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Basu, Sandip. "Corporate venture capital : towards understanding who does it, why and how /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8828.
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Bates, Elisabeth. "Honour-based abuse in England and Wales : who does what to whom?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723493.
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Anderzén, Domingues Isabel, and Pernilla Nöjd. "Volunteer Tourism : Who does it benefit?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24190.
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Although altruism is known to be a typical volunteer-trait, our respondents were motivated more or less by self-interest as well, adding to the discussion regarding whether altruism or self-interest is the main motivator for volunteer tourists. Second, the outcome of the volunteer experience is not necessarily as dependent on the motives as it is on what the volunteer makes of it. Something we believe needs further research in literature concerning volunteer tourists. Third, the rewards mainly derived from the free time and the relationships developed between volunteers, and the costs mainly from the projects due to social distance. However, the rewards were generally perceived as greater than the costs considering the total experience, implying that the free time during volunteer experiences is of greater importance than what can be understood from current literature. Forth, the low level of commitment among volunteers leads us to question if it should be considered as a form of pro-poor tourism. Fifth, communication is of great importance in order to achieve cultural interaction, a vital component of volunteer tourism and finally, we found that volunteer tourism can indeed be beneficial, as long as organizations focus on the “right kind” of projects.
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Nassr, Jody Lynn Carleton University Dissertation Journalism and Communication. "The Myth of GII: who does it benefit?" Ottawa, 1997.
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Shneerson, Catherine L. "Self-management strategies of cancer survivors : who does what and why? : a mixed methods study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5715/.
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This thesis examined self-management (SM) strategies of cancer survivors from pre-diagnosis, through treatment and into survivorship. A healthcare definition of SM as a lifestyle modifying behaviour potentially impacting on cancer survivors’ health, wellbeing and quality of life (QoL) was given. Due to a lack of existing literature, a systematic review and meta-analyses investigating whether complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) improves cancer survivors’ QoL was undertaken, finding moderate to poor quality evidence of this. A mixed methods study explored SM patterns over time. The questionnaire study examined the prevalence and distribution of SM patterns, finding SM uptake was highest in survivorship. Subgroup analyses found SM uptake was highest in breast cancer and chemotherapy respondents, whilst correlation analysis revealed significant associations between SM uptake and both QoL and internal health locus of control (HLC), but none between SM uptake and work ability. The interview study explored how and why cancer survivors made decisions about incorporating SM practices into their daily lives. The concept of normality in survivorship emerged, with cancer survivors assembling a new health-related normality to adapt to their new lives post-cancer. A theoretical framework proposed that cancer survivors use SM as a supportive mechanism to attain their new health-related normality.
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Nassr, Jody Lynn. "The myth of the GII, who does it benefit?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22096.pdf.
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Reno, Amy. "Professional development and elementary teachers Who takes it? Does it work? /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4138.
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PORTELA, GUSTAVO CRESPO RIBEIRO. "THE VISION OF WHO DOES: TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE TELEVISION INDUSTRY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30618@1.
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A inovação é hoje um tema altamente valorizado, tanto no mundo acadêmico, quanto na vida corporativa. Em uma indústria tão vinculada ao desenvolvimento tecnológico, e sujeita a tantas transformações, como é a de televisão, estudar este tema torna-se ainda mais relevante. Neste trabalho buscamos traçar um breve panorama da história da inovação, e principalmente a relação do desenvolvimento tecnológico com a indústria da televisão. A partir destas referências, foi elaborado um estudo de caso - realizado junto à área de inovação tecnológica da TV Globo.Innovation is today a highly valued subject both in the academic world and in corporate life. In an industry so linked to technological development and subject to so many transformations, such as television, studying this subject becomes even more relevant. In this work we seek to give a brief overview of the innovation history and especially the relationship of technological development with the television industry. Based on these references, a case of study was developed - in the technological innovation department of TV Globo - where it was sought to understand the perceptions and opinions of the workers who deal directly with the subject in four main dimensions: conceptual, Day to day, innovation in the company and innovation in the market. The main results of the research point to the alignment of the observations with the reference literature on the subject and generated propositions that may serve both for future research and for improvements in the existing processes in the company analyzed.
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Webber, Jason J. "Indiana Criminal Code 9-30-2-2 who does it protect? /." [Muncie, Ind.] : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/375.
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Licht, Ronald Herbert. "What does science mean to students who are oriented to non-science careers?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ49636.pdf.
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Evans, James A. "Who responds and how long does it take : assigning fire station areas of responsibility /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA380333.
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PINHO, FABIANA DE. "WHO DOES THE LAPA LIVE IS US: IMAGINARY AND GENTRIFICATION OF THE FOUR LETTERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29528@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A dissertação Quem faz a Lapa viver é nós: imaginário e gentrificação do bairro das quatro letras pretende abordar a construção imaginária do bairro da Lapa, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no intuito de compreender qual o papel do imaginário nos processos de gentrificação deste bairro e como este, o imaginário, sobrevive em expressões discursivas na atualidade. Para atingir os objetivos deste trabalho, na perspectiva de que os imaginários urbanos existem a partir de construções coletivas, optou-se por analisar algumas expressões discursivas, como obras literárias - os livros Lapa, de Oswaldo Martins; Lapa e Noturno da Lapa, de Luís Martins; Lábios que beijei, de Agnaldo Silva -; as antologias de Gasparino Da Mata e de Isabel Lustosa; algumas canções; algumas produções cinematográficas, como o documentário L.A.P.A, de Cavi Borges e Emílio Domingos, o filme Madame Satã, de Karim Ainouz e entrevistas com o músico Pedro Miranda, ex-integrante do Grupo Semente, e com o jornalista Bruno Maia.
The dissertation Who does the Lapa live is us: imaginary and gentrification of the four letters district intends to address the imaginary construction of the Lapa neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in order to understand what the imaginary role in gentrification processes and this neighborhood like this, the imaginary, survives in discursive expressions today. To achieve the objectives of this work, in view of the urban imaginary exist from collective constructions, we chose to examine some discursive expressions, as literary works - the Lapa books, Oswaldo Martins; Lapa Lapa and Night, Luis Martins; Lips that kissed, Agnaldo Silva - the anthologies Gasparino Da Mata and Isabel Lustosa; some songs; some film productions as LAPA documentary, Cavi Borges and Emilio Domingos, the film Madame Satan, Karim Ainouz, and interviews with the musician Pedro Miranda, former member of the Seed Group, and the journalist Bruno Maia.
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Zucchelli, Micaela Maria <1986>. "Does intentionality decision-making depend on who you are? The role of individual differences." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8410/1/Zucchelli_Micaela%20Maria_tesi_.pdf.
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Intentionality attribution is a critical ability in everyday life, necessary for attributing meaning to others’ actions. Any impairment in its ascription has been shown to produce significant difficulties in the handling of one’s social life. Recent evidence has indicated that healthy individuals may exhibit systematic bias in their assessment of other people’s intentions: when presented with the negative side effect of an action, the majority of people tend to judge it as intentionally performed, as opposed to a positive side effect (Knobe Effect).Recent research has considered the role of the individual characteristics of the person who judges in order to explain this effect.
The experiments included in this dissertation aim to explore the role of certain individual differences strongly associated with intentionality attribution. Specifically, Study 1 revealed that individual production of downward counterfactuals decreases intentionality attributions, whereas upward ones increase them. Study 2 explored the role of individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM) ability, finding that higher ToM allows individuals to focus on information about the intentions of the agent, reducing attention towards side effects and thus the Knobe Effect. Study 3 confirmed this result, showing that individuals with autistic personality traits tend to over-attribute intentionality to the side effects, due to their reduced attention to intentions. Finally, Study 4 explored the influence of individual ability in processing emotions, by testing individuals with alexithymic personality traits who, conversely, are less influenced by the side effect information and reduce the intentionality attributed to them.
In summary, according to their individual characteristics, people focus their attention on different elements (e.g.intentions-side effects) while analyzing social situations, which are consequently perceived in different ways. Future conceptual models of intentionality should take into greater account the influence of individual differences in determining which elements people focus on when ascribing meaning to others’ actions.
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Rubas, Debra Joyce. "Technology adoption: who is likely to adopt and how does the timing affect the benefits?" Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1252.
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Many fields of economics point to technology as the primary vehicle for change. Agencies pushing change often promote technology adoption to achieve their goals. To improve our understanding of how efforts to push new technologies should be focused, two studies are undertaken. The first study defines and tests for universality using meta-regression analysis on 170 analyses of agricultural production technologies. The second study, a case study on an emerging information technology - climate forecasts, examines how the timing of adoption affects the benefits.
A factor exhibiting a systematic positive or negative effect on technology adoption is a universal factor. If the impact is the same regardless of location or technology type, the factor is strongly universal. The factor is weakly universal if the impact varies by location or technology type. Education and farm size are found to be weakly positive universal, age is found to be weakly negative universal, and outreach is not found to be a universal factor in the adoption of technology. These results indicate that technology-promoters may want to change their approach and focus on younger, more educated producers with larger farms.
In the second study, an international wheat trade model incorporating climate variability is used to simulate different scenarios when wheat producers in the U.S., Canada, and Australia adopt ENSO-based forecasts for use in production decisions. Adoption timing and levels are varied across countries in the different scenarios. The results are highly consistent. Early adopters benefit the most, there is no incentive for more producers to adopt after 60% to 95% have adopted (meaning the adoption ceiling has been reached), and slower adoption corresponds to ceilings closer to 60% than 95%.
Examining technology adoption from two angles provides a deeper understanding of the adoption process and aids technology-promoters in achieving their goals. In addition to focusing on younger, more educated producers with larger farms, technology-promoters wanting wide-spread adoption with high benefits need to push constituents to adopt early and fast.
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Godfrey, Angela. "Staff training in homes for elderly people : who wants it and what does it do?" Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9783/.
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Franks, Kaitlin. "Retrospective voting who are retrospective voters and does it matter if the incumbent President is running /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3624.
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Jagell, Kristina. "Who does the Mobile Library reach?A Minor Field Study of the Book Mobiles in Bangkok, Thailand." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of ALM, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101637.
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Delmar-Morgan, R. "Does expressive writing lead to physical health benefits in women who have undergone surgery for gynecological cancers?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444264/.
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This paper examines the effectiveness of psychological interventions for patients undergoing major surgery. It reviews which of these help patients either in their psychological adaptation to or physical recovery from surgery. A total of 26 intervention studies were identified. These were divided into five categories of intervention: (1) psycho-education (2) social support (3) relaxation (4) expressive writing and (5) supportive and mixed interventions. Twenty two studies analysed measures of psychological outcomes of these, eleven reported improvements. Twenty two studies reported on measures of physical recovery of these, 10 studies reported improvements. Three further studies found better physical health outcomes in control than in intervention groups. Overall, there is mixed evidence that psychological interventions improve physical and psychological outcomes after major surgery. More good quality studies are needed to explore how psychological interventions could be incorporated into surgical ward practises.
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Brooks, Kanini Wanjira Ward. "Does an Online Post-baccalaureate Secondary Teacher Certification Program Produce Certified Teachers Who Remain in the Field?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804832/.
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Given issues in education concerning teacher shortages, the omnipresence of alternative certification programs and the growth of online programs in higher education, this study investigated teacher retention for 77 secondary education teachers who completed an online teacher preparation program in Texas. Teacher retention was examined from 2003-2013 and investigated the influence of factors such personal characteristics, working conditions and school setting characteristics on teacher retention. Data was collected electronically utilizing a survey instrument designed by two teacher education experts and I. A total of 21 variables and two open-ended questions were investigated using the survey instrument. Exploratory factor and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify a multi-factor model for teacher retention utilizing the participants' survey responses. These analyses yielded evidence of the program's effectiveness in preparing teachers for long careers. Specifically, the areas of program support, field experience, and classroom management were statistically significant factors that contributed positively to teacher retention. Additionally, variables outside the program, were examined. These factors included personal characteristics, working conditions, and school setting factors. The predictor model accounted for 56% of the variance; F (17, 54) = 3.015; p = < 0.001. In particular, working conditions contributed to 41% of the variance associated with the teacher retention model. A qualitative analysis of open-ended survey questions was used to further examine decisions to remain in teaching. Support of administration, colleagues, staff, and parents was shown to influence teacher retention.
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Woolford, Brittany. "Who Does Online Dating Benefit? Association of Adult Attachment with Relationship and Sexual Satisfaction for Online Daters." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538664/.
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Research on associations between online dating and later relationship and sexual satisfaction is limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between meeting a romantic partner online or in person and later relationship and sexual satisfaction for heterosexual males and females. Main analysis results suggest that men report higher relationship satisfaction when they met their partner online and women with a preoccupied and dismissing attachment style reported higher sexual satisfaction when they met their partner online. Overall, there were few differences in relationship and sexual satisfaction for heterosexual men and women who met their partner online or in person.
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Fogliata, Stefano. "“Who does know how to go back home?” Overlapping spatio-temporalities of exile in Lebanon’s Palestinian camps." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/128685.
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Despite being historically spatially contracted and socially constrained, Palestinian camps in Lebanon have turned once more into “transitional zones of emplacement” (Janmyr and Knudsen, 2016) for thousands of people recently fleeing the Syrian conflict. The research investigates how refugees living in camps experience different scales of mobility and develop a wide range of daily practices that extends beyond the camp's boundaries, exploring how imperceptible and hyper-mobile tactics of existence re-elaborate Palestinian refugee camps into meaningful places of elusive contestation. Moving from newcomers’ strategies for protection mainly mainly performed during nighttime, my work expounds on how refugees reinterpret boundaries between camps and “forms of camp spaces” (Fiddian-Qasmiyeh and Qasmiyeh, 2013) through a wide spectrum of practices grounded on translocal informal networks.
Mainly grounded on two-year fieldwork started in 2014, the research hinges on the interconnectivities evolving around the Palestinian Bourj el Barajneh camp and Hezbollah-controlled Beirut southern suburbs.After playing for several months with tens of young Palestinian and Syrian young men informally gathering at the pitch, I significantly deepened my presence and connections in the camp by becoming part of one football team regularly playing in the camp.By extensively investigating practices of mutual recognition and invisibility emerging between the “habitual” residents and Syria’s refugees inside and outside the football field, my work focuses on how transnational discourses and outdoor practices in locality effectively contest international gaps in protection, national securitization policies and arbitrary measures by local non-state actors.
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Maiyuran, Jitesh (Jitesh V. ). "Understanding the doer effect for computational subjects with MOOCs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119565.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-70).
In this thesis, we examined the relationship between the doer effect and learning computational subjects. Computational thinking is becoming increasingly important for students and professionals, and teaching this thought process is a relatively new practice. The doer effect is a well-studied learning phenomenon, yet its impact in computational subjects is not well-understood. Also, given that MOOCs cater to a variety of students, predicting student experience levels can benefit instructors. To address these problems, we used data from massive open online courses (MOOCs) to understand how different student activities are correlated with positive learning outcomes. We also considered the doer effect in a variety of scenarios such as prior experience, duration, and course content. Using a variety of linear models and feature engineering methods in the MOOC setting, we were able to replicate the results seen in literature and draw conclusions about the doer effect in new contexts. Because we found prior experience to correlate with student behavior, we also developed a classifier to predict student experience levels given demographic and behavioral data; our model gives strong accuracy and is robust for use in small data sets.
by Jitesh Maiyuran.
M. Eng.
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Perez-Adamson, Clara. "Does an oracy intervention affect the way that teachers cope with students who challenge or worry them in some way?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22932/.
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The Voice 21: Improving oracy intervention funded by the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) was focused upon improving the quality of classroom dialogue at the Y7 level. It has four key elements: (i) an oracy curriculum, which includes dedicated oracy lessons and strategies for building oracy in regular school lessons; (ii) a training package for school staff; (iii) strategies to build a whole-school oracy culture, including building oracy into assemblies and parents’ evenings, and (iv) an oracy assessment tool, which helps teachers to identify specific speaking and listening skills. Past research focussed upon oracy has established that oracy can lead to school age students achieving substantially improved skills in maths, science, and reasoning. This study attempts to develop an understanding of how vulnerable students were thought about and engaged with in a school that had recently completed the EEF intervention. Five teachers were interviewed and asked about their experiences of working with students perceived as challenging or worrying before and after the intervention, and about the possible impact of the intervention on relationships among students and teachers in the school. A social constructivist epistemological position was adopted and a grounded theory methodology was used. Teachers reported that students developed skills in listening and relating to other students, which contributed to improved relations among students. Teachers also reflected that the intervention offered them the space to develop more trusting and close relationships with students. Oracy was described as serving students who were challenging or worrying by helping teachers to identify students with language difficulties, by giving students who attracted negative attention opportunities to participate positively in school and by offering students who were otherwise socially vulnerable tools to present their ideas, and a platform from which to influence the school culture.
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Yang, Chao. "Does It Matter Who We Ask in Household Surveys? A Study on Gendered Effects and Decision Making Processes in Ecuador." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51168.
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The understanding of how households make decisions may improve the success of an economic development program and enhance targeted training efforts. Technology adoption and farm management decisions depend on household decision making. If a relevant decision maker can be clearly identified and specifically trained to meet his or her needs, the development program may be enhanced. Many approaches have been developed to help understand household decision making processes and the responses to household surveys provide the basis for many such approaches. Survey questions are often asked of a single person, and proxy responses are commonly used. Though potential bias from proxy responses is well documented, there is less information regarding the relationship between the proxy and his or her characteristics and the veracity of responses to subjective questions like who makes decisions within the household or who is in charge of major responsibilities. This paper employs the methods of mining contrast-set (Bay and Pazzani, 1999, 2001) and association rule (Agrawal et al., 1993) to answer the general question of whether and under what conditions proxy responses to survey questions are acceptable in a rural area of Ecuador. It also analyzes how factors such as gender of the respondent matters and how other factors affect the suitability of using proxy responses.
The findings show that gender matters for farm-household decision making in rural Ecuador. For instance, more male than female respondents are likely to claim that they are responsible for household decision-making. Respondents answer differently not only to some subjective questions such as who sells crops, but also to objective survey question such as the number of female workers in a family. Factors such as the age of the respondent are found to influence responses about certain activities such as preparing and applying pesticides. The pattern of responses to both objective and subjective questions as well as the effect on responses by characteristics differ by areas where the survey is conducted, etc..Master of Science
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Cowan, Hannah Ross. ""It's not just the victim who suffers" : offence related trauma : does it exist and what are the experiences of professionals?" Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2014. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1981/.
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This research thesis evaluates existing literature which considers whether offenders who commit violent crime experience psychological trauma as a direct result of their behaviour (‘offence related trauma’). It further explores the experiences of professionals working with such offenders who experience ‘offence related trauma’. Chapter one is a literature review examining ten empirical studies which investigated whether offenders who commit violent crime were traumatised by their actions. The findings revealed that a significant number of offenders experienced ‘offence related trauma’. However, due to methodological limitations these findings need to be considered. The results do pose significant clinical implications for the assessment and treatment of ‘offence related trauma’. Chapter two is an empirical study conducted in a low and medium secure unit which explored the experience of professionals, including those undertaking professional training, working with violent offenders traumatised by their actions. Six professionals participated in the study and the data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three super-ordinate themes emerged from the data; ‘psychological resilience of professionals’, ‘barriers to engagement’ and ‘managing offence related trauma’. These findings are integral to the application of clinical supervision, staff training and the recovery of offenders. The findings are discussed in detail as well as the clinical implications, limitations and areas for future research. Chapter three offers a reflective account of a novice researcher conducting empirical research and explores the parallel process between participant and researcher. Methodological limitations and ethical dilemmas are also discussed together with the professional and personal impact of this research.
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Deffor, Sally. "Does who we are count? A study of the role that a community’s culture can play in sustainable heritage tourism development." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21129.
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Heritage tourism has taken deep roots over the last decade with several destination management areas effectively carving a niche for themselves as places that offer products that help people to relive history. For Ghana, with its various forts and castles spread along its coastline; inhabitants of such communities have taken it for granted that tourists visit.Emerging research has shown that when an area is able to package its heritage artifacts and monuments in an integrated manner with its culture, no matter what it is; then it can be more successful in marketing its tourism products for sustainable development.The culture of a place however, cannot be looked at in isolation. The immediate and remote influences all around it must be explored. Butre as a tourist community, has had its culture over the last couple of years been open to influences not only from tourists but also from the larger globalization platform; brought on by travel, access to satellite TV, mobile phone and Internet access etc. Over the course of the few weeks I spent in Butre, talking to and following the lives of 8 community members; I realized that the rich history of the fort which goes to reinforce our colonial history which is of course, significant to the outside world is left largely untold. My motivation for embarking on this study stemmed from a fascination in knowing why tourists would choose to visit one particular site within the same geographical area. Does the lives and culture of the people there matter at all? The results as this study showed, buttressed the point made in the opening paragraph that yes indeed, we as a people living in these areas do take for granted the artifact, its history and the giant number of tourists that come to see the peculiarities that our area offers. To revert this however, we must begin to think of employing the tried and tested community-participation methodologies that foster sustainable development through the integration of the very important and interrelated strands of culture, heritage and people.
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Cooper-Johal, Jusleen. "Secondary school-based Restorative Interventions : what are the perceptions and experiences of the young people who are identified as 'wrong-doers'?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38063/.
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The historical origins of Restorative Practices (RPs) can be traced back to the Māori communities in New Zealand (Wearmouth & Berryman, 2012). In the 1980s and 1990s RPs were applied in the criminal justice sector and a decade later in the educational sector (McCluskey, Lloyd, Stead, Kane, Riddell & Weedon, 2008b). According to a large-scale survey of English schools in 2009, some 69% reported to sometimes employ RPs (Kane, Lloyd, McCluskey, Maguire, Riddell, Stead & Weedon, 2009). The benefits of using RPs in schools are that it allows the focus to be shifted from punitive approaches to providing children with learning opportunities when conflict has occurred (Hopkins, 2003). The evidence base in the United Kingdom (UK) consists largely of evaluation studies for example a study was commissioned by The Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED) to measure the impact of RPs across 3 local authorities (Kane et al., 2009). The findings suggested that in 14 out of 18 schools, RPs had led to significant changes in practice, including increased positivity and reflectiveness in pupils and staff. Few research studies conducted in the UK have explored the perceptions of either the victim or ‘identified wrong-doers’ involved in RPs in school settings. Therefore the current study aimed to gain an insight into the perceptions of young people ‘identified as wrong-doers’ by school staff and who had been involved in some form of Restorative Interventions (RIs) such as a Restorative Conference (RC) or a Restorative Mediation (RM). A qualitative study was designed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). 7 participants were recruited (5 males, 2 females aged between 11 and 16) from a Secondary school. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews which were conducted between one and six weeks after the mediation or conference had taken place. The data was analysed and five master themes were created: the emotional component of being involved in the RI process; the experience of RIs as learning opportunities; the interactions between individuals before and during the RIs; the experience of feeling vulnerable and difficulties with recognising, processing and expressing thoughts and feelings. Some of these master themes directly related to the RP process and others related to the general experience of being an ‘identified wrong-doer’. Methodological issues and implications are considered. For instance, in terms of the research setting, the current study gives an indication of the elements of the RIs the participants valued (for example sharing stories) and found challenging (such as expressing their emotions). One of the implications for Educational Psychologists (EPs) could be supporting schools to employ RPs effectively to create an inclusive school environment.
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Cook, Karen Mary. "What are we, who are we and how does that position us? : change and continuity in the identity of a new university." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15947.
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This empirical study of the organisational identity of a newly titled university provides an insight into how identity is constructed, maintained, deconstructed and reconstructed in the higher education sector in England. The purposes of the university sector, and the higher education sector of which it is a part, are being increasingly challenged following significant legislative and environmental changes over the past century. Through these changes what it means to be a university is shifting. Increased complexity and diversity has given rise to a university sector that now encompasses much of what was previously defined as non-university higher education, resulting in what many argue is a crisis of sector identity. Whilst recognising that organisational identity does more than provide a definition of membership, this crisis of sector identity impacts upon the identity development and understandings of those who are now part of it. Research on identity in the higher education sector has been focused on professional and academic identities, the concept of what it is to be a university in a policy-driven, mass participation higher education system or the interaction between the two subject areas. This thesis has a different focus, concentrating on the relatively under-researched area of change and continuity in organisational identity particularly focussing upon a period of change in legal definition and organisational positioning. During the period 1998 to 2013, the University of St Mark & St John (Marjon) moved from being a college of higher education, to a university college and finally, through a change in legislative criteria, to a university. This thesis explores change and continuities in its identity through its journey and various incarnations. It investigates how definitional constructs and sectoral positioning interface with who the organisation is; its identity. The thesis is based on an interpretive mixed methods case study, focussing on the strategic development of the University during this period. Existing theoretical models of organisational identity have informed the analysis of the data which include documentary sources, a small number of key informant interviews and participant observations. The latter exploited insights gleaned from working as a senior manager in the University for part of the period in which the research was undertaken. The research findings reinforce the existing theories highlighting the importance of organisational identity to organisational health, but challenge existing theory in respect of identity development and change. The research highlights the significance of the relationship between ‘what’ an organisation is, which is a definitional and spatial construct, and ‘who’ an organisation is, which is a reflection of its identity. This relationship has previously been considered as inconsequential to organisational identity development. The findings also challenge the assumption that identity change is a change management process brought into effect through a strong leadership narrative and strategic planning tools. The study makes evident the interplay of organisational history, and the strength of internal and external influences on the capacity and willingness of an organisation to undergo identity change. This has resulted in the development of a conceptual framework to support leaders in the exploration of an organisation’s identity, highlighting the interrelationship of specific factors on identity development.
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Leeks, Marilyn. "Does the organisational culture of the Rockhampton Women's Health Centre have an impact on women who use the service? : if so, in what ways does it impact on them? /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arml485.pdf.
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Wildhagen, Tara B. "For whom does participation matter and why? the earnings of former college athletes /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6074.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Stefanopoulou, Evgenia. "Why does worry persist?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551211.
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Background & Aims: Perseverative worry constitutes a cardinal feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and has been thought to be crucial in the maintenance of the disorder. According to the Processing Efficiency Theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992), worry consumes working memory capacities, leading therefore to worry perseveration. This thesis sought to examine such capacities in healthy participants and determine whether and how these may be compromised in individuals diagnosed with GAD. Methods: To examine residual working memory capacities, participants performed a randomization task while thinking about a worry or positive topic. To explore whether limitations in randomization might reflect more general attentional deficits, participants also performed a single working memory task without concurrent task demands. Results GAD participants were less random than healthy participants, irrespective of task condition. Although GAD individuals were less random while worrying compared to the positive condition, healthy participants did not show such differences. Moreover, GAD participants required longer reaction times to perform the higher load conditions of the single working memory task relative to healthy participants. Conclusions: Results provide further empirical support that GAD individuals have less residual working memory capacity when worrying and, thus, fewer attentional resources available to redirect their thoughts away from worry (and onto other tasks). GAD participants exhibited attentional deficits during the higher load conditions of the single task, suggesting they were less able to sustain focus on tasks requiring a high degree of attentional control, even without concurrent task demands. Findings implicate depletion of working memory capacities in-the pathophysiology of GAD and suggest that exploring further the impact of the worrying process on such capacities may be of great clinical significance. Findings may be valuable in delineating possible vulnerability and protective factors to the development of GAD and help inform early and effective interventions for this debilitating disorder.
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Ryan, Michael Francis. "From doer to stayer: Dispositional and organisational factors affecting sustained volunteering in community service organisations." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2014. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/817ce11ff58cb8897f0522b4e88486de73d3687f4c94b432e747590b81f316d0/10823684/201406_Michael_F_RYAN.pdf.
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Sustained volunteering – the continued service of a volunteer with a particular organisation – is a critical issue for organisations that depend on the contribution of volunteers for the continuation of their programs and the achievement of their goals. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which selected dispositional and organisational factors influence a volunteer’s sustained involvement with a community service organisation. A conceptual model of sustained volunteering was developed based on Omoto and Snyder’s Volunteer Process Model (Omoto & Snyder, 1995, 2002) and on perspectives drawn from the theory of planned behaviour and psychological contract theory. This model included the following dispositional and organisational variables: motivation to volunteer, benefits of volunteering, motivation-benefit match, self-efficacy for volunteering, collective efficacy of the organisation, satisfaction with the volunteering experience, affective organisational commitment and intention to continue volunteering. Demographic and contextual variables were included as potentially explanatory variables. The questionnaire which surveyed these variables comprised original scales and established psychosocial scales. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Responses were received from 454 volunteers, which represents an overall response rate of 71%, from three community service organisations: the St Vincent de Paul Society (NSW & ACT), the NSW Rural Fire Service and the Benevolent Society. The statistical analysis of the data included correlational as well as path analysis to build a structural equation model that fits the data with high reliability. The resultant empirical model has high explanatory power of sustained volunteering within this sample group. Affective commitment and collective efficacy emerged as the strongest predictors of sustained volunteering; other significant influences included self-efficacy in handling volunteering tasks, social motivation, and the matching of benefits to motivation based on personal values. Satisfaction, self-efficacy, and matching of benefits to values and social motivations were significant direct influences on affective commitment and, hence, indirect influences on sustained volunteering. This research contributes significantly to knowledge of volunteering. This research builds on and extends prior models of volunteering by testing a new model of sustained volunteering which includes multiple dispositional and organisational variables and, critically, uses a large sample and diverse population. The diversity of this sample argues for the generalisability of the model across sectors and organisations that rely on volunteers and are concerned to sustain continuity of service of volunteers. The use of this model, as well as the inclusion of self-efficacy and collective efficacy measures, adds to methodological and conceptual development in volunteer research. The findings of this study further advance the discourse in research on volunteers by focusing on the individual within the context of the organisation – the sustained iv involvement of the volunteer – rather than focusing on the perspective of the organisation – volunteer retention. Moreover, the model focusses on a volunteer’s continued volunteering with a particular organisation rather than their continuation as a volunteer per se based on volunteer role identity. This study further adds to the knowledge of volunteers’ motivations, their perceived effectiveness as a volunteer, and their perceptions of the volunteering experience, and provides organisations with important information and insights to assist them in managing their volunteer resource. The findings of this study indicate also that organisations would benefit from viewing the volunteer’s involvement from the perspective of the volunteer, not only from the organisation’s perspective.
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Workman, Lesley. "Does helminth treatment reduce the risk of active tuberculosis in a cohort of children from high tuberculosis risk population who have been vaccinated with BCG at birth?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9315.
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Includes bibliographical references.[Background] Research in adults and older children has shown an association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and helminth infection, with those infected with helminths at greater risk of tuberculosis. This association is believed to be on the basis that chronic helminth infection can result in a functional impairment of the immune response that is necessary to clear or control infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Elias et al. 2001; Rook et al. 2006; Fincham 2001). It is thus possible that the introduction of regular deworming programmes in a vulnerable population of children under the age of five years could assist their immune systems to ward off tuberculosis infection and reduce the risk of tuberculosis disease in such a population. A randomised controlled trial to compare two methods of administering bacille Camlette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination to newborns from a high tuberculosis risk population provided an opportunity to test this hypothesis in a sub-study. [Objective] The objective of this study is to determine if young children in a high-risk tuberculosis population who have been vaccinated with BCG at birth and have been treated for helminth infection are at lower risk of tuberculosis disease than children who have been vaccinated with BCG at birth but not treated for helminth infection. [Method] A case control study nested within a cohort recruited for a separate randomised control trial to compare two methods of administering BCG vaccination was carried out. Children who presented to their local clinic or hospital with symptoms of tuberculosis or a history of exposure to tuberculosis were admitted to a case verification (CV) ward for investigation of tuberculosis. Investigation of tuberculosis included a detailed history, including past helminth treatment, physical examination, tuberculin skin test, chest radiograph, gastric washing and induced sputum for culture of tuberculosis and clinical examination. A diagnostic algorithm was developed by specialist physicians and biostatisticians to classify the children into one of five tuberculosis categories. A total of 510 children (median age 18.13 months) were included in the primary analysis of this case control study. Those defined as cases were the 328 classified as "definite or probable TB" and 182, classified as "not TB", comprised the control group. Those classified as "possible TB" or "unlikely TB" were excluded. A secondary analysis was performed that included the 337 children who had been classified as "unlikely TB" with the controls resulting in a total of 847 children (median age 18.37 months). The 328 children classified as "definite or probable TB" were defined as cases and the 519 classified as "unlikely or not TB" comprised the control group. Univariate analysis was used to explore a possible relationship between tuberculosis and helminth treatment using all the variables in the sub-study (n=510 primary analysis; n=847 secondary analysis). For both the primary and secondary analysis a multivariate logistic regression model was built using a reduced sample that had a complete set of data for all the variables: primary analysis (n=435); secondary analysis (n=724). This final model was then fitted on a more complete sample as the final variables selected had fewer missing data for the observations: primary analysis (n=493); secondary analysis (n=822). [Result] A total of 35.69% of the study sample in the primary analysis had been treated for helminth infection. The proportion of children who had been treated for helminth infection was similar in the cases and controls (35.98% and 35.16% respectively). Univariate logistic regression showed no association between tuberculosis and treatment for helminth infection: [odds ratio (OR) 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71 - 1.51]. Multivariate analysis adjusted for the effect of nutritional status, recorded as height for age z score (haz), number of occupants sharing the same dwelling as the child, gender and birth site showed a similar result: (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.69 " 1.53). The OR is very close to 1 with a 95% CI that includes 1, which indicates that there is not a statistically significant association between tuberculosis and helminth treatment. In the secondary analysis, a total of 38.61% of the study sample had been treated for helminth infection. In this analysis the proportion of children who had been treated for helminth infection showed a difference between the cases and controls (35.98% and 40.27% respectively). Univariate logistic regression showed a 17% relative reduction in tuberculosis odds but this was not a statistically significant result: (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.63 " 1.11). Multivariate analysis adjusted for the effect of haz, number of children sharing the same dwelling as the child and gender, showed a similar result: (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.63 " 1.15). [Conclusion] The primary analysis of this observational study does not support the hypothesis that helminth treatment reduces the risk of tuberculosis disease in young children in a high-risk tuberculosis population. Although the secondary analysis showed a 15% relative reduction in tuberculosis odds after adjusting for the effect of haz, number of occupants sharing the same dwelling as the child and gender, this was not a statistically significant result. [Final Conclusion] This study does not support the hypothesis that helminth treatment reduces the risk of tuberculosis disease in young children in a high-risk tuberculosis population.
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Yan, Ran. "Does Fibre-fix provided to people with irritable bowel syndrome who are consuming a low FODMAP diet improve their gut health, gut microbiome, sleep and mental health?" Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2660.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, affecting 4% of the global population. Despite its effects in symptom alleviation, a diet low in fermentable oligo, di, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP), has been shown to have negative impacts on gut microbiota. This randomised double-blind placebo-control study aimed to examine whether Fibre-fix, a mix of dietary fibres, added to an existing low FODMAP diet, can improve gut health, gut microbiota, sleep, mental health and quality of life in IBS patients without causing exacerbation of symptoms. Adult participants (n=26, 3 males) who had been on a low FODMAP diet for a minimum of one month were recruited from Perth, Western Australia. They were randomised into either the Fibre-fix (n=13) or placebo (n=13) group for a 3-week consumption of the corresponding supplement with doses increased from 5 g/d to 40 g/d, after completing a one-week baseline. At baseline (Timepoint 1, T1) and the end of the study (T2), their blood and faecal samples and 3-day weighed-food diaries were collected. Questionnaires were also collected to evaluate sleep, mental health, quality of life and gut symptoms. During the four weeks, participants also reported their daily IBS symptoms, and wore a wrist-based actigraphy, Readiband®, to capture daily sleep data.
At baseline, the gut microbial composition did not significantly differ between groups. However, at T2, the overall gut composition changed at both the genus (P = 0.0023) and amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level (P = 0.0018), due to the fibre supplement. Fibre-fix beneficially altered gut microbial composition by significantly changing the relative abundance of 10 genera and 35 ASVs at T2, including Ruminococcus E with a 5.5-fold change (fc) (P < 0.01) and Prevotella (fc = 5.9, P > 0.05). At the end of the intervention, no significant changes were noted between groups in gut diversity indices and faecal SCFA. Throughout the interventional period, participants in both groups maintained their baseline sleep patterns and stable symptom severity. Fibre-fix improved GI-specific anxiety (P = 0.010) and sexual subscale of quality of life (P = 0.01). Both groups boosted their fibre intake, achieving the Australian Dietary Guideline (ADG) recommendations (female level) at T2, with overall dietary patterns and quality maintained. Participants in the Fibre-fix group reported less energy and protein consumption than their baseline levels. At T2, a total of 26 variables explained approximately 80% of the gut microbial variation in the taxonomic levels of phylum, genus and ASV, where 6 of the 26 contributed to all three levels, relating to: participants’ compliance (%), fruit intake (serve/day), faecal butyrate concentration, number of bowel movements, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. This study shows that a correct mix of fibres can alleviate the negative effects of a low FODMAP diet on gut health, improve gut microbiota, reduce GIspecific anxiety, and not impact the sleep and symptoms of IBS patients on this diet compared with those supplemented with the placebo.
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Asplund, Oscar, and Othon Tzobras. "Why Does Cash Still Exist?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231406.
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With non-cash transactions on the rise and the debate about the future cashless society is raging, cash is still being used around the world with varying degrees. This thesis studies the behavioral determinants of consumers with regard to cash usage. The current research have found several determinants of consumer behavior and this study aims at combining the existing knowledge into one model that might explain peoples’ payment medium behaviors. The method chosen in this thesis was to do a factor analysis in order to validate the hypothesized model. The obtained data-set was analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0.0.0. To start with the data was deemed to be suitable after checking the adequacy of our data set through a KMO and Bartlett’s test and further by looking at the MSA table where the variables score quite high indicating that the data is suitable. Secondly the results from the factor analysis indicated that there are eight components extracted with some components being uncorrelated but the majority of extracted components from the output being correlated. Finally we found that our theoretical model holds but we recommend further research to be conducted on how locations determine cash usage. Moreover, we noted that some components into the socio-demographic groups are uncorrelated and thus we would like to recommend further research into the statistical validity of the model.Trots stadigt ökande andelen ickekontanta transaktioner kombinerat med den pågående debatten om det kontantlösa samhället så används fortfarande kontanter (i varieande utsträckning) runt om världen. Denna uppsats studerar beteendedeterminanter med hänsyn konsumenters val av olika betalningsmedel. Tidigare studier har hittat bevis för flera olika determinanter som påverkar konsumenters beteenden och denna uppsats syftar till att kombinera existerande determinanter till en modell som kan förklara konsumenters beteendemönster kring valet av olika betalningsmedier. Faktoranalys har varit den valda metoden för denna studie för att kunna validera den hypotiserad bettendemodellen. Det erhållna datasetet analyserades med hjälp av mjukvaran SPSS IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0.0.0. Till att börja med så ansågs datan vara passande efter lämplighetstest av det tillgängliggjorda datasetet och därefter kontrollera resultaten från KMO- och Barlettstesterna samt att undersöka resultaten från MSA-tabellen där flera variabler innehar höga värden vilket indikerade att datan var lämplig för vidare analys. Resultaten från faktoranalysen indikerar att vi erhöll totalt åtta komponenter där ett fåtal korrelerade men majoriteten av komponenterna var inte korrelerade. Till att börja med så fann vi att datan var lämplig för vidare analys. Därefter fick vi åtta extraherade komponenter vilka teoretiskt kunde härledas till vår modells hypotiserade determinanter. Till slut fann vi att vår teoretiska modell håller men vill rekommendera vidare forskning på hur specifika platser determinerar kontantanvändning. Dessutom så noterade vi att vissa komponeter inte korrelerar hos vissa sociodemografiska grupper och vi vill därför rekommendera vidare forskning för att bättre validera modellen statistiskt.
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Moore, Steve. "The abuse of older people in private sector care homes : why does it occur? : why does it endure?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6983/.
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Government policy has existed to protect adults who may be at risk of abuse since 1993 and was significantly revised in 2000 by ‘No Secrets: Guidance on developing and implementing multi-agency policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults from abuse’. However, a catalogue of abuse of older people in care homes subsequent to 2000 confirms that abusive acts continue. This thesis examined the extent of abuse in English care homes and has sought answers to the question of why it endures. The research employed a mixed methods approach. An anonymously completed questionnaire was used to quantify and explore any previous experiences of abuse from newly appointed care staff in five newly opened care homes. Concurrently, thirty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with care home staff working in a sample of established homes in five local authority areas to explore their perceptions and experiences of abuse. A clear conclusion from the findings is that action is required at both societal and care home organisational levels to strengthen the prevention of abuse.
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Apostolidou, Zoe. "How does the experience of working with asylum seekers and refugees construct the professional identity? : an analysis of the discursive positions of specialist professionals who work with asylum seekers and refugees." Thesis, Regent's University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646080.
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An extensive literature search reveals the profound lack of research on specialist professionals’ perspective on clinical work with asylum-seekers and refugees. This study explores the manner in which practitioners’ clinical experience with asylum-seekers and refugees informs the way they make sense of their professional identity. It is the first study undertaken in the UK that investigates the notion of professional identity among practitioners who work with this client population. Drawing on a social constructionist epistemology and a Foucauldian theoretical and methodological framework of power and discourse, I analyse extracts from semi-structured interviews that I conducted with eight specialist professionals who have provided therapeutic work to asylum-seekers and refugees. I explore how professional practices related to clinicians’ work, as well as legislative policies around asylum fall within a broader spectrum of regulatory discourses, interact and shape practitioners’ professional identity within a postmodern migration context. The findings of this study suggest that the notion of professional identity among these practitioners envelops a social and political activist stance and a deep sense of commitment towards helping and promoting social change within the wider community. Likewise, clinical work with refugees combines professional knowledge and values with a politicised involvement that fosters a psychosocial perspective on clients’ distress, takes into account the socio-political parameters of refugees’ trauma and allows practitioners to contextualise their distress and difficulties without pathologizing them. These findings are useful for professionals who work in the field of clinical practice and who conduct or consider conducting clinical work with refugees and clients that have multifaceted social and psychological needs and difficulties, as well as with clients from different socio-cultural backgrounds.
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Simak, Gabriella. "Why does communication in youth justice matter?" Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/why-does-communication-in-youth-justice-matter(830e658d-3809-4b4a-8be5-04da10e9e5ea).html.
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This exploratory study examines how the speech language and communication needs of young people affect the restorative justice process in the context of referral orders. It is estimated that up to 60-90% of young people have speech, language and communication needs within the youth justice system in England and Wales. Recent literature highlights the improvement of services within youth justice by providing speech and language therapy to young people with communication difficulties. Research indicates that young people with speech, language and communication needs struggle to fully engage with verbally mediated interventions. However, the impact of young people’s communication difficulties on community orders which encompass restorative justice principles have not been explored. Thus, the impact of speech language and communication needs of young people on referral orders will be examined. Twenty two Youth Offending Teams with Speech and Language Therapist seconded roles within core services were approached. Using a mixed methods approach, the project sets out findings from semi-structured interviews with youth justice practitioners, volunteers and Speech and Language Therapists, as well as, non-participant observations of Youth Offender Panel meetings. Analysis of data from interviews with practitioners and volunteers and from Youth Offender Panel meeting observations was completed using thematic analysis. Quantitative case level data on young people on referral orders were obtained from one Youth Offending Team. Findings indicate that the speech, language and communication needs of young people negatively impact the principles of restorative justice embedded in referral orders: responsibility, reparation, and reintegration. Results also demonstrate that seconded Speech and Language Therapists within Youth Offending Teams help to mitigate the impact of communication difficulties of young people on referral orders.
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Wallis, Christopher. "The thinker, the doer and the decider : Zbigniew Brzezinski, Cyrus Vance and the bureaucratic wars of the Carter administration." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2018. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/37648/.
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When President Jimmy Carter entered the White House, he desired a decision-making structure that would be collegial and provide him with a diverse range of policy options from his principal advisors, Secretary of State Cyrus Vance and National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. However, their differing outlooks coupled with a desire to control and manage U.S. foreign policy led to a furious and bitter battle to influence the administration's agenda. This thesis analyses the relationship between Vance and Brzezinski and their struggles for the ear of the president. It was a conflict exacerbated by the institutional rivalry between the National Security Council and the State Department as they battled with one another to affect policy. As issues arose, the president's advisors, supported by their constituencies, jostled to orchestrate the administration's strategies and approach. Subsequently, tensions increased as the conflict between Vance, Brzezinski and their departments developed into unbridled bureaucratic warfare within the Carter administration. This study utilises the bureaucratic politics paradigm to illustrate how the influence of advisors and organisations can impact on presidential decision-making. While President Carter wanted to be the main decision maker in his administration, his insistence on a system that provided him with a range of advice precipitated the struggles between Vance and Brzezinski. As their disputes intensified, Carter was unable to effectively manage the views and advice of his advisors and formulate a clear strategy. As this thesis demonstrates, the bureaucratic politics model provides an effective framework to analyse the development and implementation of U.S. foreign policy. While historians have neglected or played down the significance of their clashes, this thesis argues that the rivalry between Vance, Brzezinski, and their respective departments had a clear and visible effect on U.S. foreign policy. The bureaucratic wars raged throughout Carter's time in office, contributing to a tapestry of inconsistencies that resulted in the administration's inability to create a settled foreign policy agenda.
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Fisher, Susan. "A portfolio of academic study, clinical practice and research incorporating 'Workplace smoking bans in the health service: what are the psychological effects on staff who smoke, and does glucose alleviate abstinence related discomfort?'." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298217.
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Preston, Nicholas John. "Does the use of home-based assistive rehabilitation technology enhance the functional benefits of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy who have upper limb movement difficulties : a single-blind randomised controlled trial." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8075/.
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Background. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common cause of childhood activity limitation that restricts children’s personal development. Botulinum toxin is a spasticity treatment that can improve upper limb activity limitation when combined with rehabilitation therapy. We investigated whether use of a computer-assisted arm rehabilitation (CAAR) device enhanced the benefits of botulinum toxin treatment of the upper limb of children with cerebral palsy. Method. Fifteen children with cerebral palsy aged 5 – 12 years old undergoing botulinum toxin treatment for spasticity of the upper limb were randomly allocated into a CAAR group and a control group using minimisation, a procedure that balances groups for prognostic factors e.g. age and disability. Children used CAAR at home for 6 weeks. Assessments were carried out by blinded assessor at baseline, six and twelve weeks. Primary outcome measure. ABILHAND-kids. Secondary outcome measure. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Results. ABILHAND-kids. Activity limitation worsened following botulinum toxin treatment. An ANCOVA revealed that this was not significant (median scores, all participants: baseline, 0.8084; six weeks, 0.145; twelve weeks, 0.334; p=0.462) and that there was no difference between groups (p=0.699). COPM. A Friedman’s ANOVA revealed a statistically significant improvement that was clinically non-significant (baseline score, 4/10; six week score, 4.6/10; twelve week score, 4.6/10; p=0.031). A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA revealed no difference in scores between groups at each time point. CAAR use. Mean daily use, 7 minutes. Maximum use, 256 minutes (played over 24 days, mean daily use 10.667 minutes). Sample size. This sample size was underpowered by 75%. Conclusion. This study potentially supports evidence that botulinum treatment should be used only in combination with rehabilitation therapy but it was not adequately powered and a Type II error cannot be ruled out. The CAAR device did not engage the children enough to promote sufficient intensity and repetition of arm movements.
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Johansson, Joel. "Why does a sleepy driver continue to drive?" Thesis, Department of computer and information science, Linköping University, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-596.
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Inom trafikforskningen är det allmänt känt att sömnighet är en starkt bidragande faktor vid trafikolyckor. Tidigare forskning har visat att sömnighet hos förare är närvarande i 16-23 procent av alla bilolyckor. Inom flyg- och järnvägsdomänen har en metod, med en stark influens från human factors-området, kallad Fatigue risk management (FRM) använts för att undersöka hur sociala och organisatoriska faktorer påverkar personalens sömnighetsnivå. Dock har denna metod inte använts för att undersöka lastbilsförares sömnighetsnivå i någon större utsträckning. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur lastbilsförare upplever, motarbetar och motverkar sömnighet i deras dagliga arbetssituation. Resultaten visar att lastbilsförare i sitt arbete möter en stor mängd trötthetsbidragande faktorer, som kan härledas både till organisatoriska faktorer och individuellt beteende. Möjliga sätt att motverka sömnighet bland lastbilsförare, riktade mot både individen och organisationen, föreslås.In the traffic domain it is commonly known that sleepiness is a highly contributing factor in traffic accidents. Research has shown that sleepiness among drivers is present in about 16-23 per cent of all car accidents. In the aviation and railway industry a method or framework with some shared influences from the Human Factors approach, called Fatigue Risk Management (FRM) has been used to investigate how social and organisational factors affect the personnels level of sleepiness. The overall aims of this study are to investigate how truck drivers experience, fight and counteract sleepiness in their daily work environment. The results show that drivers face a wide variety of sleep contributing factors, stemming from both organisational factors and individual behaviour. Possible ways of counteracting truck driver sleepiness, concerning both the individual and the organisation, are also suggested.
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Matheson, Troy. "Why does Australia grow faster than New Zealand?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Economics, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4312.
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We analyse the divergence in productivity between Australia and New Zealand, with
a special emphasis on quantifying the industry-level contributors to the divergence
and on whether the countries have comparable growth processes. The Convergence
Hypothesis is tested between industries and across countries. We find that two
industries satisfy our definition of Conditional Convergence (Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing and Cultural and Recreational Services). Cointegration tests reveal more
stochastic trends governing Australian productivity than in New Zealand.
Decompositions of the divergence to the industry-level suggest large contributions
from differences in labour growth across the two countries, and significant
contributions from cross-country structural differences. Most of the industries add to
the divergence, with particularly large contributions from differences across the
Mining and Wholesale Trade industries. The evidence suggests that the growth
processes of the two economies are fundamentally different, thereby questioning the
relevance of comparisons between them.
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Heckman, Stan. "Why does a lightning flash have multiple strokes?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17300.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-132) and index.
by Stan Heckman.
Ph.D.
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Nessim, Doris. "Why the home care referral process does not work." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63253.pdf.
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Morley, Sarah Emily. "Takeover litigation : the US does it more than the UK, but why and does it matter?" Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12228/.
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This thesis begins by describing the regulatory regimes of takeovers in the UK and US, and maps the litigation landscapes of both jurisdictions. In order to first map or describe the litigation landscapes, data was collected to reveal the extent of the UK’s propensity to litigate during takeovers. Although data ascertaining takeover litigation levels existed in the US no current study had yet established the levels in the UK. It is revealed that in the US 87 percent of takeovers are subject to litigation, whilst in the UK the figure is less than one percent. Current literature has not yet attempted to explain exactly why the US and UK differ so widely, considering their very similar market systems. The focus of this thesis is then to explain this difference and debunk some of the more obvious presumed explanations (i.e. “the US is just more aggressively litigious”) and identify some lesser known reasons. As the main instigators of US litigation are target shareholders alleging their directors have breached a fiduciary duty a number of explanations inevitably arise from this particular scenario. A simplistic uni-causal explanation is therefore rejected and instead this thesis offers four candidates for explaining the disparity. These are, firstly, that US shareholders benefit from more extensive “causes of action.” The second explanation encompasses the different “forms of action” that are available to shareholders in the UK and US to pursue these causes of action; in the US the class action is the favoured form whereas in the UK shareholders are limited to the derivative claim. The third explanation concerns the role played by the existence of the Code, and its administration by the Panel. It is argued that these UK institutions do much to suppress takeover litigation in general. The fourth and final explanation is the rather amorphous concept of “litigation culture.” Finally, the impacts of the diverging propensities to litigate on factors such as cost and speed on the takeover process are then evaluated.
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DelConte, Matthew T. "Who speaks, who listens, who acts a new model for understanding narrative /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1055173633.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Document formatted into pages; contains x, 217 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-217). Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 June 3.
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Mesbah, Targol. "Why does the other suffer? : war, trauma and the everyday /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Moir, Lance. "Why does business support the Arts? Philanthropy, marketing or legitimation?" Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/129.
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This thesis examines the motivation by UK firms for one aspect for corporate philanthropy – support for the arts. The literature has shown that there is an increase in strategic philanthropy – business giving which is designed to meet the objectives of business and society, yet there is no clarity on what the underlying motives are for business giving. This research develops a framework around the dimensions of relative business-society attention and relative stakeholder attention to identify patterns of motivation.
The dominant economic motivations of marketing and legitimation were identified through a content analysis of sixty texts which describe business support for the arts. These motivations were further understood through thirty-nine interviews with business managers and managers in the arts and arts-based consultancies; although a small number of firms was shown to act primarily from an intention to benefit society in some way. In all cases, business support for the arts includes a significant economic component, whether the primary motivation is pro-business or pro-society. The analysis of these interviews shows that business supports the arts across the three areas of business benefits – especially branding and customer relations, employee support and community relations yet the importance of these areas varies according to the underlying principle motivation of marketing or legitimation. Further, the research shows that firms with higher business exposure undertake corporate support for the arts as an exercise in legitimation.
This thesis contributes to the corporate philanthropy literature by providing a model to understand motivation for corporate giving and by showing how these motivations can be understood in a continuum of corporate philanthropy in the case of business support for the arts in the UK. This continuum shows basic motivation mapped against degree of business exposure, stakeholder focus and type of art form supported.
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Nutter, Katherine S. "Defining success in low income housing| Why does it matter?" Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196538.
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The US Census Bureau reveals the number of families in poverty in the United States in 2014 was 9.5 million, at a rate of 11.6 percent. In the current economic climate, many more families are facing the possibility of eviction, foreclosure and homelessness. Low income families may be able to secure a residence through low-income housing organizations. Orange County Community Housing Corporation is an organization that offers a program in addition to long-term housing in areas such as financial literacy, education, and health. In this setting, tenants may begin to think about more future oriented prospects rather than daily/weekly survival issues. As families become more stable, their perceptions of success and how the program may help them will reveal how services can be tailored more effectively.
The purpose of this ethnographic study is to discover how participants within Orange County Community Housing Corporation define success. As tenants are involved in the program, program definitions may play a part not only in shaping tenants’ immediate goals (i.e., finding employment, returning to school), but also their overall perception of success. Tenants’ definitions of success may also contribute to how the program is shaped. This qualitative study will utilize participant-observation and semi-structured interviews with the overall aim to explore the intersection of tenant and program definitions of success and their convergence towards sustainable outcomes for tenants, which includes averting homelessness and working towards greater “self-sufficiency.”