham as contradições e valores sócio-filosóficos dominantes na sociedade. Nesse passo, com base na doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência nacional e estrangeira, procede-se à releitura do Direito Penal Econômico, a partir da Constituição e do modelo de Estado Social, que admite a intervenção no domínio econômico, no intuito de promover a justiça social. Além disso, procede-se à análise de sistemas penais de diversos países, para verificar, no cenário da globalização econômica e da aproximação das questões relacionadas à delinquência econômica, como são enfrentados problemas relacionados à configuração, à persecução e a punição de tais delitos. A conclusão aponta para a necessidade de construção de uma Política Criminal do Direito Penal Econômico que tome em consideração variáveis relacionadas à Economia e aos Princípios do Direito Penal, de molde a promover ajustamento do sistema penal aos valores e princípios constitucionais, promovendo o equilíbrio entre interesses individuais e coletivos.The work takes as an object the economic criminal law in its connections with the Criminal Policy in the context of the Brazilian Constitution and seeks to achieve the following purposes: to analyze the links between socio-economic model, criminal policy and punitive paradigm. Identify prospects of economic criminal law in the contemporary scenario of risk society. Examine assumptions, strands and Tax criminal law approach, focusing on social welfare tax legal approach, fiscal crime, money laundering, in the wake of white-collar crimes. From the methodological point of view, descriptive research was developed, based on dialectic-critical model, based on the assumption that the trajectory of the criminal law and its insertion in the economic field and accompanying tax the contradictions and socio-philosophical dominant values in society. At this rate, based on the doctrine, legislation and national and foreign jurisprudence, rereading of economic criminal law, from the Constitution and the welfare state model, which admits the intervention in the economic domain, in order to promote social justice. In addition, we analysis penal systems of various countries, to verify, in the scenario of economic globalization and the approximation of issues related to economic crime, as are facing problems related to configuration, the prosecution and punishment of such crimes. The conclusion points to the need for construction of a Criminal Policy of economic criminal law to take into account variables related to the economy and to the principles of criminal law, such as to promote adjustment of the penal system to constitutional values and principles, promoting a balance between individual and collective interests.
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McCormick, Cameron Anthony. "Get mad, stay mad : exploring stakeholder mobilization in the instance of corporate fraud and Ponzi schemes." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Management, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3248.
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Using a multi-case study, three Ponzi schemes were investigated: Road2Gold, Bernie
Madoff’s empire, and the Earl Jones affair. This grounded study used an inductive
bottom-up methodology to observe and describe stakeholder mobilization in reaction to
corporate fraud. This research on stakeholder behaviour in Ponzi schemes articulates
new theory for describing stakeholder behaviour and possible determinants for successful
mobilization to action. The data presented here point to a useful distinction in the
stakeholders in a corporate fraud: reluctant and engaged stakeholders. Reluctant
stakeholders seek only interest-based ends, whereas engaged stakeholders have additional
identity and ideological goals shared by a mobilized group.viii, 85 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Castillo-Pekarcik, Elena. "A study of employee theft in hospitals." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/875.
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Mascolo, Robert. "The significance of white-collar crime /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 2004. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/business/2004/thesis_bus_2004_masco_signi.pdf.
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Bethune, Richard Alan. "Profiling white-collar criminals : what is white-collar crime, who perpetrates it and why?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10609.
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Following a period of resurgence in academic interest in the subject over the last 30-40 years, white-collar crime has found greater prominence within criminology. Efforts over this period have however failed to produce a single satisfactory and agreed-upon definition, a consistent and coherent body of research, and a single theory which can account for all forms of white-collar crime. This thesis aims to address certain shortcomings in the current state of white-collar crime theory and understanding. Part 1) addresses the issues of both conceptual definition of white-collar crime and specific behaviours as proscribed within the Legislation. Part 2) examines current criminological theory and research on individual differences (arguably the biggest gap in current knowledge in the area of white-collar crime); it examines the origins and current state of offender profiling in crime prevention, before Part 3) presents original research on establishing offence-specific white-collar criminal profiles based on demographic, sociological, psychological, organisational and motivational factors. Part 4) examines why certain individuals may perpetrate certain crimes in certain situations, beginning with a review of those few white-collar crime specific theories that do exist, before reviewing traditional sociological theories and attempting to apply them to white-collar crime; finally in Part 5) a new conceptual framework for white-collar crime is presented, which is referred to as the theory of ‘Differential Assimilation’. I bring together each of these chapters and situate the thesis within current research and literature, summarising how it engages and contributes to the field of white-collar crime. I include suggestions for the practical application of certain white-collar crime prevention techniques within organisations.
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Bhagwat, Tanya A. "Relationship between Fortune 500 companies with regulatory violations and/or criminal offenses and resulting stock values." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12083/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether publicly disclosed violations by U.S corporations, resulting in convictions or settlements, erode shareholder investment in the offending organizations. This study was designed to assess whether or not the shareholders' reactions to corporations' violations were related to a decline in organizations' stock valuations across sectors. In addition, this study attempted to assess whether or not shareholder support, expressed by stock prices, declined more after a corporation was prosecuted or reached a settlement for violations, as compared to corporations that disclosed earnings disappointments. Also, this study investigated the stock prices of violating corporations compared to the non-offending corporations from within the same business sector, as well as considered the percentage decline for repeat offenders for violation two compared to violation one. Opposite to hypothesis, results showed that stock prices for the violating companies were significantly greater 12 months after the violation compared to the other months and no significant differences in percent decline between the eight sectors on any of the five decline measures. There were also no differences between violating companies and their matched companies. Companies with a violation had significantly greater stock prices overall than those without a violation.
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Ray, James V. "Psychopathy, Attitudinal Beliefs, and White Collar Crime." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3889.
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Psychopathy has become a highly researched personality disorder in order to better understand criminal and violent behavior (Hare, 1993). Measures of psychopathy have proven to be useful tools in predicting outcomes of institutionalized populations by predicting future dangerousness (Hare, 1999). While several experts in the field of psychopathy allude to the idea of the successful psychopath and their presence in the corporate world (Hare, 1993; Babiak & Hare, 2006), very little research has been done in this area. The current study builds upon the small amount of empirical research by testing hypotheses regarding the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and intentions to engage in white collar crime. Using a sample of 181 university students, psychopathic personality traits were measured using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory - Revised (PPI-R). In addition, scales were developed to measure attitudes toward white collar offending and vignettes were constructed to measures intentions to engage in white collar crime. Four relationships are of primary focus: 1.) Do psychopathic personality traits account for variability in attitudes toward white collar crime?; 2.) Do attitudes toward white collar crime correlate with intentions to engage in white collar crime?; 3.) Are psychopathic personality traits related to intentions to offend and?; 4.) Do attitudes toward offending mediate the relationship between psychopathy and intentions to offend? A major finding is that the Self-Centered Impulsivity factor of the PPI-R accounts for a significant amount of variance in intentions to engage in white collar crime and environmental crime. Additional relationships between psychopathy, attitudes, and intentions are also discussed.
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Peixoto, Patrícia Daniela Fernandes. "Psicopatia empresarial e criminalidade económica: ao encontro do psicopata "bem-sucedido"." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4937.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção de grau de Mestre em CriminologiaA presente dissertação de mestrado prende-se em um maior aprofundamento e entendimento sobre o conceito de psicopatia empresarial e se população em geral possui percepção dos diferentes traços de personalidade que completam este tipo de distúrbio, assim como a problemática dos psicopatas "bem-sucedido" e o seu impacto na sociedade e onde este se encontra. Para o efeito torna-se necessária uma abordagem ao distúrbio de personalidade psicopática e como esta se difere da sociopatia e do transtorno de personalidade antissocial. Desta forma torna-se necessária uma abordagem relativa a evolução do conceito assim como aos diferentes instrumentos de avaliação e diagnostico da psicopatia, assim como o seu enquadramento legal em Portugal. De forma a embarcar no tema da psicopatia empresarial, torna-se importante estudar o fenómeno da criminalidade económica e as suas implicâncias, assim como as características dos seus ofensores para um melhor entendimento de como os psicopatas se incluem no mundo corporativo. A inclusão de um psicopata em corporações pode provocar efeitos negativos na mesma, assim torna-se necessário que a população consiga perceber e identificar um psicopata de forma a saber lidar com o mesmo, no entanto é necessário apontar que nem todos os psicopatas são criminosos como poderá ser observado nesta mesma dissertação.
The current master's dissertation assembles in a deeper understanding of the concept of corporate psychopathy and the perception of the different personality traits among the general population as well as the definition and understanding about the "successeful" psychopath. In order to achieve knowledge to put up a study about social perceptions there's a need to understand the difference between psychopathy, antisocial disorder and sociopathy, as well the different measure instruments used to evaluate the psychopathy disorder and their legal issues in Portugal. In order to discuss corporative psychopaths, it's important to review the personality traits among White Collar Crimes offence, as well how economic crimes operate in a globalization era. Having a psychopath in a corporative enterprise can lead to some serious problems, however not all psychopaths are criminals, and some psychopathy traits can be useful in today's corporate business as we can see along the following dissertation.
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German, Peter Maurice. "Confiscating the proceeds of crime : the amendments to Canada's Criminal Code, their force and effect." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28825.
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This thesis examines the amendments to Canada's Criminal Code which target the proceeds of crime by, inter alia, criminalizing money laundering and enabling the confiscation of assets. The amendments represent the central thrust of Canada's contribution in a global effort to stem the traffic in illicit drugs, Canada belatedly following the lead of the United States, Great Britain and Australia.
In the thesis, I argue that the amendments go much further than earlier crime control initiatives and represent a paradigmatic shift from the traditional, single transaction, individual-oriented structure of criminal law to one which is both property-driven and premised upon multiple-transactions perpetrated by criminal organizations. The amendments focus on the proceeds of crime, as opposed to the offender, individual or corporate, their avowed purpose being to neutralize criminal organizations rather than punish offenders.
The effectiveness of the amendments is inexorably tied to the speed by which criminal proceeds can be seized or restrained and thus they operate prospectively, in anticipation of a later conviction. In order to accomplish their objectives, the amendments draw upon concepts previously the preserve of the private law of contract and tort, introducing some which are foreign to the classic norms and traditions of criminal law and sentencing, both substantive and procedural.
The thesis examines the amendments from both a textual and a Charter perspective. In so doing, considerable emphasis is accorded the presumption of innocence, a strong legitimating force in criminal law. Integral to the presumption is the Crown's burden of proof - beyond a reasonable doubt. The legislation's adoption of the civil balance of probabilities test is, therefore, considered its weakest link. Other aspects of the legislation give rise to interpretive and Charter challenges.
The thesis also discusses the need for tracing mechanisms, mandatory financial transaction reporting, the development of a strike force approach to implementation and a sharing of proceeds by law enforcement agencies. Further, the thesis decries any use of the legislation as a tool for plea bargaining or to target petty criminals.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Karson, Lawrence. "American smuggling as white collar crime, 1789-1939." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683034.
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Schoepfer, Andrea. "Exploring white-collar crime and the American dream." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004604.
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Santana, Melina Marques Mendes. "O tratamento penal do uso indevido de informação privilegiada no mercado de capitais insider trading." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5827.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-16This work aims at assessing the criminal treatment of the insider trading activities on the capital markets. It begins by assessing the most relevant aspects of capital markets and their impact for the economy. Subsequently, it studies the value of the information and the way it should be dealt with by current and potential market participants and any other stakeholder. Following the information collection phase, the differences between white collar crimes and conventional crimes are scrutinized. Then, the work is performed by verifyingand describing how the insider trading has been defined as a crime in the Brazilian legal system and by pointing out the pros and cons of the current legislation. There is also a brief analysis of the international legislation linked to the subject. Ultimately, this work intends to contribute to the elucidation of the insider trading subject and to the unequivocal elimination of that practice
Este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa acerca do tratamento penal dispensado ao uso indevido de informação privilegiada no mercado de capitais insider trading. Inicia-se com a abordagem dos aspectos mais relevantes do mercado de capitais e de seu impacto na economia. Na sequência, é estudado o valor da informação no mercado de capitais e a forma pela qual deve ser acessada pelos investidores atuais ou potenciais , além dos demais players do mercado. Reunido este arcabouço de informações, passa-se a analisar o tema do Direito Penal Econômico, com as suas especificidades em relação à criminalidade tradicional para, então, verificar a forma pela qual a prática do insider trading foi criminalizada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, apontando-se os erros e acertos do legislador. Por fim, é feita uma breve análise da legislação estrangeira correlata ao tema. Com isso, pretende-se contribuir para a elucidação do tema e para o repúdio efetivo a tal prática
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Hunter, Ben. "Narratives of Change: Exploring Desistance from White-Collar Crime." Thesis, Keele University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499349.
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Lugo, Melissa Anne. "Self-Control, Attitudinal Beliefs, and White-Collar Crime Intentions." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4721.
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Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime (1990) has received a great deal of empirical examination in the criminology, yet the application of this theory to white-collar crime offenders has not received a great deal of attention. Research that has been conducted in the realm of white-collar crime has yielded mixed support for low self-control in explaining such offenses (Simpson and Piquero, 2002; Reed and Yeager, 1996; Langton et al., 2006; Blickle, 2006). The current study seeks to supplement the literature by focusing not simply on the direct causal links between self-control and white-collar offending, but also exploring how attitudes play a role between self-control and intentions to engage in white-collar crime. Specifically, this study examines whether attitudes towards environmental offending mediate and moderate the relationship between self-control and intentions to engage in environmental white-collar crime. The results indicated that attitudes toward environmental offending did have a mediating effect, but the effect of attitudes did not significantly vary as a function of self-control. Subsequently, simple slopes analysis found that the effect of attitudes was only significant among those with average and high levels of self-control. Implications for the general theory of crime and future directions for white-collar crime research are discussed.
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Follert, Florian. "On the punishment of white-collar and tax crime." Universität Leipzig, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33907.
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Economic and tax crimes account for a significant proportion of criminal activity and result in considerable economic damage. In Germany, two of the most prominent offenders in this area in recent years were Thomas Middelhoff and Uli Hoeneß, both of whom served jail sentences. Taking advantage of the widespread media coverage of both cases, the following paper draws on economic theory to compare prison terms with fines. It argues that fines are preferred from an economic perspective and can therefore be considered a useful firstchoice punishment in cases involving white-collar and tax crimes. The paper sees itself in this regard as a plea.
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Van, Slyke Shanna. "Social identification and public opinion on white-collar crime." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10272009-160114/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Thomas G. Blomberg, Florida State University, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on Mar. 11, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 133 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Herbert, Carey Lynn 1967. "A test of self-control explanations of white-collar crime." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288709.
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Nowhere is the tendency to typologize in criminological research more evident than in the area of white-collar crime research, which is often aimed at distinguishing white-collar criminals and their crimes from other types of criminals and their offenses. This study incorporates a test of the applicability of Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory to white-collar crime--a form of criminal conduct to which the theory's critics assert it is inapplicable. For those who attribute more planning and sophistication to white-collar crime than to other forms of offending, explanations for white-collar offending that reference impulsivity and inattention to the consequences of action are decidedly unsatisfactory. Analyses of survey data, collected as part of the Tucson Youth Project, indicate that self-control is a significant predictor of workplace offending. From an operational standpoint, the relative merits of behavioral versus attitudinal measures of self-control were considered. These findings suggest that behavioral measures of self-control are better predictors of offending. Although possibly a measurement artifact, the findings also suggest that attitudinal self-control is only spuriously related to offending. The perceived need to distinguish white-collar crime stems from the dissimilarities between white-collar crime and "ordinary" street crime. These crimes are often separated along spatial lines, and their perpetrators are often separated along race and socioeconomic status lines. Testing the validity of these distinctions was another objective of this study. Analyses were performed to determine whether the patterns of association between offending and known correlates of offending are similar for both white-collar and non-white-collar crime. The results indicate that offending in the workplace and offending beyond the workplace are more similar than not. One important finding is that self-control explains less of the variation in white-collar offending than in non-white-collar offending. One plausible explanation for this finding is that criminal opportunity plays a relatively more important role in workplace deviance than in other contexts. The mechanisms by which organizations affect the behavior of individuals are, of course, still a matter of theoretical conjecture, and an important subject for future research.
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Harbinson, Erin. "Is Corrections "Collar" Blind?: Examining the Predictive Validity of a Risk/Needs Assessment Tool on White-Collar Offenders." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504800469606019.
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Langton, Lynn E. "Can general strain theory explain white-collar crime? a preliminary investigation /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004785.
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Kodatt, Zachary Hayes. "Afraid to lose: The fear of falling's effect on white-collar crime." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1972.
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This study examined the potential moderating effects that the fear of falling may have on potential white-collar crime perpetrators using rational choice and differential association theory perspectives. A self-report, factorial survey measurement tool utilizing three hypothetical vignettes placing respondents in a business situation with the potential to commit insider trading was given to 612 students at a Midwestern university. Results indicate that the fear of falling had no moderating effects, differential association theory was partially supported in Vignette 1, and rational choice theory was partially supported across all three vignettes.
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Muftah, Mustafa Ramadan. "Corporate criminal liability : an analytical study of the application of the criminal law to companies and to their directing management." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU603189.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the concept of corporate criminal liability in Britain and elsewhere when comparison is needed. The concept of holding a corporation criminally liable is not new, it has been known for a long time, but the development in the last century and especially in the last quarter of this century is the main reason to turn and focus the public's attention towards blaming corporations for a quite wide range of society's ills. As a result of decisions by corporate executives or managers, and because corporation's negligence and pursuit of profits at any cost, may cause harm and inflicted risks on workers, consumers and the general public. It can be shown that many accidents indicate willful violations of health, safety and environmental regulations. Despite the fact that violations may cause serious harm to the entire communities (eg cases of toxic chemical dumps, and radioactive water leaking from improperly maintained nuclear reactors), nonetheless prosecution of corporation is not always successful. Moreover, while corporations are accused of polluting the environment, and are blamed for destroying the economic structure of a community, at the same time they may be praised for community service projects, and be credited with providing jobs. The concept of the separate legal personality of corporations has posed many questions when dealing with corporations or their executives and managers. Even with the development of the criminal law regarding the concept of crime and the various attempts to bring corporations under the umbrella of criminal law the problem have not fully resolved. Practical problems occur when considering whether corporations are capable of acting themselves. This thesis is an attempt to follow the development of corporate criminal liability, discuss the present state of the law and ask what is the best view which should be taken to achieve the goal of criminal law to control all kinds of behaviour that are appropriate to be controlled by the criminal law whether of individuals or corporations and other forms of organizations. The views of those who argue that companies cannot be subjected to criminal punishment because they do not have the requisite mens rea to commit crimes, and because of the difficulty of imposing certain penalties such as imprisonment or the death penalty on corporations, are incorrect. Changes in public attitudes towards wrongful conduct by corporations and their increasing role in every aspect of daily life, bringing with it increasing number of accidents and disasters has led to a corpus of literature which is prepared to attribute blame to corporations for their misbehaviour.
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Ramsay, Douglas E. (Douglas Ewen) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "Toward a predictive model of human resource requirements for white collar crime investigations." Ottawa, 1993.
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Logan, Matthew W. "Coping with Imprisonment: Testing the Special Sensitivity Hypothesis for White-Collar Offenders." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439305722.
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Zukowski, Susan Lynn. "Biopsychosocial Factors That Discriminate Between White Collar Offenders and Business Professionals." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/477.
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White collar crime is pervasive with a larger financial impact to society than violent or street crime, yet it has been understudied. Violent and street offender research has moved beyond the examination of motive and opportunity to study personality, demographics, sociological influences, and psychological influences on development and criminal behavior; however, the bulk of white collar offender research has focused on greed as a motivator and organizational opportunity. Legislative efforts have attempted to curtail white collar crime, but incidents of crime continue to rise, resulting in a continued need to understand white collar offenders and the influences on offender behavior. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the multivariate difference between white collar offenders (n = 62) and business professionals (n = 121). Theoretically guided by the biopsychosocial model and prior empirical findings, 36 variables were univariately tested for group differences; 10 were significant and used in discriminant function analysis. White collar offenders tended to be female, have high neuroticism and alcohol abuse scores, and have low scores on narcissism and attribution. Drug use was positively correlated with the white collar offender profile, while income, openness, hostility, and anger were inversely related. The profile and correlates provide a deeper understanding of those who choose to cross legal and ethical lines. Positive social change could be realized through targeted collegiate business training programs to address risk characteristics and promote protective factors of ethics, integrity, and leadership.
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Ling, Eric. "Fraud and social change : whistle-blowing and white-collar crime in a major corporation." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283178431.
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Stadler, William Andrew. "White-Collar Offenders and the Prison Experience: An Empirical Examination of the “Special Sensitivity” to Imprisonment Hypothesis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1281991890.
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Johnstone, Peter. "The investigation of white collar crime in England and Wales and France : a comparative study." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312930.
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Pfenniger, Karine. "Obstructing justice in white-collar crime investigations : When suspects appeal against Switzerland's Mutual Legal Assistance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402950.
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Blum, Timothy. "Profits Over Patriotism: Black Market Crime in World War II Sydney." Thesis, Department of History, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7985.
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This thesis examines the multi-faceted phenomenon of black market crime in World War II Sydney. Using previously classified archives, coupled with oral sources and newspaper articles I provide a complete survey of this phenomenon. As a concept the black market was a social construct with a level of stigma attached to offenders that would not exist in peace time. This was moral policing. I begin by discussing the relationship between the geography and morals of the city. Both women and men in Sydney related to the black market differently. I outline and evaluate the official response to the problem. I also examine broader community attitudes in relation to this issue. The research provided here should form the basis for a more comprehensive understanding of white-collar crime and the moral regulation of behaviour.
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Estrada, Cuadras Albert. "Dogmática jurídica de los delitos de violación de secreto empresarial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323082.
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El objetivo de la investigación es determinar las conductas penalmente típicas de violación de secreto empresarial de forma axiológicamente coherente, comprensible y verificable. Por ello, en primer lugar, se hacen explícitas las premisas metodológicas y político-criminales de las que se parte, así como el concepto material de delito que se deriva de ellas. Seguidamente, se determina el bien jurídico-penal considerado protegido por los tipos estudiados, el concepto jurídico-penal de secreto empresarial y los criterios de reconocimiento jurídico-privado de pretensiones de exclusión sobre el mismo. A continuación, se procede a la concreción de las conductas penalmente relevantes de espionaje industrial, de disposición desleal y de extensión desleal de secreto empresarial. Por último, se determinan las consecuencias penológicas de los diferentes grados de lesividad que presentan, desde una perspectiva ex post, las conductas penalmente típicas de violación de secreto empresarial.This work aims at establishing the scope of the Spanish trade secret crimes in an axiological coherent, understandable and verifiable manner. Therefore, first of all, the methodological and criminal policy premises are made explicit, as well as the substantive concept of crime that the author assumes. After that it is determined the legal interest which, according to those premises, those crimes would harm. The definition of the criminal concept of trade secret and the identification of the criteria to allocate confidentiality rights come next. After that it is established the kind of behaviour that constitutes the spionage crime, the unfair disclosure crime and the unfair spreading of the former trade secret violation crime. Finally, it is proposed that the punishment imposed reflects the amount of harm caused with the particular trade secret violation, taking into account an ex post perspective.
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Meiring, Heinrich. "Unethical decision making : towards understanding the factors that influence a white collar criminal’s decision to commit a crime." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76044.
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Although the fraud triangle has been used to study the factors that influence a person to commit a white collar crime, it has not fully explained how the decision is made. Ethical Decision Making (EDM) is an attempt at explaining the decision more comprehensively; however, has not been studied in the context of white collar crime. The development of an Integrated EDM (I-EDM) model has presented an opportunity to study the decision making process in white collar crime with a new theoretical lens. In an explorative study, we conducted 17 qualitative interviews with persons convicted of white collar crimes and, at the time of the study, incarcerated whilst they served out their sentences. We found that interviewees, once the first relatively small act was committed, found themselves in a slippery slope of repeated acts, increasing in frequency and quantum. We also found that interviewees tended to have an external locus of moral control and took little ownership of, and interest in, EDM. Lastly, we found that interviewees relied heavily on their own subjective states in making their decisions. Our contribution was to show that the I-EDM model is able to explicate a greater variety of the themes emergent from the data than the fraud triangle. We created fertile ground for future research in EDM in the context of white collar crime, particularly with regards to the learning, issue intensity, emotional, moral character development, moral ownership and moral self-efficacy elements.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
pt2020
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Koller, Cynthia. "Diffusion of Innovation and Fraud in the Subprime Mortgage Market." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282050951.
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Speziale, Nino. "Criminalità, deterrenza criminale e determinanti economiche. Analisi empirica." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/226.
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2009 - 2010La tesi, dopo un capitolo dedicato alle teorie sulla criminalità nelle scienze sociali e sui modelli economici del crimine sviluppati dalla letteratura, presenta tre analisi empiriche che studiano le determinanti criminali in Europa e nel mondo su dati nazionali e in Italia a livello regionale. L’analisi europea esamina la relazione fra criminalità, deterrenza criminale e le opportunità del mercato del lavoro nelle 27 nazioni appartenenti all’Unione Europea per il periodo 2000-2007 su dati Eurostat. Il tasso di disoccupazione viene analizzato seguendo anche una classificazione ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) per studiare il contributo fornito dall’educazione del soggetto disoccupato nella formazione del comportamento criminale. Viene implementato un modello dinamico usando uno stimatore system GMM per controllare l’endogeneità delle determinanti criminali, la presenza degli effetti specifici nazionali non osservabili e l’errore sistematico di misurazione delle statistiche criminali. Successivamente, nell’analisi mondiale, si estende il lavoro a 50 nazioni, considerando il periodo 2003-2007 su dati UNESCO. Si investiga sulla relazione fra i crimini più violenti, il tasso di omicidi, e il fattore educativo, cioè l’impatto della popolazione con bassa e alta istruzione. Al modello dinamico viene applicato lo stimatore BC (Bias Correction) per risolvere le problematiche derivanti dalla presenza di un panel non bilanciato. Infine, l’analisi sulle regioni italiane si concentra sugli effetti della deterrenza criminale, l’impatto del mercato del lavoro e dell’abbandono scolastico su diversi tassi di criminalità. Si studia inoltre l’esistenza dei “white collar crimes” con l’uso della percentuale degli impiegati nella Pubblica Amministrazione come variabile esplicativa. La metodologia econometrica impiegata è il system GMM applicato ad una specificazione dinamica, per il periodo 1995-2004 su dati Istat. I risultati ottenuti sono in linea con quanto predetto dai modelli economici sul crimine, in più offrono diversi contributi alla materia. Nell’analisi europea i risultati mostrano, oltre all’efficacia delle politiche di deterrenza, la relazione positiva fra disoccupazione e i diversi tassi di criminalità, relazione che decresce all’aumentare del livello di istruzione ISCED nell’individuo disoccupato. L’unica relazione negativa si verifica nei furti con scasso nelle abitazioni, infatti durante i periodi di alta disoccupazione, gli individui spendono più tempo a casa, acquistando il ruolo di guardiani dei propri beni. Nell’analisi mondiale, le proxy sull’educazione catturano l’effetto civilizzazione, all’aumentare degli individui più acculturati diminuisce il fenomeno criminale. Nell’analisi italiana, la disoccupazione e l’abbandono scolastico sono positivamente correlati con i tassi criminali, mentre la relazione con i salari dipende, come nel caso europeo, dal crimine analizzato. Infine si osserva un effetto “white collar crime”. [a cura dell'autore]
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Jancevska, Silvana. "Ekonomisk brottslighet inom verksamheter." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25240.
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Detta examensarbete handlar om ekonomisk brottslighet inom verksamheter med fokus på gärningsmannen. Det har identifierats psykologiska och sociologiska faktorer och studien besvarar även vilka förutsättningar som krävs för att ekobrottslingen ska kunna begå brottet. Den typiska ekobrottslingen har identifierats att vara en vit medelåldersman med hög socioekonomisk status. För att ekonomisk brottslighet inom verksamheter ska kunna begås krävs det att möjligheten föreligger för gärningsmannen vilket oftast uppstår genom en anställning inom en organisation. Examensarbetet behandlar även preventiva insatser som används inom verksamheter för att stoppa ekonomisk brottslighet.This degree project in criminology is about occupational and corporate crime with focus on the perpetrator. Psychological and sociological factors has been recognized and also the conditions that are required for the crime to occur. The typical perpetrator for this kind of crime has been identified to be a white middle aged man with high socioeconomic status. It obliges an opportunity for the offender to commit an economical crime which arises through employment in an organisation. The essay also process the crime prevention that is applied in businesses to stop white collar crime.
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Michel, Cedric. "Public Knowledge and Sentiments about Elite Deviance." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5075.
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A growing body of research has revealed that the financial cost and physical harmfulness of elite deviance overshadow the impact of street crime on society (Knowlton et al., 2011; Landrigan et al., 2002; Leigh, 2011; Lynch & Michalowski, 2006; Herbert & Landrigan, 2000; Rebovich & Jiandani, 2000; Reiman & Leighton, 2010). However, despite such discrepancies, crimes of the poor continue to outshine white-collar offenses in the news media (Barak, 1994; Barlow & Barlow, 2010; Ericson et al., 1991; Lynch & Michalowski, 2006; Lynch, Nalla & Miller, 1989; Lynch, Stretesky & Hammond, 2000), the criminal justice system (Calavita, Tillman, & Pontell, 1997; Maddan et al., 2011; Payne, Dabney, & Ekhomu, 2011; Tillman & Pontell, 1992) and even academia (Lynch, McGurrin & Fenwick, 2004; McGurrin, Jarrell, Jahn & Cochrane, 2013).
Surprisingly, scholarly efforts that have investigated societal response to crimes of the powerful have limited their field of inquiry to public opinions about white-collar crime (e.g., Huff, Desilets, & Kane, 2010; Kane & Wall, 2006; Rebovich et al., 2000; Schoepfer, Carmichael & Piquero, 2007, etc.). While these studies have provided valuable empirical evidence of a growing concern among Americans regarding the danger posed by elite offenses, their failure to include a valid measure of lay knowledge about white-collar crime significantly limits our ability to infer the extent to which the public is familiar with the scope and magnitude of this social issue.
The present study seeks to address such limitation by providing the first measure of public knowledge about elite deviance. Four hundred and eight participants completed an online questionnaire that comprised measures of respondents' knowledge and sentiments (i.e., perceived seriousness and punitiveness) about white-collar crime. Results of statistical analyses revealed that participants were not sufficiently informed about elite deviance and suggest the existence of popular "myths" about white-collar crime; more specifically, a substantial number of subjects were not inclined to acknowledge hard-earned empirical evidence such as the greater physical harmfulness of elite deviance over street crime and to recognize that some elite offenses - which they admit are common in underdeveloped nations (e.g., human trafficking) - can be committed in the United States with little to no legal repercussion for the perpetrators. Further, less knowledgeable subjects and "myth" adherers (including men, those with higher income levels, more politically conservative subjects, Republicans, conservative Protestants, and those who believed that white-collar offenders see no wrong in their actions) were often more lenient in their attitudes towards elite deviance, both in terms of perceived seriousness and punitiveness, compared with street crime. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are thoroughly discussed.
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Roberts, Brandon Michael. "The Impact of Gender and Focal Concerns Theory on the Treatment of White-Collar Defendants by Federal Judges." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2875.
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Previous research found gender to be a primary consideration of judges in terms of actions towards defendants. Blameworthiness, the combined effect of criminal history, offense severity, and the defendant's role in the criminal event, is also known to impact judge's actions. Little, though, is known about how gender and blameworthiness, combined, may be related to judges' actions towards white-collar defendants. The purpose of this case study, therefore, was to explore whether defendant gender and blameworthiness impact judicial actions towards defendants charged with white-collar crime(s) in a federal district court of New York. The theoretical framework was Demuth and Steffensmeier's theory of focal concerns. Research questions focused on the impacts of defendants' gender and blameworthiness in general and with regard to bail and restitution decisions. Data consisted of published court case summaries for 1,162 criminal cases heard by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York between 2009 and 2015. These data were analyzed via an inductive coding process and then subjected to content analysis. Themes that emerged revealed that all facets of blameworthiness impacted restitution while only the seriousness of the offense impacted bail decisions. Further, gender was found to impact judge's actions in subtler ways than in prior research. For example, analysis revealed slight modifications in word choice in the case summaries that appeared to be connected to the gender of the defendant, particularly related to restitution decisions. The results of this study may be used to courts and Congress to enhance existing statutes and guidelines directed at decreasing the impact of gender and blameworthiness on defendants by the justice system.