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1
Ab Razaka, Nazrul Hisyam, Rubi Ahmad, and Huson Joher Ali Ahmed. "Government ownership and performance: An analysis of listed companies in Malaysia." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 2 (2008): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i2c4p2.
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The relationship between ownership structure and company performance has been issue of interest among academics, investors and policy makers because of key issue in understanding the effectiveness of alternative governance system in which government ownership serve as a control mechanism. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of an alternative ownership/control structure of corporate governance on firm performance among government linked companied (GLCs) and Non-GLC in Malaysia. It is believed that government ownership serve as a monitoring device that lead to better company performance after controlling company specific characteristics. We used Tobin‟s Q as market performance measure while ROA is to determine accounting performance measure. This study is based on a sample of 210 firms over a period from 1995 to 2005. We use panel based regression approach to determine the impact of ownership mechanism on firm‟s performance. Findings appear to suggest that there is a significant impact of government ownership on company performance after controlling for company specific characteristics such as company size, non-duality, leverage and growth. The finding is off significant for investors and policy marker which will serve as a guiding for better investment decision.
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Solano Charris, Elyn Lizeth, Jairo Rafael Montoya-Torres, and William Guerrero-Rueda. "A decision support system for technician routing with time windows." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 32, no. 2 (2019): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2017-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a decision support system (DSS) for a Colombian public utility company in order to aid decision-making at the operational level regarding route planning and travel time. The aim is to provide a tool to assist technicians that perform interruption and reconnection of domiciliary services for about 2,000 customers a day. Design/methodology/approach The real-life problem is modeled as a Single Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (SDVRP-TW), which is a well-known optimization problem in Operations Research/Management Science. A two-stage approach integrated into decision-making software is provided. The first stage considers the clustering of customers generated by a combination of the sweep and the k-means algorithms, while the second phase plans the routing of technicians using the nearest-neighbor and the Or-opt heuristics. The proposed approach is tested using real data sets. Findings In comparison with the current route planning approach, the proposed method is able to obtain savings in total travel times, improving operational productivity by 22.2 percent. Research limitations/implications Since the analysis is carried out based on mathematical modeling, assumptions about the relationships between variables and elements of the actual complex problem might be simplified. Although the proposed approach aids the route planning, decision makers make the final decisions. Practical implications The proposed DSS has a critical impact on actual operational practices at the company. Productivity and service level are improved, while reducing operational costs. The decision-making process itself will be improved so technicians and higher decision makers can focus on performing other tasks. Originality/value The real-life problem is modeled using mathematical programming and efficiently solved through a two-stage approach based on simple, quite intuitive, solution procedures that have not been implemented for such services. In addition, as actual data from the company is employed for experimental purposes, the solution approach is tested and its efficiency and efficacy are both validated in a realistic setting, hence providing realistic behavior for decision makers at the company.
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Cerioni, Luca. "Corporate governance: the OECD principles, the scope for a “model of the successful company”, and a new challenge for the company law agenda and the broader regulatory agenda." Corporate Ownership and Control 5, no. 4 (2008): 268–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i4c2p2.
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The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, and the Methodology for assessing their implementation, seem to support those academic contributions which overcome the classic distinction between the shareholders primacy and the stakeholders’ models of companies; they also appear to require a re-conceptualisation of the interests involved and not simply a model of company, but a model of the successful company. This paper proposes such a model, and asserts its validity from a property rights perspective and from a human rights perspective. It subsequently argues that shaping of a corporate governance framework based on this model would raise a key challenge for company law legislators and for the broader regulatory agenda, and that satisfactory responses to this challenge – for which some first hypothesis are proposed - would be fully compatible with the increasingly global corporate social responsibility concern, while opening new themes for academic research and for decision-makers choices
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Gladden, Graham. "Maslow’s model of needs: application to Cunard and White Star marketing communications between 1900 and the 1950s." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 12, no. 3 (2020): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-11-2018-0053.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse Cunard’s marketing communications during a period of significant social and economic change. The intention is to show, firstly, how the company sought to meet and influence potential passengers’ understanding of their travel needs and, secondly, how these would be met. Design/methodology/approach The companies’ marketing communications are analysed using Maslow’s hierarchy. This is a well known descriptor of human needs. Findings Beyond a description and review of Cunard’s advertising, Maslow’s model of needs is shown to provide a rationale to the company’s approach. In particular, it gives an understanding of the continued, though changing, use of images of the ship to meet the needs of different cohorts of passengers. It shows how carefully constructed images in both word and picture assuaged passengers’ concerns over social needs and how the company promised to meet the highest needs, whether that be for the holiday maker or the emigrant. Research limitations/implications During much of the period under discussion, much of the advertising design work was done in house. Though none of these files have survived, other sources of information (for example, house magazines and internal correspondence) provide an understanding of Cunard’s attitude to its customers and the business opportunities it saw in a changing market. Where specific dates for documents are not available, a chronology of ship building and use has been applied. Practical implications This paper shows how a well-established model can be used in a different way, adding to the understanding of a company adapting to changing social and economic conditions. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first time that Maslow’s hierarchy has been used explicitly as a tool to analyse marketing and advertising material. Though the existing literature includes some discussion of shipping line posters visual content, there is little further discussion of their content or purpose in a changing social context. This paper provides a more structured analytical view.
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Chithambo, Lyton, and Venancio Tauringana. "Company specific determinants of greenhouse gases disclosures." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 15, no. 3 (2014): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-11-2013-0087.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between company-specific factors and the extent of greenhouse gas (GHG) disclosures. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a sample of 210 FTSE 350 companies and uses the disclosure index to quantify GHG disclosures made in the annual reports, sustainability reports and web sites in 2011. Ordinary least squares regression is employed to model the relationship between the company-specific factors and the extent of GHG disclosures. Findings – The results indicate that company size, gearing, financial slack and two industries (consumer services and industrials) are significantly associated with GHG disclosures while profitability, liquidity and capital expenditure are not. When the authors disaggregate GHG disclosures into qualitative and quantitative, the results suggest that the effect of some company factors differ depending on the type of GHG disclosures. Research limitations/implications – The study is cross-sectional. A longitudinal study is necessary to understand the dynamics of GHG disclosures as firms may change their disclosure policy as the importance of GHG increases. The results imply that policy makers need to take into account certain company-specific factors when formulating policy aimed at improving GHG disclosures. Originality/value – The results add evidence to the growing body of research focusing on the relationship between company-specific factors and GHG disclosure. The study also provides evidence that the effect of some company-specific factors on GHG disclosures differ depending on whether the GHG disclosures are quantitative or qualitative.
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Faisal, Mohd Nishat, Bader Al-Esmael, and Khurram Jahangir Sharif. "Supplier selection for a sustainable supply chain." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 7 (2017): 1956–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-03-2016-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate the “triple bottom line (3BL)” approach in the supplier selection decision. It also aims to consider the feedback effect of the decision on strategic factors that determine the future viability of the firm in the market. Design/methodology/approach A multi-criteria decision model is developed that considers simultaneously the impact of three dimensions of 3BL approach and their sub-dimensions on the supplier selection decision. The proposed model is evaluated for a large white goods manufacturer using the analytic network process (ANP) approach. Findings The ANP considers the impact of variables, sub-variables, and their interdependencies simultaneously. The outcome of the model is the relative priorities for the firms considered as potential suppliers. Practical implications This research was conducted in one of the largest developing economies. The impact of integrating sustainability would be widespread due to the huge market in which the company operates. The results of this research can provide support to the decision makers in arriving at an optimal decision considering all sustainability dimensions. Originality/value The novelty of the approach lies in the application of multi-criteria model integrating sustainability dimensions with a feedback effect for supplier selection. The case company would benefit by showing its commitment toward environment and social responsibility leading to improved brand image and sustainable business.
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Dikmen, Irem, and M. Talat Birgonul. "An analytic hierarchy process based model for risk and opportunity assessment of international construction projects." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 1 (2006): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-087.
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Risk assessment of international projects is a complicated task because of the sensitivity of project success related to country specific risks as well as project risks. Decision makers face the difficulty of weighing project opportunities against risks and determining attractiveness of projects while giving bidding decisions. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology for risk and opportunity assessment of international projects. The proposed model uses an analytic hierarchy process for calculation of risk and opportunity ratings. A risk breakdown structure, specific to international construction projects, is proposed as well as a list of factors that affect the ability of construction companies to manage risk. An application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using real data supplied by a construction company that is experienced in international markets. Ranking of project options is made according to the opportunity and risk ratings that are calculated by using the proposed methodology based on the judgments of company professionals.Key words: international construction, risk assessment, analytic hierarchy process.
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EVANGELINOS, KONSTANTINOS I., and GEORGE E. HALKOS. "IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS STANDARDS: IMPORTANT FACTORS IN CORPORATE DECISION MAKING." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 04, no. 03 (2002): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333202001030.
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While environmental management systems standards (EMSS) have been advocated by policy makers and consultants on the basis of a number of benefits associated with their implementation, some companies are reluctant to implement them. This paper tests four hypotheses with regard to the significance of a number of factors in a company's decision to implement EMSS. Specifically, it assesses whether a company would be more likely to implement EMSS if its management has a positive perception of environmental issues; if there are pressures on the company to improve its environmental performance; if opportunities arise through its environmental activities; and if it operates in sensitive environmental conditions. For this purpose, Greek companies in the process of EMSS implementation were surveyed and their responses compared with companies that had not decided up to that point to implement the standards. Specific aspects of the hypotheses posed were supported and confirmed a range of factors that are important in a company's decision to implement EMSS.
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Psomas, Evangelos, Dimitrios Kafetzopoulos, and Katerina Gotzamani. "Determinants of company innovation and market performance." TQM Journal 30, no. 1 (2018): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-07-2017-0074.
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Purpose The present study focuses on two basic determinants of company innovation, namely, quality practices of top management and process quality management. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of these determinants on product and process innovation. Determining the impact of these dimensions of innovation on the market performance of a company is also an aim of the present study. Design/methodology/approach A research study was carried out on a sample of 433 Greek manufacturing and service companies. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire from the chief executive officers of the companies. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are applied to extract and validate all the latent factors considered in the suggested model, while their relationships are determined through structural equation modeling. Findings The analysis of the empirical data shows that both the dimensions of company innovation examined in the present study (product and process innovation) are positively influenced by the quality practices of top management and process quality management. Improving these two dimensions of company innovation, in turn, results in increased market performance. Research limitations/implications First, the sample of the responding manufacturing and service Greek companies which includes both small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies and which operate in circumstances of financial crisis; second, the subjective data collected from only one company representative; and third, the examination of only two factors influencing company innovation, are the main limitations of the present study. Based on these limitations, future research studies are recommended. Practical implications The empirically validated theoretical model of the present study can guide the policy makers of a company to select a quality management and innovation strategy through which the company can lay the foundations to increase its market performance, and thus, overcome the current economic downturn and financial crisis. Researchers can also use the suggested valid model as an assessment tool, a benchmarking tool and a tool for the design of their future research studies. Originality/value The present study contributes to the literature by determining a valid model that describes simultaneously the relationships between quality management factors, product and process innovation and market performance. This is also the first study reflecting Greek companies’ efforts to withstand the current downturn and penetrate the market through innovation.
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Patichol, Preeya, Winai Wongsurawat, and Lalit M. Johri. "Upgrade strategies in the Thai silk industry: balancing value promotion and cultural heritage." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 18, no. 1 (2014): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-09-2011-0059.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to substantiate Porter's ideas through multiple case studies of firms in one of Thailand's potential niches – Thai silk. Design/methodology/approach – This study examined upgrading strategies adopted by six companies involved in the production and distribution of silk and silk products in Thailand. Information was gathered from company documents and interview statements given by company executives and government policy makers. Standard approaches to organizing and analyzing qualitative case study data, including description, pattern identification, concept categorization and generalization were utilized. Findings – The companies have implemented upgrading strategies in the following four main areas: first, balancing efficiency and old customs in production; second, innovating new products while preserving unique traditional features; third, developing modern marketing and distribution techniques with a cultural flare; and fourth, building linkages and clusters. Practical implications – Stakeholders of traditional- or cultural-related industries may increase their chances of successfully renewing their businesses’ competitive advantage by carefully balancing the needs to both preserve and modernize key processes in their industries’ value chains. Originality/value – The paper's findings and recommendations may to be useful to other traditional industries that share similar challenges both in Thailand and in other Southeast Asian countries.
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Amaral, Juliana Ventura, and Reinaldo Guerreiro. "Factors explaining a cost-based pricing essence." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 8 (2019): 1850–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2018-0373.
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Purpose Empirical studies have found that cost-based pricing remains dominant in pricing practice and suggest that practice conflicts with marketing theory, which recommends value-based prices. However, empirical studies have yet to examine whether cost-plus formulas represent the pricing approach or essence. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to address the factors that explain price setting whereby the cost-plus formula is not just the pricing approach but also the pricing essence. This examination is grounded in a survey conducted on 380 Brazilian industrial companies. Findings The results show that, for price-makers, the cost-based pricing essence is positively associated with four factors (two obstacles to deploying value-based pricing, company size and differentiation), but it is negatively related to one factor (premium pricing strategy). For price-takers, the cost-based pricing essence is positively associated with four factors (two obstacles to deploying value-based pricing, coercive isomorphism and use of full costs), but it is negatively related to five factors (one obstacle to deploying value-based pricing, company size, competitors’ ability to copy, normative isomorphism and experience). Originality/value The key contribution of this paper is demonstrating that cost-plus formulas do not go against the incorporation of competitors and value information. This study reveals that it is possible to set prices based on either value or competitors’ prices while simultaneously preserving the simplicity of the cost-plus formulas. Via the margin, firms may connect costs to information about competition and value. The authors also demonstrate the drawbacks of not segregating companies into price-makers and price-takers and an excessive focus on the pricing approach at the expense of pricing essence.
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Al Sahi AL Zaabi, Mohamed Saeed, Kamarul Zaman Ahmad, and Chowdhury Hossan. "Authentic leadership, work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviors in petroleum company." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 65, no. 6 (2016): 811–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-01-2016-0023.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between authentic leadership (AL), work engagement (WE), and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) among United Arab Emirates (UAE) nationals working in the petroleum sector. This study further intends to examine the mediating effect of psychological empowerment (PE) on above mentioned relationship. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative method involving self-reported questionnaire was used in this study. Data were collected from 189 UAE national employees from one of the major petroleum companies in the UAE. An extensive online questionnaire consisting of 70 questions was designed in Version 2.05+ of LimeSurvey, an open source-based survey tool. Structural equation modeling using Lisrel was deployed to examine the relationship between AL, PE, WE, and OCB. Findings – The results revealed that AL significantly increases WE and OCB. Results also indicated that PE increases the strength of relationship between AL with WE and OCB while acting as a mediator. Practical implications – The research results suggested that leaders and discussion makers in the petroleum sector in UAE should encourage their managers to adopt a more AL style. Given that AL is strongly related to WE, PE, and OCB, AL training programs is consequently important in building employees that would be more empowered and engaged. Originality/value – This study contributes to organizational behavior and industrial psychology literature. The study is unique in respect to the research model that was developed and validated. It’s one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the direct relationship among AL, PE, WE, and OCB in Middle-East context. This study was conducted in UAE, where AL concept has been rarely investigated and finding from this study may help in filling up the gap in knowledge.
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Mojtaba Hoseyni, Seyed, and Anna Calissano. "Moving from One Site to Multi-Site Vulnerability Studies: Decision Analysis for Trade-off Between Risks and Benefits." International Journal of Reliability, Risk and Safety: Theory and Application 2, no. 1 (2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/ijrrs.2.1.3.
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This paper provides a vulnerability study for a gas production site. Decision tree analysis is implemented to provide risk-informed decisions on the maintenance strategies to minimize the unavailability and downtime costs. In this context, the decision analysis assesses the impact on the availability of the plant after having decided to buy some spare parts to mitigate the criticality of some equipment. This will help the decision makers to make an optimal decision before spending their budget on buying the spare parts while they can reliably forecast a maximize davailability. The decision analysis also will move from one site approach to the multi-site vulnerability studies. Result concludes a recommendation for the company on deciding the optimum maintenance strategies and provides a list of required spare parts to be bought in advance to reduce the associated risks and costs.
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Ejem, E. A., C. M. Uka, D. N. Dike, C. C. Ikeogu, C. C. Igboanusi, and O. E. Chukwu. "Evaluation and Selection of Nigerian Third-Party Logistics Service Providers Using Multi-Criteria Decision Models." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 12, no. 1 (2021): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2021-0013.
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Abstract This paper is focused on solving the evaluation and selection of 3PL’s by applying multi-criteria decision-making methods. Nigerian Breweries, Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC), AG Leventis, Kobo logistics, and Flour Mills of Nigeria (FMN) were understudied. The main criteria on which evaluation is based were established: Cost, Service level, Financial Capability, Reputation and Long-term relationship. A combination of two quantitative models was adopted in the study. Relevant data were collected through an oral interview with managers and key decision-makers at the companies. SWARA was first applied to the collated data to determine the relative weights of the criteria. Afterwards, the TOPSIS was applied to the weights developed using SWARA and on the performance of the selected service providers. After the analysis, the best service provider was identified as supplier 2 while the worst was supplier 5.
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Tleubayev, Alisher, Ihtiyor Bobojonov, Taras Gagalyuk, and Thomas Glauben. "Board gender diversity and firm performance: evidence from the Russian agri-food industry." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 1 (2020): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0011.
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This study provides pioneering empirical evidence on board gender diversity and firm performance relationship for the case of large-scale agri-food companies in Russia. While Russia plays an important role in the global food security, its domestic agri-food production is heavily dependent on large scale producers. Our findings suggest a strong positive link between the percentage of female directors in boardrooms and firm performance. Moreover, in line with critical mass theory, boards with three or more female directors have greater impact on firm performance compared to boards with two or less female directors. Further analysis shows that the presence of female directors in the company has a positive impact on firm performance, mainly due to their executive, rather than monitoring effects. The paper shed light on gender diversity of Russian corporate boardrooms and provides empirical recommendations for policy makers as well as corporate executives in Russia.
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Ondrej, Juruš, and Koukolová Lucia. "SMART CAMERA FOR SIMPLE SORTING TASKS." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 3(13) (2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-3(13)-180-186.
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Urgency of the research. Attendance time places great emphasis on the production cavity. No manufacturing enterprise can afford to neglect the automation and modernization of its processes. That's why a company focused on manufacturing automotive accessories has turned to us. Target setting. Output checkboxes prepared at the end of the production process were made by people. This control was unreliable and its reliability was diminishing with the increasing working time. An increasing number of claimed cases required the company to choose a new solution to the problem. We were asked to design a workplace using a camera to read the box descriptions so that it could be followed by palletizing. The second goal was to consider the possibility of subsequent ro-botization. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. We do not deal with the basic principles of image processing. Basic image processing performs camera software and uses the higher search features of objects. The research objective. In this article, we are working on implementing the visual system into real-life operation. Design a simple solution that meets customer requirements, whose economic return would be interesting. The statement of basic materials. We use a simple camera with area capture. It captures frames as an area map of pixels. Basic black and white transition detection is selected for basic object recognition. A description made on white paper that is used as a box description makes it easy to recognize objects in the background. Conclusions. The proposed test facility consists of a frame, a camera and a conveyor. The workplace produces only 25 cubes per minute under test conditions. To increase productivity, it is advisable to extend the number of posts. The camera was also selected for its ability to communicate with the robot interface. The program creates code that is compatible with the robot's control program and defines the position of the goods in the space. This makes it easy to connect and then robotize the workstation if the company decides for this solution.
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Feyerlein, Daniel. "Gaining Competitiveness via Procurement Transformation That Retains German Engineering Origin." Engineering Management Research 5, no. 1 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v5n1p57.
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<p>With the evolution of globalization, multinational companies face increasing competition on national and international markets. As a result, they seek to implement proper strategies to maximize capacity and competitiveness. This article asks whether a multinational company in medical devices has the strategic potential to transform its procurement strategy to embrace a local sourcing concept to gain competitiveness while retaining engineering origin. Study results from the medical-device industry show that attributes delivered by German origin can improve competitiveness. A significant majority of customers see the importance in the “Made in Germany” label. Customers also tend to accept the conception of local production that retains German engineering. The medical-device industry represents several branches in areas such as quality and technology. The results of this paper address product marketing, product strategy, and decision-makers dealing with sourcing alternatives. The results suggest that the strategy of pairing local production with German engineering is desirable to enhance competitiveness.</p>
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Ter Haar, Philipp. "Measuring innovation: A state of the science review of existing approaches." Intangible Capital 14, no. 3 (2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.1254.
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Purpose: The level of innovation is essential for a company’s or country’s competitive advantage and the ways to measure innovation are manifold. The review aims to give an overview over the continuously growing body on approaches to measure innovation.Design/methodology/approach: A new definition of innovation measuring is proposed. Based on this definition a structured approach for researching the literature was applied. A selection of 30 advances is discussed and a 4-level-of-analysis-framework is applied to review the broad research on measuring innovation on individual, work team, company and country level.Findings: The narrative review shows that specific measuring frameworks exists for each level of analysis. Output oriented indicators can be found on all levels, they are complemented by potential enablers on country level, process indicators on company and project level and behavioural indicators on individual level. Approaches specifically focussing on work teams could not be found.Research limitations/implications: Further research is needed on specific advances on measuring innovation on work-team level.Practical implications: By discussing key characteristics of the reviewed studies, the analysis will help decision makers to choose a fitting approach and support researchers by identifying open fields of research. It is recommended to research on advances to measure innovation on work team level to close the existing gap.Originality/value: While influences on innovation are extensively discussed a comprehensive overview over the approaches to identify the effects of modifying these influences is missing. This paper intends to closes this gap.
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Mesbahi, Nadjib, Okba Kazar, Saber Benharzallah, Merouane Zoubeidi, and Samir Bourekkache. "Multi-Agents Approach for Data Mining Based k-Means for Improving the Decision Process in the ERP Systems." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 7, no. 2 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2015040101.
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Today the enterprise resource planning (ERP) became a tool that enables uniform and consistent management of information system (IS) of the company with a large single database. In addition, Data Mining is a technology whose purpose is to promote information and knowledge extraction from a large database. In this paper, an agent-based multi-layered approach for data mining based k-Means through the ERP to extract hidden knowledge in the ERP database is proposed. To achieve this, the authors call the paradigm of multi-agent system to distribute the complexity of several autonomous entities called agents, whose goal is to group records or observations on similar objects classes using the k-means technique that is dedicated the task of clustering. This will help business decision-makers to take good decisions and provide a very good response time by the use of multi-agent system. To implement the proposed architecture, it is more convenient to use the JADE platform while providing a complete set of services and agents comply with the specifications FIPA.
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Barabba, Vincent. "Assessing General Motors’ innovation strategy over three decades using the “Three Box Solution”." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 2 (2019): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-01-2019-0004.
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Purpose Professor Vijay Govindarajan’s “Three Box Solution” framework provides a useful way of looking at a transformative business innovation initiative started at General Motors almost three decades ago and now being further developed by its current CEO Mary Barra. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on 18 years of experience at GM the author offers insights into how the company used the “Three Box” aproach: 10;•9;Box 1: Strengthen the core. 10;•9;Box 2: Let go of the practices that drive the core business but hinder the new one. 10;•9;Box 3: Invented a new business model. 10; Findings GM management found creative ways to enable the current business to thrive while exploring the potential market for a visionary business model. Practical implications %2010%3BThe%20paper%20provides%20new%20insight%20into%20how%20General%20Motors%20has%20changed%20and%20how%20it%20is%20continuing%20to%20adapt%20%20emerging%20future%20markets.. Originality/value Based on actual experience of participating in strategy development this paper should help decision makers address their current actions and future strategies simultaneously.
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Mesbahi, Nadjib, Okba Kazar, Saber Benharzallah, and Merouane Zoubeidi. "A Cooperative Multi-Agent Approach-Based Clustering in Enterprise Resource Planning." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 6, no. 1 (2015): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2015010103.
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With the rapid development of information technology and the gradual extension of information technology to enterprise, enterprise resource planning system has become a tool that enables uniform and consistent management of information system (IS) of the company with a large single database. In addition, knowledge discovery is a technology whose purpose is to promote information and knowledge extraction from a large database. This paper proposes a cooperative multi-agent approach based clustering in enterprise resource planning for extract unknown knowledge in the enterprise resource planning database. To achieve this, the authors call the paradigm of multi-agent system to distribute the complexity of several autonomous entities called agents, whose goal is to group records or observations on similar objects classes using the clustering technique. This will help business decision-makers to take good decisions and provide a very good response time by the use of multi-agent system. To implement the proposed architecture, it is more convenient to use the JADE platform while providing a complete set of services and agents comply with the specifications FIPA.
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Nedelcu, Bogdan. "Human talent forecasting." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (2017): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0047.
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Abstract The demand for talent has increased while the offer has declined and these worrying trends don’t seem to show any sign of change in the near future. According to Bloomberg Businessweek, USA, Canada, UK, and Japan (among many others) will face varying degrees of talent shortages in almost every industry in the coming years. The performed study focuses on identifying patterns which relates to human skills. Recently, with the new demand and increasing visibility, human resources are seeking a more strategic role by harnessing data mining methods. This can be achieved by discovering generated patterns from existing useful data in HR databases. The main objective of the paper is to determine which data mining algorithm suits best for extracting knowledge from human resource data, when in it comes to determining how suited is a candidate for a specific job. First of all, it must be determined a way to evaluate a candidate as objective as possible and rate the candidate with a mark from 0 to 10. To do so, some data sets had to be generated with different numbers of values or different values and wore processed using Weka. The results had been plotted so that it would be easier to interpret. Also, the study shows the importance of using large volumes of data in order to take informed decisions has recently become extremely discussed in most organizations. While finances, marketing and other departments within a company receive data systems and customized analysis, human resources are still not supported by expert systems to process large data volumes. The software prototype designed for the experiment rates individuals (working for the company, or in trials) on a scale from 0 to 10, offering the decision makers an objective analysis. This way, a company looking for talent will know whether the person applying for the job is suited or not, and how much the hiring will influence the overall rating of the department.
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Katarachia, Androniki, Electra Pitoska, Grigoris Giannarakis, and Elpida Poutoglidou. "The drivers of corporate governance disclosure: the case of Nifty 500 Index." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 2 (2018): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-02-2017-0020.
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Purpose Based on agency theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants on the dissemination level of corporate governance disclosure (CGD). Design/methodology/approach The sample of the study incorporates listed companies in Nifty 500 Index for the period 2009-2014. The Governance Disclosure Score calculated by Bloomberg is used as a proxy for the dissemination level of corporate governance information. In total, eight explanatory variables are uses, namely, board’s size, number of board meetings, CEO duality, presence of women on the board, company’s size, financial performance, Tobin’s Q ratio and financial leverage. Findings The results of study suggest a need for improvement in CGDs by Indian companies, as they fail to comply the majority of the proposed disclosure items. Furthermore, it is revealed that the number of board director, the value of company, the financial leverage and the presence of women affect negatively the dissemination level of corporate governance information. While, the size of company is the only determinant that positively affects the extent of CGD. Practical implications The results are valuable because they reveal the attributes that determines which companies needs less or extra monitoring by shareholders and investors regarding the applied corporate governance practices. In addition, the study can be valuable to policy makers responsible for the regulation of company’s accountability in relation to corporate governance practices. Originality/value The study extents previous studies by incorporating for the first time Bloomberg’s rating approach regarding the dissemination level of CGD in Indian context.
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Troise, Ciro. "Entrepreneurship and Equity Crowdfunding: Does It Matter?" International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 10 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n10p72.
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This study aims to explore how entrepreneurship, i.e. the three well-known dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) (innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness), affects equity crowdfunding (ECF) performance. Many contributions in the entrepreneurship literature suggested that the entrepreneurial process is incomplete with the creation of a new venture. In this vein, the present paper focuses on the company’s fundraising capability, a stage that follow the establishment of a new business. Empirical regression analyses were performed and the sample consists of 134 projects collected from seven Italian platforms. Interesting successful drivers, belonging to the EO sphere, emerge from the study. Findings show statistically significant influence of the three exploratory variables: product innovation (as expression of innovativeness) and planning (as expression of proactiveness) positively affect ECF performance, while equity offered (as expression of risk taking propensity) has a negative impact. Scholars have little knowledge about the role of entrepreneurship in the ECF context, this study sheds some light on the importance of entrepreneurial aspects. The originality of this study lies both in the entrepreneurial framework and in the factors analyzed. The insights could have interesting implications for entrepreneurs, platform managers, investors and policy makers.
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Dékán, Tamás. "Some aspects of accounting and management accounting during economic downturns." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 3-4 (2009): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/3-4/7.
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Economic slowdown and downturn creates new situation for every organisation, no one can avoid facing to new situation created by the global financial-, and economic crisis.All of the organisational function should reconsider its own role within the company due to the new circumstances, Accounting and Mangement Accounting can not be exception, but they have more complex and emphasized role in these difficult times. In the following paper I can not avoid to mention some general statement about importance of accounting and accounting principles, while there are a number of criticalaccounting and financial reporting issues that accountants and auditors should consider.In the framework of the paper I can not face with all relevant issues of the topic, but after some general statement I would like to highlight some special area regarding to management accounting, which can be more important during these challenging time for decision makers and accountants.Regarding to balance sheet analysis its important to mention current debate about fair value comparing with historical cost from accounting point of view, on the other hand from the view of management reporting system I would like to highlight the importance of working-capital indicators. More practical topic is the crucial role of budgeting and forecasting during economic downturns, and at the end I would like to show why it is more important monitoring price variance and indirect cost allocation in these uncertain business circumstances.
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Wang, Chia-Nan, Van Tran Hoang Viet, Thanh Phong Ho, Van Thanh Nguyen, and Viet Tinh Nguyen. "Multi-Criteria Decision Model for the Selection of Suppliers in the Textile Industry." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060979.
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In recent years, the market of textile and garment materials has been volatile, and the ongoing US-China trade war is creating good opportunities for other markets such as Vietnam, Bangladesh and Mexico to continue to expand their market share in the United States. Vietnam is expected to have great advantages thanks to cheap labor cost and strong production capacity. Raw material supplier selection in a volatile competitive environment is crucial for a company to succeed, and supplier selection is a complicate process in which decision-makers must consider multiple quantitative and qualitative features, along with their symmetrical impact, in order to achieve an optimal result. The purpose of selecting the right supplier is to improve competitiveness and product quality, while satisfying customer demand at a minimum production cost. The aim of this paper is to propose a multicriteria decision making model (MCDM) for garment and textile supplier selection. In the first stage, all criteria affecting this process are defined by using the supply chain operations reference model (SCOR) and experts’ opinion. Incorporating hybrid fuzzy set theory into the analytical network process (ANP) model is the most effective tool for addressing complex problems of decision-making, which has a connection with various qualitative criteria; thus, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was applied for determining the weight of all potential suppliers, and the preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE II) was used for ranking the supplier. The results of this research will assist researchers and decision makers in identifying, adapting and applying appropriate methods to identify the optimal material suppliers in the textile and garment industry. This research can also be used to support supplier selection decisions in other industries.
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Andersson, Dan, Anna Dubois, Victor Eriksson, Kajsa Hulthén, and Anne-Maria Holma. "The transport service triad: a key unit of analysis." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 1 (2019): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2018-0299.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to identify and discuss the transport service triad (TST) as a key unit of analysis to understand the operations and conditions for change in freight transport systems at the micro level, i.e. at the level of analysis where business decisions and change interaction take place.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framing is rooted in the IMP approach and in the literature on triads. A case study approach is used to illustrate the TST by analyzing a case involving a wholesaler of installation products, tools and supplies, a main construction company and a transport service provider.FindingsThe paper shows how the connections between the business relationships in the TST, influenced by connections to relationships outside the triad, impact on the efficiency in freight transport. The paper illustrates how analysis of TSTs can be applied in micro-level studies of change in freight transport systems and in supply networks.Research limitations/implicationsThe triadic approach is instrumental to understand change in the transport system because it includes all relevant parties and relationships of concern, as well as the logic framing of their actions. However, while arguing that TSTs are generic to their nature, each TST is unique and needs to be identified and analyzed in its specific context.Practical implicationsThe suggested framework may contribute to an understanding of the embeddedness of transport services in supply/business networks. The framework may support the development of new ways of operating and creating value for customers and offering sustainable transport solutions.Originality/valueFrom the transport policy makers’ perspective, micro-level analysis is important to understand behavioral adjustments to new policies.
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Braga, Afonso Carlos, and Erika Camila Buzo Martins. "CONSCIOUS MARKETING: SEEDS FOR A NEW MARKETING CONCEPT TO DEAL WITH THE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN CONSUMERISM AND SUSTAINABILITY." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS 11, no. 2 (2020): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2020v11i2p3-17.
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This paper deals with a perceived conflicting paradox between consumerism and sustainability among top marketing executives of three purposely selected corporations, where each company represent a current organizational paradigm: the functional, the human radical and the interpretative. A case study methodology, based on in depth interviews, combined with a comprehensive bibliographic research, enabled to address how the planet limitations to provide resources can influence business strategies. Functional paradigm companies, for example, pursue infinite growth while we live in a finite planet. The question is if the Marketing Department of those companies in the different organizational paradigms have a role in providing inputs in the strategic long term planning. Furthermore, if the marketing discipline in the academic environment influence decision makers that participate on the companies’ business planning to shape the future in a perceived environment in 2017 where consumerism is posed in the against road of the planet sustainability. The study revealed that, the Marketing Department has limited power or voice to influence business decisions. On the other hand, ‘greener’ initiatives like Social Marketing, Green Marketing and Sustainable Marketing has potential to either evolve to or incorporate a new discipline concept, so called in this paper as ‘Conscious Marketing’. This opportunity should be kicked off at the academic level in Universities and Business Schools that may reinforce the relevance of the theme and help to build in the students, a new generation of professionals, the knowledge that we live in a finite planet with limited resources and that the humanity need to revisit its consumption standards to ensure living conditions to the future generations.
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Irfani, Dian Prama, Dermawan Wibisono, and Mursyid Hasan Basri. "Design of a logistics performance management system based on the system dynamics model." Measuring Business Excellence 23, no. 3 (2019): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-01-2019-0008.
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Purpose Logistics systems used in companies that perform multiple roles are expected to be able to manage conflicting objectives. Nevertheless, the literature suggests that many existing logistics performance measurement system (PMS) frameworks are not optimized to provide mechanisms to reveal dynamic relationships between conflicting performance indicators. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new logistics PMS by linking the system dynamics model with a set of balanced performance indicators. Design/methodology/approach The logistics PMS is developed through a literature review and case study of a company that plays multiple roles. The interrelationships between logistics factors and their links to end results are modeled in diagrams through in-depth interviews with stakeholders. The developed model is then used to build a simulation tool to analyze factors that cause poor performance. Findings The new logistics PMS developed by incorporating system dynamics offers decision makers ways to identify dynamic relationships among factors and conflicting indicators, in turn helping them to understand holistic logistics performance, objectively analyze why logistics systems perform in a certain way and foster a common shared view. Practical implications Stakeholders of companies that play multiple roles can use the new PMS model to comprehensively evaluate the performance of logistics systems. In addition, the increased visibility of logistics systems may support decision-making while preventing local optimization. Originality/value A logistical PMS based on the system dynamics model for managing logistics systems in companies performing multiple roles has not yet been identified. This paper fills this theoretical gap and contributes to the academic literature by proposing a novel PMS model based on the system dynamics model to address the limitations of existing PMS frameworks.
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Goddard, Robert. ""Modernising Company Law": The Government's White Paper." Modern Law Review 66, no. 3 (2003): 402–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.6603005.
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Goel, Rajni, Anupam Kumar, and James Haddow. "PRISM: a strategic decision framework for cybersecurity risk assessment." Information & Computer Security 28, no. 4 (2020): 591–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-11-2018-0131.
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Purpose This study aims to develop a framework for cybersecurity risk assessment in an organization. Existing cybersecurity frameworks are complex and implementation oriented. The framework can be systematically used to assess the strategic orientation of a firm with respect to its cybersecurity posture. The goal is to assist top-management-team with tailoring their decision-making about security investments while managing cyber risk at their organization. Design/methodology/approach A thematic analysis of existing publications using content analysis techniques generates the initial set of keywords of significance. Additional factor analysis using the keywords provides us with a framework comprising of five pillars comprising prioritize, resource, implement, standardize and monitor (PRISM) for assessing a firm’s strategic cybersecurity orientation. Findings The primary contribution is the development of a novel PRISM framework, which enables cyber decision-makers to identify and operationalize a tailored approach to address risk management and cybersecurity problems. PRISM framework evaluation will help organizations identify and implement the most tailored risk management and cybersecurity approach applicable to their problem(s). Originality/value The new norm is for companies to realize that data stratification in cyberspace extends throughout their organizations, intertwining their need for cybersecurity within business operations. This paper fulfills an identified need improve the ability of company leaders, as CIOs and others, to address the growing problem of how organizations can better handle cyber threats by using an approach that is a methodology for cross-organization cybersecurity risk management.
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Alogla, Ageel Abdulaziz, Martin Baumers, Christopher Tuck, and Waiel Elmadih. "The Impact of Additive Manufacturing on the Flexibility of a Manufacturing Supply Chain." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083707.
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There is an increasing need for supply chains that can rapidly respond to fluctuating demands and can provide customised products. This supply chain design requires the development of flexibility as a critical capability. To this end, firms are considering Additive Manufacturing (AM) as one strategic option that could enable such a capability. This paper develops a conceptual model that maps AM characteristics relevant to flexibility against key market disruption scenarios. Following the development of this model, a case study is undertaken to indicate the impact of adopting AM on supply chain flexibility from four major flexibility-related aspects: volume, mix, delivery, and new product introduction. An inter-process comparison is implemented in this case study using data collected from a manufacturing company that produces pipe fittings using Injection Moulding (IM). The supply chain employing IM in this case study shows greater volume and delivery flexibility levels (i.e., 65.68% and 92.8% for IM compared to 58.70% and 75.35% for AM, respectively) while the AM supply chain shows greater mix and new product introduction flexibility, indicated by the lower changeover time and cost of new product introduction to the system (i.e., 0.33 h and €0 for AM compared to 4.91 h and €30,000 for IM, respectively). This work will allow decision-makers to take timely decisions by providing useful information on the effect of AM adoption on supply chain flexibility in different sudden disruption scenarios such as demand uncertainty, demand variability, lead-time compression and product variety.
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Angulo-Ruiz, Fernando, Albena Pergelova, and William X. Wei. "How does home government influence the internationalization of emerging market firms? The mediating role of strategic intents to internationalize." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 1 (2019): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2017-0274.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the differential impact of government promotional measures and government ownership on two internationalization variables: location and speed of internationalization of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs). Central to the authors’ study is the mediating role of strategic intents to internationalize. In particular, we study how government impacts the resource-seeking, market-seeking and technology-seeking motives to internationalize. Design/methodology/approach The empirical setting for the paper is Chinese companies that have internationalized via an equity based entry mode. The authors employ 672 firm responses collected by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada and the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. Findings The empirical results demonstrate that different home government measures have differential impact on internationalization outcomes. Government promotional measures (such as direct incentives and bilateral agreements to support internationalization) have only an indirect effect on international location and speed through the effect they have on the strategic motives to internationalize; while government ownership in the company has a direct impact on international location. Research limitations/implications The study highlights that home governments are shaping EMNEs strategic intent. Home government can influence EMNEs internationalization choices by providing resource flows through financial resources and state ownership or through asset-accumulation mechanisms via promotional measures. Practical implications Policy makers in emerging markets need to develop policies focused on the specific motivations that firms have when internationalizing. EMNEs are suggested to take advantage of government policies more intentionally. Originality/value The theoretical contribution centers on identifying important mediating mechanisms pointing to the interplay between government policies and international location and speed of firms. The authors contribute to the growing stream of research on internationalization of emerging market firms by building a sound theoretical model and examining empirically the role of home government in the internationalization of EMNEs.
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Borraz-Sánchez, Conrado, Diego Klabjan, and Alper Uygur. "An Approach for the Railway Multiterritory Dispatching Problem." Transportation Science 54, no. 3 (2020): 721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0895.
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In this research, we address the railway multiterritory dispatch planning (RMTDP) problem. The goal of the RMTDP problem is to find the optimal movement of trains across consecutive dispatch territories, and it is one of the major challenges that decision makers face on a daily basis. It ideally takes into account the correct placement of maintenance windows, remaining capacity of terminals, and availability of train crews, among other critical aspects such as locomotive balance, fueling locations, and inspections. Although these train movement plans are made at the corridor level, which comprises several dispatch territories, when it comes to execution, the meet–pass decisions are made at the individual dispatch territories. This notion causes disruptions and misalignment at the boundaries of dispatch territories. The approach in this paper aims at finding a holistic conflict-free master plan by optimally matching train lineups at territory boundaries and smoothly routing trains through bottlenecks. We propose an efficient solution approach that iteratively constructs a master scheduling plan while minimizing the amount of train delay within a given planning horizon. This is accomplished by designing a time–space network model to identify feasible schedules and developing a mathematical programming–based heuristic to solve the underlying model. A thorough computational study shows the effectiveness of our heuristic approach, as we report reasonable average run times of 3.0 and 6.5 minutes to solve instances of moderate to large size problems, respectively. The results obtained from the algorithm using test snapshots from a Class I railroad company have been shown to assistant chief dispatchers and have received encouraging feedback for applicability.
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Caputo, Mauro, Emilia Lamberti, Antonello Cammarano, and Francesca Michelino. "Exploring the impact of open innovation on firm performances." Management Decision 54, no. 7 (2016): 1788–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2015-0052.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between the openness of firms and their innovation and financial performances. Design/methodology/approach – In order to investigate such relationships, data on inbound and outbound open innovation (OI) processes and performances of 110 worldwide top research and development (R & D) spending bio-pharmaceutical companies are collected via the consolidated annual reports and the PATSTAT database. The time period of the analysis is 2008-2012. Findings – Regarding innovation performances, R & D productivity and revenues to patents ratio decrease with openness, whilst patents growth is not influenced by OI adoption. As to financial performances, sales growth exhibits a positive trend with openness, while operating profit and turnover decrease with OI adoption. Particularly, an inverted U-relationship with inbound and a U-shape one with outbound are observed as of operating profit. Research limitations/implications – The study adds to the knowledge about the effect of openness on firms’ performances, a topic of increasing interest to academics, managers and policy makers. Both inbound and outbound facets of the phenomenon are taken into account. Practical implications – Understanding how openness affects performances enables more informed decision making by managers, leading to a more effective use of OI activities. Originality/value – The work provides new insights as to what “being open” means for a company, gauging both inbound and outbound transactions after a pecuniary perspective. Employing objective and continuous measures, the relevance of OI for the whole business of firms can be identified.
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Lechler, Sabrina, Angelo Canzaniello, Anton Wetzstein, and Evi Hartmann. "Influence of different stakeholders on first-tier suppliers’ sustainable supplier selection: insights from a multiple case study in the automotive first-tier industry." Business Research 13, no. 2 (2019): 425–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40685-019-00103-y.
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Abstract Public and academic attention towards sustainably managing companies and corresponding supply chains has been gaining significant momentum in recent years. While extensive literature is available on corporate sustainability and the original equipment manufacturers’ (OEMs) downstream supply chains, there is little empirical knowledge concerning why first-tier (FT) suppliers in the upstream supply chain implement sustainability into their supplier selection (SS) processes. However, FT suppliers have a crucial role in ensuring sustainability in upstream supply chains, as they are a key transmitter and often accountable for their OEMs’ sub-supplier portfolios. Grounded on a cross-case study approach of five FT suppliers, two associations and three non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as well as stakeholder theory, this paper investigates how different stakeholder groups are influencing the integration of sustainability aspects into FT suppliers’ SS processes. Therefore, government, NGOs, OEMs and employees are investigated as stakeholder groups. Characteristics, such as FT suppliers’ size, legal structure, material criticality, employees’ distance to the supply chain function, company culture and industry culture, could be identified as factors that influence the urgency of stakeholders’ sustainability claims and thus FT suppliers’ perceived sustainability pressure. Moreover, with regard to the OEM stakeholder group, it was found that, depending on the urgency of OEMs’ sustainability claims, FT suppliers align their sustainable SS processes to the actions and expectations of different stakeholder groups and thus fulfill the OEM’s sustainability expectations to varying degrees. Thus, our study contributes empirical knowledge to this so far underrepresented research field and is moreover beneficial for decision makers.
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Pacini, Carl, William Hopwood, George Young, and Joan Crain. "The role of shell entities in fraud and other financial crimes." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 3 (2019): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-01-2018-1768.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the use and application of shell entities, as they facilitate crime and terrorism, impede investigations and harm societies. Design/methodology/approach The study details the types and characteristics of shell entities, reviews actual cases to exhibit how shells are abused, outlines reasons shells disguise beneficial ownership and analyzes steps taken by countries and organizations to thwart the abuse of shell entities. Findings Many types of shell entities are used by white-collar criminals and are often layered in an intricate network which conceals the identity of beneficial owners. Nominees and bearer shares are used in tandem with shell entities to optimize concealment. Accountants, lawyers and trust and company service providers facilitate and promote the use and abuse of shell entities by lawbreakers. The G-8, Financial Action Task Force and G-20 have begun steps to improve ownership transparency, but the effort is moving at a modest pace. Research limitations/implications The analysis makes clear the reasons for and means by which the wealthy and powerful, along with criminals, conceal trillions of dollars of income and wealth that remain untaxed and may be used for nefarious purposes. The paper is limited by the paucity of data on concealed assets and their beneficial owners. Practical implications The findings clearly show the need for more concerted action by national governments, organizations, the United Nations and law enforcement and to improve ownership transparency and information exchange regarding shell entities. Social implications The findings demonstrate that shell entities used to conceal wealth prevent untold trillions in taxes from being collected by governments worldwide. This lack of revenue facilitates income inequality and skews national economic and fiscal policies. Also, more white-collar criminals and terrorist financiers could be brought to justice if ownership transparency is improved. Originality/value This study adds to the limited literature on shell entities, their characteristics and uses and abuses.
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Kumar, Sanjay, Jiangxia Liu, and Jess Scutella. "The impact of supply chain disruptions on stockholder wealth in India." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 45, no. 9/10 (2015): 938–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-09-2013-0247.
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Purpose – Supply chain structure, characteristics, and applicable policies differ between developing and developed countries. While most supply chain management research is directed toward supply chains in developed countries, the authors wish to explore the financial impact of disruptions on supply chains in a developing country. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of effective supply chain management practices that could help avoid or mitigate disruptions in Indian companies. The authors study the stock market impact of supply chain disruptions in Indian companies. The authors also aim to understand the difference in financial implications from disruptions between companies in India and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Event study methodology is applied on supply chain disruptions data from Indian companies. The data are compiled from public news release in Indian press. A data set of 301 disruptions for a ten-year period from 2003-2012 is analyzed. Stock valuation of a company is used to assess the financial impact. Findings – The results show that Indian companies on average lose −2.88 percent of shareholder wealth in an 11-day window covering the event day and five days pre- and post-disruption announcement. A significant stock decline was observed as early as three days prior to announcement, indicating possibility of insider trading and information differentials between investors. Irrespective of the location and responsibility of a disruption, companies experience significant negative returns. Company size, book-to-market ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio were found to be insignificant in affecting the stock market reactions to disruptions. The authors also compiled supply chain disruptions data for US companies. When compared to the US companies, Indian companies register a significantly higher stock decline in the event of a disruption. Research limitations/implications – Supply chain disruptions data from India and the USA are analyzed. Broad applicability of results across countries may require studying other developing countries. The research demonstrates potential effectiveness of investment in supply chain management initiatives. It also motivates research focussed specifically on supply chains in developing countries. Practical implications – Supply chain decision makers in India could benefit from investment in disruptions management and mitigation practices. The results provide a valuation of effective supply chain management. The findings provide guidance for investors in making decisions when supply chains face disruptions. Originality/value – The paper studies the financial consequences of supply chain disruptions in a developing country. The study is valuable because of increasing globalization, outsourcing, and the economic role of developing countries.
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Cortés Pellicer, Pascual, and Faustino Alarcón Valero. "Identification of reverse logistics decision types from mathematical models." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 11, no. 2 (2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2530.
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Purpose: The increase in social awareness, politics and environmental regulation, the scarcity of raw materials and the desired “green” image, are some of the reasons that lead companies to decide for implement processes of Reverse Logistics (RL). At the time when incorporate new RL processes as key business processes, new and important decisions need to be made. Identification and knowledge of these decisions, including the information available and the implications for the company or supply chain, will be fundamental for decision-makers to achieve the best results. In the present work, the main types of RL decisions are identified.Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on the analysis of mathematical models designed as tools to aid decision making in the field of RL. Once the types of interest work to be analyzed are defined, those studies that really deal about the object of study are searched and analyzed. The decision variables that are taken at work are identified and grouped according to the type of decision and, finally, are showed the main types of decisions used in mathematical models developed in the field of RL. Findings: The principal conclusion of the research is that the most commonly addressed decisions with mathematical models in the field of RL are those related to the network’s configuration, followed by tactical/operative decisions such as the selections of product’s treatments to realize and the policy of returns or prices, among other decisions.Originality/value: The identification of the main decisions types of the reverse logistics will allow the managers of these processes to know and understand them better, while offer an integrated vision of them, favoring the achievement of better results.
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Neilson, Leighann, and Erin Barkel. "“The gift that starts a home”: marketing of the hope chest in the USA." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 12, no. 4 (2020): 473–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-03-2020-0015.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a history of the marketing of hope chests in the USA, focusing in particular on one very successful sales promotion, the Lane Company’s Girl Graduate Plan. The Girl Graduate Plan is placed within its historical context to better understand the socioeconomic forces that contributed to its success for a considerable period but ultimately led to decreased demand for the product. Design/methodology/approach The history of the marketing of hope or marriage chests draws upon primary sources located in the Lane Company Collection at the Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Secondary sources and images of advertising culled from Google image searches provided additional insight into the operation of the company’s Girl Graduate Plan. Findings While the Lane Company benefitted in the form of increased sales, profit and brand awareness and loyalty from prevailing socio-economic trends, which supported the success of its Girl Graduate Plan, including targeting the youth market, this promotion ultimately fell victim to the company’s failure to stay abreast of social changes related to the role of women in society. Research limitations/implications Like all historical research, this research is dependent upon the historical sources that are accessible. The authors combined documents available from the Virginia Historical Society archives with online searches, but other data sources may well exist. Practical implications This history investigates how one manufacturer, a leader in the North American industry, collaborated with furniture dealers to promote their products to young women who were about to become the primary decision makers for the purchase of home furnishings. As such, it provides an historical example of the power of successful collaboration with channel partners. It also provides an example of innovation within an already crowded market. Social implications The hope chest as an object of material culture can be found in many cultures worldwide. It has variously represented a woman’s coming of age, the love relationship between a couple and a family’s social status. It has also served as a woman’s store of wealth. This history details how changing social values influenced the popularity of the hope chest tradition in the USA. Originality/value The history of the marketing of hope chests is an area that has not been seriously considered in consumption histories or in histories of marketing practices to date, in spite of the continuing sentimental appeal for many consumers.
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Asgary, Ali, Ben Pantin, Bahareh Emamgholizadeh Saiiar, and Jianhong Wu. "Developing disaster mutual assistance decision criteria for electricity industry." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, no. 2 (2017): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2016-0107.
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Purpose Disaster mutual assistance (DMA) or mutual aid is a reciprocal arrangement between organizations that permits and prearranges one company to access resources from another company to recover from disaster impacts faster. As a practical tool to access response resources quickly, DMA can be an important element of an effective emergency management process, but the decision to provide (or not to provide) DMA is challenging and involves a number of factors. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study conducted to identify DMA decision criteria and their weights based on electricity companies operating in North America. Design/methodology/approach The authors employed a combination of Delphi and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods. Delphi method identified the decision criteria that should be considered before electricity utilities enact their DMA agreements. A standard AHP calculated the weights of identified DMA criteria. Findings In total, 11 criteria were identified and classified into three main groups: responding criteria, requesting criteria and disaster criteria. Of the 11, “Emergency Conditions” within the responding criteria group, “Extent of Damage” of the requesting criteria group, and “Size of Disaster”, associated with the disaster criteria group, had the highest weight. Three other factors (“Work Safety Practice”, “Natural Hazards” and “Availability of Resources”) carried a noticeable weight difference, while the remaining factors were weighted relatively lower. Practical implications At present, a decision to provide mutual assistance is highly subjective, based on “gut feel”, and dependent on interpersonal relationships between the requestor and the provider. However, mobilizing and dispatching electricity industry crews is a risky and costly operation for both requesting and responding companies and requires careful assessment for which a cost-benefit threshold has not been developed. This cost-benefit perspective is often frowned upon owing to the intended altruistic nature of DMA agreements and its influence on decision makers. The developed criteria in this study are intended to assist electricity companies in making a more informed and quantifiable decision when deliberating a request for mutual assistance. These criteria may also be used by assistance-requesting companies to better identify electricity companies that are more likely to provide assistance to them. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by examining the current state of DMA in electricity utilities, identifying decision criteria and weighing such criteria to enable electricity companies in making more objective decisions, thereby, increasing the overall effectiveness of their disaster management process.
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Sen, Dilip Kumar, Saurav Datta, and S. S. Mahapatra. "Application of TODIM (Tomada de Decisión Inerativa Multicritero) for industrial robot selection." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 7 (2016): 1818–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-07-2015-0078.
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Purpose Robot selection is a critical decision-making task frequently experienced in almost every industries. It has become increasingly complex due to availability of large variety of robotic system in the present market with varying configuration, specification and flexibility. Improper selection may yield loss for the company in terms of potential profit as well as productivity. Hence, selection of an appropriate robot to suit a particular industrial application is definitely a challenging task. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach During robot selection, different criteria-attributes need to be taken under consideration. Criteria may be subjective or objective or a combination of both, depending on the situation. Criteria many be conflicting, in the sense that some criteria may require to be of higher value (higher-is-better), i.e. beneficial; while, others should correspond to lower values (lower-is-better), i.e. adverse or non-beneficial. Hence, the situation can be articulated as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The specialty of Tomada de Decisión Inerativa Multicritero (TODIM) method is that it explores a global measurement of value calculable by the application of the paradigm of non-linear cumulative prospect theory. The method is based on a description, proved by empirical evidence, of how decision makers’ effectively make decisions in the face of risk. Findings Hence, the present work has aimed to explore the TODIM approach for industrial robot selection. Assuming all criteria have been quantitative in nature; the paper utilizes two different numeric data sets from available literature resource in perspectives of robot selection. Procedural hierarchy and application potential of the TODIM approach has been illustrated in detail in this reporting. Originality/value Variety of tools and techniques have already been documented in literature to solve different kinds of industrial decision-making problems; however, it seems that application of TODIM has got limited usage. Hence, application potential of TODIM has been demonstrated here in light of a robot selection problem.
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Dey, R. Mithu, and Lucy Lim. "Audit fee trends from 2000 to 2014." American Journal of Business 33, no. 1/2 (2018): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajb-10-2016-0033.
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Purpose Setting audit fees is a persistent source of stress for auditors who must, on one hand, comply with the increasing government regulations that generally cause costs to rise; and on the other hand, respond to client pressures to keep audit fees down. In the post-scandal environment of Enron, WorldCom, and the demise of Arthur Andersen, policy makers have introduced additional costs for auditors by increasing regulations and creating a new industry watchdog – the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). In this environment of constant pricing-cost tension for the auditor, the purpose of this paper is to examine audit fee trends over an extended period, 2000-2014. Design/methodology/approach The authors calculate the unexpected audit fees using the audit fee model. The authors examine audit fee trends while controlling for changes due to inflation, auditor wages, and other audit fee determinants. Findings The key findings indicate that audit fees increased in response to the promulgation of new audit regulations requiring additional audit work, the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 and Auditing Standard No. 2 in 2004. Additionally, the authors find that audit fees decreased after new regulations alleviating audit work, namely the passage of Auditing Standard No. 5 in 2007, and remained unchanged when new regulations had a minimal impact on audit work, namely the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010. Practical implications The findings of this research are relevant to audit clients, auditors, and regulators as they weigh the cost and benefits of significant new audit regulations and their impacts on audit fees. Originality/value Using the more recent US data, the results in this paper show how events changed audit fee trends in recent years. The findings indicate that audit fees increased after the passage of new audit regulations such as the SOX Act of 2002, Auditing Standards No. 2 in 2004, and decreased after the passage of Auditing Standards No. 5 in 2007.
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Thompson, Piers, Robert Williams, and Brychan Thomas. "Are UK SMEs with active web sites more likely to achieve both innovation and growth?" Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 20, no. 4 (2013): 934–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-05-2012-0067.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impact of developing more active web sites and increasing e-commerce on the relationship between innovation and growth performance in SMEs. Using the existing literature and empirical analysis the study seeks to consider the potential of engagement with the internet to achieve the often hard to attain ambition of both innovation and growth. Design/methodology/approach – In order to examine the relationship, data are drawn from the Federation of Small Businesses' Lifting the Barriers to Growth Survey. In order to establish whether the use of more sophisticated web sites are associated with being an innovative high performance business, while controlling for other firm and entrepreneurial characteristics, multivariate analysis in the form of multinominal logits and discriminant function analysis are utilised. Findings – The results suggest that although theoretically web sites with tools allowing interaction with customers or suppliers could benefit SMEs through a reduction in transaction costs and wider access to information, enabling them to jointly experience innovation and growth, in practice there is less evidence that this occurs. Those firms with active web sites are more likely to be innovative, but less likely to be both innovative and achieving growth. Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests a framework for analysing the impact of e-business at process level that can be used with other SME case studies. Practical implications – These results suggest that further work must be undertaken to establish whether SMEs should be encouraged to make such investments and if so what additional help is required to ensure that investments in this digital infrastructure achieves an appropriate return on investment. Originality/value – The results are of importance to both SMEs and policy makers providing insight into the nature of potential benefits from web site development using a large dataset. A clear need to investigate further how more innovative SMEs can benefit from company web sites and ecommerce to grow is identified.
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Kaliszewski, Adam, and Wojciech Młynarski. "Not only sale of wood: diversification of sources of revenues in selected european public forest enterprises." Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, no. 3 (2020): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0016.
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AbstractEconomic viability of forestry is one of the key pillars of sustainable forest management and a basis for maintaining forests and their multiple benefits for the society. It may be achieved by, inter alia, diversification of sources of income in forest management. The aim of the article is to analyse sources of revenues of state-owned forest enterprises (holdings) in selected European countries and ongoing changes in this respect in recent years. In the paper, we analyse the structure of revenues of state forest enterprises in Poland, Germany (with the examples of Bavaria and Lower Saxony) and Austria; however, particular attention is paid to the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland, which is the largest state-owned forest holding in the European Union (EU) in terms of area of forests. The study is based on document content analysis methodology (desk research), including annual reports published by forest enterprises, statistical data and also legal regulations.The analysis shows that while revenues from the sale of wood are the main source of income of forest enterprises, some of them are seeking to diversify their sources of revenues. The Austrian Federal Forests can serve as an example of a good development strategy based on diversified sources of income. Also, the Lower Saxony State Forest company, which is approximately 60% dependent on the sale of wood, undertakes other activities, including real estate management, hunting and recreational services. Our study shows that both the State Forests National Forest Holding and the Bavarian State Forests Enterprise are based on timber harvest and sale to a large extent. We conclude that as regards the State Forests Holding in Poland, the possibility of expanding and diversifying commercial activities should become a subject of discussion among foresters, decision makers and politicians.
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Tajadod, Malek, Mohammadali Abedini, Ali Rategari, and Mohammadsadegh Mobin. "A Comparison of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approaches for Maintenance Strategy Selection (A Case Study)." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 7, no. 3 (2016): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2016070103.
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The growth of world-class manufacturing companies and global competition caused significant changes in the manufacturing companies operations. These changes have affected maintenance and made its role even more crucial to stay ahead of the competition. Maintenance strategy selection is one of the strategic decision-making issues that manufacturing companies in the current competitive world are facing. In this paper, a comparison between different Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches is conducted in a dairy manufacturing factory to rank the maintenance strategies. The aim is to suggest an appropriate approach for the best selection of the maintenance strategy. The decision-making elements including evaluation criteria/sub-criteria and problem alternatives, i.e., maintenance strategies are determined and a group of experts from the case-study factory are asked to make their pair-wise comparisons. The pair-wise comparison matrix is constructed by using the crisp and triangular fuzzy numbers, while the aggregation of individual priorities (AIP) approach is utilized to aggregate the decision-makers' judgments. The priority vectors of decision elements are calculated by Mikhailov's fuzzy preference programming (FPP) methods and the final weights of the decision elements are found. Results show that when the effectiveness of one element on the other elements is higher, it will have greater weights; and therefore, the results from the analytic network process (ANP) method is completely different from those of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The reason for the differences between the AHP and Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) with the ANP and Fuzzy ANP (FANP) is that both AHP and FAHP evaluate the criteria only based on the level of importance and do not consider the interdependencies and interactions among the evaluation elements. In this research, a predictive maintenance is selected as the most appropriate strategy in the case company and the preventive strategies outperformed the corrective strategies. The results of this research are consistent with the results of previous studies found in the literature.
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Nicholds, Boyd Alexander, and John P. T. Mo. "Reliability analysis of productivity enhancement initiatives." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 29, no. 6 (2018): 1003–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2016-0187.
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Purpose Process improvement (PI) projects in manufacturing suffer from high failure rates, often due to management capability overstretch. An organisation’s management may be unaware that they lack the necessary capability to achieve desired performance gains from a particular PI project. As a consequence, PI projects containing a level of complexity are undertaken but the organisation is not capable of providing the required resources. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for assessing whether a productivity enhancement initiative which develops into PI projects have a good probability of success (POS). The risk assessment method predicts the POS in achieving desired performance targets from a PI project. Design/methodology/approach The POS of a system can be measured in terms of reliability. An operation with a high POS indicates high reliability of the system’s ability to perform. Reliability is a form of risk assessment. When applied to PI projects, several key factors should be addressed. First, risk should be modelled with a framework that includes human factors. Second, time is an important dimension due to the need for persistence in effort. This research proposes the concept of performance effectiveness function, kP, that links the capability of an organisation with its performance level. A PI reliability function indicating the probably of success of the PI projects can then be derived at the design stage by combining the capability score and actual performance. Findings The PI reliability function has been developed and tested with an industry case in which a PI project is planned. The analysis indicates that the company is far from ideal to do the project. Research limitations/implications The reliability function may be used as a decision support tool to assist decision makers to set realistic performance gain targets from PI projects. The data set for deriving the function came from automotive and metal industries. Further research is required to generalise this methodology to other industries. Practical implications The reliability-based approach fills the gap in PI literature with a more holistic approach to determine the POS. Using the system’s reliability as an indicator, decision makers can analyse the system’s design so that resources can be used to increase key capabilities and hence the overall system’s POS can be increased more effectively. Social implications Many manufacturing organisations are looking to improve their operations by projects that aim to reduce waste in their operations. However, researches show that while achieving desired performance gain from PI is possible, it is by no means certain due to human factors. This research provides a decision support tool that evaluates human factors as well. Originality/value The originality lies in integration of the reliability theory to PI risk assessment and the novel method of characterising organisational capabilities to work towards meeting desired performance targets from manufacturing PI projects. This work has good potential to generalise for estimating the POS of other types of development projects.
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Brusov, Peter, Tatiana Filatova, She-I. Chang, and George Lin. "Innovative Investment Models with Frequent Payments of Tax on Income and of Interest on Debt." Mathematics 9, no. 13 (2021): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9131491.
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New modern investment models are created to be as close as possible to real investment conditions. We consider long-term as well as arbitrary duration models with payments of interest on debt and of tax on income a few times per year (semi-annually, quarterly and monthly), which could be applied in real economic practice. Their verification will lead to the creation of a comprehensive system of adequate and correct assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s investment program and its investment strategy. One of the most important elements of calculating the effectiveness of investment projects is the assessment of the discount rate, the calculation methods of which are generalized for the real conditions of the implementation of investment projects. We consider the effectiveness of the investment project from two points of view: the equity owners and the owners of equity and debt. NPV for each of these cases is calculated by two different methods: with the separation of credit and investment flows (and thus discounting the flows using two different rates) and without such separation (with discounting of both flows using the same rate, and WACC can be chosen as the rate). Numerical calculations, conducted for four investment models (without flow separation) show that: (1) in the case of considering the effectiveness of an investment project for owners of equity capital, the increase in the number of payments of tax on income and of interest on debt p leads to a decrease in NPV: this means that the effectiveness of an investment project decreases with p; (2) in the case of considering the effectiveness of an investment project for owners of equity and debt capital, the increase in the number of payments of tax on income and of interest on debt p leads to an increase in NPV: this means that the effectiveness of an investment project increases with p. In the former case, companies should pay tax on profit and interest on debt once per year, while in the latter case, more frequent payments are profitable for the effectiveness of investment. Eight innovative investment models created in this paper can assist decision-makers in the optimal design, planning and control of company investments and the development of a company’s investment strategy.
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He, Juan, Xin Wang, and Zhong Hua Ma. "On Risk Factors of Inventory Finacing Based on Structural Equation Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.674.
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This paper analyses the risk factors of inventory finacing, establishes path diagram and the structural equation model on relations between inventory financing risk factors and makes the empirical analysis. The results indicate the operation status of the company and the characteristics of the inventory pledged have a significant effect on credit risk, and so of the level of company management on company operation.Based on this, banks should take relative measures while developing the inventory finacing.
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Hansen, Michael W., and Wencke Gwozdz. "What makes MNCs succeed in developing countries?" Multinational Business Review 23, no. 3 (2015): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2014-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution in subsidiary performance and the factors influencing this performance based on a unique database of approximately 800 multi-national company (MNC) subsidiaries in developing countries. Developed-country multi-national companies (MNCs) are increasingly establishing subsidiaries in developing countries. The potential gains are high; however, so are the risks. While the issue of subsidiary performance should be at the heart of any international business (IB) enquiry into MNC activity in developing countries, surprisingly little research has examined this issue. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a comprehensive literature review of the IB performance literature, it is hypothesized that subsidiary performance essentially is shaped by five clusters of factors: location, industry, MNC capabilities, subsidiary role and entry strategy. These factors’ ability to explain variance in subsidiary performance is tested through a multiple regression analysis. Findings – MNC subsidiary performance in developing countries has improved enormously in recent decades. Especially, MNC capability and subsidiary role-related factors appear to explain variance in performance, while location factors appear to have less explanatory power. This suggests that strong MNC capabilities and organization can make MNCs succeed regardless of location. Practical implications – The key preparatory work for MNCs contemplating entry into developing countries is to carefully scrutinize internal capabilities and organization. Originality/value – The paper presents a model for explaining variation in subsidiary performance in developing countries specifically. The paper offers unique empirical insights into the state and drivers of subsidiary performance in developing countries.