Journal articles: 'White phosphorus'

1

Al Barqouni, Loai Nabil, Sobhi I. Skaik, Nafiz R. Abu Shaban, and Nabil Barqouni. "White phosphorus burn." Lancet 376, no. 9734 (July 2010): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60812-4.

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Mindubaev, Anton, Edward Babynin, Salima Minzanova, Elena Badeeva, and Yaw Akosah. "White phosphorus genotoxicity." BIO Web of Conferences 31 (2021): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213100018.

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The genotoxicity of white phosphorus was previously evaluated using the Ames test, which demonstrated the absence of toxicity. However, with all the advantages of this method, the use of the Ames test has some shortfallsin assessing genotoxicity. For this purpose, a series of supplementary tests wereconducted, including the SOS-lux test for DNA damaging activity. In the present work,the SOS-lux test confirmed the genotoxicity of white phosphorus. Based on a review of the literature, our results denote a first report on the genotoxic properties of white phosphorus. Allium test showed the mitotoxic effect of white phosphorus on eukaryotic cells.

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3

Keiter, Richard L., Chaminda P. Gamage, and Paul E. Smith. "Combustion of white phosphorus." Journal of Chemical Education 78, no. 7 (July 2001): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed078p908.

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4

Conner, Johnathan C., and Vikhyat S. Bebarta. "White Phosphorus Dermal Burns." New England Journal of Medicine 357, no. 15 (October 11, 2007): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm061897.

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5

Tang, An, Tao Ma, Liduo Gu, Yongtao Zhao, Junhui Zhang, Haoming Zhang, Fengxiang Shao, and Hongsong Zhang. "Luminescence properties of novel red-emitting phosphor InNb1-xPxO4:Eu3+ for white light emitting-diodes." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0050.

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AbstractInNb1-xPxO4:Eu3+ red phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction and their luminescence properties were also studied through photoluminescence spectra. The excitation and emission spectra make it clear that the as-prepared phosphors can be effectively excited by near-ultraviolet (UV) 394 nm light and blue 466 nm light to emit strong red light located at 612 nm, due to the Eu3+ transition of 5D0 → 7F2. The luminescence intensity is dependent on phosphorus content, and it achieves the maximum at x = 0.4. Excessive phosphorus in the phosphors can result in reduction of luminescence intensity owing to concentration quenching.With the increasing content of phosphorus, the phosphors are prone to emit pure red light. This shows that the InNb1.6P0.4O4:0.04Eu3+ phosphor may be a potential candidate as a red component for white light emitting-diodes.

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6

Abdreimova, R. R., F. Kh Faizova, D. N. Akbayeva, G. S. Polimbetova, S. M. Aibasova, A. K. Borangazieva, and M. B. Aliev. "Catalytic Synthesis of the Esters of Phosphorus Acids from White Phosphorus and Aliphatic or Aromatic Alcohols." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj520.

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The various esters of the phosphoric and phosphorous acids have been obtained directly from white phosphorus and aliphatic (or aromatic) alcohols under aerobic atmosphere in the presence of the CuX2 or FeX3 (X = Cl, NO3, C3H7CO2) salts. Irrespective of the variable nature of the used alcohols and catalysts, trialkyl(aryl) phosphates and dialkyl phosphites are a major products, whereas trialkyl(aryl) phosphites and dialkyl phosphates are a minor products of the phosphorylation process. Thanks to the presence of catalysts, the possible side reaction route of the radical chain oxidation of white phosphorus by oxygen to phosphorus oxides has been precluded. A comparison between the catalytic properties of CuX2 and FeX3 has been done. Although both of them have been found an efficient catalysts for the syntheses, the Cu(II) salts are active at 50-65 °C, whereas the Fe(III) based catalytic systems become competitive in terms of catalytic efficiency when reaction is carried out at 70-90 °C. Aromatic alcohols are characterised by less reactivity in this catalytic reaction as compared with an aliphatic ones. The same coordinative redox mechanism of the oxidative P-O coupling of P4 to ROH in the presence of both Cu(II) and Fe(III) catalysts has been proposed. Relevant steps of the catalytic cycle including the complexation of both white phosphorus and alcohol molecules to metal ion, the reduction of catalyst by white phosphorus, and the oxidation of reduced form of catalyst by oxygen have been also considered.

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7

Mindubaev, A. Z., A. D. Voloshina, E. V. Babynin, E. K. Badeeva, K. R. Khayarov, S. T. Minzanova, and D. G. Yakhvarov. "Microbiological Degradation of White Phosphorus." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-1-33-37.

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8

Mindubaev, A. Z., E. V. Babynin, E. K. Badeeva, S. T. Minzanova, L. G. Mironova, A. D. Voloshina, D. B. Piskunov, and A. N. Makhiyanov. "Genotoxic effect of white phosphorus." Biomics 10, no. 4 (2019): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2018-44.

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9

Geeson, Michael B., and Christopher C. Cummins. "Let’s Make White Phosphorus Obsolete." ACS Central Science 6, no. 6 (May 18, 2020): 848–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00332.

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10

Yakhvarov, Dmitry, Maurizio Peruzzini, Maria Caporali, Luca Gonsalvi, Stefano Midollini, Annabella Orlandini, Yulia Ganushevich, and Oleg Sinyashin. "Bimetallic Activation of White Phosphorus." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 183, no. 2-3 (January 14, 2008): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500701761516.

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11

Budnikova, Y. H., Y. M. Kargin, and O. G. Sinyashin. "Electrochemical Functionalization of White Phosphorus." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 144, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509908546307.

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12

Osadchenko, I. M., and A. P. Tomilov. "Oscillopolarographic reduction of white phosphorus." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 79, no. 12 (December 2006): 2033–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427206120263.

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13

Yakhvarov, D. G., E. V. Gorbachuk, R. M. Kagirov, and O. G. Sinyashin. "Electrochemical reactions of white phosphorus." Russian Chemical Bulletin 61, no. 7 (July 2012): 1300–1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-012-0176-5.

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14

Abdreimova, R. R., F. Kh Faizova, and A. A. Karimova. "Copper (II) Catalyzed Oxidative Alkoxylation of White Phosphorus. Communication 2." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 12, no. 3,4 (May 19, 2010): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj54.

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White phosphorus has been catalytically oxidized by oxygen in alcoholic solutions of copper (II) acetylacetonate, halides or carboxylates to yield dialkyl phosphites and trialkyl phosphates under mild reaction conditions. Trialkyl phosphite has been observed as unstable organophosphorus intermediate, which is being converted into the main reaction products. In the case of methanolic solutions, the derivatives of two step acidolysis of dimethyl phosphite, monomethyl phosphite and phosphorous acid, have been additionally detected among the reaction products. The influence of the copper (II) catalysts on the kinetics of accumulation and transmutation of organophosphorus products has been explored. It has been found that the Cu(II) compounds take a role of catalysts-electron-carriers from white phosphorus to oxygen. The indispensable molar ratio between catalyst and white phosphorus and the order of catalytic activity for the copper (II) compounds have been established. The major steps of the catalytic reaction including (i) the coordination of white phosphorus and alcohol to metal ion, (ii) the redox decomposition of this intermediate complex accompanied by reducing elimination of elementary copper and formation of organophosphorus product and (iii) the oxidation of the reduced form of catalyst by oxygen have been also suggested.

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15

Lu, Hao-Ying, and Meng-Han Tsai. "The High-Temperature Synthesis of the Nanoscaled White-Light Phosphors Applied in the White-Light LEDs." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/976106.

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The white-light phosphors consisting of Dy3+doped YPO4and Dy3+doped YP1-XVXO4were prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method. After the 1200°C thermal treatment in the air atmosphere, the white-light phosphors with particle sizes around 90 nm can be obtained. In order to reduce the average particle size of phosphors, the alkaline washing method was applied to the original synthesis process, which reduces the particle sizes to 65 nm. From the PLE spectra, four absorption peaks locating at 325, 352, 366, and 390 nm can be observed in the YPO4-based phosphors. These peaks appear due to the following electron transitions:6H15/2→4K15/2,6H15/2→4M15/2+6P7/2,6H15/2→4I11/2, and6H15/2→4M19/2. Besides, the emission peaks of wavelengths 484 nm and 576 nm can be observed in the PL spectra. In order to obtain the white-light phosphors, the vanadium ions were applied to substitute the phosphorus ions to compose the YP1-XVXO4phosphors. From the PL spectra, the strongest PL intensity can be obtained with 30% vanadium ions. As the concentration of vanadium ions increases to 40%, the phosphors with the CIE coordinates locating at the white-light area can be obtained.

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16

Abdreimova, R. R., F. Kh Faizova, and A. A. Karimova. "Copper (II) Mediated Oxidative Alkoxylation of White Phosphorus. Communication 1." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 12, no. 3,4 (May 19, 2010): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj53.

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White phosphorus has been oxidized by copper (II) acetylacetonate, halides or carboxylates in aliphatic alcohols to yield dialkyl phosphates and trialkyl phosphates under inert atmosphere and mild reaction conditions. Trialkyl phosphite has been observed as unstable organophosphorus intermediate, which is being converted into the main reaction products. In the case of methanolic solutions, the derivatives of two step acidolysis of dimethyl phosphite, monomethyl phosphite and phosphorous acid, have been additionally detected among the reaction products. The influence of the copper (II) oxidants on the kinetics of accumulation and transmutation of organophosphorus products has been explored. The order of oxidative ability of the copper (II) compounds has been established. The major steps of the reaction including (i) the coordination of white phosphorus and alcohol to metal ion and (ii) the redox decomposition of this intermediate complex accompanied by reducing elimination of elementary copper and formation of organophosphorus product have been also suggested.

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17

Kabachnik, M. I., D. I. Lobanov, N. V. Matrosova, P. V. Petrovskii, and A. N. Nesmeyanov. "Synthesis of Hexa- and Pentacoordinated Phosphorus Compounds from White Phosphorus." Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements 30, no. 3-4 (April 1987): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086648708079271.

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18

Berndtson, Allison E., Alice Fagin, Soman Sen, David G. Greenhalgh, and Tina L. Palmieri. "White Phosphorus Burns and Arsenic Inhalation." Journal of Burn Care & Research 35, no. 2 (2014): e128-e131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bcr.0b013e31828c73dd.

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19

Chou, Trong-Duo, Tz-Win Lee, Shao-Liang Chen, Yeou-Ming Tung, Nai-Tz Dai, Shyi-Gen Chen, Chiu-Hong Lee, Tim-Mo Chen, and Hsian-Jenn Wang. "The management of white phosphorus burns." Burns 27, no. 5 (August 2001): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(01)00003-1.

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20

Davis, Kurt G. "Acute Management of White Phosphorus Burn." Military Medicine 167, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/167.1.83.

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21

Arrowsmith, Merle, Michael S. Hill, Andrew L. Johnson, Gabriele Kociok-Köhn, and Mary F. Mahon. "Attenuated Organomagnesium Activation of White Phosphorus." Angewandte Chemie 127, no. 27 (May 26, 2015): 7993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201503065.

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22

Simon, Arndt, Horst Borrmann, and Jörg Horakh. "On the Polymorphism of White Phosphorus." Chemische Berichte 130, no. 9 (September 1997): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19971300911.

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23

SIMON, A., H. BORRMANN, and J. HORAKH. "ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism of White Phosphorus." ChemInform 28, no. 46 (August 3, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199746002.

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24

Arrowsmith, Merle, Michael S. Hill, Andrew L. Johnson, Gabriele Kociok-Köhn, and Mary F. Mahon. "Attenuated Organomagnesium Activation of White Phosphorus." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, no. 27 (May 27, 2015): 7882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201503065.

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25

Saracoglu, Kemal T., Ahmet H. Acar, Tamer Kuzucuoglu, and Sezer Yakupoglu. "Delayed diagnosis of white phosphorus burn." Burns 39, no. 4 (June 2013): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2012.09.024.

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26

Mindubaev, Anton Z., Elena K. Badeeva, Salima T. Minzanova, Lubov G. Mironova, Ilias S. Nizamov, Nadezhda R. Khasiyatullina, Ludmila M. Pirut, Ekaterina E. Barskaya, Edward V. Babynin, and Yaw Abayie Akosah. "Biodegradation of a phosphorus compounds by the culture of black aspergill." Butlerov Communications 60, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-1.

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The biological degradation of white phosphorus, which is being studied by our team is without a doubt a phenomenon of scientific novelty and practical significance. In a decade of studying this phenomenon, we have achieved significant results. However, the field of application of white and yellow phosphorus is rather a narrow one, and this imposes a limitation on the applicability of our method for the neutralization of industrial wastes. Accordingly, an interesting and important path of focus is to expand the spectrum of substances neutralized by the microbial cultures studied by our team. It is thus logical to commence such a major study with phosphorus compounds, since fungal cultures were adapted for the biodegradation of substances containing this element. In this regard, it should be pointed out that, white phosphorus cannot be metabolized to phosphate in one stage; metabolites are formed with intermediate oxidation states of phosphorus. Therefore, it can be assumed that microorganisms that neutralize white phosphorus should be capable of biodegradation of a whole spectrum of phosphorus compounds. We tested this hypothesis experimentally. It was uncovered that Aspergillus niger AM1 posseses the ability to use red phosphorus, triamide of phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, substituted dithiophosphate and organophosphorus matter as sources of phosphorus. In addition, in the present work, we describe attempts made to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1%. To do this, we added olive oil (a solvent in which white phosphorus is relatively soluble) to the culture medium. It turned out that in the presence of this component, the minimum inhibitory concentration of white phosphorus drops abruptly.

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27

Golden, Melissa L., Eric C. Person, Miriam Bejar, Donnie R. Golden, and Jonathan M. Powell. "Phosphorus Flamethrower: A Demonstration Using Red and White Allotropes of Phosphorus." Journal of Chemical Education 87, no. 11 (November 2010): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed1002652.

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28

Mindubaev, Anton Z., Elena K. Badeeva, Salima T. Minzanova, Lubov’ G. Mironova, Edward V. Babynin, Ilias S. Nizamov, Khasan R. Khayarov, and Akosah Yaw Abayie. "Metabolism of phosphorus compoundsand taxonomic position of the Aspergillus niger AM1 mold." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 98–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-98.

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White phosphorus is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. However, it is used in industry and for military purposes; therefore, it is impossible to overlook the fact that this substance is constantly released into the environment. In our works, cultures of microorganisms growing in media with a content of white phosphorus up to 1% were obtained for the first time. This exceeds the TLV in wastewater by 5000 times! These cultures are unique, and they are only in our possession. For the first time, cultures were grown in media containing white phosphorus as the sole source of phosphorus. In these environments, microorganisms grew without experiencing phosphorus starvation. That is, they oxidized white phosphorus to phosphate, which is necessary for vital activity! This is first ever example of the inclusion of white phosphorus in the biospheric circulation of the phosphorus element. It turned out that microorganisms that neutralize elemental phosphorus are able to biodegrade most of the spectrum of phosphorus compounds. Our studies of the metabolism of phosphorus-containing compounds of various classes confirm this. Since the chemistry of phosphorus is diverse, it is necessary to collect significant material on the metabolism of many classes of compounds. In this article, we describe the continuation of this work. It turned out that Aspergillus niger AM1 is able to utilize dithiophosphate of the simplest structure as sources of phosphorus, but is not able to utilize substituted dithiophosphonate. In addition, in the present work, we clarified the previously obtained results on the metabolism of phosphoric acid ester and phosphoramide.The NMR method demonstrated that A. niger AM1 slowly metabolizes hypophosphite resulting from the biodegradation of white phosphorus, but does not metabolize phosphite. The NMR data conforms to fungal growth dynamics with these substances in media. Also, was first studied phylogenetic relationship of A. niger AM1 with biodegradable A. niger and A. bombycis strains from the NCBI database.

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29

Mindubaev, Anton Z., Edward V. Babynin, Elena K. Badeeva, Dmitriy B. Piskunov, Ayrat N. Makhiyanov, SalimaT Minzanova, Lyubov’ G. Mironova, and Alexandra D. Voloshina. "Genotoxicity and cytogenetic effects of white phosphorus." PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 9, no. 1 (2019): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-1-81-94.

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30

Huangfu, Xinlei, Yue Zhang, Peiyun Chen, Guozhang Lu, Yinwei Cao, Guo Tang, and Yufen Zhao. "Synthesis of mixed phosphorotrithioates from white phosphorus." Green Chemistry 22, no. 23 (2020): 8353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc02985h.

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31

Schoeller, Wolfgang W. "Autocatalytic degradation of white phosphorus with silylenes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 11, no. 26 (2009): 5273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b818396a.

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32

Malysheva, Svetlana, Boris Sukhov, Nina Gusarova, Svetlana Shaikhudinova, Tat'yana Kazantseva, Natal'ya Belogorlova, Vladimir Kuimov, and Boris Trofimov. "Phosphorylation of Allyl Halides with White Phosphorus." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 178, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500307917.

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33

Eldad, A., M. Chaout, and M. Wysoki. "88 Primary Treatment for White Phosphorus Burns." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, S3 (September 1993): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00047762.

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34

Budnikova, Yulia H., Dmitry G. Yakhvarov, and Oleg G. Sinyashin. "Electrocatalytic eco-efficient functionalization of white phosphorus." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 690, no. 10 (May 2005): 2416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.11.008.

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35

Arnold, Thomas, Holger Braunschweig, J. Oscar C. Jimenez-Halla, Krzysztof Radacki, and Sakya S. Sen. "Simultaneous Fragmentation and Activation of White Phosphorus." Chemistry - A European Journal 19, no. 28 (May 27, 2013): 9114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201300895.

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36

Vann, Stephanie L., Donald W. S. Parling, and Mary Ann Ottinger. "Effects of white phosphorus on mallard reproduction." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 10 (October 2000): 2525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191019.

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37

Tarasova, N. P., V. G. Tsirel’son, M. V. Vener, Yu V. Smetannikov, A. A. Rykunov, and A. S. Vilesov. "Formation of nanoaggregates in white phosphorus solutions." Doklady Chemistry 429, no. 1 (November 2009): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012500809110032.

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38

Di Vaira, Massimo, Maurizio Peruzzini, and Piero Stoppioni. "d6 metal systems for white phosphorus activation." Comptes Rendus Chimie 13, no. 8-9 (August 2010): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2010.07.004.

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39

Yakhvarov, D. G., E. V. Gorbachuk, R. M. Kagirov, and O. G. Sinyashin. "ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Reactions of White Phosphorus." ChemInform 44, no. 40 (September 12, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201340224.

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40

Scott, Daniel J., Jose Cammarata, Maximilian Schimpf, and Robert Wolf. "Synthesis of monophosphines directly from white phosphorus." Nature Chemistry 13, no. 5 (April 5, 2021): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00657-7.

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41

Gafurov, Zufar N., Alexey A. Kagilev, Artyom O. Kantyukov, Oleg G. Sinyashin, and Dmitry G. Yakhvarov. "Hydrogenation reaction pathways in chemistry of white phosphorus." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1007.

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Abstract Approaches for preparation of P–H bond containing derivatives directly from white phosphorus are summarized in this microreview. Transfer hydrogenation of P4 involving the activation and reaction of white phosphorus in the coordination sphere of transition metal complexes is a convenient and powerful route to the hydrogenated compounds. Electrochemical methods have also become popular in modern synthetic chemistry; these provide easy access to highly reactive intermediates, which can be selectively generated in situ and used for subsequent synthetic processes. These electrochemical routes provide efficient and environmentally safe methods for preparation of phosphorus derivatives bearing P–H bond. The mechanisms of the proposed processes and the nature of the intermediates formed in the overall electrochemical process are disclosed. The methods elaborated operate under the principals of “green chemistry” and can be considered as efficient alternatives to some classical pathways.

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42

Jung, Joon-Oh. "FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE RECOVERY AND REMOVAL OF WHITE PHOSPHORUS FROM PHOSPHORUS SLUDGE." Environmental Engineering Research 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2005): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2005.10.1.038.

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43

Mindubaev, A. Z., A. D. Voloshina, N. V. Kulik, K. A. Saparmyradov, S. T. Minzanova, L. G. Mironova, and Kh R. Khayarov. "Resistance to white phosphorus of fungi and streptomycetes." Biomics 10, no. 2 (2018): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2018-31.

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44

Smith, D. S. "Phosphorus Analysis in Wastewater: Best Practices White Paper." Water Intelligence Online 15 (March 1, 2016): 9781780407807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780407807.

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45

Formanuik, Alasdair, Fabrizio Ortu, Reece Beekmeyer, Andrew Kerridge, Ralph W. Adams, and David P. Mills. "White phosphorus activation by a Th(iii) complex." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 6 (2016): 2390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04528b.

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Lappert's original Th(iii) complex, [Th{C₅H₃(SiMe₃)₂-1,3}₃], reduces white phosphorus to give a cyclo-P₄ dianion, which exhibits an unprecedented μ–η¹:η¹-binding mode in the dinuclear Th(iv) product.

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46

Caradus, J. R., and R. W. Snaydon. "Response to phosphorus of populations of white clover." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, no. 2 (April 1986): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1986.10426968.

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47

Caradus, J. R., and R. W. Snaydon. "Response to phosphorus of populations of white clover." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, no. 2 (April 1986): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1986.10426969.

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48

Caradus, J. R., and R. W. Snaydon. "Response to phosphorus of populations of white clover." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, no. 2 (April 1986): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1986.10426970.

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49

Hart, A. L. "Nodule phosphorus and nodule activity in white clover." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 32, no. 2 (April 1989): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1989.10423448.

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50

Hart, A. L. "Distribution of phosphorus in nodulated white clover plants." Journal of Plant Nutrition 12, no. 2 (February 1989): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904168909363943.

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Journal articles on the topic 'White phosphorus'

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