Academic literature on the topic 'Whole tree harvest'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Whole tree harvest.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Whole tree harvest"
1
Cline, Michael L., Benjamin F. Hoffman, Michael Cyr, and William Bragg. "Stand Damage Following Whole-Tree Partial Cutting in Northern Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 2 (1991): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.2.72.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Eighteen mechanically harvested, partially cut hard- and mixed-wood stands in New England were examined to determine the extent of logging damage. Frequency of crop tree damage averaged 9.6%. Tree injury, both incidence and severity, was not related to location relative to skid trails or landings. Variations in damage level between sites was not explained by numbers of trees per acre, size of trees, or basal area prior to or after harvest, but cover type, rockiness, and season of harvest in combination accounted for a small part of the site-to-site differences. Residual stand damage appeared to be most influenced by the care in harvest planning and the experience of the equipment operators. North. J. Appl. For. 8(2):72-76.
2
Bird, G. A., and L. Chatarpaul. "Effect of whole-tree and conventional forest harvest on soil microarthropods." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 9 (1986): 1986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-299.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of whole-tree and conventional harvest on soil microarthropods, Collembola and Acari, was investigated in a mixed conifer–hardwood forest on the Canadian Shield. Harvesting had a major effect on their populations which declined to 56 and 68% of those on the uncut plot for the whole-tree and conventional harvest plots, respectively. Species composition was unaffected by harvesting although there were shifts in dominance. Total numbers of microarthropods and numbers of Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Mesostigmata found on the uncut plot were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than on harvested plots. Slightly higher (P > 0.05) numbers of Collembola were recorded from the conventional harvest plot than the uncut plot. Oribatei, Prostigmata, and Collembola were more abundant (P < 0.01) on the conventional harvest plot than the whole-tree harvest plot. Of the two forest harvesting methods, conventional harvest had a lesser impact on soil microarthropods. Because the forest soil fauna is intimately involved in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil formation, our findings suggest that long-term site productivity will be greater following conventional harvest than whole-tree harvest.
3
McMinn, James W. "Whole-Tree Harvesting Affects Pine Regeneration and Hardwood Competition." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 2 (1985): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/9.2.81.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mixed upland hardwood-pine stands of low quality in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were whole-tree harvested to 1-inch and 4-inch diameter limits in both winter and summer. Natural pine regeneration and hardwood sprouting were observed two growing seasons after harvesting. Early pine establishment was generally successful after winter harvesting but not after summer harvesting. Pine regeneration was excellent following the 1-inch winter harvest and acceptable following the 4-inch winter harvest. The treatment resulting in the best pine regeneration also produced the greatest coverage of hardwood sprouts.1
4
Conrad, Joseph L., and Joseph Dahlen. "Productivity and Cost of Processors in Whole-Tree Harvesting Systems in Southern Pine Stands." Forest Science 65, no. 6 (2019): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz036.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractLogging businesses in the US South have not adopted cut-to-length harvesting systems. Adding dangle head processors on the landing of whole-tree harvesting systems may allow southern loggers to achieve some of the advantages of cut-to-length systems (i.e., precise length and diameter measurements) while maintaining high productivity and low costs per ton characteristic of current whole-tree systems. We conducted a designed study of conventional (i.e., feller-buncher, grapple skidder, loader) and processor (i.e., feller-buncher, grapple skidder, processor, loader) systems. Four harvest sites were split, with half of each site harvested by a conventional system and the other half by a processor system. Harvesting productivity was estimated using time-and-motion studies, and costs were estimated using the machine rate method. Cut-and-load costs averaged US$13.57 and US$14.67 ton–1 on the processor and conventional harvests, respectively (P > .10). Cost per ton was elevated on several conventional harvest tracts because of long skidding distances, indicating harvest planning is more important than harvesting system in determining harvesting costs. Processing and loading costs were US$1.70 ton–1 higher on processor harvests, which, combined with restrictive mill quotas being more problematic for processor crews, suggests loggers will require a logging rate premium in order to invest in processors.
5
Hendrickson, O. Q., L. Chatarpaul, and D. Burgess. "Nutrient cycling following whole-tree and conventional harvest in northern mixed forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 6 (1989): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-112.
Full textAbstract:
Soil and water chemistry and soil-respiration activity were studied in a mature, mixed conifer and hardwood forest and in adjacent whole-tree harvest (WTH) and conventional harvest (CH) areas dominated by hardwood sprouts. Compared with the uncut mature forest, forest floor contents of N and K were lower in the WTH area 3 years after harvest; Ca and Mg were higher in the CH area, probably owing to inputs in logging slash. Mineral soil Ca and pH were higher in the harvested areas than in the uncut area. During the 2nd year after harvest, cation concentrations in forest floor leachate varied in the order WTH > CH > uncut area, but differences largely disappeared the next year. Soil water NO3 concentrations were slightly elevated in the CH area, but only 1.6 kg N•ha−1•year−1 leached below the rooting zone. Bulk precipitation K and Mg concentrations were lower in the WTH area than in the CH area owing to the loss of canopy leaching from the residual stand. Slightly higher amounts of cations were found in the snowpack under the mature forest canopy. Midwinter rains caused movement of NO3 and H within the snowpack. Despite the higher soil-respiration rates in the harvested areas, no differences in soil organic matter pools were observed relative to the uncut area; harvest-related inputs of slash, decaying roots, and stumps may have offset respiratory carbon losses. Current high nutrient demands of rapidly growing sprouts in the WTH area greatly exceed nutrient inputs in bulk precipitation; this may lead to future growth declines.
6
McMinn, James W., Alexander Clark, and Tommy J. Loggins. "Predicting Residuals by Stand Condition and Type of Harvest." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 3 (1988): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.3.190.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In mixed pine-hardwood stands in central Georgia, the tonnage of all trees not designated for harvest accounted for 89% of the variation in tonnage of standing residuals after conventional harvesting. Standing residuals weighed 5.4 to 29.3 tons/ac after conventional harvests, but an additional 2 to 13 tons of broken and uprooted material and 1 to 8 tons of hardwood tops would hinder recovery. A whole-tree system, for which small stems were harvested first, recovered 16 to 43 tons/ac, which was 56 to 94% more material than would have been left standing after conventional harvest of the same areas. South. J. Appl. For. 12(3):190-193.
7
Ring, Eva, Staffan Jacobson, Gunnar Jansson, and Lars Högbom. "Effects of whole-tree harvest on soil-water chemistry at five conifer sites in Sweden." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 3 (2017): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0338.
Full textAbstract:
Logging residues, such as tops and branches, can provide a useful biofuel for large-scale energy production. However, increasing the harvest intensity may affect the soil nutrient stores and water quality. Here, effects on soil-water chemistry after stem-only and whole-tree harvesting were investigated using data from five experimental sites in Sweden, representing medium- to high-fertility sites. They were located in recharge areas on mineral soil and harvested between the years 1995 and 2001. Soil-water samples had previously been collected from below the main part of the root zone in study plots subjected to stem-only or whole-tree harvest. Soil-water chemistry data from the five sites were jointly analyzed by ANOVA using seasonal mean concentrations from the first six seasons after clear-cutting. The concentrations of NO3–-N, K+, and Mg2+were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two harvest regimes, indicating lower levels after whole-tree harvest than after stem-only harvest. No significant differences were detected for electrical conductivity, pH, or the concentrations of NH4+-N, Al, Ca2+, SO42–-S, and Cl–. Measurements at one site suggested that the logging residues left on the ground increased the influx of Cl–to the soil. Simple budget calculations indicated that the nutrient export by logging-residue harvest was greater than the export by leaching during the regeneration phase.
8
Joelsson, Di Fulvio, De La Fuente, Bergström, and Athanassiadis. "Integrated supply of stemwood and residual biomass to forest-based biorefineries." International Journal of Forest Engineering 27, no. 2 (2016): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2016.1184955.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for forest biomass as raw material for a wide range of products in the developing bioeconomy is expected to increase. Along with a constant pressure on forestry to increase its productivity, this development has led to the search for new procurement methods and new assortments. The present study assessed innovative supply chain practices, with a particular focus on the integrated supply of stemwood and residual tree parts. The assortments considered included tree sections, long tops, saw logs with stump cores and small whole trees from thinnings. The assessment included geographically explicit modelling of the supply chain operations and estimation of supply cost and energy use for three industrial locations in Northern Sweden. The innovative supply chains were compared to conventional, separate, harvest of stemwood and logging residues. We conclude that integrated harvest of tops and branches with stemwood assortments, as well as whole-tree harvest in early thinnings, has a significant potential to reduce the supply cost for the non-stemwood assortments. Stump wood generally remains the most expensive assortment. The energy use analysis confirms earlier research showing that the energy input is relatively small compared to the energy content of the harvested feedstock.ABBREVIATIONSBWT, bundled whole trees; CTL, cut-to-length; ET, energy thinning; FF, final felling; FT, first thinning; LR, logging residues; LT long tops; ORN, Örnsköldsvik; PCT, pre-commercial thinning; PL, pulpwood; RS, roughly delimbed tree sections; SEK, Swedish currency; SFA, Swedish Forest Agency; SL, sawlogs; SNFI, Swedish National Forest Inventory; SP, stumps; SPC stump core; ST, second thinning; STO, Storuman; UME Umeå; WT, whole small trees;
9
Hendrickson, O. Q. "Biomass and nutrients in regenerating woody vegetation following whole-tree and conventional harvest in a northern mixed forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 11 (1988): 1427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-221.
Full textAbstract:
Biomass and nutrient contents of regenerating woody plants and litter fall were measured after a northern mixed conifer–hardwood forest was harvested by conventional and whole-tree methods. Before harvest, the central Ontario study site was occupied by a 95-year-old pine (Pinusresinosa, P. strobus) and aspen (Populustremuloides, P. grandidentata) stand growing on gently rolling, gravel-free outwash sands. Four years after harvest, aspen abundance increased 100-fold in both harvested areas, with higher densities after whole-tree harvest (WTH) (4.1 stems/m2) than after conventional harvest (CH) (2.7 stems/m2). No self-thinning of aspen occurred between 2 and 4 years after harvest. Total aboveground woody biomass accumulated at 2.0 t•ha−1•year−1 in the WTH area and 1.5 t•ha−1•year−1 in the CH area; the preharvest rate was 2.0 t•ha−1•year−1. Peak autumn litter production occurred earlier in the harvested areas than in an adjacent uncut area. Cycling of N and K in litter fall returned to preharvest rates after 4 years. Cycling of Ca in litter fall was lower after WTH than after CH. Vegetation uptake of N and K (litter fall plus woody biomass) in the harvested areas in year 4 exceeded the preharvest value. Increased N accumulation in woody biomass (3.0 kg•ha−1•year−1 before harvest, 10.6 kg•ha−1•year−1 after WTH) would place a relatively greater demand on forest floor N pools in the WTH than in the CH area owing to lack of N input in logging slash. Although WTH did not reduce initial rates of biomass production, Populus spp. had lower concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg in the WTH area than in the CH area. There may be a danger that WTH on less fertile sites in the region will produce dense, unproductive aspen stands with low rates of self-thinning.
10
Smith Jr., C. T., M. L. McCormack Jr., J. W. Hornbeck, and C. W. Martin. "Nutrient and biomass removals from a red spruce – balsam fir whole-tree harvest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 2 (1986): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-065.
Full textAbstract:
A mechanized whole-tree harvest was conducted on a watershed in central Maine dominated by Picearubens Sarg. and Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. The harvest removal and redistribution of biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were estimated and evaluated with respect to estimates of site nutrient reserves. Regression equations were developed to estimate the nutrient contents and ovendry weight of the aboveground components of the Picearubens and Abiesbalsamea. Unit area estimates of nutrient and biomass removals were based on the application of the regression equations to a tally of all trees on twelve 0.04-ha square plots. Unit area estimates were made of exchangeable and total nutrients contained in the forest floor and glacial till above a hardpan. The harvest removed 90% of the biomass, 91 % of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, and 90% of the magnesium in the above-stump portions of the forest. These removals were from two to four times the amount of nutrients that would have been removed by a bole-only harvest, while increasing biomass removals by 1.4 times. The nutrients removed by the harvest were between 0.1 and 5% of the total soil reserves. Nutrient removals are evaluated in the context of three commonly used evaluation approaches: static comparisons of nutrient pools, nutrient input–output budgets, and computer simulation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Whole tree harvest"
1
Caruso, Alexandro. "Lichen diversity on stems, slash, and stumps in managed boreal forests : impact of whole-tree harvest /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001675/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008.<br>Includes reprints of four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially available electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks reprints of four papers and manuscripts.
2
Debruler, Daniel Gary. "Soil Carbon, Nutrients, and Phosphorus Fractions: Responses to Weed Control and Harvest Residual Retention in two 10-Year-Old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Stands of the Pacific Northwest." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50486.
Full textAbstract:
Intensive forest management techniques such as whole-tree harvesting and use of herbicides to control weeds can have an effect on nutrient cycling and nutrient pool sizes in the mineral soil. This study was conducted to measure differences in soil carbon (C), nutrient pools, or phosphorus (P) fractions associated with harvest-intensity (bole-only vs. whole-tree harvest) and weed-control treatments (initial weed control vs. five years of annual weed control) after ten years. Soil C, nitrogen (N), and P, and exchangeable calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and Hedley P fractions were measured prior to treatment establishment and after ten years in two Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantations in the Pacific Northwest. We observed increases in most nutrient concentrations with initial weed control compared with annual weed control at Matlock, with opposite trends at Molalla. Exchangeable Ca and Mg content showed responses to weed control treatments. Harvesting treatments had no significant effects on soil C and nutrient pools at either site. Total P and many of the Hedley P fractions decreased over time, but these effects were ameliorated with the less-intensive initial-weed-control-only treatment at Matlock and the more-intensive annual-weed-control at Molalla. Ten-year responses suggest that harvesting intensity has not impacted potential for maintaining soil C and nutrient pools, with the exception of P, for long-term productivity. Knowledge of the on-site vegetative communities and their role in nutrient cycling is required to anticipate what effect weed control might have on nutrient pools through ensuing stand development.<br>Master of Science
3
Olofsson, Jonas. "Base cations in forest soils : A pilot project to evaluate different extraction methods." Thesis, Institutionen för mark och miljö, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-308442.
Full textAbstract:
The acidification has been a known problem in Sweden for several decades. Sulphurous compounds, spread from the British Isles and the European continent led to a decrease in the pH-value of the rain that fell over Sweden. Since the acidification was discovered in the 1960s, active measures against the sulphurous deposition have been undertaken. The sulphurous deposition has decreased by 90 %, and the problem was for some time considered under control, until recently when a new era of the acidification may have started. Due to the increased demand of renewable energy, and Sweden’s potential to use biomass instead of fossil fuels, whole tree harvesting has been more utilized. Studies indicate that the forest soils are depleted in base cations in a faster rate when whole tree harvesting is performed compared to regular stem harvesting. Mass balance calculations and simulations indicate that an increased bio uptake of base cations due to whole tree harvesting leads to an increased biological acidification. However, although many studies agree that the impact of the whole tree harvest on the base cation supply of the soils is significant, long running Swedish experiments indicate that the difference between whole tree harvesting and regular stem harvesting diminishes over time. After a 40 year period, the difference in base cation supply between whole tree harvested soils and stem harvested soils are small. The reason for this could be different processes that reallocate base cations from different pools, which are not usually studied. The aim has been to investigate and evaluate different chemical extraction methods (Aqua Regia, HCl, EDTA, BaCl2, NH4OAc and water) capability to extract the base cations calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium from four different Swedish forest soils and what this means for our understanding of how much base cations a soil contains. The extractions indicated that there is a statistical significant difference between the methods ability to extract base cations. Generally Aqua Regia was the most potent method, followed by HCl, EDTA, BaCl2, NH4OAc and water in decreasing order of effectiveness to extract the base cations. Linear correlations were found between EDTA, BaCl2 and NH4OAc. The internationally widely used method NH4OAc was considered to be at risk of underestimating the amount of base cations in the soil.<br>Försurningsproblematiken har länge varit ett känt problem i Sverige. Svavelhaltiga föroreningar som spreds från de brittiska öarna och den europeiska kontinenten ledde till att pH-värdet i regnet som föll över Sverige sjönk. Sedan upptäckten på 60-talet har aktiva åtgärder vidtagits mot utsläppen vilket har lett till en minskning av de försurande föroreningarna med 90 %. På grund av den stora utsläppsreduktionen som skett ansågs försurningsproblematiken vara under kontroll, tills nyligen då en ny etapp av för- surningen kan ha påbörjats. På grund av den ökande efterfrågan av förnyelsebar energi, i kombination med Sveriges stora skogstillgångar, har helträdsskörd av träd blivit alltmer nyttjad. Studier visar att markens baskatjonförråd utarmas i större utsträckning av helträdsskörd, då även grenar, rötter och toppar tas om hand jämfört med vanlig stamskörd då endast stammen tas med från skogen. Massbalanssimuleringar antyder att ett ökat bioupptag av baskatjoner på grund av helträdsskörd leder till en ökad biologisk försurning. Trots att många studier är överens om helträdsskördens inverkan på markens innehåll av baskatjoner visar lång- liggande försök i Sverige att skillnaderna mellan uttag av hela träd och stamved minskar med tiden. Efter en period på 40 år återstår endast små skillnader mellan avverknings- metoderna. Orsakerna till varför mätningarna och massbalansberäkningarna och simuleringarna inte stämmer överens kan vara många, t.ex. att det finns processer som kan omfördela baskatjoner från de som vanligtvis studeras. Syftet har varit att undersöka och utvärdera olika kemiska extraktionsmetoders (Aqua Regia, HCl, EDTA, BaCl2, NH4OAc och vatten) förmåga att extrahera baskatjonerna kalcium, kalium, magnesium och natrium från fyra olika skogsjordar i Sverige och vad resultaten betyder för vår uppfattning av mängden baskatjoner i marken. Extraktionerna visade att en statistiskt signifikant skillnad fanns mellan metodernas förmåga att extrahera de olika baskatjonerna. Generellt var Aqua Regia den metod som extraherade den största mängden baskatjoner, HCl, EDTA, BaCl2, NH4OAc och vatten följde i fallande ordning efter förmåga att extrahera baskatjonerna. Linjära korrelationer mellan EDTA, BaCl2 och NH4OAc upptäcktes. Den internationellt ofta använda metodiken för att extrahera baskatjoner, NH4OAc, ansågs riskera att underskatta mängden baskatjoner i marken.
Books on the topic "Whole tree harvest"
1
Milton, G. Randy. Amphibian and small mammal captures on conventional clearcut and whole-tree harvested sites. St. Mary's River Forestry-Wildlife Project, Canadian Institute of Forestry, c/o N.S. Dept. of Natural Resources, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Whole tree harvest"
1
"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by John D. Koehn. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch10.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em> .—The collection and use of data to manage the freshwater fisheries of Australia’s Murray–Darling basin (MDB) has a poor history of success. While there was limited assessment data for early subsistence and commercial fisheries, even after more robust data became available during the 1950s its quality varied across jurisdictions and was often poorly collated, assessments were not completed, and the data were underutilized by management. The fishery for Murray Cod <em>Maccullochella peelii </em> is given as an example, where the fishery declined to the point of closure and then the decline continued to the extent that Murray Cod was listed as a threatened species and all harvest now only occurs through the recreational fishery. Lessons from such poor population assessments have not been fully learned, however, as there remains a paucity of harvest data for this recreational fishery. Without a proper assessment, a true economic valuation of this fishery has not been made. As the MDB is Australia’s food bowl, there are competing demands for water use by agriculture, and without a proper assessment of the worth of the fishery, it is difficult for Murray Cod to be truly considered in either economic or sociopolitical discussions. The poor state of MDB rivers and their fish populations (including Murray Cod) has, however, resulted in political pressure for the development of the sustainable rivers audit, a common assessment method for riverine environmental condition monitoring. This audit undertakes standardized sampling for fish and a range of other variables at a number of fixed and randomly selected sites on a 3-year rotating basis. While the sustainable rivers audit has provided a range of data indicating that the condition of rivers is generally very poor, these data have yet to be fully utilized to determine the potential state of the fisheries (such as Murray Cod) or to set targets for rehabilitation, such as for environmental flows. While, to date, data analyses have been somewhat restricted by fiscal constraints, more comprehensive use of data, together with full fishery valuations, should be seen as the way forward for improved management.
2
"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by John D. Koehn. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch10.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em> .—The collection and use of data to manage the freshwater fisheries of Australia’s Murray–Darling basin (MDB) has a poor history of success. While there was limited assessment data for early subsistence and commercial fisheries, even after more robust data became available during the 1950s its quality varied across jurisdictions and was often poorly collated, assessments were not completed, and the data were underutilized by management. The fishery for Murray Cod <em>Maccullochella peelii </em> is given as an example, where the fishery declined to the point of closure and then the decline continued to the extent that Murray Cod was listed as a threatened species and all harvest now only occurs through the recreational fishery. Lessons from such poor population assessments have not been fully learned, however, as there remains a paucity of harvest data for this recreational fishery. Without a proper assessment, a true economic valuation of this fishery has not been made. As the MDB is Australia’s food bowl, there are competing demands for water use by agriculture, and without a proper assessment of the worth of the fishery, it is difficult for Murray Cod to be truly considered in either economic or sociopolitical discussions. The poor state of MDB rivers and their fish populations (including Murray Cod) has, however, resulted in political pressure for the development of the sustainable rivers audit, a common assessment method for riverine environmental condition monitoring. This audit undertakes standardized sampling for fish and a range of other variables at a number of fixed and randomly selected sites on a 3-year rotating basis. While the sustainable rivers audit has provided a range of data indicating that the condition of rivers is generally very poor, these data have yet to be fully utilized to determine the potential state of the fisheries (such as Murray Cod) or to set targets for rehabilitation, such as for environmental flows. While, to date, data analyses have been somewhat restricted by fiscal constraints, more comprehensive use of data, together with full fishery valuations, should be seen as the way forward for improved management.
3
Ntewusu, Samuel Aniegye. "‘Appealing for Grace’, The Guinea Corn Festival of the Nawuris of Northern Ghana." In Focus on World Festivals. Goodfellow Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-55-5-3022.
Full textAbstract:
Festivals are recurrent celebrations and often with ritual events and meanings. Festivals reveal something of the identity, values and world views of the community or ethnic group that celebrates them (Szabó, 2015). Festive occasions involve local residents and visitors. In Ghana, there are several festivals celebrated by different ethnic groups. For example the people of Accra, the capital of Ghana, celebrate the Homowo festival, which is a festival that literally ‘hoots at hunger’. The festival was initiated following a bumper harvest after years of famine and hunger. The people of Akropong, Akwapim in the eastern region of Ghana celebrate the Odwira festival. It is a festival that enables the people to purify ancestral stools 2 and spiritually cleanse the towns and villages in and around Akropong. In the same way the people of Cape Coast also celebrate the Fetu Afahye festival, which is a multi-purpose festival that marks cleansing of the people of Cape Coast from a plague in pre-colonial times. The festival also celebrates an abundant harvest of fish from the sea and offers the opportunity for the people in the area to thank the seventy-seven deities of the Cape Coast for their protection over the years (Opoku 1970). The Ewe people of Anlo, in the Volta Region of Ghana, celebrate a festival called Hogbetsotso. It is a migration festival that tells the story of the escape of a group of Ewes from one of their tyrannical rulers, King Agokoli. The Dagomba people of the Northern Region celebrate the Bugum or fire festival. Local traditions provide two explanations for the festival. The first credits the origin of the festival to the Prophet Noah whose Ark docked on Mount Ararat. Local historians claim that after the floods the occupants of the Ark came out with torches to find their way out and around. The second version indicates that at a point in the history of the Dagomba people a king lost his son. The king assembled his warriors who composed a search party. They finally found the son in the night sleeping under a tree. Because they managed to find him using torches made from grass, the king decreed that every year the event should be celebrated with torches made from grass.
4
Dalton, David R. "Yeasts." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0029.
Full textAbstract:
The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a fungus, one of the group of eukaryotes (organisms with membrane- enclosed organelles and nuclei in their cells) that lie on that branch of the tree of life that, as shown in Figure 18.1, includes plants and animals. Many years of debate preceded their notation as a separate branch on the tree while advocates forcing them into either plant or animal families battled. Thus, although the cell walls of yeast are strikingly similar to plants (save that yeasts utilize N-acetylglucosamine and related nitrogenous carbohydrate polymers [chitin-like] in place of polyphenols [lignin] for cross linking), it is clear that chloroplasts, common to plants, are missing. Similarly, while their organization and food disposition is similar to animals, the very presence of a cell wall, rather than a simple membrane, forces their exclusion from the family of animals. Of course, all life utilizes the same set of purine and pyrimidine bases bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose carbohydrate and amino acids. So while classifications are necessary, they may also be specious. A generic eukaryotic cell and a plant cell (seen before in Figure 7.1) are shown in Figure 18.2. Hundreds of yeasts and strains of those yeasts are available for use in the wine industry for fermenting the must obtained on crushing the grapes. Some of the yeasts are referred to as “wild” and are brought in with the grapes from the vineyard. Others, originally “wild,” have been isolated and maintained because it is held that their use adds value to the vintage. Indeed, it is here that a great deal of experience is required. Generally, the vintner has a good idea of the amount of sugar (measured as glucose) in the grapes harvested. However, different strains of yeast (some 1500 yeast species, including S. cerevisiae are a subgroup of 700,000 or so fungi), while probably processing glucose in the same way, will also process other sugars too and, in that vein, there are other issues to be faced.
5
Lorbiecki, Marybeth. "The Farmer as Conservationist … and Restorationist." In A Fierce Green Fire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0026.
Full textAbstract:
The farm lies about two hours away from the Shack but only historic inches away in concept. In the Driftless region of southwest Wisconsin, it bears upon it some of the beautiful contoured crop swirls of Coon Valley, telltale marks of Leopold’s influence. New Forest Farm, started by Mark and Jen Shepard, is restoration agriculture in action. The farm asks the land to do what it is tailored by nature to do best and then trains it artfully, holistically, and prodigiously for personal, natural, and commercial use. From the sky, it looks like a child’s fingerpainting in green, with curlycues and waves of varying shades, dotted with treetop spheres, winding around ridges and swells. Lovely, biologically diverse, and drought resistant. It has pocket ponds with connective rain-irrigation swales cut into the contours following gradual lines of gravity to disperse captured moisture into the roots and soil for storage. In the face of the worst drought since 1933, this farm stood out lush and lively, though the chestnuts, hazelnuts, and fruit trees produced a reduced harvest, saving their energies for survival. On the spring day we visited, three new shaggy, fawn-colored Highland cattle had just arrived—a mother, son, and calf—along with some new solar-powered electric fencing for pasturing paddocks. “The animals get to know the whole thing,” says Peter Allen, the land manager in his early thirties who expounds on the sequential grazing of the cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, and turkeys. “They stay for a day in the paddock, and they’re ready to move on to the next when we open the gates.” A PhD student from UW-Madison’s Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Allen is applying precepts of wildlife and land ecology to the emerging field of restoration agriculture. He’s also a warm host and knowledgeable tour guide, handing out exciting details like the intoxicating cider made here.
Conference papers on the topic "Whole tree harvest"
1
KLAVINS, Ivars, Arta BARDULE, and Zane LIBIETE. "CHANGES IN MACRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL SOLUTION FOLLOWING REGENERATION FELLING IN PINE AND SPRUCE STANDS: WHOLE-TREE HARVESTING VERSUS STEM-ONLY HARVESTING." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.172.
Full textAbstract:
While conventional forest management in boreal and hemiboreal conditions has traditionally been targeted to use and enhance mainly provisioning services like timber production, the main goal of national and European forest policy is to ensure sustainable management of European forests in all aspects. Regeneration felling is a major disturbance in boreal and hemiboreal forests resulting in significant increase of organic matter on the forest floor in the form of logging residues (bark, small branches, tree tops) and severed roots (in case of stump harvesting), and can increase the risk of nutrient leaching. Recently, concern about the effect of forest management impact on macronutrient leaching potentially decreasing nutrient availability for the next forest generations and causing deterioration of water quality has been raised. In 2011, three objects to study the impact of different intensity regeneration felling (stem-only harvesting and whole-tree harvesting) were established in scientific research forests in Kalsnava forest district, eastern part of Latvia. Two sites were located on mineral soils (Myrtillosa and Hylocomiosa site type, dominant tree species Pinus sylvestris L.) and one on drained peat soil (Oxalidosa turf. mel. site type, dominant tree species Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Felling was performed in early spring 2013 with harvester, timber was extracted and logging residues were removed with forwarder, following “business as usual” principle. Soil solution samples were collected once or twice a month in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. This study presents trends of pH and macronutrient (NO3--N, PO43--P, K) concentrations during five years – one year before harvesting and four years following harvesting. In general, significant forest management impact expressed as increase of macronutrient concentrations in soil solution was detected in the second and third year after harvesting, but in the fourth year concentrations started to decrease again.
2
STARKUS, Aurelijus, Dalia GELVONAUSKIENĖ, Birutė FRERCKS, Vidmantas BENDOKAS, Audrius SASNAUSKAS, and Vidmantas STANYS. "RELATION BETWEEN APPLE-TREE YIELD SELF-REGULATION AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING FRUIT SET." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.066.
Full textAbstract:
Apple has a tendency to bear huge amount of flowers or inflorescences. Plants have ability to eliminate excess number of fruitlets. Frequently fruit trees eliminate insufficient number of fruitlets to grow good quality fruits. Most processes related to yield self-regulation varies significantly between different apples varieties. Also meteorological conditions influenced flower buds differentiation and fruit growth during blooming and other development stages. The investigations were carried out in 2015 – 2016 at the Institute of Horticulture. The main aim was to evaluate yield self-regulation peculiarity in various apple varieties in different meteorological conditions. In our experiment we made fruit self – thinning evaluation of 15 different varieties. Meteorological conditions were varying. In 2015 there was lack of rainfall, while 2016 year was rainy. After each fruit-drop period the number of developed and undeveloped seeds were counted of self-sheded and normally growing fruits. Amount of developed seeds as auxins source is one of the most important factor for yield self-regulation. Varieties of apple which are blooming abundantly and eliminate high amount of fruitlets, grows fruits until maturity with stabile amount of developed seeds and produces permanent harvest annually, independently from meteorological conditions during vegetation. Such apple varieties need higher amount of developed seeds to inhibit abscission. Apple varieties tended to bloom abundantly and eliminate small amount of fruitlets depending on meteorological conditions. Demand of auxins to carry fruits depends on meteorological conditions therefore these apple-trees develop different amount of seeds, when weather conditions changes. We may presume, that different apple varieties need different amount of phytohormones or their ratio to hold fruitlets on the apple. Therefore apple trees with smaller amount of seeds in fruits grow more fruits to its normal size.