Academic literature on the topic 'WHO standard'

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Journal articles on the topic "WHO standard"

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Brown-Wagner, Susan. "Who Sets the Standard?" Oncology Issues 14, no. 3 (1999): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463356.1999.11904835.

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Strevens, Peter. "Standards and the Standard Language." English Today 1, no. 2 (1985): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400000055.

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Who speaks Standard English? Do all the people on our cover use it, only some of them, or only one of them? Are these even reasonable questions to ask in 1985? What is the standard language and what are language standards anyway, towards the end of the 20th century?
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Lim, Sabina. "WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7, no. 2 (2010): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep006.

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‘WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in the Western Pacific Region(WHO Standard) was released in 2008. Initially, there were 92/361 controversial acupuncture points (acupoints). Through seven informal consultations and four task force team meetings, 86 points were agreed upon among the 92 controversial acupoints, leaving 6 remaining controversial acupoints, demanding active research in the future. This will enhance the reproducibility and validity of acupuncture studies. It will also lead to a better understanding of acupuncture mechanisms in order to optimize its clinical efficacy for a
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Selbst, Alan G. "Standard of care: So who decides?" Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 83, no. 6 (1997): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(97)90306-1.

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Norrie, K. M. "Medical negligence: who sets the standard?" Journal of Medical Ethics 11, no. 3 (1985): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.11.3.135.

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HEAD, BARBARA. "Who Sets the Standard for Hospice Care?" Home Healthcare Nurse 19, no. 3 (2001): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004045-200103000-00016.

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Rossi, Agustín. "Internet Privacy: Who Sets the Global Standard?" International Spectator 49, no. 1 (2014): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2014.875823.

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Kelleher, Martin, and Kevin Lewis. "‘Satisficing’ in dentistry: who decides? who benefits?" Dental Update 51, no. 2 (2024): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2024.51.2.86.

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This series of articles challenges some popular myths about supposedly ‘ideal’ treatment plans, and is designed to provoke reflection and stimulate debate. It explains the concept of ‘satisficing’ (as opposed to ‘maximizing’) in dentistry, and illustrates how subconscious bias and self-interests might lead supposed experts to promote arbitrary aspirational standards and confuse them with what the law expects (the Bolam Test standard) and what is genuinely in the best interests of an individual patient. It is argued that sound, patient-centred pragmatic planning and treatment is equally valid,
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Lewis, Kevin, and Martin Kelleher. "Satisficing in dentistry. Who decides? who benefits? part 2." Dental Update 51, no. 3 (2024): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2024.51.3.159.

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This three-part series of articles challenges some popular myths about supposedly ‘ideal’ treatment plans and is designed to provoke reflection and stimulate debate. It explains the concept of ‘satisficing’, as opposed to ‘maximizing’, in dentistry, and illustrates how subconscious bias and self-interests might lead supposed experts to promote arbitrary aspirational standards and confuse them with what the law expects (the Bolam Test standard), and what is genuinely in the best interests of an individual patient. It is argued that sound, patient-centred pragmatic planning and treatment is equa
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Kelleher, Martin, and Kevin Lewis. "Satisficing in Dentistry. Who decides? Who benefits? Part 3." Dental Update 51, no. 4 (2024): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2024.51.4.232.

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This series of articles challenges some popular myths about supposedly ‘ideal’ treatment plans and is designed to provoke reflection and stimulate debate. It explains the concept of ‘satisficing’ (as opposed to ‘maximizing’) in dentistry, and illustrates how subconscious bias and self-interests might lead supposed experts to promote arbitrary aspirational standards and confuse them with what the law expects (the Bolam Test standard) and what is genuinely in the best interests of an individual patient. It is argued that sound, patient-centred, pragmatic planning and treatment is equally valid,
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "WHO standard"

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Sloneker, G. Mark. "Burris Butler the man who helped save Standard Publishing Company /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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Abrahamsson, Evonne, and Maria Andersson. ""Unga män som bryter mönstret" : "Young Men who Break the Standard"." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3479.

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<p>Studien handlar om projektet Sharafs hjältar, som syftar till att förändra – attityderna hos unga män med rötter i hederskulturen. En kvalitativ metod har använts, där fyra intervjuer av män som arbetar inom organisationen genomförts. Syftet med studien är att få ökad förståelse för hur arbetet mot hedersrelaterat våld kan se ut. Fokus ligger på männens egen syn och egna erfarenheter av hederskulturen, samt deras arbete inom Sharafs hjältar. Våra frågeställningar är; Vad är Sharafs hjältar och vad är syftet och målet med projektet? Vilka metoder används i arbetet? Vilka problem och hinder u
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Ryu, Jae-in. "Differences in estimates of dental treatment needs and workforce requirements between the standard normative need (WHO model) and sociodental approach to assessing dental need." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445035/.

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Background. Most dental planners use the normative approach for dental workforce planning. An alternative, the sociodental approach of need assessments has been developed to assess dental needs. Studies indicate large differences in needs assessed using the two methods.;Objectives. To assess and compare dental needs and manpower required for dental care of a sample of adult Koreans aged 30 to 64 years using the normative and the sociodental need approaches for three dental treatments restorative, prosthetic and periodontal treatments.;Methods. Assessments of dental needs and time required to t
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Leijon, Sofi. "Content and Language Integrated Learning in Sweden : A report of the experiences of teachers who teach in an International Baccalaureate program and a standard program." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60166.

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This essay has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the differences between teaching in a CLIL program and in a standard program. The results of this research are based on the perceptions of five teachers working in both programs. These teachers participated in a semi-structured group interview where they were asked questions and were given the opportunity to develop the discussions among themselves. The results have shown that there are fewer differences between these two programs than I originally thought, but the differences that do exist were unexpected. All of the teachers w
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Tough, Susan. "Validation of two standard risk assessments (RRASOR, 1997; STATIC-99, 1999) on a sample of adult males who are developmentally disabled with significant cognitive deficits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58817.pdf.

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Fischer, Uli [Verfasser], and Eva [Akademischer Betreuer] Grill. "Der Einfluss von Gelenkkontrakturen auf die Funktionsfähigkeit und die soziale Teilhabe von älteren Menschen : Entwicklung eines Standard Sets auf Basis der Internationalen Klassifikation für Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) der WHO / Uli Fischer. Betreuer: Eva Grill." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070464775/34.

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Miller, Brooke Leigh. "Who decides what is smut? : local community standards and obscenity regulations /." Connect to resource, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242850658.

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Niño, Machado Natalia. "Growing right : unpacking the WHO Child Growth Standards Development and their implementation in Colombia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33267.

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Child growth reference charts have been used since the 1960s to assess children´s growth - enabling comparison of different population groups and the implementation of nutritional surveillance. In 2006, an important critical juncture occurred in the history of anthropometry and nutritional assessment, when the WHO released new growth charts for international comparison after promoting, since 1975, the use of the charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). According to the WHO, these charts indicate how children should grow for
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Jeannot, Lovemine. "Use of National and International Standards in Assessing the Growth and Nutritional Status of Rural Indian Children." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/317259.

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Public Health<br>M.S.<br>This study compares anthropometry of rural Indian schoolchildren using national and international reference values, and explores association between demographic and socioeconomic variables and growth measures among rural children. A cross-sectional survey of height, weight, and BMI was conducted among schoolchildren (5-16 years) in Gujarat, where there were pre-established contacts who could facilitate access to schools and data collection for this study. Gender- and age-specific Z-scores were obtained for 519 children (234 girls, 285 boys) based on Indian reference va
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Uhle, Thomas S. "Principals who exceed district standards improving outcomes for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5079.

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A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of school principals, who exceeded district standards on standardized performance evaluations, in providing effective educational programs for students with emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD) in an urban setting. The aim of this study was to identify common experiences, practices, or attitudes regarding students with EBD, and their teachers, among school principals who qualified for the study. Data was be collected through principal interviews. Data results were coded, organized, and analyzed using a systematic meth
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Books on the topic "WHO standard"

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WHO Scientific Group on International Acupuncture Nomenclature., ed. A Proposed standard international acupuncture nomenclature: Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization, 1991.

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Crigger, David. Making MIDI work by someone who does. Alexander Pub., 1988.

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Simmons, Beth A. Who adjusts?: Domestic sources of foreign economic policy during the interwar years. Princeton University Press, 1994.

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Bugarin, Alicia. Minimum wage: Who gets it and what difference does it make? California Research Bureau, 2002.

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McElwee, Neil. Standard Oil Co. men in the early oil region: A history of the nineteenth century Pennsylvania Standard Oil enterprises and the men who made them happen. Oil Creek Press, 2006.

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Wellner, Alison Stein. Who's buying for the home: Who spends how much on products and services for the home. New Strategist, 1996.

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Great Britain. Department of Health. Improving working lives standard: NHS employers committed to improving the working lives of people who work in the NHS. Department of Health, 2000.

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Organization, World Health, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Understanding the Codex Alimentarius. World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.

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United States. Congress. House. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for a standard of efficiency in the provision of home health services to Medicare beneficiaries and to reward those home health agencies who meet or exceed the standard, and for other purposes. [United States Government Printing Office], 1998.

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Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. Report of the nineteenth session of the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, Rome, 1-10 July 1991. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "WHO standard"

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Špelić, Ivana, Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić, and Anica Hursa Šajatović. "Who Creates Standards?" In Standard Methods for Thermal Comfort Assessment of Clothing. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429422997-6.

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Bharadwaj, Ashish, Vishwas H. Devaiah, and Indranath Gupta. "Jurisprudence Evolved in Cases Involving Standard Essential Patents." In Locating Legal Certainty in Patent Licensing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0181-4_3.

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AbstractSSO IPR Policies generally require two specific commitments from members who intend to submit their underlying technology toward standard development process. The undertaking provided by a prospective implementer to an SSO is that it will make full disclosures of the existing patents and any pending patent applications that are relevant toward the standards development process. SSO members pledging patents toward standard development process are also under an obligation to issue licenses to all implementer on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms.
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Adamson, Jack “Gus.” "Who Am I?: Identifying a Mystery Flying Boat through Archival Analysis and Site Formation Processes." In Strides Towards Standard Methodologies in Aeronautical Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40963-9_3.

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Mácha, Jakub. "Who Is Afraid of Truth Gaps? Wittgenstein and Kripke on the Standard Meter." In Engaging Kripke with Wittgenstein. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003240792-7.

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"THE INTERWAR GOLD STANDARD." In Who Adjusts? Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx5wb53.7.

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"Chapter 2. THE INTERWAR GOLD STANDARD." In Who Adjusts? Princeton University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691210124-005.

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"Lecturers who contributed to this volume." In Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8099(06)80081-8.

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Nado, Jennifer. "Who Wants to Know?" In Oxford Studies in Epistemology Volume 6. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833314.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that professional inquirers, including professional philosophers, are subject to special epistemic obligations which require them to meet higher standards than those that are required for knowing. Perhaps the most obvious examples come from the experimental sciences, where professionals are required to employ rigorous methodological procedures to reduce the risk of error and bias; procedures such as double-blinding are obligatory in many experimental contexts, but no parallel bias-reducing measures are generally expected in ordinary epistemic activity. To expect such would,
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Annas, George J. "She’s Going to Die: The Tragedy of Angela Carder." In Standard Of Care. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072471.003.0004.

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Abstract In his short story, “The Use of Force,” William Carlos Williams relates how a doctor (probably Williams himself) used extreme physical force to pry open the mouth of a recalcitrant child who, he suspected, had diphtheria that could only be diagnosed by viewing her throat. The little girl resists his coaxing, and when, with her fathers help, the doctor finally manages to jam the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth, the child opens her mouth just enough to crunch down on the blade to “reduce it to splinters.” The doctor becomes furious with the child, whose mouth is now bleeding a
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Moon, Beverly. "Aphrodite, Ancestor of king." In Goddesses Who Rule. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121308.003.0002.

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Abstract In ancient Greek art and literature the goddess Aphrodite is praised for her beauty and her power to awaken love. As the standard of feminine comeliness, many a beautiful woman was compared to her, Helen’s daughter, for example, the “rose-lipped Hermione, a girl like the palegold goddess Aphrodite” (Odyssey 4.14-15). Yet Aphrodite’s ability to awaken desire did not depend on beauty alone. She possessed a magical amulet covered with potent symbols that made the bearer irresistible: “the passion of sex is there; and the whispered endearment that steals the heart away, even from the thou
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Conference papers on the topic "WHO standard"

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Enger, Thomas E. "Who Says I Can’T Blast This Way! Regulations & Standards Affecting Safe Abrasive Blasting." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2008. SSPC, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2008-00019.

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Employers understand the protection of their workforce and the general public is one of the most important ingredients to a successful business, the complexity of providing this safe and environmentally sound work environment becomes mind-boggling. Since 1970 the primary reference in determining the minimum safety and environmental standards in the workplace has been the Occupational Safety &amp; and Health Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency mandated by Title 29 and 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations. These regulations incorporate thousands of standards from hundreds of
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Eden, D. A., and G. P. Quirk. "Reference Electrodes in Plant Corrosion Monitoring-Who Needs Them?" In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01303.

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Abstract Laboratory corrosion studies can utilize standard reference electrodes to good effect. However, the “real-life” plant, corrosion monitoring, situation often involves process conditions where reference electrodes are impractical or difficult to use satisfactorily. Electrochemical techniques can use either two- or three- identical “working” electrode arrangements, enabling simultaneous monitoring of current and potential at the free corrosion potential. Benefits and experiences of corrosion measurement without reference electrodes are reviewed.
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Vatne, Jeff, and Regina Verdolin. "Difficulties in the Use of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11112.

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Abstract From 1975 to 2003, guidelines and latest industry practices to avoid sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in upstream H2S-containing services have been published in NACE Standard MR0175. Over those years, many changes have been made to the standard, culminating in its evolution to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 seven years ago. However, there have been difficulties for Owner/Operators in the application of this latest standard, and for vendors in meeting its requirements. As a result, there are those who are choosing to invoke NACE MR0175-20021, instead. This paper will discuss some of the reasons wh
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Bauman, Tim. "Why Hire an Independent, Third-party Inspector on High Performance Coatings Projects?" In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18101.

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Abstract If you are an experienced coatings individual this presentation might bore you. I am just giving you fair warning because this presentation is geared to those of you who are NOT knowledgeable in this industry. By that I mean owners, engineers, or architect and people who have no real coatings experience. Hiring an independent 3rd party coatings inspector should be written into the coating specifications of all high-performance coatings’ projects because of the complexity inherent in this industry; particularly in the complexity in the standards which govern a project’s successful comp
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Melhuish, Darren, John Wegand, and Michael Evans. "Coefficient of Friction, the Development of a Standard Portable Device for the US Naval Fleet." In SSPC 2007. SSPC, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2007-00061.

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Abstract Operational and maintenance requirements have required improved decking systems, particularly non-skid, to be incorporated within the US Navy. For those who have experienced rough seas and foul weather, the importance of good non-skid (or slip resistant) deck coverings on weather decks becomes very apparent. But what defines “good” may be easier to qualify rather than quantify. This is directly related to the methodologies employed to evaluate slip resistance of these surfaces and other deck systems. Numerous devices exist to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) for flooring, roa
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DeVilbiss, Jerome L. "A Web-Based FRP Equipment Specifications Generation Tool." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00554.

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Abstract This new website allows a specifying engineer anywhere in the world to enter information for FRP equipment, and then, with the stroke of a key, generate and retrieve a complete set of FRP equipment specifications in industry-standard CSI format. This information includes project information, equipment information, process chemistry data, standards information, other special requirements, etc. Bid documents may also be created. The specifications and documents are delivered via email in rich text format (.rtf) which enables the user to make any final changes. This website enables engin
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Schniedermann, Alexander. "Who writes what? The academic age patterns of review genres in biomedicine." In 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023). International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55835/6441b6d076bb0bb2c9ff4c15.

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The recent rise in attempts to standardize biomedical review articles promises to counteract some of the unintended consequences of today's evaluative culture in academia. Insights about the users and early adopters of standardizations can be valuable in steering attempts for further dissemination and implementation of standards. This study uses bibliometric data to track and characterize the users of the PRISMA reporting standard for systematic reviews in terms of their academic age. It shows how especially early career researchers are prominent users of PRISMA and are among the first users o
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Atar, Funda, Fatma Ozkan Sipahioglu, Filiz Karaca Akaslan, Eda Macit Aydin, Evginar Sezer, and Derya Ozkan. "EP154 Rebound pain incidence and related factors in patients who received standard multimodal analgesia protocol." In ESRA Abstracts, 41st Annual ESRA Congress, 4–7th September 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2024-esra.227.

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Jirovský, Václav. "Human vs. Automation - Who Drives the Future?" In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-acm-044.

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Human species is currently standing on a junction, where it shall decide how it will further develop new technologies. Within the rapid technological evolution during last hundred years, human was designing technology to support him in many challenges - to lift heavier things, to reach further distances, to heal more people. With introduction of IT technologies, numerous visionary high-tech solutions entered homes. High capacity modern communication technologies allow human not only to share large amount of data, but also not to share any information - people share bytes, but according to soci
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Darin, Ticianne, Rossana Andrade, and Jaime Sánchez. "SLUP: A Standard List of Usability Problems in Multimodal Video Games designed for People Who Are Blind." In XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ihc.2018.4231.

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This paper summarizes the proposal and validation of the Standard List of Usability Problems (SLUP), a categorized list of typical problems affecting the interaction of people who are blind with audio- and haptic-based multimodal video games. SLUP can help designers to avoid recurrent usability issues in the design of multimodal games for users who are blind. Besides, evidence decurrent from user tests showed that SLUP may be further expanded and used as a ground to develop specific usability evaluation instruments.
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Reports on the topic "WHO standard"

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Abrigo, Michael, Edmar Lingatong, and Charlotte Marjorie Relos. School Bullying Contributes to Lower PISA Achievement among Filipino Students: Who Gets Bullied? Why Does It Matter? Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.45.

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The Philippines has one of the highest school bullying rates in the world. While its nature, causes, and impacts are well-documented in the international literature, local evidence remains limited and at times conflicting. This study assesses the contribution of bullying exposure to student achievement in a large-scale international student assessment and infers its potential long-term implications. Differences in bullying exposure explain around 0.05 standard deviations of the gap in average student achievement between proficient and nonproficient students, which could potentially cost the Ph
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Bruce, Bill, Bill Amend, Geoff Rogers, and Yong-Yi Wang. PR-186-124502-R01 Guidelines for Interpretation and Application of API 1104 Twenty-First Edition. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010563.

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The application of requirements contained in many industry codes and standards requires some interpretation by the user and by the regulator who is called upon to enforce their use. The objective of this project was to update the PRCI guidance document for API Standard 1104 - Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities - for the recently published Twenty-first Edition of the standard and to further develop the document. The use of this document will allow users and regulators to better understand the intent regarding interpretation of some requirements in API 1104, the rationale behind the req
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Gould, Melissa, Matt Boring, and Bill Bruce. PR186-234503-E01 Summary of Substantive Changes between API 1104 Twenty-first and Twenty-second Editions. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0000135.

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The application of requirements contained in many industry codes and standards requires some interpretation by the user and by the regulator who is called upon to enforce their use. There are often differences in the way requirements are interpreted because of unclear rationale behind the requirements or novel or non-traditional applications. Some industry codes and standards contain guidance in the form of commentary sections or companion documents. This is not the case for API Standard 1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities, where requests for interpretation are common because of
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Constatine, Aloyce, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Quality of Sample Testing in the Laboratory Unit: Current Situation and Strategies for Improvement. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317446.

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The purpose of this study was to understand the status quo of quality sample testing in the laboratory unit. A quantitative research method was used. An extensive laboratory documents (protocol, worksheets, laboratory analytical plan, standard operating procedures and manuals) review was performed and a networking approach to both management and lab staff at all levels was reviewed in order to identify all non-conformities occurred in the past three years. Results identified 36 number of results deviated from reference standards among different test performed, 400 number of samples lost, the n
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Bruce, Amend, and Wang. L52306 Guidelines for Interpretation and Application of API 1104. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010007.

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The application of requirements contained in many industry codes and standards requires some interpretation by the user and by the regulator who is called upon to enforce their use. There are often differences in the way requirements are interpreted because of unclear rationale behind the requirements or novel or non-traditional applications. Some industry codes and standards contain guidance in the form of commentary sections or companion documents. This is not the case for API Standard 1104 - Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities, where requests for interpretation are common because of
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Dvorianyn, Paraskoviya. UNDERSTANDING THE STANDARD: SEARCHING FOR NEW RULES IN WAR JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12146.

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Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has changed the media landscape not only in Ukraine but also around the world. The established standards that journalists have been using in their work for a long time need to be revised and adapted to the new conditions. The article analyzes the challenges that Ukrainian journalists have to overcome in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. A comparative analysis of standards and rules for covering events in peacetime and wartime is presented. The essence of the new terms for standards that have been used in Ukraine during the full-scale war is revea
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Timmons, Shane, Ylva Andersson, Maria Lee, and Pete Lunn. What is preventing individual climate action? Impact awareness and perceived difficulties in changing transport and food behaviour. ESRI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs186.

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Mitigating climate change requires large and, by historical standards, rapid changes to policy, business processes and individual behaviour. This report examines awareness of and perceived difficulty with individual behaviour change with respect to two actions associated with high levels of emissions: transport and food choice. A nationally representative sample of 1,200 adults completed an online study about everyday transport and food behaviour, run in September 2023. After completing a diary task about the previous day, participants identified the parts of their day that mattered most for t
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Leaver, Clare, Owen Ozier, Pieter Serneels, and Andrew Zeitlin. Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/048.

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This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay-for-performance (P4P). At the recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned to a pay-for-percentile or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits were placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed, so that some teachers who applied for a fixed-wage contract ended up being paid by P4P, and vice versa. By the second year of the study, the within-year effort effect of P4P was 0.16 standard deviations of pupil learning, with the
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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student compo
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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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Abstract:
We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student compo
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