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1
Wall, Kevin. "The 1998 “‘mini-Constitution’ for local government”: A review of the assumptions of the White Paper on Local Government." Acta Structilia 29, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 260–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/24150487/as29i2.9.
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Many South African municipalities suffer service-delivery problems that can usually be ascribed to inadequate management, skills, and budgets. The reasons for these, in turn, invariably include weak economic base, unwise spending of available funds, and difficulty in recruiting and retaining skilled staff. The White Paper on Local Government of 1998, to which Valli Moosa, the then Minister for Provincial Affairs and Constitutional Development, referred as “almost [being] regarded as a ‘mini-Constitution’ for local government”, together with the Municipal Demarcation Act of the same year, spelled out the framework in terms of which the local government system would be transformed. Municipalities, covering the entire country “wall-to-wall”, were thereafter established and powers and functions were assigned to them. After more than two decades, there can no longer be any doubt that many municipalities are, to a significant extent, failing in their primary duty of delivering services. The author sought to investigate to what extent this failing is due to flaws in the ‘mini-Constitution’. By examining aspects of the performance of municipalities, the article assesses key assumptions made by the drafters of the White Paper in respect of a number of key attributes for service delivery. These attributes include sufficient skills and funding, prudent budgeting and effective spending, good leadership, adequate systems and data, stability of the senior leadership, and the presence of trust and credibility. The article finds that many of the assumptions were flawed, with severe consequences for service delivery.
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Ngumbela, Xolisile. "A more than 21-year odyssey of developmental local government in South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 12, no. 7 (October 28, 2023): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i7.2864.
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This paper is an assessment of 21 years of developmental local government as advocated through the 1998 White Paper on local government. In the 21st century, local governments have developed into hubs for developmental objectives. This suggests that they are now expected to go beyond the fundamentals of providing services. For instance, the agenda of local governments has automatically adopted South Africa's idea of a developmental state that primarily prioritises economic development and the need to consider the most suitable intervention scales. With the implementation of the National Development Plan (NDP) in 2012, South African authorities formalised their intention to pursue a developing state. The authorities' conviction that the developmental state approach is a factor for development is evident from reading the NDP. Because of the vertical connections between regional, sub-regional and local processes of change, strategies must be well-suited to one another, different interventions may be most effective at various spatial scales, and strategy and implementation may also be most effective at particular scales. This study used a multi-site case study as the sole type of research methodology. The study took an exploratory approach, because it constituted contextual research, allowing the researcher to investigate and record research phenomena in line with diverse participant interpretations. The study discovered that despite the ideals outlined in the 1998 White Paper, National Development Plan, and District Development Model, emphasising the influence of the local sphere as closer to citizens, and thus more responsible for their welfare and development, factors such as public participation, a lack of skills, and sub-par infrastructure delivery have negatively impacted developmental local government outcomes. In the end, local government is unable to fulfill its responsibility for development. The paper contends that local government's performance, assessed against its constitutional purposes, hinders the realisation of a progressive state in South Africa against a backdrop of local government incapacity.
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Davies, Jonathan S. "Double-Devolution or Double-Dealing? The Local Government White Paper and the Lyons Review." Local Government Studies 34, no. 1 (February 2008): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930701770397.
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Leach, Steve, and David Wilson. "Diluting the Role of Party Groups? Implications of the 2006 Local Government White Paper." Local Government Studies 34, no. 3 (June 2008): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930802044502.
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Salako, Anuoluwapo, Adeola Adebajo, Abiodun Oyekanmi, and Toyin Omojowo. "The Role of Local Government in Community Transformation: A study of Abeokuta South Local Government Area." African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 1238–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpas.v17i1.59.
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Although the rationale behind the establishment of local governments globally is developmental in nature, it is sardonic and appalling to note that development is far from these local areas, especially in developing nations with Nigeria inclusive. In Nigeria, provisions ofbasic needs like local roads, drainages, healthcare and education in these local areas are questionable despite the number of local governments created nationwide;it is on this basis this paper is undertaken to assess the role of local government in community transformation, with a specific focus on Abeokuta South Local Government. The paper adopted a descriptive research method and data was gotten through the use of questionnaire and interview from residents and local government staff of Abeokuta South Area L.G.A. The paper adopted simple percentage with a mean score of 2.5 or higher as benchmark, while efficientservice-delivery was adopted as a theoretical framework.The paper discovered that Abeokuta South Local Government is equally created constitutionally and funded internally and externally, however, it was found underperforming, as most of the local developmental jobs are performed by the state government. This was due toseveral factors such as adoption of caretaker committee which led tolack of political autonomy, inadequate funding, lack of visionary local leaders, corruption etc. Therefore, the paper recommends that for Abeokuta South Local Government Area to be transformedthe Nigeria Constitution should be amended to give full autonomy both in administration and fund to local governments,a democratically elected government should replace the transitional or caretaker committee
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Grant, Bligh, Roberta Ryan, and Andrew Kelly. "The Australian Government’s “White Paper on Reform of the Federation” and the Future of Australian Local Government." International Journal of Public Administration 39, no. 10 (January 26, 2016): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1004088.
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Yu, Yuanyuan, Zhiqiao Ma, Hao Hu, and Yitao Wang. "Local government policies and pharmaceutical clusters in China." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-02-2013-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study how local government policy influences the structure of Chinese pharmaceutical clusters during their industrial catch-up. Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies a case study method by targeting pharmaceutical clusters in Tonghua, Taizhou, and Tianjin. Findings – The varied structures of pharmaceutical clusters in China demonstrate local governments' efforts to utilize local resources accordingly. While the local governments in China introduce different policies to firms with different ownership in the process of constructing different cluster composition, all the local governments emphasize motivating the development of small- and middle-sized enterprises for cluster dynamics. Practical implications – The local governments should try to reach a balance between short-term foundation and long-term competitiveness for industrial cluster development. Originality/value – This paper provides the detailed analysis of local governments' influences on the formation of pharmaceutical clusters in China and helps to enrich the knowledge about how local government promotes industrial clusters to realize industrial catch-up through sectoral innovation system.
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Brown, Trevor L. "Local Autonomy versus Central Control during Transition: Explaining Local Policy Outputs in Post-Soviet Ukraine." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 6 (December 2002): 889–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c25m.
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Many post-Soviet central governments have assigned numerous policy responsibilities to local governments, but have simultaneously constrained local autonomy in an effort to ensure that local governments pursue central objectives. In this paper, I examine the interplay between local autonomy and central control in one post-Soviet central government—Ukraine—by examining the case of small-enterprise privatization. Shortly after Ukraine's independence, the central government transferred ownership of state-run small enterprises to local governments, but required that local governments meet annual privatization targets set by a central agency. Some local governments have met the annual targets, while others have lagged behind. The results of an empirical analysis of local privatization levels indicate that central control mechanisms currently have limited influence over local decisionmaking. The results demonstrate that, instead, local elections have increased the influence of local groups whose interests do not always coincide with those of the central government. In response, the central government has instituted several changes to the intergovernmental finance system that are likely to increase central government authority and continue to move Ukraine towards a system in which local governments carry a heavy service-delivery load with limited autonomy.
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Graham, Nsiegbe, Davies Emmanuel Opuene, and Owhonda Ruwhuoma. "Public Sector Corruption and Local Government Administration in Rivers State Local Government Service Commission, 2009 – 2019." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v8.no2.2022.pg70.89.
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Corruption in the public sector has become the key factor eroding good governance and developmental aspirations of many countries of Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. This paper examined the effect of public sector corruption on local government administration in the Rivers State Local Government Service Commission (RSLGSC), between 2009 – 2019. The paper adopted the structural-functionalist theory as its analytical framework and relied on data generated via a four (4) Point Likert Scale Structured Questionnaire. 170 respondents representing the sample size of the paper was derived from a population of 295 staff of the RSLGSC using the Taro Yamane formula. The paper employed a survey research approach. Generated quantitative data was analyzed using tables and simple percentage and statistical method, while the proposition was tested using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0 data output). The paper reveals that there is a nexus between public sector corruption and poor local government administration and that these have hampered greatly the performance of most local government in Rivers State. Also, the paper revealed that the prevalent executive and administrative rascality, looting of public funds and other corrupt practices that pervade the RSLGSC is responsible for irregular staff promotion and unmerited staff recruitment going in the commission. As such, the paper recommends amongst others that; the commission as a governmental structure should be proactive and exercise the needed political will that is required to formulate and implement internal administrative policies and procedures that will reduce fraud and illegal practices.
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Cho, Im Gon. "Fiscal decentralization in Korea." Asian Education and Development Studies 7, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-11-2017-0113.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make policy recommendations for the current fiscal decentralization discussion by examining the operating mechanisms of local taxes, unconditional grants, and conditional grants within the fiscal relationships between the national government and local governments in Korea. Design/methodology/approach After examining the current fiscal relationships between the national government and the local governments, this paper analyzes trends of local taxes, unconditional grants from both national and high-level local governments, and conditional grants from both national and high-level (or provincial level) local governments between 2002 and 2015. Local governments are classified into high-level local governments, and three types of low-level local governments are: si, kun, and ku. Findings Since the structure of local government finances in Korea is very complicatedly intertwined, the present decentralization discussion regarding increasing the share of local tax revenues may not achieve its purpose of fiscal decentralization. The authorities in charge of revenue allocation should be first decentralized at high-level local governments; high-level local governments should then arrange unconditional and conditional grants from high-level local governments to low-level local governments while taking into consideration unconditional and conditional grants from the national government to low-level governments. Originality/value The dichotomy between the central government and local municipalities has been utilized in the existing discussion regarding fiscal decentralization in Korea, but this study highlights the important resource allocation roles of high-level local governments.
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Nurdin, Nurdin, Helana Scheepers, and Rosemary Stockdale. "A social system for sustainable local e-government." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 24, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsit-10-2019-0214.
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Purpose Most studies in electronic government (e-government) sustainability focus on the role of specific actors (stakeholders such as government employees or citizens) in sustaining an e-government project. However, such actors may not have sufficient resources to support e-government sustainability by themselves and must collaborate across different departments and stakeholders to sustain e-government projects. This paper aims to take a social systems theory perspective on sustainable local e-government, where actors cooperate and coordinate in a social system to leverage resources for e-government sustainability in local government contexts in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an interpretive study of two local e-government case studies based on in-depth interviews with local government information technology (IT) managers, local leaders and staff. Data analysis based on constructivist grounded theory is used to understand the role of a social system in sustaining e-government systems in local governments in developing countries. Findings The original social system theory was developed for industry initiatives and adapted for public organisations in this paper. The unique characteristics of the public sector and e-government innovation are used to identify new components of the social system related to local e-government. Local e-government is sustained through a collaboration between actors in a social system to leverage resources and reduce challenges. Research limitations/implications While this is an exploratory study, the cases show that the use of a social system theory consisting of institutional, management, social and economic components requires multiple lenses for investigation. This is a challenging process because it requires different areas of knowledge to carry out the research. The challenges may influence the overall outcome of this study. In addition, the two cases may generate limited insight and experiences as this study was carried out within two local governments in Indonesia. The findings may not provide a strong basis for generalization to other contexts. Practical implications This study offers guidance to local government IT departments to improve collaboration in a social system between local actors (such as political, managers and staff) while implementing and using e-government systems. Social implications Sustainable local e-government requires all actors to coordinate and cooperate in a social system to reduce financial, political and technical challenges. Originality/value This paper offers new insight into how a local government collaborates in a social system to realize sustainable e-government systems. Collaborating in a social system reduces common challenges and leverages resources to support e-government sustainability.
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Keyes, Laura, and Abraham Benavides. "Local Government Adoption of Age Friendly Policies: An Integrated Model of Responsiveness, Multi-Level Governance and Public Entrepreneurship Theories." Public Administration Quarterly 41, no. 1 (March 2017): 149–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073491491704100107.
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Existing research on local government adoption of age friendly policies has been limited in its theoretical approach and empirical analysis. While these findings suggest an important role for local government in this issue, this paper asserts that a single model does not offer a full explanation. Therefore, the following paper assess different conceptual models for local government adoption of policies deemed important for older adults to remain independent in their community. This paper argues that responsiveness, multi-level governance, and public entrepreneurship theories offer a fuller explanation for local government policy decision-making. Some local governments throughout the nation are already showing an increase in support for the adoption of age-friendly policies and are designing initiatives that address fundamental policies like housing, transportation, and other services. This research examines evidence from a 20-question survey designed to probe general features of local governments and specific community characteristics to determine the extent to which local governments adopt relative policies and implement programs. The authors find support for a multi-model explanation.
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Abubakar Oladeji. "The Place of the Local Government in Nigeria’s Federal Arrangement." JPPUMA Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area 10, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v10i2.8210.
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Multi-level government arrangements-federal, state/provincial and local government-are common to all federal systems. However, the place and role of local government in those systems vary markedly. In some, local government is a constitutionally recognised sphere of government, while in others it is merely a competence of the state/provincial government, or an administrative unit of a higher order of government. In some federal systems where it is recognised, like Nigeria, the local governments are principally established for socio-economic and political development at the grassroots. Thus, local governance is the prerogative of the local governments in Nigeria. This tier of government established by Section 7 of the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) has some of its functions detailed in the fourth schedule of the same constitution. The overall objective of this paper is the analysis of the current status of the local government within the Nigerian federal system, and a critical examination of what the future holds for the third tier of government in Nigeria. Using essentially secondary documentary method, with content and thematic analysis, the paper recommends incremental constitutional review (as against mega constitutional renewal), the need to enhance political and economic autonomy of local government through frequent elections, and adopting new strategies for generating internal revenues for the local government in Nigeria.
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Bellström, Peter, Monika Magnusson, John Sören Pettersson, and Claes Thorén. "Facebook usage in a local government." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 10, no. 4 (October 17, 2016): 548–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-12-2015-0061.
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Purpose To fully grasp the potential of using social media, one must know what governments and citizens are communicating in these media. Despite much statistics published, there is a dearth of research analyzing information content in detail. The purpose of this paper is to identify the kind of information exchange that occurs between a local government and its constituent citizens using social media. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a qualitative single case study of the Facebook presence of the municipality and city of Karlstad, Sweden, one of the most prominent local governments on Facebook in the country. Facebook page data were collected between May 2015 and July 2015. A content analysis was performed on the data to explore new and existing categories that drive the analysis. Findings The paper identifies 11 content categories for municipality posts and 13 content categories for user posts (citizen or organization). The frequency for each content category reveals that the page owner is first of all using its Facebook page to promote different happenings in the municipality while the page user is asking questions to the municipality or other users. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to one municipality, but achieves analytical generalizability in its findings. In other words, the categories and mode of communication are a finding in and of itself that in future research may be validated in terms of commonality on a national scale. Practical implications Management concerns about opening up a municipality Facebook page for user posting may be exaggerated: positive posts are as common as complaints. If an organization wants to use the Facebook page for increased user participation and collaboration, it seems that users, both citizens and organizations, welcome such opportunities. However, such posts are not likely to receive many comments or shares from other users. Originality/value The paper is one of the first that uses content analysis to categorize both page owner posts and user posts on a local government Facebook page. The content categories identified in the paper provide novel and detailed insights on what types of information exchange occur on social media between a local government and citizens but also highlight the need to distinguish organizations from citizens among the visitors to the government Facebook page. Different types of user will post different types of content. The identified content categories can serve as a basis for future empirical research within e-government research.
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Husnan, Lalu Hamdani, Abd Manan, Akhmad Jufri, and Muhdin. "Effects of Government Internal Control System, Accessibility Financial Report, Local Financial Management Transparency, Local Financial Management Accountability Toward Local Government Performance." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (November 1, 2023): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).63.
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The aims of this paper is to examine the effects of government internal control system (SPIP), accessibility financial report (ALK), local financial management transparency (TPKD), and local financial management accountability (APKD) toward local government performance (KPD) of Central Lombok Local Government of Indonesia. Type of this paper was causative research. The population in this study are internal and external stakeholders, with purposive sampling technique, and involving 150 respondents. The result of this test using SPSS 20 shows that Government internal control system has negative and not significant effect to local government performance, while Financial report accessibility, transparency, and accountability have positive and significant effect to local government performance. The results of this study can contribute to knowledge and development of accountancy literature especially public sector accountancy associated with local financial management and their implication to local government performance.
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Fengze, Yu. "Measurement and Analysis of the Stability of Local Fiscal Revenue." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 9, no. 1 (2023): 09–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.91.2.
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The stability of fiscal revenue, so called the fluctuation of fiscal revenue, refers to the fluctuation degree of local government's actual fiscal revenue deviating from the expected fiscal revenue. As the main way of funds for local governments to perform public service functions, fiscal revenue is an important starting point for local governments to regulate and participate in economic activities. The drastic fluctuation of fiscal revenue will interfere with the government's economic functions, reduce the quantity and quality of public services, and produce inefficient government activities. The economic and social activities carried out by governments at all levels in practice are numerous and complicated, which can be classified according to different purposes and perspectives. However, no matter which classification method is adopted, stable financial revenue is the core guarantee of government economic activities, which is in the position of "leading the development and affecting the whole body". Based on the combination variance method of white (1983), this paper constructs the stability index of local fiscal revenue, and measures the stability of fiscal revenue of all provinces in China, and interprets and analyzes the measurement results through the theoretical method of economics. It is found that there are significant regional differences in the fluctuation of local fiscal revenue in China. By comparing the changes of fiscal revenue fluctuation index in 2000, 2009 and 2018, the fluctuation index of fiscal revenue shows obvious regional differences. The fluctuation degree of the economically developed eastern coastal area is lower than that of the underdeveloped central and Western Region, and the southern region with lower economic activity is significantly lower than that of the north. On the other hand, the external shocks such as "replacing business tax with value-added tax" and financial crisis also have a positive impact on local tax fluctuations. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it is found that good economic foundation, capital accumulation, industrial structure and geographical location have a great impact on financial stability. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the gap between the stability of fiscal revenue in different regions, actively improve the economic foundation of the poor stability of the central and western regions, formulate differentiated economic and financial policies, vigorously develop the secondary and tertiary industries, and improve the stability of fiscal revenue to cope with regional economic risks and improve the administrative efficiency of the government.
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Nor, Wahyudin, Muhammad Hudaya, and Rifqi Novriyandana. "Financial statements disclosure on Indonesian local government websites." Asian Journal of Accounting Research 4, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajar-06-2019-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which audit opinion, audit findings, follow-up audit recommendations, level of education, level of welfare and heads of local governments’ commitment influence the disclosure of financial statements on the official website of local government. Design/methodology/approach The data of this research comprise 68 financial statements during the period 2015–2016 collected from 34 local governments across Indonesia by employing the census method. The data then are analyzed using logistic regression. Findings The results of this study show that audit opinion has a positive significant influence on the disclosure of financial statements on local government websites in Indonesia, while the audit findings, follow-up audit recommendations, level of education, level of welfare and heads of local governments’ commitment have no significant influences on the disclosure of financial statements local governments’ websites across Indonesia. Originality/value The study contributes to the public sector accounting research by enhancing our understanding to the disclosure of financial statements on local government websites.
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Andrew Osehi Enaifoghe and Toyin Cottis Adetiba. "The Dynamic Approaches in Enhancing Citizenry Participation in South African Local Government." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 10, no. 2(S) (September 18, 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v10i2(s).2907.
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The Constitution of South Africa is underpinned by the standards of good administration, featuring the significance of open interest as a basic component of an effective local administration, with respect to subject inclusion in a "local government" organization. The interest of citizens to participate in local government issues is viewed as having a noteworthy ramification on democratizing administration conveyance beyond simply delegate government, by having people and community as focal role players all the while. In South Africa, the need for the community to participate in local government administration offers a more prominent control of the underprivileged over their own circumstance and guarantees their full inclusion in deciding their very own formative needs. Along these lines, districts must assume a noteworthy job in advancing the majority rules system of democracy and guaranteeing that the community takes an interest in choices that influence them specifically. This study contends that regardless of its perplexing structures, obstructions, and serious administrative difficulties, citizens’ interest stay vital to the accomplishment of local government administration conveyance. The idea of community support as an indispensable factor for a fruitful government and delivery of good administration in the local circle was examined in this paper. The possibility of community interest in South Africa was bolstered by the declaration of different administrative structures which supported the contribution of individuals in local administration and strategy making. For instance, the White Paper on Local Government (1998) a qualitative analysis method was adopted by this study and the rational model was applied to place things in the correct points of view.
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Oluwaleye, Janet Monisola. "State Interference and Service Delivery in Nigeria’s Local Government Administration: The Case of Ado Local Government Area, Ekiti State, 2011 – 2021." Global Journal of Political Science and Administration 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjpsa.2013/vol11n22841.
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The establishment of local governments in Nigeria was motivated by the need for administrative convenience and development. The peculiarities of the grassroots government, according to efficiency service theorists, would engender national development. The purposes of the study, using mixed methods, were to investigate the challenge of state interference and the implications on service delivery in Ado Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria between 2011 – 2021. Primary data involved the use of online questionnaire and observation. The total of 103 respondents responded to the online questionnaires used for the analysis. Sources of secondary data include textbooks, reputable journals, and the internet. Primary data was analyzed statistically using frequencies, percentages and pie chart while content analysis was used for secondary data. The study discovers that state governments have been shortchanging local governments in Nigeria through their interference. The paper recommends political and financial autonomy for the local government to enhance sustainable development.
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Cirell, Stephen, and John Bennett. "The Development of E-government Policy for Local Authorities." Legal Information Management 3, no. 2 (2003): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001821.
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E-government first came on the scene for local authorities in 1999 with the publication of the White Paper Modernising Government by the Cabinet Office. The Government of the time was persuaded that, due to the substantial and high publicity advances in online and dot.com businesses, public services in general and local government functions in particular would have to be capable of being delivered technologically. If this was not to be the case, then the Government expected a backlash from those who could buy goods online, download music from Internet sites and post messages on bulletin boards but who could not report a fault, make a complaint or pay their council tax in a similar way. Ironically, during the intervening years, the business world has seen the dot.com crash and many of the young upstart businesses which appeared on the scene around that time have either gone bust or been swallowed up by more traditional businesses that approached the electronic agenda much more slowly and cautiously. This means that one of the main drivers to have e-government at all, has substantially reduced in its ferocity.
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Kukovič, Simona, Miro Haček, and Alan Bukovnik. "The Issue of Local Autonomy in the Slovenian Local Government System." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.3.303-320(2016).
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The paper analyses the autonomy of Slovenian municipalities toward the central government. Slovenia is one of the very few countries in the European Union with a one-tier local government system, and while levels of local democracy have been on the rise for the last two decades, relations between the state on the one side and local units (municipalities) on the other has slowly deteriorated, especially over questions of municipal competencies, central oversight and the local financing of local communities. While Slovenia ratified the European Charter on Local Government in 1996, the charter was never fully implemented, as the subsidiarity principle was never fully implemented by the state. The paper will analyse the issue of local autonomy with special emphasis on the three mentioned topics, using primary and secondary sources as well as empirical data from several opinion polls conducted among stakeholders from national and local authorities.
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Sylvia, Eko Ganis Sukoharsono, Yeney Widya Prihatiningtias, and Roekhuddin. "Public interest and accrual accounting: are they aligned?" Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 14, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-10-2017-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the merits of accrual-based accounting for the public in an Indonesian local government. It gives insights into the connection between the new practices and responses from government apparatus. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies genetic structuralism from Pierre Bourdieu to study the interrelation of habitus, field and capital in the accrual accounting implementation. Findings The result indicates a symbolic dominance of central government in the implementation of accrual-based accounting in the local government. Accrual accounting is considered to be a technique of government accountability which is independent from political and social situation. Practical implications The accrual accounting implementation preoccupies the government officials in their study of the preparation of financial statements while its utilization to increase the public welfare is still ignored. Social implications The government still prioritizes accountability and transparency for managerial and political purposes. Hence, the public interest is less superior compared with the formalities established between governments – the central government and local governments – and the regional legislator. Originality/value This paper contributes to the evaluation of the alignment of government policy with the public interest.
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Rivenbark, William C., Whitney Afonso, and Dale J. Roenigk. "Capital spending in local government." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 30, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-05-2018-0053.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of the Great Recession on the capital assets being depreciated and the capital assets condition ratio for the governmental activities of the government-wide financial statements, while identifying possible socioeconomic and financial variables that help explain capital investment behavior in local government. Design/methodology/approach Based on capital spending from fiscal year 2005–2006 (FY06) to fiscal year 2012–2013 (FY13) for the governmental activities of 471 North Carolina municipalities as reported on their government-wide financial statements, the authors use a fixed effects model to test our two hypotheses. Findings The authors find that most municipalities consistently invested in capital assets before, during, and after the Great Recession but were not able to maintain pace with depreciation. The authors also find that the capital assets being depreciated is affected by numerous socioeconomic and financial variables, while the capital assets condition ratio is not. Research limitations/implications The study continues to build on previous research, demonstrating that different results are produced when the analysis is based on local data rather than sub-national data. Practical implications An implication from our study that expands across research and practice is that capital investment and capital value are two different dimensions of capital management in local government, which drives research in terms of how this multidimensional concept is specified and drives practices in terms of how this multidimensional concept is approached within annual capital budgets and capital improvement programs. Originality/value The study represents one of the first studies that focuses on capital spending in local government based on data from the government-wide financial statements.
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Egwuagu, Uloma Bridget, Desmond Okechukwu Nnamani, and Norah Uzodimma Okolie. "The overbearing role of state over local government and provisions of 1999 constitution: Where is local level autonomy in Nigeria?" Journal of Policy and Development Studies 15, no. 2 (June 13, 2024): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i2.13.
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The provision of section 7 of 1999 Constitution by apex court judgment and extra-judicial pronouncements put local governments under the apron of state government. This control has been in the front burner of discourse in Nigerian politics since 1999 till date especially grassroots governance. The paper examines state-local relations from legal and operational view- points, illustrates how state government set aside the intent of 1999 Constitution that institute local government system properly organized, monitored supervised by state level. The paper adopted developmental theory as its framework as propounded by Lele, Zamani, Ola & Adamolekun. The data were collected through primary and secondary source; relevant data were analyzed supplemented with in- depth interview subjected to descriptive and infernal statistical analysis. Pearson Product Movement Correlation was used to analyze dependent and independent variables while t-test was employed to test the hypotheses. The paper found out that local level has failed because state government refuse has failed to perform their responsibilities in line with the tenets of the 1999 Constitution and other extant laws. There is need for an efficient and effective local government system on the premise of federal decentralized system. It has been noted that the existing legal framework require adjustment by granting local level, state assembly and state judiciary autonomy to checkmate the excess of state level. In accomplishing this will improve the interaction, cooperation and relation for a virile local government system in Nigeria.
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Kong, Wenping. "Research on the Influence of Local Government Debt on Enterprise Debt Financing." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 7, no. 2 (February 5, 2023): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v7i2.4792.
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In recent years, China's local government debt and corporate debt issues have attracted the attention of academia and the government. At present, the financing difficulties of SMEs have become a problem in the industry. Although the existing literature has studied the impact of local government debt on the debt financing of micro enterprises, the academic circles still hold disputes on the "crowding out effect" and "crowding in effect" of local government debt on micro enterprise behavior. This paper selects the panel data of provincial local government debt and A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2020 to explore the impact of local government debt on corporate debt financing from the scale and structure of corporate debt financing. According to the empirical results, the expansion of local government debt will lead to a decline in the debt financing level of local enterprises. From the perspective of different debt sources, the impact of local government debt expansion is significantly different. Local government debt expansion has a strong and significant crowding out effect on corporate financial liabilities, while this effect on corporate operating liabilities is weak. Accordingly, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions: local governments should reasonably control their own debt scale, implement differentiated deleveraging policies according to local conditions, strengthen the cooperation between financing platforms and private capital, vigorously develop the direct financing market, and create good conditions for enterprise financing.
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Saleh, Muhammad, Muhammad Wildan, and Gemuh Surya Wahyudi. "Regulation of intergovernmental disputes: The aviation industry case study." Corporate and Business Strategy Review 5, no. 2 (2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv5i2art1.
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The main problem in this paper is a dispute between the government of West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB) Indonesia, and the government of Central Lombok Regency about the fight to name the airport. This paper aims to explain that the struggle for the name of Lombok International Airport (BIL) to become Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport (BIZAM) in Lombok has become a dispute between Levels 1 and 2 local governments. The form of conflict is that the NTB Level 1 local government wants an airport called BIZAM, while the Central Lombok Level 2 regional government wants BIL. This paper uses in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation methods. The results of this paper show that the conflict occurs because there are planned elements carried out by Levels 1 and 2 local governments that are indirectly affiliated with one particular religious or social group in the fight for airport naming. For this reason, this article implies that the conflict occurs solely because it wants to maintain the identity and for the sake of the self-esteem of each group or socio-religious organization.
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Madhovi, Trust. "The Impact of Social Accountability Mechanisms on Fiscal Management Challenges Facing Goromonzi Rural District Council, Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 2 (May 24, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i2.16825.
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This paper examines the impact of social accountability mechanisms on the fiscal management challenges facing local government bodies in Zimbabwe. The paper hypothesises that there is a positive relationship between the use of social accountability mechanisms or tools by local authorities and the effectiveness of their fiscal management policies to mobilize more revenue for service delivery. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods are adopted in gathering and analysing data from central government officials, Goromonzi Rural District Council employees and members of the public. The results of the study reveal that the local government body faces a number of fiscal management challenges that include a shrinking tax base, non-payment of taxes, resistance to successive budgets; lack of implementation; lack of monitoring and evaluation. Council has implemented participatory budgeting to deal with some of these challenges. While results show a significant improvement in tax collection, some of the challenges have persisted. The paper proposes some recommendations useful to central government, policy makers, civil society organisations, local government officials and the general public. The paper manages to demonstrate that the implementation of social accountability tools can have positive impacts on the fiscal management challenges facing local governments.
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Yang, Hee Jin, Jun-Hyung Kim, Dongha Park, and Nahyun Kim. "Rethinking the Role of Local Governments in Housing Policy: Focused on Public Rental Housing." Korean Association for Housing Policy Studies 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 5–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24957/hsr.2022.30.3.5.
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Since housing is a location-fixed property, the causes and solutions for housing problems in each region are inevitably different. Accordingly, since the 1990s, when the local autonomy system began, there has been continued discussions on the necessity of localizing housing policies. However, the central government still plays a leading role in the planning and implementation of housing policies, and the local governments play a supportive role. While focusing on the public rental housing policies, this paper aims to identify the obstacles deterring the localization of housing policies and to suggest practical implications for expanding the role of local governments in public housing policies. Through in-depth interviews with major stakeholders such as local governments and local public enterprises, this paper argues that the local government’s comprehensive housing plan should be strengthened in terms of its status and role. In the proposed new system, local governments establish public rental housing policies in consideration of individual local conditions. The central government should present budget allocation standards so that local governments can reduce the financial burden of the supply and management of public rental housing.
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Muhammad Koko, Nuruddeen Muhammad, Azmil Mohd Tayeb, and Siti Zuliha Razali. "Restructuring State - Local Relations in Nigeria: Issues and Perspectives." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.908.
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Federations thrived where levels of government exist and function based on shared rule and self-rule concurrently. Thus, a key defining feature of federalism is the assignment of responsibilities between component units such that each unit is assigned specific responsibilities within its jurisdiction. However, in Nigeria, the disproportionate distribution of responsibilities and resources amongst the component units had resulted in a dysfunctional federation. By virtue of the provision of section 7 of 1999 Constitution, Supreme Court's judgements and extra-judicial pronouncements, local governments are under the "supervisory control" of the State Governments (SGs). However, the extent to which this supervisory control is exercised has been at the front burner of every discourse on Nigerian politics and particular governance challenges. While examining state-local governments relations from both legal and operational viewpoints, this paper illustrates how the SGs wore away the intent of the framers of the Constitution, which is to institute a system of local government that is properly organised, monitored supervised by the SGs. A qualitative research approach was used. Data was collected via official documents, relevant literature, and interviews from officials of the SGs and local governments and experts selected purposively and conveniently. The paper established that local governments are failing simply because the SGs have failed to perform their responsibilities per the spirit of the Constitution and other extant laws. The article finally advocates for an efficient and effective local government system premise on the federal decentralise system. In doing that, it is important to stress that the existing legal aspect does require slight adjustment especially granting the Houses of Assembly of State and state judiciary reasonable autonomy to checkmate the excesses of the SGs. Moreover, accomplishing this will significantly restructure and improve the operational aspect of the relationship for a virile local government system.
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Rutkowski, James L., Daniel P. Camm, and Edgard El Chaar. "AAID White Paper: Management of the Dental Implant Patient During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond." Journal of Oral Implantology 46, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 454–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-20-00316.
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The scientific community's understanding of how the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted and how to best mitigate its spread is improving daily. To help protect patients from acquiring COVID-19 from a dental office nosocomial infection, many state or local governments have classified dental treatments as “nonessential” and have paused routine dental care. Dentists have been instructed to perform only procedures designated as emergencies. Unfortunately, there is not a good understanding of what a dental emergency is among governmental leaders. What a government agency may perceive as an elective procedure may be seen as “essential” by the dental clinician responsible for maintaining the oral health of the patient. Each dental specialty understands the effects delayed care has on a patient's oral and systemic health. Dentistry has made extensive progress in improving oral health through prevention of the dental emergency. The dental profession must work together to prevent the reversal of the progress dentistry and patients have made. This American Academy of Implant Dentistry (AAID) White Paper discusses what COVID-19 is and how it impacts dental treatments, presents guidelines for dentistry in general and for dental implant related treatments, specifically. Recommendations for implant dentistry include the following: (1) what constitutes a dental implant related emergency, (2) how patients should be screened and triaged, (3) what personal protective equipment is necessary, (4) how operatories should be equipped, (5) what equipment should be used, and (6) what, when, and how procedures can be performed. This paper is intended to provide guidance for the dental implant practice so patients and dental health care providers can be safe, and offices can remain open and viable during the pandemic.
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Watson, Richard B., and Peter J. Ryan. "Big Data Analytics in Australian Local Government." Smart Cities 3, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 657–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3030034.
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Australian governments at all three levels—local (council), state, and federal—are beginning to exploit the massive amounts of data they collect through sensors and recording systems. Their aim is to enable Australian communities to benefit from “smart city” initiatives by providing greater efficiencies in their operations and strategic planning. Increasing numbers of datasets are being made freely available to the public. These so-called big data are amenable to data science analysis techniques including machine learning. While there are many cases of data use at the federal and state level, local councils are not taking full advantage of their data for a variety of reasons. This paper reviews the status of open datasets of Australian local governments and reports progress being made in several student and other projects to develop open data web services using machine learning for smart cities.
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Nuraliev, Shokhrukh. "FDI AND ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF EMPOWERING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS." Public Administration Issues, no. 6 (2022): 138–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2022-0-6-138-160.
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This study analyzed the relationships between administrative decentralization, empowering local governments, and attracting foreign direct investments (FDI) based on an online questionnaire completed by government officials in Uzbekistan. The examined data suggests that empowerment of local governments is positively related to attracting foreign direct investments as mediating variable, while administrative decentralization does not directly affect foreign direct investments attraction. The paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of the mediating role of empowering local governments in Uzbekistan, and highlights policy implications that need to be implemented to establish a new legal status for local authorities. Further research is required on the specific way that the survey will be conducted only among government officials who are in charge of departments in investment policy. Based on the analysis, the study developed recommendations for changing the administrative environment that can create conditions that are more favorable for foreign investors. This study might help public administration, policy scholars, and, to be more specific, the policymakers, government officials to put better regulation into their agendas.
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Ali, Kashif, and Kashif Rathore. "Tracing the tapestry: A comprehensive chronicle of local governance evolution in Pakistan." Journal of Management Info 10, no. 4 (January 4, 2024): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v10i4.2968.
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Local governments are important for several reasons, e.g., they offer tailored solutions, quick responses to local problems, and efficient resource allocation. While the effectiveness of local governments is evident, successful outcomes depend on factors such as institutional capacity, financial resources, and supportive national policies that enable local autonomy and governance. This research study has examined the importance and rationale of decentralized local governments. Further, this research paper has reviewed the local government system in Pakistan and discussed the merits and demerits of the adopted local system in different regimes.
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Idiculla, Mathew. "Unpacking Local Self-Government: The Uncertain Power of Cities in the Indian Constitution." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 53, no. 1 (2020): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2020-1-30.
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While cities are increasingly becoming powerful economic and political units, legal scholars have paid inadequate attention to the role of local governments in the constitutional division of powers. This paper examines the legal authority of city governments in India’s constitutional architecture and analyses the nature and extent of powers exercised by them. While globally city governments seldom derive their powers directly from the Constitution, in India the passage of the 74th Amendment has ensured that they have a definite space in its Constitution. Despite constitutional entrenchment, urban local governments in India find themselves powerless to administer some of the core municipal functions including urban planning. This paper seeks to analyse the reasons behind this contradiction. It argues that city governments continue to be weak because of the inherent limitations of the scope of the 74th Amendment as well as the way in which it is translated and implemented by the states. It examines the constitutional authority of urban local governments by analysing the key provisions of the 74th Amendment and its judicial interpretations. To understand how the constitutional reform has translated on the ground, this paper closely examines the role and functioning of the city government of Bangalore.
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Chen, Shiyi, and Wang Li. "Local government debt and regional economic growth in China." China Political Economy 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 330–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2019-0028.
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Purpose With China’s economic growth slowing down and the growth rate of fiscal revenue decreasing, the pressure on local government debts is further increasing. Under this background, it is of great significance to clarify the relation between local government debts and China’s economic growth in order to give full play to the positive role of local debts in stabling growth. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Therefore, this paper explores the impact of Chinese local government debt on economic growth from theoretical and empirical aspects, respectively, and compares the regional differences between different debts and economic growth dynamics. Findings In the theoretical model part, this paper constructs a three-sector dynamic game model, under the two circumstances of whether local government is subject to debt constraints, and examines the relation between local government debt and economic growth and other variables through numerical simulation. Research shows that when the government is not constrained by debt, there is an inverted “U” relation between government debt and economic growth. When the government is constrained by debt, the economic growth rate gradually decreases as the government debt increases. Originality/value In the theoretical analysis part, this paper tries to estimate the amount of local debts under different calibers and examines the impact of different types of local government debts on China’s economic growth and their regional differences. The results show that excessive accumulation of government hidden debts in the eastern region is not conducive to economic growth, while explicit debts in the central and western regions significantly contribute to local economic growth. The results of empirical analysis are basically consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model.
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Peng, Jing, Guoping Tu, Yanhong Liu, Hao Zhang, and Bibing Leng. "The integration role of governmental information disclosure platform." Kybernetes 49, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 1347–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2019-0125.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a feasible scheme for local governments to regulate corporate environmental data fraud and to discuss whether the influence of the construction of online information disclosure platform on the environmental behavior of enterprises is better than the offline spot check. Design/methodology/approach Under the background of changing environmental fees into taxes in China, this paper conducts evolutionary game analysis between local governments and enterprises in view of the existing problem of environmental data fraud. Furthermore, through the introduction of government information disclosure platform, this paper discusses the impact of the integration of direct government regulation and indirect public concern regulation on the evolution of environmental behavior of both sides. Finally, the evolutionary game is simulated by adopting system dynamics to analyses the implementation effect of different cases on the game process and game equilibrium. Findings The results showed that the introduction of information disclosure platform mechanism can effectively suppress the fluctuations existing in the game play and stabilize the game. Moreover, it is worth noting that the regulatory effect of local governments investing part of the monitoring cost in the construction of online information platform is proved to be better than that of putting all the monitoring cost into offline investigation. While optimizing the monitoring cost allocation, the local government still needs to attach great importance to organically combine the attention of the public and media with the governmental official platform. Practical implications The obtained results confirm that the proposed model can assist local government in refining the effects of their environmental regulatory decisions, especially in the case of corporate data fraud under environmental tax enforcement. Originality/value Previous literature only suggested that local governments should reduce the cost of supervision to change the corporate behavior to a better direction, but no further in-depth study. Thus, this study fills the gap by discussing the positive transformation effect of local government cost allocation scheme on corporate environmental behavior.
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Murphy, Anthony, and Flavia Ghencea. "The Legal Framework for Local Government Coordination in Romania." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, no. 5 (December 31, 2023): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.5.105-115.
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This scientific paper aims to fill the gap in intergovernmental coordination in Romania by assessing the strengths and shortcomings of the corresponding legal framework. Methodologically, it employs the doctrinal legal research of institutions involved in the vertical and horizontal coordination of local government. In essence, local government coordination occurs both within and beyond a complex framework of institutional structures dedicated to cooperation. Local councils may engage in town twinning and join national or international local government associations, while county councils and prefects exist for the very purpose of local intergovernmental coordination: local councils are coordinated by county councils in the pursuit of county-level goals, whereas prefects head the deconcentrated public administration and may foster vertical coordination with the central government. However, coordination amongst local governments may also occur by setting up or joining intercommunity development associations or administrative consortia, especially if they are unable to secure EU funds on their own. The authors argue that the complex institutional framework of the Romanian legislation both fosters and hinders coordination.
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Taylor, Johanna K. "Les artistes au cœur du gouvernement : Élargir la boîte à outils de la politique culturelle." Culture and Local Governance 8, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/clg-cgl.v8i1.6967.
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Artists have long worked in fields that are not related to art, instigating innovative ways of working in different institutional contexts from health to business to technology. Civic systems are no exception, with artists spearheading new ways of operating within government agencies. Some artists work covertly, bringing creative methods to traditional civic roles, while others are invited into government agencies in temporary positions as artists in residence addressing specific concerns. As local governments are increasingly challenged to provide services and operate equitably amid eroding public trust, opportunities for cross-sector collaboration uniting artists with government staff are compelling mechanisms for them to cocreate the necessary conditions for systemic change.
The research reported herein explores how artists are engaged in cross-sectoral collaborative models of cultural policy within local governments. Governments already recognize the potential of formal artist residency programs conducted over set periods of time to advance civic goals. In addition, artists have been engaged in this work through informal government partnerships in departments including transportation, parks, and public health. Some collaborations act as applied research enacted internally, bringing more complex understandings of government operations, while others become deep processes of external engagement to expand awareness of local concerns.
This paper presents a framework categorizing the structures in which artists work within government agencies to advance civic goals. The framework is based on research conducted on artists who were embedded in the government across the US from 2020 through 2022. Describing these structures highlights new ways of working within local government that center artists as agents that promote change; this paper lays the foundation for understanding how they operate and delineates opportunities and challenges for the artists and the governments that initiate collaboration. The framework is a foundation for cultural policy makers to evaluate artist in residence in government programs as a cultural policy tool and enable evaluation of the impact of their implementation.
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Vértesy, László. "Debt Management Strategies of Local Governments in the EU." Pro Publico Bono - Magyar Közigazgatás 8, no. 1 (2020): 146–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32575/ppb.2020.1.8.
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A considerable part of public debt originates from the budgetary practices of local governments: this amounted to nearly 850 billion euros, which was 6.7% of the EU-28’s general government gross debt in 2018. This paper briefly presents the magnitude and relevance of local government debt at a national level, then it outlines the effective debt management strategies taking a multi-level governance approach. Four debt management categories can be classified: changing the conditions, repayment strategies, additional resources and, finally, state intervention. Unfortunately, there are no good/best practices for the first two methods. For additional resources, in some Mediterranean and Scandinavian countries, state or local government-owned specialised financial institutions were established, while in other European countries, the state pays the bailout or consolidation by overtaking the unsustainable local debts. In most cases, only the direct and/or indirect state intervention methods were proven to be successful solutions.
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Fangkun, Xin. "«Double First-Class» Project Implementation: The Influence of Local Government in China." University Management: Practice and Analysis 24, no. 4 (2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umpa.2020.04.036.
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This paper discusses the influence of local governments over the realization of «Double First-Class» project in China. Based on the qualitative analysis of 36 universities’ mid-term reports, the spillover effect on local economic and social development was found to be enhancing the core competitiveness of local governments. Text analysis of eight local governments’ «Double First-Class» implementation reports showed that the way of their promoting the «Double First-Class» construction were investment and talent introduction. The local participation in the «Double First-Class» competition under the constraint of national financial resources leads to the Matthew effect of university development. Universities selected for «Double First-Class» will get more resources and develop better, while other universities will be left behind. Therefore, the central government needs to intervene the competition of local governments.
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MUNNELL, ALICIA H., JEAN-PIERRE AUBRY, and MARK CAFARELLI. "COLA cuts in state-local pensions." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 15, no. 3 (December 8, 2015): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747215000372.
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AbstractAlthough it is often assumed that public workers have greater benefit protections than their private sector counterparts covered by the Employees Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, this paper finds that state and local governments – particularly those with generous cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs), fewer benefit protections, and financial pressures on the plan and the sponsoring government – cut COLAs for current workers and, often, for retirees. In most instances, these cuts were upheld by the courts. While the pace of COLA cuts has slowed, they are likely to reappear if plans come under renewed financial pressures.
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Jung, Yong-Duck. "Public Choice Versus the Dual State: A Comparative Analysis of the Distribution of Functions between Central and Local Governments in Japan and Korea." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 17, no. 1 (August 31, 2002): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps17102.
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This paper analyzes and compares the distribution of the state functions between the central and local governments of Japan and Korea in the 1980s and the 1990s. The public choice and the dual state models are applied. The former explains the functional allocation between different tiers of government in terms of the self-interested behavior of related rational actors, while the latter explains it in terms of the structural solving of the different and contradictory roles of the modern capitalist states. The Japanese data prove the relevance of the public choice model: e.e., the expenditure for allocational policy was conducted mainly by local governments, while redistributive policy was conducted by the central government. The Korean data show the opposite case, which does not fit into the propositions of the public choice model. Instead, the Korean data proves the relevance of the dual state model: i.e., the expenditure for social consumption was conducted mainly by second-tier local government, while those for social expenses and social investment were conducted mainly by the central and first-tier local governments. The Japanese case did not support the dual state thesis: i.e., more than 60% of Japan's social consumption spending was conducted by the central government. The differences between Japan and Korea can be explained by the different paths of institutionalization of local autonomy in the two countries.
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Jiang, Yanyan, Lichi Zhang, and Junmin Wu. "Evolutionary Game Study of Waste Separation Policy in the Context of the “Double Carbon” Target." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 8320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108320.
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Research on waste separation promotion policies is of great theoretical and practical significance for the universal implementation of the domestic waste separation system. This paper constructs a non-cooperative tripartite evolutionary game model that includes central command, local deployment, and enterprise performance. An evolutionary game approach was used to analyze the strategic choices of the central government, local government, and separation enterprises in waste separation promotion, and this study investigated the factors influencing the evolution of these choices using numerical simulations. The findings indicated the following: central government, local governments, and separation enterprises are affected differently by their respective willingness to participate; the behavior of separation enterprises is less influenced by the central government’s and local governments’ willingness to participate and is primarily influenced by market factors, whereas local government is more influenced by the central government’s willingness to participate; and local government and classification enterprises are affected differently by their respective willingness to participate. While separation firms are more susceptible to the cost-sharing, income, and revenue distribution coefficient, local governments are more responsive to policy support. The promotion of waste separation in China requires strengthened centralized waste management to avoid the failure of local waste separation, broadening of the scope of central funding incentives and establishing local separation compensation mechanisms, clarifying local waste separation performance responsibilities and new waste tax collection standards, supporting separation enterprises’ technological innovation and guiding public participation in waste separation, creating an environment for waste separation, and deepening the study of waste separation accordingly.
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Kelly, Andrew H., Jasper Brown, and Aaron Strickland. "Local government and coastal damage: confusion, potential and dreams." Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-10-2018-0032.
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Purpose This paper aims to not only disentangle the recently altered law and policy on coastal management in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, but also raise opportunities for fresh ideas to develop when dealing with both existing and future coastal damage. The focus is on the role of local government which is not only closer to concerned citizens but also faces costal damage on its own doorstep. Design/methodology/approach The paper explores the topic from the beginnings of relevant statutory law to the current situation, supported by a case study. It is transdisciplinary in nature, encompassing land use and coastal legislation. Findings The narrative encourages further attention to the key issues at the local level. This is underpinned by the need for planners to move beyond zoning and other restrictive mechanisms to more strategic approaches. All levels of government must recognise that regulatory planning on its own is insufficient. This leads to the need for champions to consider opportunities beyond the ordinary. Originality/value While this paper will add to a growing literature on coastal damage and action at the local level, its emphasis on the benefits and limitations of the changing statutory system will assist not only policy makers but professional officers at the local forefront.
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Lyons, Joseph. "Local Government Structure and the Co-ordination of Economic Development Policy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, no. 1 (March 2015): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423915000220.
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AbstractThis paper explores how local government structure affects policy co-ordination. It compares the delivery of economic development services in two Ontario cities. In London, a specialized agency is the lead, but lacks full functional control, while in Hamilton policy control is consolidated in a single municipal department. The findings support the hypothesis of those who argue in favour of general-purpose governments, as the municipal hierarchy in Hamilton was instrumental in achieving policy co-ordination. Proponents of specialization argue that it limits the need for co-ordination between governments but, as the London case demonstrates, this logic breaks down when there are too many players with too few responsibilities.
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Sinclair, Helen, Emma E. H. Doyle, David M. Johnston, and Douglas Paton. "Decision‐making training in local government emergency management." International Journal of Emergency Services 1, no. 2 (October 19, 2012): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20470891211275939.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute information and recommendations that could better equip emergency managers to prepare for and respond to emergencies and disasters, with a focus on improving their decision‐making capabilities during response.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire‐based survey approach was used in this research and 48 different local government organisations participated. These results were examined in conjunction with contemporary emergency management decision‐making literature. A combination of closed and open ended questions was used, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis.FindingsResults suggest that while there is information available about decision making, not all emergency managers are aware of the existence of this information or understand its relevance to emergency management. It is likely that those who did have a comprehensive understanding of decision making had gained this knowledge through non‐emergency management‐related courses. In total, 71 percent of participants said they would be interested in receiving more support regarding training and practice for decision making in Emergency Operations Centres.Originality/valueA wide body of research has investigated decision‐making styles. However, this paper shows that in the local government emergency management sector there is little awareness of the understanding of the different decision‐making approaches. In addition, for those organisations surveyed, there is a great desire for further training and practice in decision making. It is thus vital that this need is addressed, to further improve the future response of these organisations to emergencies.
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G.I., Sheriff, Farouk I.B., and Aliyu I.B. "Challenges of Democracy in Nigerian Local Government System: A Critical Analysis." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-bjxq8p44.
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After two decades of the return to civil rule, the not too impressive scorecard of Nigerian democracy has raised concerns and questions demanding answers as to why the country is still struggling with the delivery of democratic governance and dividends such as; social welfare, justice, even-federal development as well as equal access to national resources. The paper inspects carefully, those factors that have and are hindering the success of democracy and democratic governance in Nigeria especially at the local government level. In doing this, related literatures were reviewed while the Structural Functionalist theory is adopted as the theoretical model or frame work and the collection of data was carried out through the secondary source. The study reveals that democracy in Nigeria especially at the local government level has not done up to its expectation due largely to corruption, partisan politics, upper governmental interference, lack of local government autonomy, among others. It therefore recommends that among other things, the local governments should be granted it constitutional autonomy in powers and functions, the fight against corruption should be stretched to the local government areas while Local government officials are made accountable to the local residence and that the leaders should be more ethical in their political pursue
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Xie, Yue. "Rising Central Spending on Public Security and the Dilemma Facing Grassroots Officials in China." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42, no. 2 (June 2013): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261304200204.
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In response to worsening social instability in China, among grassroots communities in the poorer central and western provinces in particular, the Chinese central government has made budgetary arrangements, since 2003, to increase investment at the grassroots level to improve the capacity of local governments to maintain social order. However, this action by central government has created a dilemma for local cadres: how to perform their duty to maintain social stability while also balancing a heavy fiscal burden caused in part by the receipt of insufficient additional budgetary subsidies from higher government. This paper is an account of and an analysis of how local cadres in China perform their official duties when faced with this dilemma.
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Chumairoh, Dede, Andi, and Mukhtar. "Effect of Local Tax, Local Retribution, Restricted local assets Management, and General Allocation Funds on Regency and Municipal Capital Expenditures in Banten Province." Management Science Research Journal 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56548/msr.v1i2.17.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the effect of Local Tax, Local Retribution Restricted local assets Management, and general allocation of funds on regencies and municipal capital expenditures in the province of Banten for the 2015-2019 period. The research sample is the district and city governments in Banten Province, totaling 8 districts and cities consisting of 4 districts and 4 cities in the 2015-2019 Local Budget Revenue Realization Report (LRAPBD) of the Banten provincial government. Through the purposive sampling technique, the results show that the variables of local taxes and retribution have an effect on capital expenditures, while the variables of separate local wealth management and general location funds have no effect
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Orton, Michael. "Council Tax: who benefits?" Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 10, no. 2 (June 2002): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/csxg7635.
Full textAbstract:
This article takes as its starting point the local government White Paper of December 2001 in which the government expressed its willingness to listen to views about Council Tax. The role of Council Tax Benefit is considered, but is located within the context of the underlying structure of the Council Tax scheme. It is argued that the principal issue that should be debated is the extent to which Council Tax itself favours the rich over the poor.